Dictionary of information and library management

access code access code /kses kəυd/ noun a code used for information retrieval to show where something can be found access course access course /kses kɔs/ noun a course of study designed

Information and Library Management

Dictionary of Human Resources and Personnel Management 0 7475 6623 2

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Information and Library Management

second edition

A & C Black 앫 London

First published in Great Britain in 1997

This second edition published 2006

A & C Black Publishers Ltd

38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB

© Janet Stevenson & P H Collin 1997

© A & C Black Publishers Ltd 2006

All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced

in any form or by any means without the permission of the publishers

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0216-9

1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2

Text Production and Proofreading

Heather Bateman, Helen Liebeck, Katy McAdam

A & C Black uses paper produced with elemental chlorine-free pulp,

harvested from managed sustainable forests

Text typeset by A & C BlackPrinted in Italy by Legoprint

This dictionary provides a basic vocabulary of terms used in the informationand records management industries It is ideal for all students of librarian-ship, information science and related subjects, as well as those working forthe first time in library, archiving, knowledge management, databasing andresearch jobs.

Each headword is explained in clear, straightforward English and quotationsfrom specialist publications show how the words are used in context Thereare also supplements including a list of major library classification systems,copyright and data protection law, details of book awards and prizes and a list

of helpful resources on the Web

Many thanks to Diana Dixon for her invaluable help and advice during theproduction of this book

The following symbols have been used to show the pronunciation of the mainwords in the dictionary.

Stress is indicated by a main stress mark (
) and a secondary stress mark (  ) Notethat these are only guides, as the stress of the word changes according to its position

A3

A3 adjective European standard size

paper, twice the size of A4: 297 x

A5 adjective European standard size

paper, half the size of A4: 148 x 210mm

AACR 2 Rev

AACR 2 Rev noun Anglo-American

cataloguing rules, revised second

abbreviate /ə|briviet/ verb to make

shorter by leaving out some letters or by

using only the first few letters of each

word

abbreviated entry

abbreviated entry /ə|brivetd

entri/ noun a shortened form of a

bibli-ographic entry usually giving author,

title and date only

abbreviated text

abbreviated text /ə|bivietd

tekst/ noun text which is shorter than

the original

abbreviation

abbreviation /ə|brivi|eʃ(ə)n/ noun

a short form of a word

ability

ability /ə|blti/ noun a quality or skill

which makes it possible to do

some-thing

-ability

-ability /əblti/ suffix added to

adjec-tives ending in -able to form nouns

referring to a quality or state, e.g

dɒkjumənt/ noun a written document

which has been made shorter whilekeeping the main points

abstract

abstract noun /bstrkt/ asummary of the contents of a document

쐽 verb /b|strkt/ to summarise themain points of a document

abstracting and indexing

abstracting and indexing

/bstrktŋ ənd ndeksŋ/ noun themaking of summaries and indexes forarticles and books Abbr A&I

abstracting journal

abstracting journal /əb|strktŋdnəl/ noun a journal containingsummaries of documents or articles in agiven field

ac

acabbreviation1. in Internet addresses,the top-level domain for academicorganisations 2 in Internet addresses,the top-level domain for AscensionIsland

academic

academic /kə|demk/ adjective

relating to studying 쐽 noun a personwho teaches or does research usually inhigher education

academic library

academic library /kədemk

labrəri/ noun a library which serves

an academic community such as auniversity or college

academic session

academic session /kədemk

seʃ(ə)n/ noun a school or universityyear, or one complete part of a year, e.g

a term or semester

academy

academy /ə|kdəmi/ noun 1. aneducational institution devoted to aparticular subject 2. a secondary schoolwhich has been set up in cooperation

accent 2

with private organisations such as

busi-nesses or voluntary groups

accent

accent /ksənt/ noun a mark put

above or below a letter in writing or

printing to show how it should be

pronounced

access

access /kses/ noun the opportunity

or right to use something 쑗 They were

given access to all relevant information.

쐽 verb to obtain, examine or be able to

reach something 쑗 You can access this

information in a library or on a

computer.

access code

access code /kses kəυd/ noun a

code used for information retrieval to

show where something can be found

access course

access course /kses kɔs/ noun a

course of study designed for people

without formal educational

qualifica-tions, so that they can gain entry to

higher education

accessibility

accessibility /ək|ses|blti/ noun

the quality of being able to be found and

used

accessible

accessible /ək|sesb(ə)l/ adjective

easy to find and use

accession

accession /ək|seʃ(ə)n/ noun a new

addition to a library or collection

accession list

accession list /ək|seʃ(ə)n lst/

noun a list of new purchases or

addi-tions to a library

accession number

accession number /ək|seʃ(ə)n

nmbə/ noun a consecutive number

used to identify new additions to a

library or collection in an inventory

system

accession register

accession register /ək|seʃ(ə)n

redstə/ noun a physical record of

new purchases or additions to a library

or collection

access name

access name /kses nem/ noun a

unique name that identifies an object in

a database

access number

access number /kses nmbə/

noun the telephone number used to link

to an Internet service provider or other

network provider using a dial-up

connection

access point

access point /kses pɔnt/ noun a

transceiver in a wireless local area

network that connects a wired local area

network to wireless devices or that

connects wireless devices to each other

access time

access time /kses tam/ noun thetime taken to get into a computerprogram

accompany

accompany /ə|kmp(ə)ni/ verb toplay a musical instrument to provide asecond part for a piece of music

account

account /ə|kaυnt/ verb 왍 to take

account of something, to take

thing into account to consider

some-thing when you are thinking about asituation

accountant

accountant /ə|kaυntənt/ noun aperson whose job is to keep the financialaccounts for a business

accounting year

accounting year /ə|kaυntŋ jə/

noun any period of twelve monthswhich an organisation uses to control itsmoney 쑗 Many universities have an

accounting year from August to August.

accounts

accounts /ə|kaυnts/ plural noun

detailed records of money received andspent by a business or person

accreditation

accreditation /ə|kred|teʃ(ə)n/

noun the granting of official approval to

a person or organisation, or the tion of having received this approval

condi-‘…the exams, certificates and otherpieces of paper that go with CILIPeducation and accreditation reallybenefit info pros; raising their profile,and that of the whole profession.’

[Information World Review]

accumulation /ə|kjumjυ|leʃ(ə)n/

noun the act of collecting items gainedover a period of time

3 acute accent

achievement

achievement /ə|tʃivmənt/ noun

something which somebody has

succeeded in doing, often after

consid-erable effort

acid-free paper

acid-free paper /sd fri pepə/

noun paper which has had certain acid

chemicals removed, so that it will not

become yellow and brittle with age

acidic paper

acidic paper /ə|sdk pepə/ noun

paper which is made from naturally

acidic wood pulp or chemicals used in

the manufacturing process, which

dete-riorates quickly

acid process

acid process /sd prəυses/ noun

the process of making chemical paper

pulp using acid

acknowledge

acknowledge /ək|nɒld/ verb to

inform the sender that a message or

object has been received

acknowledgement

nɒldmənt/ noun a piece of text

printed at the beginning of a written

document thanking people who have

helped in its production (NOTE:

Acknowledgement is usually used in

the plural.)

COMMENT: The acknowledgements may

also include references to institutions

which have given permission to quote

copyright material or to use copyright

photographs The acknowledgements

are usually placed after the verso of the

title page and before the preface; if short,

they can be listed at the end of the

preface itself.

acoustic hood

acoustic hood /ə|kustk hυd/

noun a soundproof covering placed over

such things as public telephones or

computer printers, to cut out noise

acquiescence

acquiescence /kwi|es(ə)ns/

noun agreement with what somebody

wants to do

acquire

acquire /ə|kwaə/ verb 1. to obtain or

buy something 쑗 to acquire the

paper-back rights to a new novel 2. to gain a

skill

acquisition

acquisition /kw|zʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.

an object or item which is obtained,

purchased or received as a donation to a

library 2. learning or obtaining a skill 쑗

The acquisition of a new language is a

long process.

acquisition policy

acquisition policy /kw|zʃ(ə)n

pɒlsi/ noun a plan for what types of

stock will be bought by a library

‘The British Library is to stopcollecting every book, magazine andjournal printed in Britain because ithas nowhere to store them… Thegovernment’s decision to review thelibrary’s acquisition policy followsnews that shelves at its new £450m StPancras site will be full before the

building opens.’ [Sunday Times]

acquisition register

acquisition register /kw|

zʃ(ə)n redstə/ noun a list of allbooks and materials obtained by alibrary

Acrobat

Acrobat /krəυbt/ a trademark for

a file format developed by AdobeSystems, which describes a graphics,text and indexing system that allows thesame screen image or page layout file to

be displayed on different hardware

acronym

acronym /krənm/ noun a wordmade from the initial letters of otherwords, e.g DIANE Direct InformationAccess Network Europe

action shot

action shot /kʃən ʃɒt/ noun a stillphotograph showing an action takingplace

in a given period of time 쑗 She kept an

activity log of her daily tasks for one week.

Act of Parliament

Act of Parliament /kt əv

pɑləmənt/ noun in the UK, a decisionwhich has been approved by Parliamentand so becomes law (NOTE: The US

equivalent is Act of Congress.)

acute accent

acute accent /ə|kjut ksənt/

noun a mark usually over the letter e (é)

to show how it should be pronounced

ad 4

ad

ad 1 /d/ noun same as advertisement

ad

ad 2 abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Andorra

adapt

adapt /ə|dpt/ verb to change a

person or thing in order to make it

suit-able for a specific purpose 쑗 Has the

play been adapted for the cinema? 쑗

She adapted the story for TV.

adaptation

adaptation /dp|teʃ(ə)n/ noun a

film or play based on a story or novel

adapter

adapter /ə|dptə/ noun somebody

who adapts a literary work to another

format, e.g a novel to a play

added entry

added entry /dd entri/ noun a

secondary entry in an index or catalogue

addendum

addendum /ə|dendəm/ noun an

additional section at the end of a

docu-ment giving extra information (NOTE:

The plural is addenda.)

addition

addition /ə|dʃ(ə)n/ noun something

extra to what is already there 왍 in

addi-tion to something added 쑗 There is a

lending charge in addition to the

reser-vation fee.

address

address /ə|dres/ noun 1. details of

where somebody lives or where their

business premises are 2. a label, number

or name which locates where

informa-tion is stored쐽 verb to deal with

some-thing 쑗 He addressed the problem.

addressee

addressee /dre|si/ noun the

person to whom a letter, package or

communication is addressed

address harvester

address harvester /ə|dres

hɑvstə/ noun a computer program

that collects email addresses from the

Internet

adequate

adequate /dkwət/ adjective large

or good enough for the purpose

adherent

adherent /əd|hərənt/ noun

some-body who holds a particular belief or

view or supports a particular group

adhesive

adhesive /əd|hisv/ noun a

substance used to make things stick

together

adhesive binding

adhesive binding /əd|hisv

bandŋ/ noun a type of binding where

the folds of the signatures are trimmed,

and not sewn, the cover being glued to

the cut pages Also called perfect

binding

ad hoc

ad hoc /d hɒk/ adjective

unplanned or only organised to meet a

particular short-term unexpected tion

situa-adjacent

adjacent /ə|des(ə)nt/ adjective

next to or near to something

administration

administration /əd|mn|

streʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a group of peoplewho are responsible for the manage-ment of a company, institution orcountry 2. the range of activitiesconnected with management

