1 intro 600

part 1: literary elementsweaving a story unit 1 Plot, Conﬂ ict, and Setting reader’s workshop: Plot, Conﬂ ict, Setting writing workshop: Descriptive Essay personality tests unit 2 Analy

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l i t e r a t u r e

McDougal Littell

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introductory unit

The Barbara Hogenson Agency: Excerpt from A Young Lady of Property by Horton Foote Copyright

KidsHealth.com Reprinted with permission.

Atheneum Books for Young Readers: Excerpt from “Shells,” from Every Living Thing by Cynthia Rylant

Continued on page R147

art credits

cover, title page

IL 60204.

ISBN 13: 978-0-618-49566-5 ISBN 10: 0-618-49566-5 Printed in the United States of America.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9—VJM—12 11 10 09 08

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l i t e r a t u r e

McDougal Littell

Janet Allen Arthur N Applebee Jim Burke Douglas Carnine Yvette Jackson Robert T Jiménez Judith A Langer Robert J Marzano Donna M Ogle Carol Booth Olson Carol Ann Tomlinson Mary Lou McCloskey Lydia Stack

EVANSTON, ILLINOIS • BOSTON • DALLAS

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janet allen Reading and Literacy Specialist; creator of the popular “It’s Never Too Late”/“Reading for Life” Institutes Dr Allen is an internationally known consultant who specializes in literacy work

with at-risk students Her publications include Tools for Content Literacy; It’s Never Too Late: Leading Adolescents to Lifelong Learning; Yellow Brick Roads: Shared and Guided Paths to Independent Reading; Words, Words, Words: Teaching Vocabulary in Grades 4–12; and Testing 1, 2, 3 Bridging Best Practice and High-Stakes Assessments Dr Allen was a high school reading and English teacher for more than

20 years and has taught courses in both subjects at the University of Central Florida She directed the Central Florida Writing Project and received the Milken Foundation National Educator Award.

arthur n applebee Leading Professor, School of Education at the University at Albany, State University of New York; Director of the Center on English Learning and Achievement During his varied career, Dr Applebee has been both a researcher and a teacher, working in institutional settings with children with severe learning problems, in public schools, as a staff member of the National

Council of Teachers of English, and in professional education Among his many books are Curriculum

as Conversation: Transforming Traditions of Teaching and Learning; Literature in the Secondary School: Studies of Curriculum and Instruction in the United States; and Tradition and Reform in the Teaching of English: A History He was elected to the International Reading Hall of Fame and has received, among

other honors, the David H Russell Award for Distinguished Research in the Teaching of English.

jim burke Lecturer and Author; Teacher of English at Burlingame High School, Burlingame, California Mr Burke is a popular presenter at educational conferences across the country and is the

author of numerous books for teachers, including School Smarts: The Four Cs of Academic Success; The English Teacher’s Companion; Reading Reminders; Writing Reminders; and ACCESSing School: Teaching Struggling Readers to Achieve Academic and Personal Success He is the recipient of NCTE’s Exemplary

English Leadership Award and was inducted into the California Reading Association’s Hall of Fame.

douglas carnine Professor of Education at the University of Oregon; Director of the Western Region Reading First Technical Assistance Center Dr Carnine is nationally known for his focus on research-based practices in education, especially curriculum designs that prepare instructors of K-12 students He has received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council for Exceptional Children and the Ersted Award for outstanding teaching at the University of Oregon Dr Carnine frequently consults on educational policy with government groups, businesses, communities, and teacher unions

yvette jackson Executive Director of the National Urban Alliance for Effective Education Nationally recognized for her work in assessing the learning potential of underachieving urban students,

Dr Jackson is also a presenter for the Harvard Principal Center and is a member of the Differentiation Faculty of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development Dr Jackson’s research focuses

on literacy, gifted education, and cognitive mediation theory She designed the Comprehensive Education Plan for the New York City Public Schools and has served as their Director of Gifted Programs and Executive Director of Instruction and Professional Development.

robert t jiménez Professor of Language, Literacy, and Culture at Vanderbilt University Dr Jiménez’s research focuses on the language and literacy practices of Latino students A former bilingual education teacher, he is now conducting research on how written language is thought about and used

in contemporary Mexico Dr Jiménez has received several research and teaching honors, including two Fulbright awards from the Council for the International Exchange of Scholars and the Albert J Harris

Award from the International Reading Association His published work has appeared in the American Educational Research Journal, Reading Research Quarterly, The Reading Teacher, Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, and Lectura y Vida.

senior program consultants

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judith a langer Distinguished Professor at the University at Albany, State University of New

York; Director of the Center on English Learning and Achievement; Director of the Albany Institute

for Research in Education An internationally known scholar in English language arts education, Dr

Langer specializes in developing teaching approaches that can enrich and improve what gets done on

a daily basis in classrooms Her publications include Getting to Excellent: How to Create Better Schools

and Effective Literacy Instruction: Building Successful Reading and Writing Programs She was inducted

into the International Reading Hall of Fame and has received many other notable awards, including an

honorary doctorate from the University of Uppsala, Sweden, for her research on literacy education.

robert j marzano Senior Scholar at Mid-Continent Research for Education and Learning

(McREL); Associate Professor at Cardinal Stritch University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; President of

Marzano & Associates An internationally known researcher, trainer, and speaker, Dr Marzano has

developed programs that translate research and theory into practical tools for K-12 teachers and

administrators He has written extensively on such topics as reading and writing instruction, thinking

skills, school effectiveness, assessment, and standards implementation His books include Building

