Mobile business technical methodologiecal and social perspectives 2nd

63 Bhuvan Unhelkar, MethodScience.com & University of Western Sydney, Australia Chapter VII Transitioning Business Processes to a Collaborative Business Environment with Mobility: An Act

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Handbook of Research in Mobile Business:

University of Western Sydney, Australia

Hershey • New York

InformatIon scIence reference

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Handbook of research in mobile business : technical, methodological and social perspectives / Bhuvan Unhelkar, editor 2nd ed.

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Summary: "This book collects the latest research advances in the rapidly evolving field of mobile business" Provided by publisher ISBN 978-1-60566-156-8 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-60566-157-5 (ebooki)

1 Mobile commerce 2 Mobile communication systems Economic aspects I Unhelkar, Bhuvan

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Dedication Keshav Raja

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Editorial Advisory Board

Houman Younessi

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,

Hartford Graduate Campus, USA

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List of Contributors

Agapiou, George / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A (OTE), Greece 375

Agrawai, Rajeev / Kumaon Engineering College, India 12

Aldas-Manzano, Joaquin / University of Valencia, Spain 282

Ali, A K Hairul Nizam Pengiran Haji / Staffordshire University, UK 104

Arunatileka, Dinesh / Freelance, Sri Lanka 139

Askarzai, Walied / Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia 206

Athavale, Vijay / JIET, Jind, Haryana, India 405

Atkins, Anthony S / Staffordshire University, UK 104

Banakar, R M / BVB Collage of Engineering and Technology, India 354

Bari, Ataul / University of Windsor, Canada 445

Bhalla, Ishan / University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 615

Bhatt, Bhargav / Ultra InfoTech, India 464

Charsky, Carol / TWU, School of Management, USA 200

Chaudhary, Kamlesh / University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 615

Chochliouros, Ioannis P / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A (OTE), Greece 375

Ciganek, Andrew P / University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, USA 472

Curtis, David / MethodScience, Australia 529

D’Andrea, Alessia / IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy 316

Daim, Tugrul / Portland State University, USA 45

Desai, Manish / ImpexDocs, Australia 624

Ferri, Fernando / IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy 293,316 Gala, Jigisha / M.S.University of Baroda, India 328

Garg, Miti / The Logistics Institute – Asia Paci.c, Singapor e 368

Garito, Marco / Digital Business, Italy 568, 584 Gasmelseid, Tagelsir Mohamed / King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia 604

Ghanbary, Abbass / MethodScience.com & University of Western Sydney, Australia 73, 79, 83, 499, 622 Goh, Mark / NUS Business School, The Logistics Institute – Asia Pacific, Singapore 368

Grifoni, Patrizia / IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy 293, 316 Gupta, Sumeet / Shri Sankaracarya Institute of Management and Technology, India 368

Gurău, Călin / Montpellier Business School, France 260

Guzzo, Tiziana / IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy 293

Harmon, Robert / Portland State University, USA 45

Hassan, Shahizan / Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia 127

Honkanen, Arsi / Alacrity Technologies, Australia 388

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Jaekel, Arunita / University of Windsor, Canada 445

Jasola, Sanjay / Wawasan Open University, Malaysia 422

Kalra, Rishi / Symbiosis International University, India 182

Karjaluoto, Heikki / University of Oulu, Finland 304, 334 Kautonen, Teemu / University of Vaasa, Finland 304

Klaus, Martin / University of Kassel, Germany 245, 269 Kuppuswami, Anand / Dialog Information Technology, Australia 399

Lazaridis, Nikolaos / Otolaryngologist, Greece 375

Leppäniemi, Matti / University of Oulu, Finland 334

Li, Feng / University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 334

Limaye, Vikram / India 541

Lingarchani, Amit / University of Technology, Sydney, Australia 150

Maharmeh, Mohammed / University of Western Sydney, Australia 194

Makuch, Paul / Institute for Information Systems at German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Germany 440