Adobe

Adobe /ə|dəυbi/ a trade name for aleading producer of graphics anddesktop publishing software

adopt

adopt /ə|dɒpt/ verb to accept ideas,plans or attitudes and be willing to carrythem out

ADS

ADS abbreviation advertisementdelivery system

adult education

adult education /dlt edjυ|

keʃ(ə)n/ noun courses designed cially for adults outside the formalsystem of schooling

espe-adult literacy

adult literacy /dlt lt(ə)rəsi/

noun the level of reading and writingability in the adult population of acommunity

adult literacy programme

adult literacy programme /dlt

lt(ə)rəsi prəυ$rm/ noun aprogramme to teach adults to read andwrite

advance copy /əd|vɑns kɒpi/

noun a copy of a book sent to peoplesuch as reviewers and the author beforethe official publication date

advanced

advanced /əd|vɑnst/ adjective 1.

modern and developed from earlierversions 2. at a high level of study orachievement 쑗 courses for both begin-

ners and advanced students

advance information sheet

advance information sheet /əd|

vɑns nfə|meʃ(ə)n ʃit/ noun fullform of AI

5 ai

advance order

advance order /əd|vɑns ɔdə/

noun an order for goods or services to

be supplied at a later date

advertisement

advertisement /əd|vtsmənt/

noun a notice which shows that

some-thing is for sale or that a service is

offered or that someone wants

some-thing or that a job is vacant, etc 쑗 to put

an advertisement in the paper 쑗 to

answer an advertisement in the paper

advertisement delivery system

advertisement delivery system

/əd|vtsmənt d|lv(ə)ri sstəm/

noun a digital file format used in the

transmission of mono and colour

images Abbr ADS

advertisement file

advertisement file /əd|vtsmənt

fal/ noun a file of advertisements

arranged by the name of the product or

firm

advertisement page

vtsmənt ped/ noun a page facing

the title page of a book, which may have

a list of other works in the same series or

by the same author

advertising

advertising /dvətazŋ/ noun the

act of telling people about products or

events in order to make them want to

buy them or take part

advocacy

advocacy /dvəkəsi/ noun active

verbal support for and promotion of a

cause

aerial

aerial /eəriəl/ noun a device which

enables a radio or television to receive

signals

aero

aero in Internet addresses, the generic

top-level domain for the aviation

industry

af

af abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Afghanistan

affiliate

affiliate /ə|fliet/ verb to form a close

official link with an organisation

affirmative

affirmative /ə|fmətv/ adjective

meaning ‘yes’ or agreement or approval

afford

afford /ə|fɔd/ verb 1. to be able to

allow something to happen 쑗 We cannot

afford another argument. 2. to have

enough money to pay for something

AFNOR

AFNOR /fnɔ/ abbreviation

Associ-ation Française de NormalisAssoci-ation

A format paperback

A format paperback /e fɔmt

pepəbk/ noun a paperback with the

format 178 x 111mm

After Dark

After Dark /ɑftə dɑk/ noun a prime time database service of BRSallowing access to the database atcheaper rates at night

non-afterword

afterword /ɑftəwd/ noun a shortpiece of text placed at the end of a booksometimes used for a note about theauthor, especially if the author has diedsince the first printing of the book

ag

ag abbreviation in Internet addresses,the top-level domain for Antigua andBarbuda

agate line

agate line /$ət lan/ noun US ameasure of page space, e.g in classifiedadvertising, one column wide and 1.8

age of information

age of information /ed əv nfə|

meʃ(ə)n/ noun a description of theperiod in history during the second half

of the twentieth century whencomputers made information easilyaccessible to large numbers of people

aggregation services

aggregation services /$re|

$eʃ(ə)n svsz/ plural noun ices which allow information fromdifferent places (in digital form) to beavailable in one single place

serv-‘Google was today accused of stiflingthe media industry’s profits by with itsnews aggregation service A panel ofmedia executives speaking at theOnline Publishers Associationconference said that the search enginewas infringing on their audience andrevenues by aggregating headlinesand stories into its Google News

service.’ [The Guardian]

agreement

agreement /ə|$rimənt/ noun aformal document stating what two ormore people have decided together

Agricultural System for Storing and Subsequently Selecting Information

Agricultural System for Storing and Subsequently Selecting Information noun a software package

of particular use to employees in cultural information Abbr ASSASSIN

agri-ai

ai abbreviation in Internet addresses,the top-level domain for Anguilla

AI 6

AI

AI 1 noun a document which is put

together by a publishing company to

provide marketing information about a

book before publication Full form

advance information sheet

airmail /eəmel/ noun a system of

transporting letters and packages by air

airmail envelope

airmail envelope /eəmel

envələυp/ noun a lightweight

enve-lope usually of blue paper with a red,

white and blue striped edging, used for

sending letters by air to foreign

coun-tries

airport fiction

airport fiction /eəpɔt fkʃ(ə)n/

noun a type of fiction which sells well at

airports, generally because it is not

serious and is therefore easy to read on

a plane journey

al

al abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Albania

ALA

ALA abbreviation 1. Associate of the

Library Association 2. American

Library Association

album

album /lbəm/ noun a collection in

book form of short literary or musical

pieces or pictures

algorithm

algorithm /l$ərð(ə)m/ noun a

logical sequence of steps for solving a

problem, often written out as a flow

chart, that can be translated into a

computer program

alias

alias /eliəs/ noun 1. a name used

instead of a real name 쒁 allonym,

pseu-donym 2. a copy of a computer

applica-tion

align

align /ə|lan/ verb to place two objects

side by side in a line

alignment

alignment /ə|lanmənt/ noun the

ordering of lines of type relative to a

margin or line

allocate

allocate /ləket/ verb to give a

particular amount of money, goods or

tasks to somebody for a particular

purpose

allocation

allocation /lə|keʃ(ə)n/ noun the

specified amount of something allowed

for a particular purpose 쑗 All the staff

had an allocation of time for extra study.

allocation of funds

allocation of funds /ləkeʃ(ə)n

əv fndz/ noun how much money isgiven to each person or department for aspecific purpose

allonym

allonym /lənm/ noun a false nameoften used by authors 쒁 alias, pseu- donym

all over style

all over style /ɔl əυvə stal/ noun

a style of cover decoration which usesthe whole cover instead of just the front

allowance of money to buy children’s books.

all published

all published /ɔl pblʃt/ noun acatalogue entry to show that a series orperiodical run has not been completed

all rights reserved

all rights reserved /ɔl rats r|

zvd/ phrase printed on books anddocuments to show that they are subject

to copyright

allusion book

allusion book /ə|lu(ə)n bυk/

noun a collection of allusions or ences to a writer from other works

refer-almanac

almanac /ɔlmənk/ noun a book ofinformation, often in tables, aboutevents on particular days of the yearsuch as tides, new moons, times ofsunset and festivals

alphabet

alphabet /lfəbet/ noun a set ofletters or symbols in a fixed order usedfor writing the words of a language

alphabetical

alphabetical /lfə|betk(ə)l/ tive in the same order as the letters of thealphabet

adjec-alphabetical index

alphabetical index /lfəbetk(ə)l

ndeks/ noun an index where the itemsare listed in the order of the letters of thealphabet

alphabetically

alphabetically /lfə|betkli/

adverb in alphabetical order 쑗 The files

are arranged alphabetically under the customer’s name.

alphabetical order

alphabetical order /lfəbetk(ə)l

ɔdə/ noun arrangement according tothe usual order of letters in an alphabet

쑗 The authors’ names are given in

alphabetical order.

7 American Sign Language

alphabetise

alphabetise /lfəbetaz/,

alpha-betize verb to sort into alphabetical

order

alphanumeric

alphanumeric /lfənjυ|merk/,

alphanumerical adjective using a

combination of symbols made up of

Roman letters and Arabic numerals

including punctuation marks

alphanumeric data

alphanumeric data

/lfənjυmerk detə/ noun data

shown by the letters of the alphabet and

the Arabic numerals

alphanumeric indexing

alphanumeric indexing

/lfənjυmerk ndeksŋ/ noun a

system which uses both numbers and

letters

alpha pulp

alpha pulp /lfə plp/ noun wood

pulp with almost all the cellulose

removed

alphasort

alphasort /lfə|sɔt/ verb to sort

data into alphabetical order

alt

alt noun a type of newsgroup on the

Internet that contains discussions about

alternative subjects

alternate

alternate adjective /ɔl|tnət/

occur-ring regularly at one time and then

missing a time but occurring again the

next time 쑗 The library van comes on

alternate Tuesdays.쐽 verb /ɔltənet/

to cause things to happen alternately

alternative

alternative /ɔl|tnətv/ noun

some-thing that you can do instead of another

alternative curriculum

alternative curriculum /ɔl|

tnətv kə|rkjυləm/ noun in

England and Wales, any available

course of study that is not included in

the National Curriculum

alternative title

alternative title /ɔl|tnətv

tat(ə)l/ noun other title information,

also used to describe a subtitle

alumni list

alumni list /ə|lmna lst/ noun a list

of past members of an educational

insti-tution

always-on

always-on /ɔlwez ɒn/ adjective

relating to a home or business with

several computers and mobile phones,

in which Internet access is not restricted

to specific times

am

am abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Armenia

ambient

ambient /mbiənt/ adjective normal

background conditions 쑗 ambient

temperature

ambiguity

ambiguity /mb|$juti/ noun

confusion arising from double ings to words or writing

mean-ambiguous

ambiguous /m|b$juəs/ adjective

having a double meaning, possible tointerpret in more than one way

amend

amend /ə|mend/ verb to changesomething written or said

amendment

amendment /ə|mendmənt/ noun

something that is added to a written orverbal statement in order to change it

amendment record

amendment record /ə|mendmənt

rekɔd/ noun a record containing newinformation used to update a masterrecord or file

amenities

amenities /ə|mintiz/ plural noun

facilities provided for people’s ience or enjoyment

conven-American Booksellers’ Association

American Booksellers’ ation /ə|merkən bυkseləz ə|

Associ-səυsieʃ(ə)n/ noun an organisationrepresenting American booksellers,which sponsors an annual convention atwhich publishing companies havestands showing their new titles Abbr

ABA (NOTE: The bookfair sponsored bythe ABA, and formerly also called ‘theABA’ has changed its name toBookExpo America.)