Background Knowledge for Academic Achievement; Classroom Management That Works: Research-Based

Strategies for Every Teacher; and What Works in Schools: Translating Research Into Action.

donna m ogle Professor of Reading and Language at National-Louis University in Chicago,

Illinois; Past President of the International Reading Association Creator of the well-known KWL strategy,

Dr Ogle has directed many staff development projects translating theory and research into school

practice in middle and secondary schools throughout the United States and has served as a consultant

on literacy projects worldwide Her extensive international experience includes coordinating the

Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking Project in Eastern Europe, developing integrated curriculum

for a USAID Afghan Education Project, and speaking and consulting on projects in several Latin American

countries and in Asia Her books include Coming Together as Readers; Reading Comprehension: Strategies

for Independent Learners; All Children Read; and Literacy for a Democratic Society.

carol booth olson Senior Lecturer in the Department of Education at the University of

California, Irvine; Director of the UCI site of the National Writing Project Dr Olson writes and lectures

extensively on the reading/writing connection, critical thinking through writing, interactive strategies

for teaching writing, and the use of multicultural literature with students of culturally diverse

backgrounds She has received many awards, including the California Association of Teachers of English

Award of Merit, the Outstanding California Education Research Award, and the UC Irvine Excellence in

Teaching Award Dr Olson’s books include Reading, Thinking, and Writing About Multicultural Literature

and The Reading/Writing Connection: Strategies for Teaching and Learning in the Secondary Classroom.

carol ann tomlinson Professor of Educational Research, Foundations, and Policy at the

University of Virginia; Co-Director of the University’s Institutes on Academic Diversity An internationally

known expert on differentiated instruction, Dr Tomlinson helps teachers and administrators develop

effective methods of teaching academically diverse learners She was a teacher of middle and high

school English for 22 years prior to teaching at the University of Virginia Her books on differentiated

instruction have been translated into eight languages Among her many publications are How to

Differentiate Instruction in Mixed-Ability Classrooms and The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to

the Needs of All Learners.

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english learner specialists

mary lou m C closkey Past President of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL); Director of Teacher Development and Curriculum Design for Educo in Atlanta, Georgia Dr McCloskey is a former teacher in multilingual and multicultural classrooms She has worked with teachers, teacher educators, and departments of education around the world on teaching English as

a second and foreign language She is author of On Our Way to English, Voices in Literature, Integrating English, and Visions: Language, Literature, Content Her awards include the Le Moyne College Ignatian

Award for Professional Achievement and the TESOL D Scott Enright Service Award.

lydia stack International ESL consultant Her areas of expertise are English language teaching strategies, ESL standards for students and teachers, and curriculum writing Her teaching experience includes 25 years as an elementary and high school ESL teacher She is a past president of TESOL Her awards include the James E Alatis Award for Service to TESOL (2003) and the San Francisco STAR Teacher

Award (1989) Her publications include On Our Way to English; Wordways: Games for Language Learning; and Visions: Language, Literature, Content.

curriculum specialist

william l m C bride Curriculum Specialist Dr McBride is a nationally known speaker, educator, and author who now trains teachers in instructional methodologies A former reading specialist, English teacher, and social studies teacher, he holds a Masters in Reading and a Ph.D in Curriculum and Instruction from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Dr McBride has contributed to the development of textbook series in language arts, social studies, science, and vocabulary He is

also known for his novel Entertaining an Elephant, which tells the story of a burned-out teacher who

becomes re-inspired with both his profession and his life.

media specialists

david m considine Professor of Instructional Technology and Media Studies at Appalachian State University in North Carolina Dr Considine has served as a media literacy consultant to the U.S government and to the media industry, including Discovery Communications and Cable in the Classroom

He has also conducted media literacy workshops and training for county and state health departments

across the United States Among his many publications are Visual Messages: Integrating Imagery into Instruction, and Imagine That: Developing Critical Viewing and Thinking Through Children’s Literature.

larkin pauluzzi Teacher and Media Specialist; trainer for the New Jersey Writing Project Ms Pauluzzi puts her extensive classroom experience to use in developing teacher-friendly curriculum materials and workshops in many different areas, including media literacy She has led media literacy training workshops in several districts throughout Texas, guiding teachers in the meaningful and practical uses of media in the classroom Ms Pauluzzi has taught students at all levels, from Title I Reading to AP English IV She also spearheads a technology club at her school, working with students

to produce media and technology to serve both the school and the community.

lisa k scheffler Teacher and Media Specialist Ms Scheffler has designed and taught media literacy and video production curriculum, in addition to teaching language arts and speech Using her knowledge of mass communication theory, coupled with real classroom experience, she has developed ready-to-use materials that help teachers incorporate media literacy into their curricula She has taught film and television studies at the University of North Texas and has served as a contributing writer for the Texas Education Agency’s statewide viewing and representing curriculum.