Marmaridis, Ioakim (Makis) / University of Western Sydney, Australia 25

Mehul, Ekata / Gujarat University, India 541

Nag, Barin N / Department of Management, Towson University, USA 559

Nanchahal, Amit / Symbiosis International University, India 182

Parmar, Sargam / Ganpat University, India 456

Patel, Keyurkumar J / Box Hill Institute, Australia 343

Patel, R B / M M Engineering College, India 405

Pedrasa, Jhoanna Rhodette / University of New South Wales, Australia 33

Perera, Eranga / National ICT Australia, Australia 33

Priyatam, Kumar / BVB Collage of Engineering and Technology, India 354

Raisinghani, Mahesh / TWU, School of Management, USA 200

Ramamurthy, K / University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, USA 472

Ranatunga, Dilupa / University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 139

Rao, N Raghavendra / SSN School of Management & Computer Applications, India 595

Ruiz-Mafe, Carla / University of Valencia, Spain 282

Rupnik, Rok / University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 160

Sadasivam, Rajani Shankar / University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA 226

Salam, Sobihatun Nur Ab / Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia 127

Sall, Jari / University of Oulu, Finland 334

Sanz-Blas, Silvia / University of Valencia, Spain 282

Sarif, Siti Mahfuzah / Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia 113

Seneviratne, Aruna / National ICT Australia, Australia 33

Shankaranand, B / National Institute of Technology, India 354

Sharma, Ramesh C / Indira Gandhi National Open University, India 422

Sherringham, Keith / IMS Corp, Australia 94, 173, 214 Shiratuddin, Norshuhada / Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia 113, 127 Siegal, Mark / National Library of Medicine, USA 559

Sinisalo, Jaako / University of Oulu, Finland 334

Spiliopoulou, Anastasia S / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A (OTE), Greece 375

Subramanian, Chitra / Australia 578

Tanik, Murat M / University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA 226

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Tatham, Matthew / Alacrity Technologies, Australia 388

Tiwary, Amit / Origin Energy, Australia 73

Trivedi, Bharti / DDU Nadiad, India 432

Unhelkar, Bhuvan / MethodScience.com & University of Western Sydney, Australia 63, 73, 83, 94, 173, 194, 206, 214, 328, 432, 456, 487, 499, 624 Wagner, Ralf / University of Kassel, Germany 245, 269 Werth, Dirk / Institute for Information Systems at German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Germany 440

Withanage, Rasika / University of Wales, UK 139

Wu, Ming-Chien (Mindy) / University of Western Sydney, Australia 487, 529 Xu, Heng / The Pennsylvania State University, USA 368

Younessi, Houman / Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA 1

Zaibon, Syamsul Bahrin / Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia 127

Zhao, Wenbing / Cleveland State University, USA 518

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Table of Contents

Foreword xxxi Preface .xxxii

Section I: Strategies and Methods Chapter I

Strategic View on Creating Business Value through Mobile Technologies 1

Houman Younessi, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA

Chapter II

Game Theory as a Tool in Mobile Technologies and Applications 12

Rajeev Agrawal, Kumaon Engineering College, India

Chapter III

A Methodology and Framework for Extending Mobile Transformations

to Mobile Collaborations for SMEs 25

Ioakim (Makis) Marmaridis, IMTG Pty Ltd and University of Western Sydney, Australia

Chapter IV

Context Aware Mobility Management 33

Jhoanna Rhodette Pedrasa, University of New South Wales, Australia

Eranga Perera, National ICT Australia, Australia

Aruna Seneviratne, National ICT Australia, Australia

Chapter V

Assessing the Future of Location-Based Services: Technologies, Applications, and Strategies 45

Robert Harmon, Portland State University, USA

Tugrul Daim, Portland State University, USA

Chapter VI

Creation of a Process Framework for Transitioning to a Mobile Enterprise 63

Bhuvan Unhelkar, MethodScience.com & University of Western Sydney, Australia

Chapter VII

Transitioning Business Processes to a Collaborative Business Environment with Mobility:

An Action Research Based on a Service Organization 73

Amit Tiwary, Origin Energy, Australia

Abbass Ghanbary, MethodScience.com & University of Western Sydney, Australia

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Chapter VIII

Transitioning of Existing Business Processes to Collaborative and Mobile Business Processes:

An Action Research Based on a Security Service Organization 83

Chapter IX

Strategic Elements for the Mobile Enablement of Business 94

Keith Sherringham, IMS Corp, Australia

Chapter X

Mobile Strategy for E-Business Solution 104

Anthony S Atkins, Staffordshire University, UK

A K Hairul Nizam Pengiran Haji Ali, Staffordshire University, UK

Chapter XI

Construction of Matrix and eMatrix for Mobile Development Methodologies 113

Norshuhada Shiratuddin, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Siti Mahfuzah Sarif, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Chapter XII

eBook Mobile Payment Process Model 127

Shahizan Hassan, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Syamsul Bahrin Zaibon, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Sobihatun Nur Ab Salam, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Chapter XIII