American Library Association

American Library Association /ə|

merkən labrəri ə|səυsieʃ(ə)n/

noun the oldest and largest library ciation in the world for the support ofqualified librarians and informationworkers Abbr ALA

asso-American National Standards Institute

American National Standards Institute /ə|merkən nʃ(ə)nəl

stndədz nsttjut/ noun an isation issuing guidelines for produc-tion and distribution of goods and serv-ices in the USA Abbr ANSI

organ-American Publishers Association

American Publishers tion /ə|merkən pblʃəz ə|

Associa-səυsieʃ(ə)n/ noun an organisationwhich represents American publishers.Abbr APA

American Sign Language

American Sign Language /ə|

merkən san lŋ$wd/ noun asystem of communication used bypeople with impaired hearing that usesmotions or gestures of the hands Abbr

ASL

ampersand 8

ampersand

American Society for

Informa-tion Science /ə|merkən sə|saəti

fər nfə|meʃ(ə)n saəns/ noun a

professional support group for

informa-tion employees in the USA Abbr ASIS

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

American Standard Code for

Information Interchange /ə|

merkən stndəd kəυd fər

nfəmeʃ(ə)n ntətʃend/ noun a

computer code which represents

alpha-numeric characters as binary code Abbr

amplifier /mplfaə/ noun an

elec-tronic device for making signals sound

analects /nəlekts/ plural noun a

collection of miscellaneous writings

analogue

analogue /nəlɒ$/ adjective relating

to data in physical rather than numerical

form

analogy

analogy /ə|nlədi/ noun a way of

describing similarities between two

different things

analyse

analyse /nəlaz/ verb to examine a

situation in detail in order to understand

it better

analysis

analysis /ə|nləss/ noun the process

of examining something in detail

entri/ noun a catalogue entry for a part

of a book or periodical which refers to

the work containing it

ancestral file

ancestral file /n|sestrəl fal/ noun

a system of backing up computer files,

from son to father to grandfather file,

where the son is the current working file

anchor

anchor /ŋkə/ verb to hold firmly to

a solid base

ancillary

ancillary /n|sləri/ adjective

supporting the main structure

ancillary worker

ancillary worker /n|sləri wkə/

noun a person in an organisation whose

work supports the main aims of the

organisation

anecdotal

anecdotal /nk|dəυt(ə)l/ adjective

consisting of or based on second-hand

accounts rather than first-hand edge or scientific investigation

knowl-animate

animate /nmet/ verb to drawpictures for films which make cartooncharacters appear to move

animation

animation /n|meʃ(ə)n/ noun thetechnique of drawing or photographingsuccessive pictures to create the idea ofmovement

animator

animator /nmetə/ noun a personwho draws or photographs the picturesthat make up cartoons

annals

annals /n(ə)lz/ plural noun history

in general, as it is recorded in books andother documents

annexe

annexe noun /neks/ 1. an appendix,epilogue or other additional materialattached to a larger document 2 US asupplement to a specialised book쐽 verb

/ə|neks/ to attach something such as adocument

annotate

annotate /nətet/ verb to add notes

to something written in order to explain

annotated catalogue /nətetd

ktəlɒ$/ noun an alphabetical list ofitems with additional notes of explana-tion

annotated text

annotated text /nətetd tekst/

noun text with notes written by an editor

annotation

annotation /nə|teʃ(ə)n/ noun anote written to explain items in a text

annual

annual /njuəl/ adjective 1.

happening once a year 2. coming outonce a year 쐽 noun a book that ispublished and updated once a year

annually

annually /njuəli/ adverb each year

쑗 Our prices are raised annually on

March 1st.

annual publication

annual publication /njuəl pbl|

keʃ(ə)n/ noun a book, journal ordocument that is published once a year

annual review

annual review /njuəl r|vju/

noun an inspection that takes place once

a year

anon

anon /ənɒn/ abbreviation anonymous

9 Apple Mac

anonym

anonym /nənm/ noun a

publica-tion whose author is unnamed or

unknown

anonymiser

anonymiser /ə|nɒnmazə/,

anonymizer noun a website through

which a person browsing can visit the

World Wide Web without leaving any

trace of their identity

pi/ noun a type of Internet file transfer

in which no password is needed, used

by some organisations to make their file

archives publicly accessible

ANSI

ANSI /nsi/ abbreviation American

National Standards Institute

answerphone

answerphone /ɑnsəfəυn/, answer

machine noun a cassette recorder

attached to a telephone which relays a

pre-recorded message to callers and

records messages

anthologise

anthologise /n|θɒlədaz/,

anthologize verb 1. to gather works

from different writers, musicians or

artists into a collection 2. to compile or

publish an anthology

anthology

anthology /n|θɒlədi/ noun a book

that consists of essays, stories or poems

by different writers

anticipate

anticipate /n|tspet/ verb to

realise in advance that something is

going to happen and to prepare for it

Antiope

Antiope /n|taəpi/ noun a French

videotext system also known as Teletel

antiquarian

antiquarian /nt|kweəriən/

adjec-tive relating to or dealing with antiques

or antiquities, especially rare and old

books Abbr antiq.

antiquary

antiquary /n|tkwəri/ noun a

collector, scholar or seller of antiques or

antiquities

anti-setoff paper

anti-setoff paper /nti setɒf

pepə/ noun thin transparent paper put

between the pages of an expensive

illus-trated book

antonym

antonym /ntənm/ noun a word

which has the opposite meaning to

another word

anycast

anycast /enikɑst/ noun an act of

sending data across a computer network

from a single user to the nearest receiver

Apocrypha /ə|pɒkrfə/ plural noun

books of the Bible that are included inthe Vulgate and Septuagint versions ofthe Christian Bible, but not in the Prot-estant Bible or the Hebrew canon

because they were imaginative.’ [Irish

attractive-do with the book’s continuing appeal. 2.

a request for something to be ered

appendix /ə|pendks/ noun a section

at the end of a document giving extrainformation (NOTE: The plural is appen- dices /ə|pendsiz/ )

COMMENT: Appendices are always printed at the back of a book, always starting on a right-hand page They must

be laid out in a way which shows clearly that they are not part of the main text.

devel-of processors

applicant 10

applicant

applicant /plkənt/ noun a person

who formally asks to be considered for

a job

application

application /pl|keʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.

a written request for something 쑗 job

application 2. the use of a rule or piece

of equipment in a particular situation 쑗

Computer applications are electronic

packages which allow particular tasks

to be performed.

application form

application form /pl|keʃ(ə)n

fɔm/ noun a standardised form to be

filled in when applying for something

apply for

apply for /ə|pla fɔ/ verb to make a

formal, usually written, request for

appreciate /ə|priʃiet/ verb 1. to

understand and know what a situation

involves 2. to like something because

you recognise its good qualities 3. to

increase in value

appropriate

appropriate /ə|prəυpriət/ adjective

suitable or acceptable for a particular

situation

approve

approve /ə|pruv/ verb to agree to 쑗 to

approve the terms of a contract 왍 to

approve of to think something is good 쑗

They approved of the new signs for the

aq abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Antarctica

AR

AR abbreviation aspect ratio

Arabic

Arabic /rəbk/ adjective coming

from Arabia or from the Arabs

Arabic numerals

njumərəl/, Arabic numbers

/rəbk nmbəz/, Arabic figures

/rəbk f$əz/ plural noun normal

numbers (such as 1, 2, 3, etc.) as

opposed to Roman numerals (I, II, III,

IV, etc.) 쑗 the page numbers are written

in Arabic figures

arcane

arcane /ɑ|ken/ adjective requiring

secret knowledge to be understood

archetype

archetype /ɑktap/ noun a

docu-ment or book that illustrates the styles

of a particular time and subject

ARCHIE

ARCHIE /ɑtʃi/ noun retrieval ware which gives access to Internetdatabases

soft-architecture

architecture /ɑktektʃə/ noun theplanning and design of buildings orsystems

archival management

archival management /ɑkavəlmndmənt/ noun control ofarchives

archive

archive /ɑkav/ noun 1. a publicrecord, document or photograph ofhistorical interest kept in an officialrepository 2. a collection of documentsand records relating to the history of anorganisation 쐽 verb to put data instorage

archive file

archive file /ɑkav fal/ noun a filecontaining data which is out of date, butwhich is kept for future reference

archive library

archive library /ɑkav labrəri/

noun a library which stores and makesaccessible historical materials

‘The relevant portions of the digitalcontent identified by the editor will beretrieved from the data archive library,automatically transcoded orreformatted as necessary anddelivered directly into the nonlinearediting system The labourefficiencies gained and vast creativitybenefits of a digital archivemanagement system are obvious.’

argument

argument /ɑ$jυmənt/ noun 1. adisagreement between two or morepeople 2. a set of reasons used to try toconvince people

arrange

arrange /ə|rend/ verb to put thingsinto a correct or desired order

arrangement

arrangement /ə|rendmənt/ noun

something that has been planned,agreed or put into order

array

array /ə|re/ noun a set of numbers orsymbols, e.g experimental data, usuallyarranged in a specific order

art book

art book /ɑt bυk/ noun a book withillustrations, dealing with a painter,

11 assign

sculptor, style of design or other art

topic

article

article /ɑtk(ə)l/ noun 1. a piece of

writing in a newspaper or magazine 2. a

message sent to an electronic

noun the way in which information is

presented so that the user can easily

access and understand it

artificial indexing language

artificial indexing language

/ɑtfʃ(ə)l ndeksŋ lŋ$wd/

noun signs and symbols used as a

controlled language in inverted order

for subject indexing

artificial intelligence

artificial intelligence /ɑtfʃ(ə)l

n|teldəns/ noun the design and

development of computers which

attempt to imitate some human

artistic map /ɑ|tstk mp/ noun a

map made by an artist rather than a map

maker

artwork

artwork /ɑtwk/ noun drawings,

photographs and text prepared for

inclu-sion in a book or advertisement Abbr

a/w

as

as abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for American

Samoa

ascender

ascender /ə|sendə/ noun 1. the part

of a lower case letter such as h, d or b

that projects above the body of the letter

2. a lower case letter with an ascender

ascending order

ascending order /ə|sendŋ ɔdə/

noun a method of organising things so

that each item is bigger than the one

before it or comes later in the system 쑗

The list was arranged in ascending

order from A to Z.

ASCII

ASCII /ski/ abbreviation American

Standard Code for Information

Inter-change

ASCII character

ASCII character /ski krktə/

noun a character which is in the ASCIIlist of codes

ASCII file

ASCII file /ski fal/ noun a storedfile containing only ASCII coded char-acter data 쑗 Make an ASCII file of the

document for clients who use different word-processing software.

aspect ratio /spekt reʃiəυ/ noun

the ratio of the width to the height of anillustration, used especially in computergraphics Abbr AR

KM is to survive and make a lasting contribution, it will need toachieve greater levels ofstandardization and better metrics to

long-assess its effectiveness.’ [Journal of

American Academy of Business]

assessed work

assessed work /ə|sest wk/ noun

assignments that have been judged aspart of a course of training

assign

assign /ə|san/ verb to allocate a task

to a person or send somebody to work in

a particular place

assignment 12

assignment

assignment /ə|sanmənt/ noun a

task often given as part of a programme

of study

assimilate

assimilate /ə|smlet/ verb to learn

and make use of something

assimilation

assimilation /ə|sm|leʃ(ə)n/ noun

the absorption of ideas or people 쑗 The

assimilation of immigrants by the host

culture is a long process.

assist

assist /ə|sst/ verb to help somebody,

e.g by giving them information

assistant

assistant /ə|sst(ə)nt/ noun

some-body who is employed to help another

in their work

assistant librarian

assistant librarian /ə|sst(ə)nt la|

breəriən/ noun somebody who is

qual-ified as a librarian and usually works

with a more senior person

associate

associate noun /ə|səυsiət/

some-body you work with 쐽 verb /ə|səυsiet/

to connect something with another

having a similar background

association

association /ə|səυsi|eʃ(ə)n/ noun

1. a group of people or of companies

with the same interest 쑗 a book trade

association 쑗 a printers’ association 2.