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Virginia L Alford, MacArthur

High School, San Antonio, Texas

Yvonne L Allen, Shaker Heights

High School, Shaker Heights,

Ohio

Dave T Anderson, Hinsdale

South High School, Darien,

Illinois

Kacy Colleen Anglim, Portland

Public Schools District,

Portland, Oregon

Beverly Scott Bass, Arlington

Heights High School, Fort

Worth, Texas

Jordana Benone, North High

School, Torrance, California

Patricia Blood, Howell High

School, Farmingdale, New

Jersey

Marjorie Bloom, Eau Gallie

High School, Melbourne,

Florida

Edward J Blotzer, Wilkinsburg

Junior/Senior High School,

Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania

Stephen D Bournes, Evanston

Township High School,

Evanston, Illinois

Barbara M Bowling, Mt Tabor

High School, Winston-Salem,

North Carolina

Kiala Boykin-Givehand,

Duval County Public Schools,

Jacksonville, Florida

Laura L Brown, Adlai

Stevenson High School,

Lincolnshire, Illinois

Cynthia Burke, Yavneh

Academy, Dallas, Texas

Hoppy Chandler, San Diego

City Schools, San Diego,

California

Gary Chmielewski, St Benedict

High School, Chicago, Illinois

Delorse Cole-Stewart,

Milwaukee Public Schools, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

L Calvin Dillon, Gaither High

School, Tampa, Florida

Dori Dolata, Rufus King High

School, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Jon Epstein, Marietta High

School, Marietta, Georgia

Helen Ervin, Fort Bend

Independent School District, Sugarland, Texas

Sue Friedman, Buffalo Grove

High School, Buffalo Grove, Illinois

Chris Gee, Bel Air High School,

El Paso, Texas

Paula Grasel, The Horizon

Center, Gainesville, Georgia

Michele M Hettinger, Niles

West High School, Skokie, Illinois

Elizabeth Holcomb, Forest

Hill High School, Jackson, Mississippi

Jim Horan, Hinsdale Central

High School, Hinsdale, Illinois

James Paul Hunter, Oak

Park-River Forest High School, Oak Park, Illinois

Susan P Kelly, Director of

Curriculum, Island Trees School District, Levittown, New York

Beverley A Lanier, Varina High

School, Richmond, Virginia

Pat Laws,

Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, Charlotte, North Carolina

Diana R Martinez, Treviño

School of Communications &

Fine Arts, Laredo, Texas

Natalie Martinez, Stephen F

Austin High School, Houston, Texas

Elizabeth Matarazzo, Ysleta

High School, El Paso, Texas

Carol M McDonald, J Frank

Dobie High School, Houston, Texas

Amy Millikan, Consultant,

Chicago, Illinois

Terri Morgan, Caprock High

School, Amarillo, Texas

Eileen Murphy, Walter Payton

Preparatory High School, Chicago, Illinois

Lisa Omark, New Haven

Public Schools, New Haven, Connecticut

Kaine Osburn, Wheeling High

School, Wheeling, Illinois

Andrea J Phillips, Terry Sanford

High School, Fayetteville, North Carolina

Cathy Reilly, Sayreville Public

Schools, Sayreville, New Jersey

Mark D Simon, Neuqua Valley

High School, Naperville, Illinois

Scott Snow, Sequin High

School, Arlington, Texas

Jane W Speidel, Brevard

County Schools, Viera, Florida

Cheryl E Sullivan, Lisle

Community School District, Lisle, Illinois

Anita Usmiani, Hamilton

Township Public Schools, Hamilton Square, New Jersey

Linda Valdez, Oxnard Union

High School District, Oxnard, California

Nancy Walker, Longview High

School, Longview, Texas

Kurt Weiler, New Trier High

School, Winnetka, Illinois

Elizabeth Whittaker, Larkin

High School, Elgin, Illinois

Linda S Williams, Woodlawn

High School, Baltimore, Maryland

John R Williamson, Fort

Thomas Independent Schools, Fort Thomas, Kentucky

Anna N Winters, Simeon High

School, Chicago, Illinois

Tonora D Wyckoff, North Shore

Senior High School, Houston, Texas

Karen Zajac, Glenbard South

High School, Glen Ellyn, Illinois

Cynthia Zimmerman, Mose

Vines Preparatory High School, Chicago, Illinois

Lynda Zimmerman, El Camino

High School, South San Francisco, California

Ruth E Zurich, Brown Deer

High School, Brown Deer, Wisconsin

teacher advisors

These are some of the many educators from across the country who played a crucial role in the

development of the tables of contents, the lesson design, and other key components of this program:

vii

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part 1: literary elements

weaving a story unit 1 Plot, Conﬂ ict, and Setting

reader’s workshop: Plot, Conﬂ ict, Setting

writing workshop: Descriptive Essay

personality tests unit 2 Analyzing Character and Point of View

reader’s workshop: Point of View, Narrator, Methods of Characterization

writing workshop: Comparison-Contrast Essay

lessons to learn

reader’s workshop: Theme

writing workshop: Short Story

finding a voice unit 4 Mood, Tone, and Style

reader’s workshop: Mood, Tone, Author’s Style

writing workshop: Interpretive Essay

picture the moment unit 5 Appreciating Poetry

reader’s workshop: Form, Speaker, Sound Devices, Imagery, Figurative Language

writing workshop: Personal Response to a Poem

sharing our stories unit 6 Myths, Legends, and Tales

reader’s workshop: Traditional Literature

writing workshop: Cause-and-Effect Essay

introductory unit

The Power of Ideas

literary genres workshop

writing process workshop

• Writing Process Review

• Key Traits

contents in brief

mcdougal littell literature

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part 3: nonf iction with purpose