Innovative Marketing Strategies for Wireless Broadband Services in the Sri Lankan Context 139

Dilupa Ranatunga, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

Rasika Withanage, University of Wales, UK

Dinesh Arunatileka, Freelance, Sri Lanka

Mobile Applications Development Methodology 160

Rok Rupnik, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Chapter XVI

Real Time Decision Making and Mobile Technologies 173

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Chapter XVII

Channel Optimization for On Field Sales Force by Integration of Business Software on Mobile Platforms 182

Rishi Kalra, Symbiosis International University, India

Amit Nanchahal, Symbiosis International University, India

Chapter XVIII

A Composite Software Framework Approach for Mobile Application Development 194

Mohammed Maharmeh, University of Western Sydney, Australia

Chapter XIX

Mobile Devices and Mobile Applications: Key Future Trends 200

Carol Charsky, TWU, School of Management, USA

Mahesh Raisinghani, TWU, School of Management, USA

Chapter XX

Strategic Approach to Globalization with Mobile Business 206

Walied Askarzai, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia

Chapter XXI

Business Driven Enterprise Architecture and Applications to Support Mobile Business 214

Section II: Sociology and Culture Chapter XXII

Composite Process-Personalization with Service-Oriented Architecture 226

Rajani Shankar Sadasivam, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA

Murat M Tanik, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA

Chapter XXIII

Cultural Impacts on the Spread of Mobile Commerce: An International Comparison 245

Ralf Wagner, University of Kassel, Germany

Martin Klaus, University of Kassel, Germany

Chapter XXIV

The Mobile Services Market: An Exploratory Analysis of Mobile Phone Usage by French Consumers 260

Călin Gurău, Montpellier Business School, France

Chapter XXV

Mobile Direct Marketing 269

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Chapter XXVI

Mobile Commerce Adoption in Spain: The Influence of Consumer Attitudes and ICT Usage Behaviour 282

Joaquin Aldas-Manzano, University of Valencia, Spain

Carla Ruiz-Mafe, University of Valencia, Spain

Silvia Sanz-Blas, University of Valencia, Spain

Chapter XXVII

Social Aspects of Mobile Technologies on Web Tourism Trend 293

Fernando Ferri, IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy

Patrizia Grifoni, IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy

Tiziana Guzzo, IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy

Chapter XXIII

Sources of Trust and Consumers’ Participation in Permission-Based Mobile Marketing 304

Heikki Karjaluoto, University of Oulu, Finland

Teemu Kautonen, University of Vaasa, Finland

Chapter XXIX

Social Impacts of Mobile Virtual Communities on Healthcare 316

Alessia D’Andrea, IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy

Chapter XXX

Impact of Mobile Technologies and Gadgets on Adolescent’s Interpersonal Relationships 328

Jigisha Gala, M.S.University of Baroda, India

Chapter XXXI

The Mobile Network as a New Medium for Marketing Communications: A Case Study 334

Matti Leppäniemi, University of Oulu, Finland

Jari Sall, University of Oulu, Finland

Jaako Sinisalo, University of Oulu, Finland

Feng Li, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Chapter XXXII

Successful Implementation of Emerging Communication Technologies in a Mobile-Intense Organization:

A Case Study of Sydney Airport 343

Keyurkumar J Patel, Box Hill Institute, Australia

Section III: Technology, Networks and Security Chapter XXXIII

ISI Cancellation in 4G Wireless Mobiles 354

Kumar Priyatam, BVB Collage of Engineering and Technology, India

R M Banakar, BVB Collage of Engineering and Technology, India

B Shankaranand, National Institute of Technology, India

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Chapter XXXIV

RFID and Supply Chain Visibility 368

Sumeet Gupta, Shri Sankaracarya Institute of Management and Technology, India

Miti Garg, The Logistics Institute – Asia Pacific, Singapore

Heng Xu, The Pennsylvania State University, USA

Mark Goh, NUS Business School, The Logistics Institute – Asia Pacific, Singapore

Chapter XXXV

Cell Broadcasting Opportunities of Modern Mobile Communications and Its Usage in Emergency