a relationship between two or more

topics or concepts

association copy

association copy /ə|səυsi|eʃ(ə)n

kɒpi/ noun a copy of a book which has

a connection with the author, e.g a copy

given by the author to a friend or the

author’s own copy with his or her notes

in it

Association Française de Normalisation

Association Française de

Normalisation /|sɒsisiɒn frɒn|

ses də nɔmli|zsiɒn/ noun a

French official body responsible for

issuing standards Abbr AFNOR

Association of Information Management

Association of Information

Management /ə|səυsieʃ(ə)n əv

nfə|meʃ(ə)n mndmənt/ noun a

body which gives advice and guidelines

on the management of information

within companies, and publishes

ASLIB Information, ASLIB

Proceed-ings and Journal of Documentation

Abbr ASLIB

assume

assume /ə|sjum/ verb to accept the

truth of something or to take something

on 쑗 He assumed responsibility for the

asterism

asterism /strz(ə)m/ noun atriangle formed of three asterisks whichcalls the reader’s attention to afollowing passage

asymmetrical digital subscriber line

asymmetrical digital subscriber line /smetrk(ə)l ddt(ə)l səb|

skrabə lan/ noun a high-speed phone line that can transmit voice andvideo data over copper wires Abbr

tele-ADSL

asynchronous transfer mode

asynchronous transfer mode /e|

sŋkrənəs trnsf məυd/ noun amethod for transferring data veryquickly using broadband Abbr ATM

attach /ə|ttʃ/ verb to fasten on 쑗 She

asked them to attach the documents for her information 왍 to be attached to to

be working with a company or personfor a short time

attachment

attachment /ə|ttʃmənt/ noun acomputer file that is transferred togetherwith an electronic mail message

attend

attend /ə|tend/ verb to go to 쑗 to

attend a meeting 왍 to attend to to deal

some-attention span

attention span /ə|tenʃən spn/

noun the length of time that a person isable to give undivided attention tosomething

13 authoring

attribute

attribute /ə|trbjut/ verb to say that

somebody did something 쑗 to attribute

a piece of writing to a particular person

attributed author

attributed author /ə|trbjutd

ɔθə/ noun the name of a possible

author when there is doubt about

authenticity

au

au abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Australia

audience

audience /ɔdiəns/ noun a group of

people gathered together to watch or

listen to something

audio

audio /ɔdiəυ/ adjective relating to

material which can be heard

audio book

audio book /ɔdiəυ bυk/ noun a

book in spoken form recorded on a

cassette or CD

audio conference

audio conference /ɔdiəυ

kɒnf(ə)rəns/ noun a meeting that is

held with the use of several linked

tele-phones to connect the people who want

to talk together

audio media

audio media /ɔdiəυ midiə/ noun

communication tools which use sound

only, such as radio

audio tape

audio tape /ɔdiəυ tep/ noun a tape

which is used to record and play back

sounds for listening to

audiovisual

audiovisual /ɔdiəυ vuəl/

adjec-tive 1. relating to sound and vision,

especially when combined, e.g in a

presentation using both film and sound

recordings 쑗 audiovisual media 2.

relating to hearing and seeing 쑗 an

audi-ovisual experience Abbr AV

audiovisual aid

audiovisual aid /ɔdiəυvuəl ed/

noun a teaching or lecture aid that

combines sound and vision, e.g in the

form of video equipment, software

programs or slides accompanied by

sound recordings

audiovisual materials

audiovisual materials

/ɔdiəυvuəl mə|təriəlz/ plural

noun materials that can be listened to

and looked at, such as CDs or slides

with recorded speech

audit

audit /ɔdt/ verb to examine

some-thing officially to make sure it is correct

Audit Commission

Audit Commission /ɔdt kə|

mʃ(ə)n/ noun a government body

which ensures that financial affairs are

conducted according to approved

stand-ards, and examines the accounts of

government departments and localgovernment organisations

audit trail

audit trail /ɔdt trel/ noun 1. arecord of all interactions with a system,kept to assess the level of use 2. a recordshowing what operations a computer orcomputer user has performed in aspecific period of time

aural

aural /ɔrəl/ adjective relating tohearing

aural materials

aural materials /ɔrəl mə|təriəlz/

plural noun materials that can belistened to, such as CDs

aural test

aural test /ɔrəl test/ noun a test of

an individual’s ability to listen andunderstand

Australian Society of Indexers

Australian Society of Indexers

/ɒ|streliən sə|saəti əv ndeksəz/

noun a professional support group forprofessional indexers in Australasia.Abbr ASI

authentic

authentic /ɔ|θentk/ adjective

known to be real and not a copy

authentication

authentication /ɔ|θent|keʃ(ə)n/

noun a security measure using dataencryption that identifies the user andverifies that the message was nottampered with

authored by a college professor. 2. tocreate a multimedia presentation orapplication by combining text, video,sound and images using a programminglanguage or special multimediaauthoring system

author catalogue

author catalogue /ɔθə ktəlɒ$/, author index /ɔθər ndeks/ noun acatalogue which is organised according

to an alphabetical list of writers’surnames

author entry

author entry /ɔθər entri/ noun acatalogue entry under the name of theperson or organisation responsible forwriting or compiling a work

authoring

authoring /ɔθərŋ/ noun the act ofcreating a multimedia application bycombining sound, video and images,usually using a script or authoring soft-ware

authoring software 14

authoring software

authoring software /ɔθərŋ

sɒftweə/ noun software that allows

users to add their own text and to link

text, pictures and sound within a given

framework

authorise

authorise /ɔθəraz/, authorize verb

to give official permission for

some-thing to be done

Authorised Version

Authorised Version /ɔθərazd

v(ə)n/ noun an English translation

of the Bible made in England in 1611

AD Also called King James Bible

authority control /ɔ|θɒrti kən|

trəυl/ noun a list of headings used in a

retrieval system

‘In addition, the ability to reassign

records from one authority control

heading to another [in the Open Q

electronic library system] will aid in

correcting the inconsistent author

headings.’ [Computers in Libraries]

authority file

authority file /ɔ|θɒrti fal/ noun a

list of authoritative forms to be used in

bibliographic records

author’s alterations

author’s alterations /ɔθəz ɔltə|

reʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun same as

author’s corrections Abbr AA

author’s corrections

author’s corrections plural noun a

change to proofs which is made by an

author, and which is charged to the

author if too many are made Also

called author’s alterations Abbr AC

autobiography

autobiography /ɔtəυba|ɒ$rəfi/

noun an account of a person’s life

written by that person

autograph /ɔtə$rɑf/ noun the

signature of somebody famous 쐽 verb to

sign a copy of the book 쑗 He gave an

autographed copy of his novel to the

library.

auto-indexing

auto-indexing /ɔtəυ ndeksŋ/

noun the process of automatic indexing

using a computer program

automate

automate /ɔtəmet/ verb to use

machines to do work previously done

automatic data processing

automatic data processing

/ɔtəmtk detə prəυsesŋ/ noun

data processing done by a computer

automatic indexing

automatic indexing /ɔtəmtk

ndeksŋ/ noun using a computer tocompile an index to a document byselecting specific words or items in thetext

automation

automation /ɔtə|meʃ(ə)n/ noun

the use of machines to do work withvery little supervision

autonomy

autonomy /ɔ|tɒnəmi/ noun theopportunity to make one’s own deci-sions without being told what to do bysomebody else

auxiliary

auxiliary /ɔ$|zliəri/ adjective used

to describe a person or a machine whichhelps a more important worker

auxiliary language

auxiliary language /ɔ$|zliəri

ln$wd/ noun a language that isused by speakers of other languages inorder to communicate

auxiliary number

auxiliary number /ɔ$|zliəri

nmbə/ noun an additional numberplaced after the class number to allowmaterials to be further grouped intosubgroups

AV

AV abbreviation MEDIA audiovisual

availability

availability /ə|velə|blti/ noun

being able to be obtained, used or seen

쑗 The new books were given limited

availability of one week per person, so that more people could read them.

available

available /ə|veləb(ə)l/ adjective

ready to be used 쑗 available time or

award to help you to study 쐽 verb to give

a prize or financial grant

awarding body

awarding body /ə|wɔdŋ bɒdi/

noun an organisation which gives aprize or scholarship

awareness

awareness /ə|weənəs/ noun

knowing about things

axis

axis /kss/ noun a fixed line againstwhich other positions can be measured,

15 az

e.g the vertical and horizontal axes on a

graph (NOTE: The plural is axes.)

az

az abbreviation in Internet addresses,the top-level domain for Azerbaijan

bachelor’s degree

bachelor’s degree /btʃələz d|

$ri/ noun a degree awarded on the

successful completion of an

undergrad-uate course at a college or university

and, at some universities, on completion

of a usually short postgraduate course

back

back /bk/ noun the part of a book

where the pages are glued or stitched to

the binding 쐽 adjective published or

issued at an earlier date

back board

back board /bk bɔd/ noun the

board which forms the back of a book

noun the complete collection of

record-ings, films or books made by an artist or

a company to date

back copy

back copy /bk kɒpi/ noun a copy

of an old issue of a newspaper or

maga-zine

back cover

back cover /bk kvə/ noun the

cover at the back of a book or magazine,

which can have publicity matter or

details of the author

backdate

backdate /bk|det/ verb to make

effective from an earlier date than the

current one

backdated

backdated /bk|detd/ adjective

with the date written earlier than the

current day’s date

back flap

back flap /bk flp/, back jacket

flap /bk dkt flp/ noun a flap

on a book jacket which is folded inside

the back cover

background

background /bk$raυnd/ noun 1.

the context of a situation, which helps to

explain it 2. scenery behind the main

people and objects in a picture or

photo-graph

background colour

background colour /bk$raυnd

klə/ noun the colour of a computerscreen display, with characters andgraphics displayed in a different fore-ground colour

background printing

background printing /bk$raυnd

prntŋ/ noun printing from acomputer while it is processing anothertask

background processing

background processing

/bk$raυnd prəυsesŋ/ noun tion of computer tasks that continueswhile the user is working with anotherapplication Once started, backgroundtasks such as printing or copying datatake place without user input

execu-backing

backing /bkŋ/ noun money orsupport given to a person or an organi-sation for a particular project

back issue

back issue /bk ʃu/ noun US

same as back number

back lining

back lining /bk lanŋ/ noun apiece of thin cloth or paper glued to thesewn spine of a book before the cover isattached

backlist

backlist /bklst/ noun the range ofbooks already published by a publisherthat are still in print

backlog

backlog /bklɒ$/ noun work waiting

to be done and causing delays

back matter

back matter /bk mtə/ noun theparts of a book that appear after themain text, e.g the index or an appendix

back number

back number /bk nmbə/ noun

an edition of a magazine, newspaper orother document which is not the mostrecent edition

back order

back order /bk ɔdə/ noun anuncompleted order which is held back

17 basic stock

for delivery when stock becomes

avail-able

backslash

backslash /bkslʃ/ noun a

punc-tuation mark 쑗 \These words are

between backslashes.\

back title

back title /bk tat(ə)l/ noun the

title on the spine or back of a book

back up

back up /bk p/ verb to make a

copy of computer data to keep in case

anything goes wrong with the original

backup

backup /bkp/ adjective assistance

쑗 We offer an after sales backup service.