writing a life

reader’s workshop: Characteristics of

Biographies and Autobiographies

writing workshop: Personal Narrative

face the facts

reader’s workshop: Text Features, Preview, Main

Idea and Supporting Details, Take Notes, Outline

writing workshop: Persuasive Essay

investigation and discovery

unit 9 The Power of Research

research strategies workshop: Reference

Materials and Technology, Evaluate Sources

writing workshop: Research Report

student resource bank

reading handbook

writing handbook

grammar handbook

vocabulary and spelling handbook

speaking and listening handbook

• Additional Selection Background

• Literary Analysis Frames

• Power Thinking Activities

writing and grammar center

• Writing Templates and Graphic Organizers

• Publishing Options

• Quick-Fix Editing Machine

vocabulary and spelling center

• Vocabulary Strategies and Practice

• Multi-Language Academic Vocabulary Glossary

• Vocabulary Flash Cards

• Assessment Practice and Test-Taking Tips

• SAT/ACT Practice and Tips

• Writing Prompts and Templates

• Interactive Student Models

• Interactive Graphic Organizers

• Interactive Revision Lessons

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plot, conflict, and setting

• in fiction • in nonfiction • in poetry • in drama • in media

Reading for Information

short story

Connect

from breaking poem

short story

Skills and Standards

Setting, Conflict, Characters,

Stages of Plot

Plot, Connect

Setting, Identify Sequence

Conflict, Make Inferences

Suspense, Predict

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Great Reads: Adventure Novel

from Holes a newbery award winner Louis Sachar 92

from Back to the Future Robert Zemeckis 150

short story

vocabulary strategies

Latin roots: uni, p 40 Latin roots: viv and vit, p 90 Antonyms as context clues, p 59 Analogies, p 116

Prefixes that mean “not,” p 70 Suffixes that form adjectives, p 127

Strategies for Reading Poetry

Conflict in Drama, Strategies

for Reading a Teleplay

Plot and Setting in Movies

Analyze a Writer’s Position,

Compare and Contrast

Sensory Details

Plot Stages, Setting, Sequence,

Cause and Effect

media smart

dvd

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unit Personality Tests

analyzing character and point of view

• in fiction • in nonfiction • in poetry

fiction

short story

Connect

short story

Point of View, Narrator,

Methods of Characterization

Character, Visualize

Synthesize, Draw Conclusions

First-Person Point of View,

Make Inferences

Omniscient Point of View,

Predict

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Encounter with Martin Luther King Jr Maya Angelou 258

from The Papers of Martin Luther King Jr memorandum 267

short story

from The Man Who Was a Horse Julius Lester

short story

from A Mother in Mannville Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings

Context clues, p 225 Using reference aids, p 266 Multiple meaning words, p 238 Idioms, p 278

Characterization,

Set a Purpose for Reading

Characterization in

Nonfiction, Connect

Point of View in a Memoir,

Identify Cause and Effect

Characterization in Poetry,

Strategies for Reading Poetry

Organization, Use Transitions

Character Traits,

Characterization, Point of View,

Make Inferences

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Differences Between Topic

and Theme, Clues to Theme,

Identify Theme

Theme Versus Topic,

Theme, Monitor

Symbol, Make Inferences

Theme and Character, Identify

Cause and Effect

Lessons to Learn

understanding theme

• in fiction • in poetry • in drama • in media

short story

3

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Great Reads: Fantasy Novel

from The Giver a newbery award winner Lois Lowry 374

media

film clips

from A Christmas Carol Brian Desmond Hurst 416

short story

from The Hummingbird That Lived William Saroyan

Through Winter

Theme, Symbol, Make

Inferences, Cause and Effect,

Latin roots: pel, p 324 General context clues, p 354 Denotations and connotations, p 336 Forms of the prefix in-, p 373

media smart

dvd

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mood, tone, and style

• in fiction • in nonfiction • in poetry • in media

fiction

short story

An Interview with Ray Bradbury magazine article 462

short story

folk tale

Great Reads: Novel in Verse

from Out of the Dust a newbery award winner Karen Hesse 488

Mood, Tone, Author’s Style,

Elements of Style

Mood, Reading Science Fiction

Style, Understand Dialogue

Distinguish Fact from Opinion,

Create Instructions

Style in Folk Tales, Summarize

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and Robert Doisneau

and editing a video

story

from The Hound of the Baskervilles Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Latin roots: pend, p 464 Synonyms, p 487 Words for animal groups, p 474 Literal and figurative meanings, p 506

Tone, Set a Purpose for Reading

Irony, Form in Poetry

Style in Poetry, Monitor

Style and Mood in

Photographs

Respond to Literature

Mood, Style, Summarize

media smart

dvd

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appreciating poetry

The Courage That My Mother Had Edna St Vincent Millay 547

a memorial

imagery from nature

relationships

The World Is Not a Pleasant Place to Be Nikki Giovanni 566

Form, Speaker, Sound Devices,

Imagery, Figurative Language

Free Verse, Imagery,

Understand Historical Context

Lyric Poetry, Figurative

Language, Make Inferences

Line and Stanza, Rhyme

Scheme, Understand Speaker

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poems as stories

The Charge of the Light Brigade Alfred, Lord Tennyson 570

symbols of the seasons

fun with language

Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout Would Shel Silverstein 596