Warning Facilities 375

Ioannis P Chochliouros, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A (OTE), Greece

Anastasia S Spiliopoulou, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A (OTE), Greece

George Agapiou, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A (OTE), Greece

Nikolaos Lazaridis, M.D Ph.D , Greece

Chapter XXXVI

Mobility for Secure Multi-Factor “Out of Band” Authentication 388

Matthew Tatham, Alacrity Technologies, Australia

Arsi Honkanen, Alacrity Technologies, Australia

Chapter XXXVII

Asynchronous Communication Protocol for Multiple Transactions in Mobile Architecture for a

Mobile Agent System 399

Anand Kuppuswami, Dialog Information Technology, Australia

Chapter XXXVIII

Reliable Computing in Heterogeneous Networks: A Review Report 405

R B Patel, M M Engineering College, India

Vijay Athavale, JIET, Jind, Haryana, India

Chapter XXXIX

Mobility in IP Networks 422

Sanjay Jasola, Wawasan Open University, Malaysia

Ramesh C Sharma, Indira Gandhi National Open University, India

Chapter XL

Role of Mobile Technologies in an Environmentally Responsible Business Strategy 432

Bharti Trivedi, DDU Nadiad, India

Chapter XLI

Mobile Technologies Extending ERP Systems 440

Dirk Werth, Institute for Information Systems at German Research Centre for Artificial

Intelligence, Germany

Paul Makuch, Institute for Information Systems at German Research Centre for Artificial

Intelligence, Germany

Chapter XLII

Techniques for Exploiting Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks 445

Ataul Bari, University of Windsor, Canada

Arunita Jaekel, University of Windsor, Canada

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Social Context for Mobile Computing Device Adoption and Diffusion: A Proposed Research Model

and Key Research Issues 472

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Chapter LIII

Secure Payment in Mobile Business: A Case Study 578

Chitra Subramanian, Australia

Chapter LIV

Convergence in Mobile Internet with Service Oriented Architecture and Its Value to Business 584

Marco Garito, Digital Business, Italy

Chapter LV

Balancing Business, Technology, and Global Expertise 595

N Raghavendra Rao, SSN School of Management & Computer Applications, India

Chapter LVI

Improving Clinical Practice through Mobile Medical Informatics 604

Tagelsir Mohamed Gasmelseid, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

Chapter LVII

Traffic Management System (TMS) using WiMAX 615

Ishan Bhalla, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Kamlesh Chaudhary, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Chapter LVIII

Transformation of Business Processes of Export Companies to a Proposed Collaborative Environment

with the Aid of Web Services and Mobile Technologies 624

Abbass Ghanbary, University of Western Sydney, Australia

Manish Desai, ImpexDocs, Australia

About the Contributors 635 Index 647

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Foreword xxxi Preface .xxxii

Section I: Strategies and Methods Chapter I

Strategic View on Creating Business Value through Mobile Technologies 1

Houman Younessi, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA

This opening chapter of the handbook approximately highlights the most important aspect of any technology to business – and that is “value” Value of mobile technologies in business accrues when the technology is applied in the economic as well as social dimension of the business Younessi, through his unique style that combines theory, research, and practice, highlights this importance of mobile technology and its relevance in creating sustainability

in business The long-term strategic approach of all modern businesses needs to incorporate location and time independence as a fundamental that is provided by mobility This chapter will provide the reader with an excellent understanding of what is implied by the term “value” in the context of mobile business, its variations such as utility value, exchange value and essential value, and a mathematical background for calculation of value The chapter finally concludes with identification and optimization of organizational goals in the context of mobility

Chapter II

Game Theory as a Tool in Mobile Technologies and Applications 12

Rajeev Agrawal, Kumaon Engineering College, India

The fundamentals of business economics and decision making are quite close to the theory of games Therefore,

it is only appropriate that game theory is used in providing tools, technologies, and applications that deal with business decision making Mobile technologies and the resultant location-independence have immense potential

to improve business decision making The reason for the importance of game theory in the context of mobile ness and technologies is the fact the game theory deals primarily with distributed optimization This distributed optimization implies the opportunity for an individual user to make his or her decision in their own time and space This chapter is an excellent introduction to strategic utilization of mobility as it considers the fundamentals of game theory and its demonstration in mobile business and technologies

busi-Chapter III

A Methodology and Framework for Extending Mobile Transformations

to Mobile Collaborations for SMEs 25

Ioakim (Makis) Marmaridis, IMTG Pty Ltd and University of Western Sydney, Australia