쐽 noun a duplicate copy of a file on a

computer

backup procedure

backup procedure /bkp prə|

sidə/ noun a method of making

backup copies of files

backwards compatible

backwards compatible

/bkwədz kəm|ptəb(ə)l/ adjective

relating to a computer hardware or

soft-ware product that is compatible with its

predecessors to the extent that it can use

interfaces and data from earlier versions

bail

bail /bel/ noun a hinged bar on a

type-writer or printer that holds the paper

steady

.BAK

.BAK, bak suffix an extension to a

filename, indicating a backup version of

a file

balance

balance /bləns/ verb a financial

term meaning to keep expenditure equal

to income 쐽 noun 1 the positioning of

text and graphics on a page in an

attrac-tive way 2. 왍 in the balance not yet

decided 왍 on balance phrase used to

show that you are giving a considered

opinion

bandwidth

bandwidth /bndwdθ/ noun the

capacity, often measured in bits per

second, of a communication channel,

e.g a connection to the Internet

bang

bang /bŋ/ noun US in typesetting,

the character !

bank

bank /bŋk/ noun somewhere to store

things ready for use쐽 verb왍 to bank on

to rely on something happening

bankrupt

bankrupt /bŋkrpt/ adjective not

having enough money to pay one’s

debts

bank sort code

bank sort code /bŋk sɔt kəυd/

noun a set of numbers printed on

cheques which identifies a particular

banner headline /bnə hedlan/

noun an extra large newspaper headline

BAPLA

BAPLA /bplə/ abbreviation BritishAssociation of Picture Libraries andAgencies

bar

bar /bɑ/ noun a thick band of colour 쐽

verb to prevent somebody from doingsomething or going somewhere

bar chart

bar chart /bɑ tʃɑt/ noun a graph inwhich the data is represented by hori-zontal or vertical bars

barcode

barcode /bɑkəυd/ noun a line ofprinted stripes of different thicknessrepresenting a numeric code which can

be read electronically

COMMENT: Barcodes are found on most goods and their packages The width and position of the stripes is sensed by a light pen or optical wand and provides information about the goods, such as price, stock quantity, etc The main type

of bar code used in Europe is the European Article Number (EAN) or the Universal Product Code (UPC) Barcodes are used on the backs of books, giving their ISBN number, and so helping the computerised stock control in bookshops.

base /bes/ verb 왍 to base on to

develop an idea from the foundations of

a previous idea

baseline

baseline /beslan/ noun the dataused as a reference with which tocompare future observations or results

Basic Curriculum /besk kə|

rkjələm/ noun in schools in Englandand Wales, the National Curriculumplus religious education

basic stock

basic stock /besk stɒk/ noun

standard titles which are considerednecessary to form the core of an author-itative book stock Also called core stock

basis 18

basis

basis /bess/ noun the foundation or

reason for something

bastard size

bastard size /bɑstəd saz/ noun an

odd non-standard size of paper

.BAT

.BAT, bat suffix an extension to a

filename, showing that the file is a batch

file

batch

batch /btʃ/ noun a group of things

which are made or dealt with all at one

batch file /btʃ fal/ noun a

combi-nation of computer files which are

treated as one unit

batch number

batch number /btʃ nmbə/ noun

a number used to identify a particular

group

batch processing

prəυsesŋ/ noun a mode of computer

operation in which programs are

executed without the user being able to

influence processing while it is in

progress

‘First things first, however Repcol

needs to upgrade its in-house

collections system, and build a live

link between collections and

financials Repcol runs the collections

system on an Informix database, but

uses a separate Oracle financials

system running on Linux, batch

processing transactions.’ [The

Australian]

batch system

batch system /btʃ sstəm/ noun

a way of dealing with tasks in groups

batter

batter /btə/ noun a defective

impression produced by a faulty

printing plate

battery

battery /bt(ə)ri/ noun a large

number of things or people

bay

bay /be/ noun a space or area used for

a particular purpose 쑗 a book bay in a

library

bb

bb abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Barbados

full form of BASIC

BEI

BEI abbreviation British EducationIndex

benchmark

benchmark /bentʃmɑk/ noun

something of accepted quality which isused to provide a standard for compar-ison

beneficial

beneficial /ben|fʃ(ə)l/ adjective

providing advantage or benefit

Berne Convention

Berne Convention /bn kən|

venʃ(ə)n/ noun the internationalagreement on copyright, signed inBerne in 1886 쒁 convention

COMMENT: Under the Berne Convention , any book which is copyrighted in a country which has signed the convention

is automatically copyrighted in the other countries Some countries (notably the USA) did not sign the Convention, and the UCC (Universal Copyright Convention) was signed in Geneva in

1952, under the auspices of the United Nations, to try to bring together all countries under a uniform copyright agreement.

bestseller

bestseller /best|selə/ noun 1. apopular book of which a very largenumber of copies are sold 2. an authorwho writes bestsellers

bestselling

bestselling /best|selŋ/ adjective 1.

far more popular and successful thanother products on sale at the same time

2. making products that are cially very successful 쑗 a bestselling

commer-author

bf

bf abbreviation PRINTING boldface

B format paperback

B format paperback /bi fɔmt

pepəbk/ noun a paperback with theformat 198 x 129mm

19 binding

bi

bi abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Burundi

biannually

biannually /ba|njuəli/ adverb

issued every two years

bias

bias /baəs/ noun an unfair judgement

influenced by opinions rather than facts

biased

biased /baəst/ adjective holding

views based on opinions rather than

facts

bias phrase

bias phrase /baəs frez/ noun in

classification, the name of a specific

group for whom a work is intended

biblio

biblio /bbliəυ/ noun bibliographic

details printed on the back of the title

noun information about a book such as

the name of the author, number of pages

and ISBN, which is used for library

cataloguing

bibliographic control

bibliographic control

/bbliə$rfk kən|trəυl/ noun the

creation and management of

biblio-graphic records and the system which

enables users to access them

‘This practical volume addresses the

ways a library can manage electronic

collections The goal is to provide an

overview of management concerns

and issues regarding bibliographic

control in an online environment and

to suggest tools that are available.’

[Booklist]

bibliographic database

bibliographic database

/bbliə$rfk detəbes/ noun a

database containing bibliographic

infor-mation, designed to locate specific

items

bibliographic details

bibliographic details

/bbliə$rfk ditelz/ plural noun

information about a publication, often

printed on the back of the title page,

which enables it to be identified, e.g

date of publication and ISBN

bibliographic entry

bibliographic entry /bbliə$rfk

entri/ noun details of written material,

set out in a list for reference

bibliography

bibliography /bbli|ɒ$rəfi/ noun 1.

a list of books and other written

mate-rials on one particular subject 2. a list of

books or articles referred to in anotherbook or article

bibliomania

bibliomania /bbliəυ|meniə/ noun

an obsession with collecting books

bibliophile

bibliophile /bbliəfal/ noun aperson who loves books, especiallysomebody who collects old, rare orbeautiful books 쑗 The book has been

published as a limited edition for ophiles.

bibli-bifurcate classification

bifurcate classification /ba|

fket klsf|keʃ(ə)n/ noun asystem of classification based onbranching positive and negative pairs

bilingual text /ba|lŋ$wəl tekst/

noun text which is given in twolanguages, usually with the texts onfacing pages

billion

billion /bljən/ noun 1. in the UK, amillion million 2. in the US, a thousandmillion

bimonthly

bimonthly /ba|mnθli/ adjective

issued or published every two months

binary

binary /banəri/ adjective relating to

a numerical system using only the digits

0 and 1, used especially in computing

binary search

binary search /banəri stʃ/ noun

a system of searching by repeatedlyrejecting one of a pair until the requireditem is found

binary system

binary system /banəri sstəm/

noun a number system based on twodigits only, usually 1 and 0

bind

bind /band/ verb to join the pages of abook together and enclose them in acover (NOTE: binding – bound)

binder

binder /bandə/ noun a person orcompany that specialises in bindingbooks

bindery

bindery /bandəri/ noun a factorywhere books are bound

binding

binding /bandŋ/ noun 1. the cover

of a book 2. the act of putting a cover on

binding record 20

a book쐽 adjective demanding an

obli-gation 쑗 The contract was binding in

law.

binding record

binding record /bandŋ rekɔd/

noun a record of all books sent to the

binder

bio

bio /baəυ/ noun a biographical work

biodata

biodata /baəυdetə/ noun

informa-tion relating to a particular person and

his or her financial, professional or

educational history, stored in a database

and used, e.g in banking, job recruiting

and marketing

biographee

biographee /baɒ$rə|fi/ noun

somebody whose life is described in a

biography

biographical details

biographical details

/baə$rfk(ə)l ditelz/ plural noun

information about the main events in

somebody’s life

biography

biography /ba|ɒ$rəfi/ noun an

account of somebody’s life and work

written by another person

bioinformatics

bioinformatics /baəυ|nfə|

mtks/ noun the use of computers to

extract and analyse biological data,

especially in studying DNA

bit map /btmp/, bitmp noun a file

format for storing images in which data

in the file represents the value of each

pixel

bitmapped font

bitmapped font /btmpt fɒnt/

noun a screen or printer font with

char-acters formed as a pattern of pixels or

dots

bitmapped graphics

bitmapped graphics /btmpt

$rfks/ plural noun images whose

individual pixels can be controlled by

changing the value of the stored bits

BITNET

BITNET /btnet/ noun a network

used to connect mostly academic sites

and computers and allows transfer of

electronic mail and listserver

applica-tion

biweekly

biweekly /ba|wikli/ noun a

publica-tion that appears every two weeks

biz

biz abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the generic top-level domain for

to a phototypesetter

black list

black list /blk lst/ noun a list ofcompanies, countries or people who arebanned from trading or using goods orservices 쐽 verb to make a list of untrust-worthy people or organisations

with-BLAISE

BLAISE /blez/ abbreviation BritishLibrary Automated Information Service

BLAISE Records

BLAISE Records /blez rekɔdz/

plural noun online machine-readablerecords from the MARC database foruse on automated catalogues

blank

blank /blŋk/ noun an empty space in

a form 쐽 adjective empty or withnothing on it 쑗 a blank tape 쑗 a blank

piece of paper

blank cheque

blank cheque /blŋk tʃek/ noun 1.

a bank cheque with the amount ofmoney to be filled in by the recipient 2.

the authority to do whatever youconsider to be right

blanket order /blŋkt ɔdə/ noun

an order with several different items

blast freeze

blast freeze /blɑst friz/ verb toreduce the temperature to belowfreezing using very cold air, sometimesused as a method for conserving wetpaper

of the trimmed page 쑗 The double-page

spreads are all bleeds. 2. overtrimmedmargins when binding, cutting off theedge of the type쐽 verb to print some-thing, or be printed, so that part of it iscut off by the edge of the page

blind

blind /bland/ adjective done withoutpreparation or the relevant information

21 boilerplate

blind carbon copy

blind carbon copy /bland

kɑbən kɒpi/ noun a feature of many

electronic mail programs that allows a

user to send one message to several

users at a time (a carbon copy) but does

not display this list to the recipients

Abbr bcc

blind reference

ref(ə)rəns/ noun a reference in a

cata-logue or index to a heading which has

no entry

block capital

block capital /blɒk kpt(ə)l/

noun an upper case letter, e.g A, B, C,

as opposed to lower case a, b, c

block letter

block letter /blɒk letə/ noun a

compressed sans serif typeface or

indi-vidual letter

block letter style

block letter style /blɒk letə stal/

noun a style of writing using only

capital letters

block markers

block markers /blɒk mɑkəz/

plural noun two markers inserted at the

start and finish of a section of data to

indicate a special block which can then

be moved or deleted or copied as a

single unit

blog

blog /blɒ$/ noun ONLINE same as

weblog 쐽 verb to create or run a weblog

‘Employees are no different to

customers They are besieged by

information from an increasing

number of sources It places a greater

imperative on management to engage

with staff first In a world of blogs and

RSS feeds, communications heads

increasingly need to make instant

decisions based on the speed at which

news travels.’ [PR Week]