Not Take the Garbage Out

comparing mood

Rhythm and Meter,

Strategies for Reading a

Narrative Poem

Haiku, Symbol, Visualize

Use Text Features, Connect

Nonfiction and Poetry

Humorous Poetry,

Sound Devices, Monitor

Mood and Figurative Language,

Respond to Literature

Imagery, Figurative Language,

Sound Devices, Make Inferences

vocabulary strategy

Connotations, p 580

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unit Sharing Our Stories

myths, legends, and tales

Cultural Values in Myths,

Cause and Effect

Characteristics of Legends,

Chronological Order

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Cultural Values in Legends,

Universal Theme, Set a

Purpose for Reading

Organization, Use Transitions

Mood, Style, Summarize,

Compare and Contrast,

Monitor

from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Michael Morpurgo 670

Great Reads: Historical Novel

from Crispin: The Cross of Lead a newbery award winner Avi 686

tales

african-american folk tale

chinese folk tale

american tall tale

comparing themes

liberian fable

jamaican fable

The Race Between Toad and Donkey Roger D Abrahams 730

greek myth

from The King Who Wished for Gold Anne Rockwell

puerto rican folk tale

from The Three Wishes Ricardo E Alegría

Latin roots: fin, p 645 Easily confused words, p 684 Homographs, p 658 Latin words: primus, p 711 Compound words, p 668 Dictionary usage labels, p 721

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biography and autobiography

• in nonfiction • in media • in drama • in poetry

nonfiction

biography

Daughters of the American Revolution letter

The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt autobiography 778

from 23 Days in July John Wilcockson 796

Great Reads: Biography

from Malcolm X: By Any Means Walter Dean Myers 802

Necessary a coretta scott king award winner

Characteristics of Biographies

and Autobiographies

Biography, Identify

Chronological Order

Synthesize, Draw Conclusions

Personal Essay, Connect

Quotations, Make Inferences

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as told to Alfred Duckett

Reading for Information Montreal Signs Negro Shortstop historical article 822

Robinson Steals Home in Fifth historical article 825

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information, argument, and persuasion

How the Black Death Affected Europemedia

tv newscast/web news

Text Features, Preview, Main

Idea and Supporting Details,

Take Notes, Outline

Text Features, Outline

Fact and Opinion,

Recognize Author’s Bias

Patterns of Organization,

dvd

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Paid Too Much?

magazine article

speech

Aerospace Medical Health Center

media

tv commercials

argument, and persuasion

survey

Teen Reading Survey

essay

Elements of an Argument,

Persuasive Techniques

Argument, Evaluate Reasoning

Counterargument, Take Notes

dvd

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9

Investigation and Discovery

the power of research

Use Reference Materials

and Technology,

Evaluate Sources

Research, Synthesis

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Student Resource Bank

xxvii

Reading Informational Texts: Text Features R3

Reading Informational Texts: Patterns R8

of Organization

Reading Informational Texts: Forms R14

Adjusting Reading Rate to Purpose R27

Building Blocks of Good Writing R30

Quick Reference: Parts of Speech R46

Quick Reference: The Sentence and Its Parts R48

Quick Reference: Capitalization R51

Homonyms, Homographs, and Homophones R71

Different Types of Oral Presentations R78

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short stories

Amigo Brothers Piri Thomas 310

Charles Shirley Jackson 250

A Crush Cynthia Rylant 362

Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed Ray Bradbury 444

A Day’s Wait Ernest Hemingway 466

The Dinner Party Mona Gardner 28

The Hound of the Baskervilles Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 532

The Hummingbird That Lived Through Winter

William Saroyan 428

The Last Dog Katherine Paterson 42

The Man Who Was a Horse Julius Lester 294

A Mother in Mannville Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings 295