Collaboration between businesses is the key to the future of the economic environment of the future Mobile technology provides and enhances the ability of businesses to collaborate with each other However, this collabo-ration becomes unique and challenging when there are numerous small and medium enterprises (SMEs) involved Detailed Table of Contents

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in that collaboration While collaborations hold the promise for global reach in a connected economy, there is a need to have a formal approach to transforming those organizations to mobile collaborative organizations Mo-bile transformation was proposed by the author in the previous edition of this book In this chapter, Marmaridis does an excellent job of presenting a research-based methodology for mobile collaboration (M-Collaboration) This chapter examines the challenges of mobile collaborations including trust, engagement, and interaction This chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of mobile collaboration in the SME space and a field-tested mobile collaboration methodology for SME transformations

Chapter IV

Context Aware Mobility Management 33

Jhoanna Rhodette Pedrasa, University of New South Wales, Australia

Eranga Perera, National ICT Australia, Australia

Aruna Seneviratne, National ICT Australia, Australia

The authors in this chapter, discuss one of the most significant aspect of mobile technologies – that of “context” While mobility is touted as the key technology that enables location-independence, this value of this location-independence to a user is based on his or her context It is the context that makes a mobile application relevant to the user This chapter takes the reader through a definition and discussion on what is implied by context and how context can be used in mobile systems The challenges to context-aware mobility management are discussed next and the existing solutions to those challenges are surveyed However, the authors then present their own architecture for handling context in mobile solutions

Chapter V

Assessing the Future of Location-Based Services: Technologies, Applications, and Strategies 45

Robert Harmon, Portland State University, USA

Tugrul Daim, Portland State University, USA

Location-based services (LBS) through the use of mobile technologies in business are based on the ability of mobile technologies to be able to provide value at a specific location of the user The popularity and utility of LBS has lead

to phenomenal technological infrastructure including networks, applications, and processes However, at the same time, there are increasing challenges emerging due to the operational models of cellular network operators These operational models provide competition between the operators, service providers, and enablers Therefore, even though the customers are increasingly interested in location services, their uptake is stunted due to the competitive operational models of the network operators and service providers Harmon and Daim do an excellent job, in this chapter, of evaluating the future of location-based services through a discussion and critical assessment of mobile technologies, service provision, mobile applications, the current market trends, and the issues related to strategic approaches in application of mobility in business

Chapter VI

Creation of a Process Framework for Transitioning to a Mobile Enterprise 63

Mobile enterprises adopt mobile technologies in a strategic manner This adoption of mobility by enterprises, however, needs to follow a process A mobile enterprise transition framework provides this process for transition that is based on the meticulous consideration of the factors that affect transition This chapter outlines a Mobile Enterprise Transition (MET) framework, for transitioning an organization to a mobile organization that is based

on the dimensions of economic, technology, process, and sociology These four dimensions for MET have been identified based on an understanding of people, processes, and technologies, and developed further as a com-prehensive framework based on a detailed research project undertaken by the author The purpose of this MET framework is to provide guidance and support that increases the chances of the transition’s success as well as ameliorate associated risks

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Chapter VII

Transitioning Business Processes to a Collaborative Business Environment with Mobility:

An Action Research Based on a Service Organization 73

Amit Tiwary, Origin Energy, Australia

Mobile collaboration is of ever increasing importance to business Web Services (WS) technologies create the tial for an organization to collaborate with partners and customers by enabling its software applications to transact over the Internet Mobile Web Services (MWS) take this collaborative ability of businesses a step further by making

poten-it location-independent A vpoten-ital element of this transpoten-ition of organizations to collaborative organizations is a mobile process A mobile process makes use of MWS as well as a mobile-enabled Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for the enterprise This chapter describes how the existing business processes of an organization are transitioned

in to collaborative business processes that would result in a mobile Collaborative Web Based System (CWBS) This incorporation of MWS in a collaborative system happens at three interrelated yet distinct layers: policies, activities, and standards This chapter develops these ideas and also presents the validation of these ideas through

an action-research carried out by the authors in a large energy supplier organization in Melbourne, Australia