blogger

blogger /blɒ$ə/ noun a person who

creates or runs a weblog

blogosphere

blogosphere /blɒ$ə|sfə/ noun the

World Wide Web environment in which

bloggers communicate with each other

blogware

blogware /blɒ$weə/ noun computer

software tools for creating a weblog

blow up

blow up /bləυ p/ verb to enlarge a

photograph

blowup

blowup /bləυ|p/ noun a photograph

or illustration greatly enlarged for

exhi-bition purposes

BLR&DD

BLR&DD abbreviation British Library

Research & Development Department

blue-pencil

blue-pencil /blu pensl/ verb toedit a piece of writing by marking it, inorder to shorten, censor or delete it

blueprint

blueprint /bluprnt/ noun 1. aphotographic copy of constructionplans usually printed in white on bluepaper 2. a detailed plan of something

blurb

blurb /blb/ noun a short piece ofwriting that praises and promotes some-thing, especially a paragraph on thecover of a book

across the board decision or action

which affects everyone in a particulargroup

board meeting

board meeting /bɔd mitŋ/ noun

a meeting of the directors to discusscompany business

body

body /bɒdi/ noun 1. an official group

of people 2. the main part of the text in

boilerplate /bɔləplet/ noun US

fixed or formulaic language such as thatused in legal forms and documents, e.g.powers of attorney and authors’contracts

bold 22

bold

bold /bəυld/ adjective having darker,

thicker lines than standard type, fonts or

lettering쐽 noun type, fonts or lettering

with darker, thicker lines than is

standard, used for emphasis쐽 verb to

set, print, or display text in bold type

boldface

boldface /bəυldfes/ adjective,

noun, verb PRINTING same as bold Abbr

bf

bold type

bold type /bəυld tap/, bold face

/bəυld fes/ noun same as bold

book

book /bυk/ noun a collection of pages

containing text and sometimes pictures,

bound together inside a cover

Book Aid International

Book Aid International /bυk ed

ntə|nʃ(ə)nəl/ noun a service which

collects unwanted books from

individ-uals and institutions and sends them

abroad to help fight illiteracy, and also

encourages local publishing

book bay

book bay /bυk be/ noun an area in a

library surrounded by bookshelves

bookbinder

bookbinder /bυk|bandə/ noun

somebody who binds books, especially

as a profession

bookbinding

bookbinding /bυk|bandŋ/ noun

the art of binding books

book bus

book bus /bυk bs/ noun a bus

converted to act as a mobile library

usually in residential areas

bookcase

bookcase /bυkkes/ noun a piece of

furniture with shelves for books

book cloth

book cloth /bυk klɒθ/ noun a

covering material for cased books,

espe-cially library editions

book club

book club /bυk klb/ noun a system

of buying and selling books by post,

usually on specialist subjects

book club edition

book club edition /bυk klb |

dʃ(ə)n/ noun an edition of a book

specially printed and bound for a book

club for sale to its members

book cover

book cover /bυk kvə/ noun a

paper cover which is put on a book to

protect it or to make it attractive Also

called book jacket, book wrapper

book design

book design /bυk d|zan/ noun the

design of a book, both the typography

and the page layout

book designer

book designer /bυk d|zanə/ noun

a person who designs books

book distribution

dstrbjuʃ(ə)n/ noun a system of

delivering books to institutions orpeople

book donation

book donation /bυk dəυ|neʃ(ə)n/

noun a book given to an organisation as

a gift

bookend

bookend /bυkend/ noun one of apair of supports used to keep a row ofbooks upright

BookExpo America

BookExpo America /bυkekspəυ ə|

merkə/ noun a book fair held inChicago in May/June, formerly calledthe ‘ABA’

COMMENT: The major international fairs are held all year round The most important are the London Book Fair (April); the Bologna Book Fair (April/May); the Paris Salon du Livre (May); the BookExpo America (May/June); the Moscow Book Fair (September); the Frankfurt Book Fair (October) There are many other book fairs in various countries; and many specialised fairs as well Book fairs have existed as meetings for trade since books were invented: the Frankfurt Book Fair existed even in the later Middle Ages Originally they were places where merchants could buy and sell manuscripts; they have always had an international element, and even the earliest book fairs were patronised by dealers from various countries in Europe Book fairs can now be divided into two main categories: (a) rights fairs (like the Frankfurt Book Fair, or the London Book Fair), where publishers sell rights in books to publishers from other countries, and also meet agents and representatives; and (b) selling fairs (such as the Geneva Book Fair) where books can be sold to the visitors from the stands

book jacket /bυk dkt/ noun

same as book cover

bookkeeping

bookkeeping /bυkkipŋ/ noun theactivity of keeping records of theincome and expenditure of an organisa-tion or company

23 boost

book learning

book learning /bυk lnŋ/ noun

knowledge obtained from books instead

of from experience

booklet

booklet /bυklət/ noun a small book

with a paper cover, often used for

infor-mation

book list

book list /bυk lst/ noun a list of

books on a specific subject or by a

particular author

booklore

booklore /bυklɔ/ noun information

about books, especially their authors

and the circumstances of their

publica-tion

booklouse

booklouse /bυklaυs/ noun a small

wingless insect that destroys books by

feeding on the paste used in the binding

(NOTE: The plural is booklice.)

bookmaker

bookmaker /bυkmekə/ noun a

book designer, printer or binder

bookmark

bookmark /bυkmɑk/ noun 1. a

narrow strip of material or paper used to

mark the place in a book where the

reader has stopped reading temporarily

2. a code used by a multimedia title or

web browser that allows the user to go

back to the same point again in the

future

book market

book market /bυk mɑkt/ noun

the number of potential buyers for

books

bookmobile

bookmobile /bυkmə|bil/ noun US

a large motor vehicle equipped as a

small lending library, used for taking

books to people, especially in rural

areas

book paper

book paper /bυk pepə/ noun

special paper used for printing books

book plate

book plate /bυk plet/ noun a

deco-rated piece of paper stuck in the front of

the book with the name of the owner

written or printed on it

book review

book review /bυk r|vju/ noun

crit-ical comments on a book, especially

when it is first published

bookseller

bookseller /bυkselə/ noun a person

or company that sells books

bookshelf

bookshelf /bυkʃelf/ noun a

hori-zontal piece of wood or metal used to

store books (NOTE: The plural is

book-shelves.)

bookshop

bookshop /bυkʃɒp/ noun a shop

which specialises in selling books

bookstore /bυkstɔ/ noun 1. a space

in a library devoted to storage of booksand documents not frequently used 2.

US same as bookshop

book token

book token /bυk təυkən/ noun acard bought to give as a gift which canonly be used to buy books

‘Cardiff is a city of bookworms,compared to its Europeancounterparts Each resident takes out

an average of seven books a year[from the library] – above theEuropean average – but not a patch onLjubljana in Slovenia, where the

figure is 21 books a year.’ [South

Wales Echo]

book wrapper

book wrapper /bυk rpə/ noun

same as book cover

Boolean

Boolean /buliən/ adjective using asystem of symbolic logic that usescombinations of logical operators such

as ‘AND’, ‘OR’ and ‘NOT’ to mine relationships between entities.Boolean operations are extensively used

deter-in writdeter-ing computer programs and deter-incomputer searches using keywords

Boolean logic

Boolean logic /buliən lɒdk/

noun rules set down to simplify logicalfunctions in searching

Boolean operator

Boolean operator /buliən

ɒpəretə/ noun a connecting word orsymbol that allows a computer user toinclude or exclude items in a textsearch, e.g ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘not’

boost

boost /bust/ verb to increase thing 쑗 to boost the market for books

some-bootleg 24

bootleg

bootleg /butle$/ adjective

some-thing which is imported or sold illegally

boot up

boot up /but p/ verb to load the

operating system or programs

automat-ically into a computer

border

border /bɔdə/ noun a strip, line or

band around the edge of something

borderline

borderline /bɔdəlan/ adjective

only just acceptable 쑗 He was a

border-line case in the examination, but they

allowed him to pass.

borrow

borrow /bɒrəυ/ verb to take away

temporarily with the intention of

returning it

borrower card

borrower card /bɒrəυə kɑd/,

borrower ticket /bɒrəυə tkt/ noun

a card issued to a member of a library so

that items borrowed can be recorded in

his or her name

borrowings

borrowings /bɒrəυŋz/ plural noun

books borrowed from a library

borrowing system

borrowing system /bɒrəυŋ

sstəm/ noun a system for organising

items which are taken away temporarily

and need to be returned

bot

bot /bɒt/ noun a computer program

performing routine or time-consuming

tasks such as searching websites

auto-matically or semi-independently

bottom line

bottom line /bɒtəm lan/ noun the

most important consideration in a

discussion

bottom price

bottom price /bɒtəm pras/ noun

the lowest possible price

bounce

bounce /baυns/ noun electronic mail

that is returned to the sender because the

address is incorrect or the user is not

known at the mail server 쐽 verb (of an

e-mail message) to fail to be delivered 쑗

If you send e-mail to an incorrect

address it bounces back to your

mailbox.

bound

bound /baυnd/ adjective used to

describe a book or other written

docu-ment that has a permanent, usually hard,

cover

bound journal

bound journal /baυnd dnəl/

noun a set of regular journal issues

collected in date order and put inside a

stiff cover

bounds

bounds /baυndz/ plural noun the

limits of what can be done

bowdlerise

bowdlerise /baυdləraz/,

bowdlerize verb to change a text byomitting anything which may bethought to be offensive, so called afterThomas Bowdler who in 1818 ‘cleanedup’ an edition of Shakespeare’s plays

bracket

bracket /brkt/ noun 1. a tion mark put on either side of a word orphrase to show that it contains addi-tional information 쑗 (These words are

punctua-inside brackets.) 2. a piece of metal orwood fastened to a wall to supportsomething

bracket together

bracket together /brkt tə|$eðə/

verb 1. to put two or more thingstogether because they are thought to besimilar 2. to print brackets round severalitems to show that they are treated in thesame way and separated from the rest ofthe text

Braille

Braille /brel/ noun a system ofprinting that enables blind people toread by feeling with their fingers letterswhich are printed as groups of raiseddots

25 British Standards Institution

branch library

branch library /brɑntʃ labrəri/

noun a library which serves a specific

area and is accountable to a main library

brand name /brnd nem/ noun a

version of a product recognised by a

breach of contract /britʃ əv

kɒntrkt/ noun failure to carry out the

terms of an agreement

break down

break down /brek daυn/ verb to

separate something into smaller parts so

that it is easier to deal with

breakdown

breakdown /brekdaυn/ noun a

summary, explanation or analysis of

data items collected

break even

break even /brek iv(ə)n/ verb to

make enough money to cover one’s

expenses but making neither a profit nor

a loss

break into

break into /brek ntυ/ verb to use a

computer system without permission

bridge

bridge /brd/ verb to overcome

differences between people 왍 to bridge

an information gap to provide relevant

information

brief

brief /brif/ noun a set of instructions

needed to perform a task, often used for

legal instructions

briefing

briefing /brifŋ/ noun a meeting at

which people are given instructions and

information

British Association of Picture Libraries and Agencies

British Association of Picture

Libraries and Agencies noun a

support group providing information

guidelines and standards for special

picture libraries Abbr BAPLA

British Books in Print

British Books in Print /brtʃ

bυks n prnt/ noun a publication

containing bibliographical details of all

published books in the UK Abbr BBIP

British Broadcasting Corporation

British Broadcasting

Corpora-tion /brtʃ brɔdkɑstŋ

kɔpəreʃ(ə)n/ noun the controlling

body for most radio and some television

in Britain Abbr BBC

British Council

British Council /brtʃ kaυns(ə)l/

noun a government-funded body to

promote the United Kingdom abroad by

means of information offices, culturalrelations, educational aid schemes andagencies for low-priced book schemes