Papa’s Parrot Cynthia Rylant 166

A Retrieved Reformation O Henry 226

Rikki-tikki-tavi Rudyard Kipling 72

The Scholarship Jacket Marta Salinas 216

Seventh Grade Gary Soto 32

Thank You, M’am Langston Hughes 62

The Three-Century Woman Richard Peck 240

The Two Brothers Leo Tolstoy 307

The War of the Wall Toni Cade Bambara 326

What Do Fish Have to Do with Anything? Avi 338

Zebra Chaim Potok 182

oral tradition

Brer Possum’s Dilemma Jackie Torrence

African-American Folk Tale 696

Echo Alice Low Greek Myth 630

Icarus and Daedalus Josephine Preston Peabody

Greek Myth 646

The King Who Wished for Gold Anne Rockwell

Greek Myth 744

Orpheus and Eurydice Olivia Coolidge Greek Myth 638

The People Could Fly Virginia Hamilton Folk Tale 480

Phặthon, Son of Apollo Olivia Coolidge Greek Myth 652

Prometheus Bernard Evslin Greek Myth 632

The Race Between Toad and Donkey

Roger D Abrahams Jamaican Fable 730

Sally Ann Thunder Ann Whirlwind Mary Pope Osborne

American Tall Tale 712

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Michael Morpurgo

Medieval Legend 670

The Three Wishes Ricardo E Alegría

Puerto Rican Folk Tale 745

Two Ways to Count to Ten Frances Carpenter

Liberian Fable 722

Waters of Gold Laurence Yep Chinese Folk Tale 702

Young Arthur Robert D San Souci Medieval Legend 660

novels

from Crispin: The Cross of Lead Avi 686

from The Giver Lois Lowry 374

from Holes Louis Sachar 92

from Out of the Dust Karen Hesse 488

autobiography/memoir

An American Childhood Annie Dillard 118

The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt

Eleanor Roosevelt 778

Dirk the Protector Gary Paulsen 268

Encounter with Martin Luther King Jr Maya Angelou 258

It’s Not About the Bike Lance Armstrong 790

The Noble Experiment Jackie Robinson

as told to Alfred Duckett 808

biography

East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart Susan Butler 858

Eleanor Roosevelt William Jay Jacobs 760

Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary Walter Dean Myers 802

essays

Breaking the Ice Dave Barry 502

Homeless Anna Quindlen 356

Names/Nombres Julia Alvarez 780

The Only Girl in the World for Me Bill Cosby 494

The Promise Jane Goodall 916

Take a Book Wherever You Go Joan Aiken 957

Why Work Out? Erica Cheng 913

Selections by Genre

fiction

nonfiction

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informational nonfiction

Back to the Wall Magazine Article 337

The Collected Grief of a Nation Feature Article 209

Dickens and Too Many Scrooges Online Article 413

Do Professional Athletes Get Paid Too Much? Editorial 922

Enemies Attack: A Nation Mourns Article 553

Great White Sharks Magazine Article 884

How Hemingway Wrote Informative Article 476

An Interview with Ray Bradbury Magazine Article 462

Letter to the President General of the Daughters

of the American Revolution Letter 777

Like Black Smoke Magazine Article 894

Medieval Adventures Book Review 694

Montreal Signs Negro Shortstop Historical Article 823

A Mother’s Words Letter 212

The Papers of Martin Luther King Jr Memorandum 267

Pro Athletes’ Salaries Aren’t Overly Exorbitant Editorial 918

Remarks at the Dedication of the Aerospace Medical

Health Center Speech 936

Robinson Steals Home in Fifth Historical Article 825

Serf on the Run Book Review 693

‘Spot’ Goes High-Tech Online Article 61

Stars with Wings Science Article 588

Teen Reading Survey Survey 956

The Unnatural Course of Time Movie Review 154

U.S Involvement in Vietnam Timeline 214

What Do You Know About Sharks? Magazine Article 872

Who Was King Arthur? Magazine Article 669

Why We Shouldn’t Go to Mars Magazine Article 928

A World Turned Upside Down Magazine Article 902

narrative nonfiction

Exploring the Titanic Robert D Ballard .98

23 Days in July John Wilcockson 796

Abuelito Who Sandra Cisneros 284

Annabel Lee Edgar Allan Poe 567

Casey at the Bat Ernest Lawrence Thayer 128

The Charge of the Light Brigade Alfred, Lord Tennyson 570

The Courage That My Mother Had Edna St Vincent Millay 547

Cynthia in the Snow Gwendolyn Brooks 545

The Delight Song of Tsoai-Talee M Scott Momaday 600

the earth is a living thing Lucille Clifton 554

Eating Alone Li-Young Lee 383

Fireflies Paul Fleischman 585

Fireflies in the Garden Robert Frost 586

Four Skinny Trees Sandra Cisneros 604

Gold Pat Mora 559

The Highwayman Alfred Noyes 575

If I can stop one Heart from breaking Emily Dickinson .68

It Was a Long Time Before Leslie Marmon Silko 280

Jabberwocky Lewis Carroll 592

maggie and milly and molly and may E E Cummings 514

A Minor Bird Robert Frost 542

My Mother Enters the Work Force Rita Dove 844

The Names Billy Collins 548

Ode to enchanted light Pablo Neruda 616

old age sticks E E Cummings 518

One Perfect Rose Dorothy Parker 508

The Rider Naomi Shihab Nye 204

Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout Would Not Take the Garbage Out Shel Silverstein 596

Scaffolding Seamus Heaney 562

Sleeping in the Forest Mary Oliver 558

Snow in the Suburbs Thomas Hardy 617

Song for an April Dusk Dorothy Parker 512

Song of Orpheus William Shakespeare . 643

Spring Harvest of Snow Peas Maxine Hong Kingston 380

Two Haiku Matsuo Basho- 582

Two Limericks Edward Lear 598

Under the Back Porch Virginia Hamilton 543

Washington Monument by Night Carl Sandburg 848

who are you, little i E E Cummings 517

A word is dead Emily Dickinson 545

The World Is Not a Pleasant Place to Be Nikki Giovanni 566

A Christmas Carol dramatized by Frederick Gaines 386

Lucy Stone: Champion of Women’s Rights Claire Boiko 832

The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street Rod Serling 134

poetry

drama

xxix

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Myths, Legends, and Tales 626

Biography and Autobiography 754

Reading for Information 868

Argument and Persuasion 912

l i t e r at u r e c e n t e r at ClassZone.com

reader’s workshops

Radio Dramatization 165

Interview 293

Dramatizing a Short Story 427

Producing and Editing a Video 531

Back to the Future Robert Zemeckis Film Clip 150

A Christmas Carol Brian Desmond Hurst Film Clips 416

Style and Mood in Photographs Aleksandr Rodchenko,

Robert Doisneau Image Collection 520

Jackie Robinson Documentary 828

News Reports Television and Web Newscasts 908

Persuasive Techniques in Commercials TV Commercials 944

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the power of ideas

• Literary Essentials Workshop

• Reading Essentials Workshop

• Writing Essentials Workshop

The Essentials

introducing the essentials

• Literary Genres Workshop

• Reading Strategies Workshop

• Writing Process Workshop

The Power

of Ideas

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What Are Life’s Big Questions?

We all wrestle with the big questions in life, including the ones shown here That’s because such questions prompt us to think about key ideas—

for example, love, growing up, and loss—that affect all our lives, no matter who we are or where we come from Through our experiences, we come closer to answering these questions, making sense of the world, and understanding ourselves But powerful literature holds some answers too

The Power

of Ideas

What is

COU R AGE ?

Courage helps people face big challenges, such as

protecting their families or fighting life-threatening

illnesses It can also take courage to do something

small, like talk to someone who intimidates you This

book is filled with brave characters—among them

a pet mongoose and a shy seventh grader—who can

teach you what true courage is.

Is life always

FA I R ?