Chapter VIII

Transitioning of Existing Business Processes to Collaborative and Mobile Business Processes:

An Action Research Based on a Security Service Organization 83

Mobile technologies result in a collaborative business environment in which the businesses are able to interact with each other in a location-independent manner The business processes based on mobile technologies need to

be modelled, studied, and optimized in order to create value to the collaborative businesses This chapter describes

an action research study in a security organization wherein the impact of mobile technology is studied and dated for collaborative business processes in a security business The chapter, thus, describes a Collaborative Web Based System (CWBS) that is specific to the security organization Furthermore, this chapter also highlights the shortcomings of the existing security related processes and how they can be improved with mobility

vali-Chapter IX

Strategic Elements for the Mobile Enablement of Business 94

The Internet wave that swept through business is likely to be seen as a ripple in a pond compared to the changes that are predicted from the adoption of mobility into business Irrespective of industry sector, the mobile enable-ment (wrapping business around mobility) of business is expected to bring many opportunities and rewards; and like the Web enablement (wrapping business around the Internet) of business, a few challenges as well Across all business areas, mobile business will need to support a mobile workforce, the operation of call (service) centres, and transaction processing and collaboration of virtual teams Mobile business will also impact product offerings, the management of consumer choice and the focusing of communications with a sticky message Mobile business will drive changes in management, revisions of business operations and the alignment of Information Communication Technology (ICT) This chapter discusses some of the common but important strategic elements to the successful mobile enablement of business

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Chapter X

Mobile Strategy for E-Business Solution 104

Anthony S Atkins, Staffordshire University, UK

A K Hairul Nizam Pengiran Haji Ali, Staffordshire University, UK

Mobile business strategies help businesses make optimum use of mobile technologies as the prevent over ing or under utilization of the potential of mobile applications A mobile strategic framework, as described in this chapter, provides the businesses with the necessary guidance in terms of approach, adoption, and operation of mobile applications This chapter also discusses examples of mobile solutions which have been implemented in hospitals, retail Supply Chain Management (SCM) and in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) The mo-bile framework discussed here by Pg Hj Ali and Atkins is an extension of existing Intranet, Extranet, and Internet e-business application with mobility

spend-Chapter XI

Construction of Matrix and eMatrix for Mobile Development Methodologies 113

Siti Mahfuzah Sarif, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Mobile computing is getting more and more attention these days, but the fact that there is still inadequate source

of methodology to support mobile development, triggers the interest in this study to explore issues related to mobile development methodologies The mobile developers are facing formidable challenges in the development

of mobile application due to the specific demand and technical constraints of mobile environment Selecting a suitable development methodology is believed to be the key answer to all these issues Thus, this study aimed to propose a solution to resolve the issues A decision matrix based on Pugh method was constructed to assist mobile developers especially the novices, to choose the methodology that suits the requirements of their mobile develop-ment projects In order to rate the usefulness of the constructed matrix, an electronic version of the matrix was designed and developed, called md-Matrix Detail descriptions of the processes involved in constructing the matrix and designing the electronic version of the constructed matrix are also described Analysis of data gathered from

a questionnaire given after the test of md-Matrix shows that participants fairly agreed that md-Matrix is useful in helping them to develop a mobile application

Chapter XII

eBook Mobile Payment Process Model 127

Shahizan Hassan, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Syamsul Bahrin Zaibon, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Sobihatun Nur Ab Salam, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Studies on the use of mobile payment (m-payment) method for buying electronic book (e-book) are very scarce, possibly not yet available Consequently, a study was undertaken to accomplish the main aim of proposing an m-payment model for marketing and purchasing e-books A number of process flow models are proposed to serve

as diagrammatic representations of the process models that are of concerned The models clearly specify all the entities involved, such as Telco, merchants, buyers, and e-book providers, and how the data and transactions, are flowing from one entity to another The processes of browsing, buying, and downloading e-books are also docu-mented In validating the process flow models, two prototypes, a WAP and WEB environments, were developed and tested to assess the model and system acceptance rating Key findings indicate that m-payment is the most preferred payment method for buying e-book in higher learning institutions and the acceptance factors of such technology were found to be on the high and positive side