British Education Index

British Education Index /brtʃedjυ|keʃ(ə)n ndeks/ noun an index

to articles about education from over

250 periodicals with online accessthrough DIALOG Abbr BEI

British Humanities Index

British Humanities Index /brtʃhju|mntiz ndeks/ noun a quar-terly index to articles in periodicalsabout the humanities published by theLibrary Association Abbr BHI

British Library

British Library /brtʃ labrəri/

noun the national library of the UKwhich contains a copy of every publica-tion in Britain through the copyrightdeposit system Abbr BL

British Library Automated Information Service

British Library Automated mation Service /brtʃ labrəriɔtəmetd nfə|meʃ(ə)n svs/

Infor-noun an online information retrievalsystem provided by the British Library,now divided into BLAISE-LINEstandard bibliographic database andBLAISE-LINK online database host.Abbr BLAISE

British Library Document Supply Centre

British Library Document Supply Centre /brtʃ labrəridɒkjυmənt sə|pla sentə/ noun aclosed collection kept for use by inter-library loan Abbr BLDSC

British Library Research & Development Department

British Library Research & Development Department

/brtʃ labrəri r|stʃ ən d|

veləpmənt d|pɑtmənt/ noun part ofthe British Library devoted to researchinto all aspects of library and informa-tion work Abbr BLR&DD

British National Bibliography

British National Bibliography

/brtʃ nʃ(ə)nəl bbli|ɒ$rəfi/ noun

an organisation which issues a weeklylist in printed form and on CD-ROM ofall the books published in Great Britainand produces monthly and annualcumulative indexes Abbr BNB

British Society of Indexers

British Society of Indexers

/brtʃ sə|saəti əv ndeksəz/ noun asupport association for professionalindexers Abbr BSI

British Standards Institution

British Standards Institution

/brtʃ stndədz nsttjuʃ(ə)n/

noun the approved British body for thepreparation and publication of national

broad 26

standards for the production of goods

and services Abbr BSI

broad

British Talking Book Service for

the Blind noun an organisation which

arranges for written materials to be

recorded on to audio tape so that blind

people can listen to them

broad

broad /brɔd/ adjective

comprehen-sive in content, knowledge, experience,

ability or application

broadband

broadband /brɔdbnd/ noun a

connection to the Internet that allows it

to remain connected while still using

phone and fax facilities on the same

line, since many signals can be

trans-mitted simultaneously쐽 adjective able

to transfer large amounts of data at high

speed

broadcast

broadcast /brɔdkɑst/ noun a

programme made for transmission on

radio or television 쐽 verb 1 to send out

words, music or signals by radio waves

2. to make widely known

broadsheet

broadsheet /brɔdʃit/ noun

anything printed on large sheets of

paper, but especially one of the more

serious newspapers

broad term

broad term /brɔd tm/ noun an

indexing term heading a string of

narrower terms

brochure

brochure /brəυʃə/ noun a magazine

or booklet with pictures giving

informa-tion about a product or service

broken order

broken order /brəυkən ɔdə/ noun

a system which is not in the expected or

normal order, used deliberately in

unusual circumstances to facilitate use

broker

broker /brəυkə/ noun a person who

does the business of buying and selling

for somebody else

brokerage

brokerage /brəυkərd/ noun the

business of buying and selling goods

and services for other people

Brown issuing system

Brown issuing system /braυn

ʃuŋ sstəm/ noun a system of

recording loans from a library which

uses individual book cards, which are

kept in members’ small cardboard

tickets until the book is returned

browse

browse /braυz/ verb 1. to look

through a book, magazine, database or

shop in a casual way without definite

intentions 2. to view data in a database

or online system

browser

browser /braυzə/ noun a softwareprogram that is used to navigate throughWWW pages stored on the Internet 쒁

web browser

browsing

browsing /braυzŋ/ noun the act of auser moving through text or a multi-media application in no particular order

BUBL

BUBL /bb(ə)l/ noun an electronicdiscussion list subscribed to by librar-ians worldwide Full form Bulletin Boards for Libraries

‘BUBL is an excellent resource in that

it combines classification of resources

in a familiar way with hyperlinkavailability…In our search example,Scientology information is foundunder “Other Religions” and we have

a good online reference to likely

impartial information.’ [Law Now]

Buchmesse

Buchmesse /bυxmesə/ noun aGerman book fair, such as the FrankfurtBook Fair

buckram

buckram /bkrəm/ noun a coarsecotton or linen fabric that has been stiff-ened with starch, gum or latex, used inbookbinding

budget

budget /bdt/ noun a financial planshowing how much money is availableand how it is proposed to spend it 쐽 verb

to allow pre-determined amounts ofmoney for specific purposes

buffer

buffer /bfə/ noun a temporarystorage area for data being transmittedbetween two devices that function atdifferent speeds A buffer enables afaster device such as a computer tocomplete sending the data and begin

27 buy into

another task without waiting for a

slower device such as a printer

bug

bug /b$/ noun 1. a problem or

mistake in a computer program 2. a

tracking or surveillance device

built-in

built-in /blt n/ adjective included as

part of the original structure or plan

built-in obsolescence

built-in obsolescence /blt n

ɒbsə|les(ə)ns/ noun deliberate features

of the design which will cause a piece of

equipment to become out of date and

need to be replaced

bulk

bulk /blk/ noun a large quantity 왍 the

bulk of something most of it 왍 to buy

in bulk to buy large quantities

bulk purchase

bulk purchase /blk ptʃs/ noun

the act of buying a large quantity of

something to obtain a cheaper price

bulk storage

bulk storage /blk stɔrd/ noun

the act of storing large amounts of

infor-mation on a database

bullet

bullet /bυlt/ noun a large printed dot

used to highlight items in a printed list

bulletin

bulletin /bυltn/ noun a short report

on the latest situation

bulletin board

bulletin board /bυltn bɔd/ noun

an electronic discussion network and

information database

bullet point

bullet point /bυlt pɔnt/ noun

PRINTING same as bullet

bumf

bumf /bmf/ noun unwanted or

unin-teresting printed material, especially

official forms and documents

bundled service

bundled service /bnd(ə)ld

svs/ noun a collection of several

different services sold as a package

bureau

bureau /bjυərəυ/ noun an office

organisation or government department

that collects and distributes information

burn

burn /bn/ verb to copy data on to a

CD-ROM or DVD-ROM It can then be

used to transport the content or to create

multiple copies

burnishing

burnishing /bnʃŋ/ noun the

process of polishing the gold or silver

leaf on edges of books to give it a

brighter appearance

burst

burst /bst/ noun an amount of data

sent or received in one operation

bus

bus /bs/ noun 1. a communication

link consisting of a set of leads or wires

which connects different parts of a

computer hardware system, and over

which data is transmitted and received

by various circuits in the system 2. acentral source of information whichsupplies several devices

business

business /bzns/ noun an tion that produces and sells goods orprovides a service

organisa-business card

business card /bzns kɑd/ noun asmall card giving the name and businessdetails of a person

business computer

business computer /bzns kəm|

pjutə/ noun a powerful smallcomputer which is programmed forspecial business uses

Business Information Service

Business Information Service

/bzns nfə|meʃ(ə)n svs/ noun aservice to promote awareness of theBritish Libraries’ holdings on businessinformation, based at the Science Refer-ence and Information Service Abbr BIS

business letter

business letter /bzns letə/ noun

a letter which is sent from one company

to another about business matters

businesslike

businesslike /bznslak/ adjective

working in an efficient and timesavingway

business process management

business process management

/bzns prəυses mndmənt/ noun

the theory of how to best organise esses in business for maximum effi-ciency Abbr BPM

business school /bzns skul/

noun a college where people are taughthow to manage a business or otherorganisation

buy into /ba ntυ/ verb to buy part

of a business or organisation in order togain some control

buy out 28

buy out

buy out /ba aυt/ verb to buy

some-body’s share of a business that you

previously owned together

buzzer

buzzer /bzə/ noun an electronic

device making a loud hum, often used

as an alarm

by

by abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Belarus

byline

byline /balan/ noun a line giving the

name of the author of a newspaper or

magazine article

by-product

by-product /ba prɒdkt/ noun 1.

something that is an unexpected orunplanned outcome of a situation 2.

something that is produced during themanufacture of something else

byte

byte /bat/ noun a measurement used

to express data or memory capacity of acomputer

bz

bz abbreviation in Internet addresses,the top-level domain for Belize

c

© symbol a symbol denoting copyright,

placed by law before the name of the

owner of the copyright and the year of

first publication

COMMENT: The symbol adopted by the

Universal Copyright Convention in

Geneva in 1952 Publications bearing the

symbol are automatically covered by the

convention The copyright line in a book

should give the © followed by the name of

the copyright holder and the date.

c abbreviation 1 PUBL chapter 2 HIST

circa

ca

ca abbreviation in Internet addresses,

the top-level domain for Canada

ca.

ca. abbreviation circa

cabinet

cabinet /kbnət/ noun a piece of

furniture with doors and drawers used

for storing things 쒁 filing cabinet

cable

cable /keb(ə)l/ noun a flexible wire

link for electrical equipment

cable television

cable television /keb(ə)l tel|

v(ə)n/, cable TV /keb(ə)l ti|vi/

noun a system whereby signals are

relayed to viewers’ homes by fibre optic

cables often underground

cache

cache /kʃ/ noun an area of

high-speed computer memory used for

temporary storage of frequently used

data 쐽 verb to store data in a cache

cache memory

cache memory /kʃ mem(ə)ri/

noun a section of high-speed memory

which stores data that the computer can

calculated /klkjυletd/ adjective

planned to have a particular effect

calculator

calculator /klkjυletə/ noun anelectronic device for working out theanswers to numerical problems

calendar

calendar /klndə/ noun a printedtable or chart which shows the days,weeks and months of the year

calendar month

calendar month /klndə mnθ/

noun a period of time, usually 30 or 31days, measured according to an estab-lished western calendar rather thannatural changes of the moon

calendar year

calendar year /klndə jə/ noun aperiod of time, usually 12 months,measured according to an establishedwestern calendar rather than naturalchanges of the moon

calfskin

calfskin /kɑfskn/, calf /kɑf/ noun

a soft type of leather used in binding

book-calligraphy

calligraphy /kə|l$rəfi/ noun theartistic use of handwriting

call mark

call mark /kɔl mɑk/ noun LIBRARIES

same as shelf mark

call number

call number /kɔl nmbə/ noun anumber used to identify and locate abook 쒁 spine number

camcorder

camcorder /kmkɔdə/ noun asmall video recorder which can be held

camera-ready copy 30

camera-ready copy

camera-ready copy /km(ə)rə

redi kɒpi/, camera-ready paste-up

/km(ə)rə redi pest p/ noun a

typescript which is ready to be

photo-graphed as part of book production

Abbr CRC, CRPU

campus

campus /kmpəs/ noun an area of

land containing the main buildings of a

college or university

cancel

cancel /kns(ə)l/ verb to cause

something such as a cheque or

reserva-tion to be no longer valid

cancelbot

cancelbot /kns(ə)lbɒt/ noun a

computer program that cancels

unwanted articles sent to an Internet

newsgroup by a particular user

cancellation

cancellation /knsə|leʃ(ə)n/ noun

an instruction to say that something is

no longer needed

cancel out

cancel out /kns(ə)l aυt/ verb to

combine two things having opposite

effects so as to produce no effect

candidate

candidate /knddet/ noun 1. a

person who is being considered for a

job, or who is standing for election 2.