If you’ve ever single-handedly lost a team championship

or gotten blamed for something that wasn’t your fault, you’ve probably realized that life can feel completely unfair Read Ernest Lawrence Thayer’s poem “Casey

at the Bat” or Chaim Potok’s story “Zebra,” and you’ll discover that you’re not alone in feeling this way

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introductory unit 3

Where is

HOM E ?

“Home is where the heart is,” as the old saying goes

The place you call home doesn’t have to be the house

where you live Rather, home can be wherever you

feel most comfortable and secure Think about all

the places that people might call home—for example,

a certain country or a hiding place that nobody else

knows about Then ask yourself: Where is home?

Can we achieve the

I M POS SI BL E ?

In many Hollywood action movies, the hero emerges victorious despite impossible odds Some stories in this book star real-life heroes whose astonishing achievements can make us believe that anything is possible However, tales as ancient as Greek myths warn us about what can happen if we set our sights too high Is the impossible really within our reach?

3

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Genres

Workshop

Exploring Ideas in Literature

The big questions in life are not easy to answer, but that doesn’t stop people from trying For centuries, writers have searched for answers to such questions, exploring their ideas through stories, poems, and plays As readers, we turn to literature to understand how others see the world and to learn about ourselves

The Genres

Literature includes a variety of genres, including the ones shown here Some are meant to be read; others are meant to be performed Formats such as blockbuster movies and advertisements are not what you would expect to find in a literature book They are important to analyze, though, since they communicate many ideas and messages in today’s world

In this book you will explore questions and ideas in many genres By reading everything from dramas and newspaper articles to poetry and short stories, you will be able to discuss and write about such key ideas as survival and happiness First, review the characteristics of each genre.

genres at a gl ance

fiction Fiction refers to made-up stories about characters and events.

• short stories • novels • novellas • folk tales

poetry Poetry is a type of literature in which words are chosen and arranged

in a compact, precise way to create specific effects.

• haiku • limericks • narrative poems

drama Dramas are stories that are meant to be performed.

• comedies • historical dramas • teleplays

nonfiction Nonfiction tells about real people, places, and events

• autobiographies • essays • news articles

• biographies • speeches • feature articles

T I M E S

The word media refers to communication that reaches many people

• feature films • advertising • news media

t ypes of media

ŁRo se s

ar eŁ » red

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introducing the essentials 5

fiction

Whether it is a book by your favorite author or a story that your friend

invented, a work of fiction starts as an idea in someone’s imagination

Sometimes fiction is also inspired by real people and events

A good work of fiction keeps readers interested by weaving together

many elements These elements include plot (the action of the story),

characters (the persons or animals involved in the action), setting (where

and when the action takes place), and theme (the big idea behind the

story—what the story is really about) Three types of fiction are short

stories, novels, and novellas.

• A short story is a brief work of fiction that can usually be read in one

sitting It often focuses on a single event or a few main characters.

• A novel is a much longer work of fiction that can take several days

or even weeks to read Because they are longer than short stories,

novels have room to develop more complex characters and plots.

• A novella is longer than a short story but shorter than a novel.

Read the Model In the novel The Cay, a young boy named Phillip and

his mother flee their home in the Caribbean After their ship is attacked,

Phillip goes blind from an injury and gets lost at sea Soon he finds

himself stranded on a remote island His only companions are an island

man named Timothy and a cat Notice the elements of fiction that the

author uses to explore the key idea of survival.

Close Read

1. Using terms from the Academic Vocabulary list, describe what’s happening in this scene.

2 Key Idea: Survival

Phillip will probably have

to overcome his fear if he

wants to survive What

qualities might help him stay alive on this solitary island?

5

10

The palm fronds above me rattled in the breeze, and there were other

noises from the underbrush I knew Stew Cat was around somewhere,

but it didn’t sound like him

I wondered if Timothy had checked for snakes There were also

scorpions on most Caribbean islands, and they were deadly I wondered

if there were any on our cay

During those first few days on the island, the times I spent alone were

terrible It was, of course, being unable to see that made all the sounds

so frightening I guess if you are born blind, it is not so bad You grow

up knowing each sound and what it means

Suddenly, the tears came out I knew it was not a manly thing to do,

something my father would have frowned on, but I couldn’t stop

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Poetry is all around you—in the nursery rhymes you learned as a child,

in the lyrics of the songs you listen to, in greeting-card messages, and

in this book You already know that poetry is very different from fiction,

starting with the way words are arranged on the page In poetry,

ideas are expressed through a series of lines, which are often grouped

into stanzas.

Many poems are meant to be heard, not just read For that reason,

the way a poem sounds is as important as the way it looks on the page

Poets often experiment with sound devices, including rhythm and

rhyme, to emphasize important words and create musical effects.

Read the Model A powerful poem can make readers look at something

ordinary—a thumbprint, for example—in a new way Read this poem

aloud so that you can hear its rhythm and rhyme What is the poet

saying about the key idea of individuality?

2 Key Idea: Individuality

A thumbprint is one

of many things that distinguishes one person from another What other qualities or characteristics make an

Poem by Eve Merriam

On the pad of my thumb

are whorls, whirls, wheels

in a unique design:

mine alone

What a treasure to own!

My own flesh, my own feelings

No other, however grand or base,

can ever contain the same

of all my atom parts I am the sum

And out of my blood and my brain

I make my own interior weather,

my own sun and rain

Imprint my mark upon the world,

whatever I shall become

5

10

15

20

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Literary Genres Workshop

introducing the essentials 7

drama

At the heart of both fiction and drama are good stories Unlike

fiction, though, drama is meant to be performed before an audience

As a result, a drama does not include long descriptions of settings or

characters’ thoughts Instead, the story is developed through dialogue

and actions—what the characters say and do The structure of a drama

is also different from that of a short story or novel A drama is made up

of scenes and acts, rather than chapters and parts.

A drama also includes notes to help the actors and the director perform

it as the writer intended These instructions, or stage directions, describe

the setting and how the characters should look, talk, and act Stage

directions are often printed in italic type

Read the Model A Young Lady of Property is about Wilma, a teenager

who dreams of leaving her home and becoming a movie star Wilma

also wants to leave so that she doesn’t have to deal with Mrs

Leighton, her father’s girlfriend In this excerpt Wilma reveals her

plan to her father As you read, think about the key idea of ambition.

2 Key Idea: Ambition

Wilma’s desire to become a movie star is

an ambition that many

other teens may share What other ambitions

do young people have? Explain why such ambitions are appealing.

5

10

15

Lester Say hello to Mrs Leighton.

Wilma (most ungraciously) Hello, Mrs Leighton.

Mrs Leighton( most graciously ) Hello, Wilma.

Lester What are you doing hanging around the streets, Wilma?

Wilma Waiting to see if I have a letter.

Lester What kind of letter, Wilma?

Wilma About getting into the movies Arabella and I saw an ad in the

Houston Chronicle about a Mr Delafonte who is a famous Hollywood

director

Lester Who is Mr Delafonte?

Wilma The Hollywood director I’m trying to tell you about He’s

giving screen tests in Houston to people of beauty and talent, and if

they pass they’ll go to Hollywood and be in the picture shows

Lester Well, that’s all a lot of foolishness, Wilma You’re not going to

Houston to take anything

Wilma But, Daddy I

Lester You’re fifteen years old and you’re gonna stay home .

from

Drama by Horton Foote

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nonfiction and informational text

Through literary nonfiction, such as autobiographies and speeches,

you can learn about historic events, inspiring people, and

ground-breaking topics Informational text, such as instruction manuals,

magazine articles, and other writing that conveys factual information,

is also an important source for learning about the world For these

reasons, you need to become a critical reader of all types of nonfiction.

autobiography/

biography The true story of a person’s life, told by that person (autobiography) or by someone else (biography)

t ype of nonfiction char acteristics

essay

A short piece of writing about a single, focused subject

• Has one or more of the following purposes: to express feelings, to inform, to entertain, to persuade

• Uses either formal or informal language

well-news/feature articles Informational writing in newspapers and magazines

News articles report on recent events Feature articles provide in-depth coverage of interesting people, topics, and trends.

• Are primarily intended to inform

or entertain

• Often use examples, statistics, quotations from sources, and graphic aids to present information

YES When asked in the early twenties what justified him making

Fifty years ago, only t run outfielder would ma

WESTMONT COLLEGE SANTA BARB

consumer documents Printed materials that usually accompany products and services

• Are intended to inform consumers about how to use a product or service

• Often include illustrations, diagrams, and step-by-step directions

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Literary Genres Workshop

As you read this excerpt from an autobiography by author Walter Dean

Myers, notice how he describes his feelings Through his descriptions,

what do you learn about the key idea of overcoming obstacles?

Stress, the key idea in this article, is something that many people

experience How does the article help you understand the reactions

that Myers describes in his autobiography?

Close Read

1. What challenges did young Myers face because of his speech problem? Look for descriptions of his feelings

2 Key Idea: Overcoming

Obstacles Myers

realized early on that

he had to deal with his problem Do you think

that all obstacles can be

overcome with enough

effort? Why or why not?

5

10

I knew in my heart that I would have some difficulties in life because

of my speech problems, and I also knew that I wouldn’t always be

able to solve them by punching somebody out But I didn’t want to

make my speech the focus of my life If I couldn’t speak well, I could

still communicate by writing If the words didn’t come easily from my

mouth, they would, I hoped, eventually come from my writing

I never understood my speech problem The words I spoke sounded

clear to me When a teacher or classmate asked me to say something

more clearly, I didn’t know what to do Reading aloud in front of an

audience was especially difficult for me After a while I dreaded reading

even a sports page to my friends My stomach would tighten up, and I

would become so nervous I could hardly read at all

of details that Myers uses to describe the stress he felt as a child?

2 Key Idea: Stress Life

is full of stressful situations What other events or factors in life

can cause stress?

Text not available for electronic use

Please refer to the text in the textbook

Trang 40

types of media

Movies allow you to experience everything from time travel to heroic

adventures The news informs you about what’s happening in the

world Ads promise that your life will improve if you buy certain

products Media messages like these influence your life in many ways

That’s why you need to become media literate—that is, learn how to

“read” the media as carefully as you would a work of literature

feature films Motion pictures that tell stories

• Are meant to entertain and to make

on TV, the radio, and the Web

• Are intended to inform and to create

• Are meant to inform and entertain

• Use visuals, sound effects, and music

to create entertaining stories

• Are usually 30 to 60 minutes long

web sites Collections of pages

on the World Wide Web

• Use text, graphics, audio, and video to present information

• Include hyperlinks and menus that allow users to navigate to the information they are looking for

advertising The promotion of products, services, and ideas using print and broadcast media

• Is designed to persuade a target audience to buy a product or agree with an idea

• Uses persuasive techniques, visuals, and sounds to convey a message

t ype of media char acteristics

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