someone who is taking an examination

3. a person or company that is

consid-ered suitable for a particular purpose 쑗

Small libraries are likely candidates for

closure.

capability

capability /kepə|blti/ noun ability

to do something 쑗 the capability to

capacity /kə|psti/ noun 1. the

amount that something can hold 2 (in

industry) the amount that can be

produced or work that can be done

capacity planning

capacity planning /kə|psti

plnŋ/ noun planning work so that

the best use is made of the abilities and

equipment available

capital

capital /kpt(ə)l/ noun money that

is used to set up a business or invested to

make more money

capital letter /kpt(ə)l letə/ noun

the upper case form of a letter used at

the beginning of sentences and names,

e.g A, B, C as opposed to a, b, c Abbr

card file

card file /kɑd fal/ noun COMM,

LIBRARIES same as card index

card index

card index /kɑd ndeks/ noun aseries of cards, usually standard size12.5 x 7.5 cm, used to record holdingsand kept in specially designed drawers

card-index file /kɑd ndeks fal/

noun information kept on filing cards

career ladder

career ladder /kə|rə ldə/ noun

the steps by which a person gainspromotion in their chosen career

‘The need for role models isparamount in a male-dominatedindustry and, with so few women onthe upper rungs of the IT careerladder, a significant change is needed

in the way companies recruit andpromote their senior IT staff to make a

real difference.’ [Evening Standard]

career stage

career stage /kə|rə sted/ noun

the level of progress made in promotion

caret mark

caret mark /krət mɑk/, caret sign /krət san/ noun a proofreadingsymbol to indicate that somethingshould be inserted into the text

Carnegie library

Carnegie library /kɑ|ni$i

labrəri/ noun a public library systemthat was developed nationally frommoney donated by Andrew Carnegie(1835–1919), a Scottish-born Americanwho gave money to public educationand libraries

carrel

carrel /krel/, carrell noun anenclosed area for private study within alarger space like a classroom or a library

31 catalogue card

carriage return/line feed

carriage return/line feed /krd

r|tn lan fid/ noun a key that

moves the cursor or print head to the

beginning of the next line and moves the

paper or text up by one line Abbr

CR/LF

carry

carry /kri/ verb 1. to transport

some-thing from one place to another 2. to

contain or broadcast 쑗 The newspaper

carried a full report on the event.

carry over /kri əυvə/ verb (in

accounts) to take a total from the

bottom of one page to the top of the next

carry through

carry through /kri θru/ verb to

continue an action until it is finished

cartel

cartel /kɑ|tel/ noun a group of similar

companies which agree to control prices

adjec-tive relating to maps 쑗 The library had a

large cartographic collection.

cartography

cartography /kɑ|tɒ$rəfi/ noun the

art of drawing maps

cartoon

cartoon /kɑ|tun/ noun 1. the first

draft of a drawing done on paper which

can be transferred to larger paintings 2.

a comic or satirical drawing 3. an

animated film made by photographing a

series of drawings

cartridge

cartridge /kɑtrd/ noun a

remov-able device made of a closed box

containing a disk, tape, program or data

cartridge paper

cartridge paper /kɑtrd pepə/

noun strong, thick, usually white paper

used for drawing

COMMENT: Cartridge paper is so called

because it was originally used for making

cartridges for bullets It is made from

chemical pulp, sized, and is very white.

case

case /kes/ noun a stiff cardboard

cover glued onto a book formed of two

pieces of cardboard and the spine 쑗 The

library edition has a case and jacket. 쐽

verb to bind a book in a stiff cardboard

cover

case binding

case binding /kes bandŋ/ noun

1. a stiff cardboard cover 쑗 The trade

edition has a case binding. 2. the action

of binding a book in a hard cardboardcover

casebound

casebound /kesbaυnd/, cased

/kest/ adjective enclosed in a hardcover 쑗 The book was available in both

casebound and paperback versions.

cash book

cash book /kʃ bυk/ noun a book inwhich a record is kept of income andexpenditure

cash in on /kʃ n ɒn/ verb to use

a situation to gain advantage for oneself

cash on delivery

cash on delivery /kʃ ɒn d|

lv(ə)ri/ noun a phrase meaning thatgoods must be paid for as soon as theyare received Abbr C.O.D.

cash register

cash register /kʃ redstə/ noun

a machine which is used to record salesand to add up the amount of money to bepaid

cash value

cash value /kʃ vlju/ noun theamount of money which anyone willpay for something

cassette

cassette /kə|set/ noun a small gular plastic container for magnetic tapewhich can be used for recording andplaying back speech or music

rectan-casual work

casual work /kuəl wk/ noun

jobs done by people employed for ashort time

catalogue

catalogue /kt(ə)lɒ$/ noun 1. a list

of priced and illustrated items for sale,presented in book form or in otherformats including CD-ROM or video 2.

a list of the holdings in a library, usuallyarranged according to subject, title orauthor쐽 verb 1. to classify and list items

to form a catalogue 2. to enter thing in a catalogue

some-catalogue card

catalogue card /ktəlɒ$ kɑd/

noun a small card used for writing logue entries and stored in boxes ordrawers in a manual catalogue

system whereby new books are

cata-logued before publication by the British

Library or by the Library of Congress

based on details about each book

supplied by the publisher Abbr CIP

catch letter

catch letter /ktʃ letə/ noun a

group of letters, usually three, which

appears at the top of the page in

refer-ence books such as dictionaries or

direc-tories, to indicate the first or last word

on that page or column

catchword

catchword /ktʃwd/ noun 1. a

word printed at the top of a page in a

dictionary or other reference book,

usually the first or last entry for that

page 2. the first word of a page of

printed text repeated at the bottom

right-hand corner of the previous page,

origi-nally placed there to draw the binder’s

attention to it

catchword index

catchword index /ktʃwd

ndeks/ noun a system which uses a

keyword from a title or text to index an

item

categorise

categorise /kt$əraz/,

catego-rize verb to put into a category

category

category /kt$(ə)ri/ noun a

divi-sion or class in a system used to group

items according to their type

cater for

cater for /ketə fɔ/ verb to provide

what people need

cathode ray tube

cathode ray tube /kθəυd re

tjub/ noun an output device used in a

VDU or phototypesetter for displaying

text or figures or graphics Abbr CRT

COMMENT: A CRT consists of a vacuum

tube, one end of which is flat and coated

with phosphor; the other end contains an

electron beam source Characters

becomes visible when the electron beam

makes the phosphor coating glow.

CBT

CBT abbreviation 1. computer-based

training 2. computer-based tutorial

cc

cc 1 noun 1. used at the ends of letters,

memos and reports to indicate that an

identical copy has been sent to the

named people 2. a feature of electronic

mail software that allows you to send a

copy of a message to another user 쒁

blind carbon copy 왘 full form carbon copy

cc

cc 2 /si si/ abbreviation in Internetaddresses, the top-level domain forCocos Islands

CD

CD abbreviation compact disc

CD burner

CD burner /si di bnə/ noun

COMPUT same as CD writer

CD-I

CD-I /si di a/ noun a compact discwith electronic information that can bechanged by the user Full form

compact disc interactive

CD-ROM drive

CD-ROM drive /si di rɒm drav/

noun a disk drive that allows a computer

to read data stored on a CD-ROM, inwhich the player spins the disc and uses

a laser beam to read etched patterns onthe surface of the CD-ROM that repre-sent data bits

CD-ROM player

CD-ROM player /si di rɒmpleə/ noun a disc drive that allows acomputer to read data stored on a CD-ROM

CD-RW

CD-RW /si di ɑ db(ə)lju/ noun acompact disc that can have its contentserased and something else recordedonto it many times Full form compact disc rewritable

CD-WO

CD-WO /si db(ə)l ju əυ/ noun

CD-ROM disc and drive technologythat allows a user to write data to thedisc once only and is useful for storingarchived documents or for testing a CD-ROM before it is duplicated Full form

compact disc write once

CD writer

CD writer /si di ratə/ noun apiece of equipment used to record datapermanently onto a compact disc

cease

cease /sis/ verb to finish or stop doingsomething

ceased publication

ceased publication /sist pbl|

keʃ(ə)n/ adjective no longerpublished, often used to describe serials

33 chapbook

cedilla

cedilla /sə|dlə/ noun a small mark (¸)

used in some languages under a letter to

change its pronunciation, e.g under the

letter c in French to soften it

CEEFAX

CEEFAX /sifks/ noun a videotext

system used by the BBC for

broad-casting textual information

cell

cell /sel/ noun a space for information

in a table such as a computer

spread-sheet, formed where a row and a column

intersect

censor

censor /sensə/ noun a person who

decides what may be published, shown

or distributed to the general public 쐽

verb to edit published material or films

with regard to what is considered decent

for selling, showing or distributing to

the general public

censorship

censorship /sensəʃp/ noun

prohi-bition of the production, distribution or

sale of items considered to be

objection-able on political, religious or moral

grounds

census

census /sensəs/ noun an official

survey to count and analyse the

popula-tion of a country

centimetre

centimetre /sentmitə/ noun one

hundredth part of a metre Abbr cm

(NOTE: The US spelling is centimeter.)

centralised

centralised /sentrəlazd/,

central-ized adjective placed in the middle,

often as the most important or

control-ling feature

centralised copying

centralised copying /sentrəlazd

kɒpiŋ/ noun a service for all users

located in a central position

centralised purchasing

centralised purchasing

/sentrəlazd ptʃsŋ/ noun the

method of buying everything needed for

an organisation through a central

purchasing office

centralised records storage

centralised records storage

/sentrəlazd rekɔdz stɔrd/ noun

a system used by organisations by

which records are stored in a central

unit but can be accessed by all members

of the organisation

central processing unit

central processing unit /sentrəl

prəυsesŋ junt/ noun the circuits

which form the main part of a computer

Abbr CPU

Central Statistical Office

Central Statistical Office /sentrəl

C format paperback

C format paperback /si fɔmt

pepəbk/ noun a paperback with theformat 234 x 156mm

chained library /tʃend labrəri/

noun in former times, a library in whichbooks were chained to desks or shelves

to prevent them being stolen (NOTE:.)chain indexing

chain indexing /tʃen ndeksŋ/

noun an alphabetical system of indexingusing subject headings and hierarchicalsub-headings

chain list

chain list /tʃen lst/ noun a list ofdata with each piece of informationproviding an address for the nextconsecutive item in the list

change agent

change agent /tʃend edənt/

noun a catalyst which causes something

to change

channel

channel /tʃn(ə)l/ noun 1. thespoken, written or electronic means bywhich something is passed on 2. a majorinterest area on the Internet that is easilyaccessible 쒁 information channel 3 (in

graphics) one layer of an image that can

be worked on separately or which can

be used to create special effects

chanop

chanop /tʃnɒp/ noun a channeloperator, the person who controls themessages within a channel on theInternet

chapbook

chapbook /tʃpbυk/ noun a smallbooklet of poems, ballads or stories,originally sold by travelling pedlars