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Chapter XIII

Innovative Marketing Strategies for Wireless Broadband Services in the Sri Lankan Context 139

Dilupa Ranatunga, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

Rasika Withanage, University of Wales, UK

Dinesh Arunatileka, Freelance, Sri Lanka

This chapter describes marketing strategies in concept for wireless broadband services in the Sri Lankan market

It also emphasizes different technologies offering fixed and mobile broadband services Wi-Fi services which are mentioned here has been on offer for few years but actual marketing of such services are not actively done in Sri Lanka Various marketing strategies that could be used to market this technology are also analyzed to gain an insight

to all readers In addition, a grid is provided to help readers to choose between different available technologies

Chapter XIV

Extending Collaborative Business Model with Mobility and its Implementation in the Medical

Tourism Industry 150

Amit Lingarchani, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Mobility has a major impact on the collaborative abilities of business processes This chapter discusses an approach

to extending the collaborative business process model with mobility Furthermore, this chapter also demonstrates how the mobile collaborative approach works in the “Medical Tourism” industry Specifically, this chapter consid-ers the booming Medical Tourism industry in India, which combines the travel of a person from a typical western nation (such as United States, United Kingdom, or Australia) to India to carry out a medical procedure (such as a heart operation) which would otherwise take a long waiting time and/or cost in multiples There is a corresponding need and opportunities for collaboration between various available services like lodging, transport, pharmacies, insurance, and hospital organizations This collaboration is important for the business and also for the consumer – the patient and the caregivers associated with the patient

Chapter XV

Mobile Applications Development Methodology 160

Rok Rupnik, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Mobile application development needs to handle the nuances of mobility as the process for development can be different The mobile applications development methodology therefore needs to focus on the uniqueness of mobile applications, which is context-based computing The mobile applications development methodology in this chapter

is based on the research of the author that results in appropriate development phases and tasks which are carried out in order to produce a robust mobile application

Chapter XVI

Real Time Decision Making and Mobile Technologies 173

Value of business decision making depends on the availability of the required data and information at the right place and right time This availability of information results in what is understood as knowledge to the business Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been used to discern knowledge from data which can then be effectively converted to wisdom by the decision makers This chapter goes into the details of how mobility is ideally positioned to provide knowledge and wisdom to the business decision makers through the location-independent correlation between variously located data and information

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Chapter XVII

Channel Optimization for On Field Sales Force by Integration of Business Software on Mobile Platforms 182

Rishi Kalra, Symbiosis International University, India

Amit Nanchahal, Symbiosis International University, India

Mobile Sales Force Automation can enhance the ability of sales teams to streamline their sales, supply chain and distribution networks The ability of mobility to optimize the sales processes is further capitalized, as discussed in this chapter, by integrating sales-related software applications on a common mobile platform for business software This integrated mobile platform and its relevance to sales is the core theme of this chapter

Chapter XVIII

A Composite Software Framework Approach for Mobile Application Development 194

Mohammed Maharmeh, University of Western Sydney, Australia

Mobile application development can succeed only when it is supported by corresponding software development processes The authors have discovered that no one particular type of software process (such as waterfall, itera-tive, rapid, or agile) is suitable exclusively for a development project This chapter presents the use of Composite Application Software Development Process Framework (CASDPF) that brings together the best of each of these types of processes for Mobile Applications Development

Chapter XIX

Mobile Devices and Mobile Applications: Key Future Trends 200

Carol Charsky, TWU, School of Management, USA

Mahesh Raisinghani, TWU, School of Management, USA

This chapter is based on the need to have a strategic approach to incorporate mobile devices and their corresponding software and applications in an organization-wide strategy The literature in this chapter deals with the common mobile devices, their operating systems and their critical applications This literature study provides further basis for how to balance budgets and goals with the available mobile technologies in a strategic manner

Chapter XX

Strategic Approach to Globalization with Mobile Business 206

Walied Askarzai, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia

Mobile technologies provide enormous opportunities for globalization Mobile enables location-independent nectivity that forms the core of the globalization strategy of any organization This chapter discusses the importance

con-of strategic approach to the globalization with mobile business that results in sustainable competitive advantage

Chapter XXI

Business Driven Enterprise Architecture and Applications to Support Mobile Business 214

The Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is an initiative of the Object Management Group (OMG) that considers visual modelling as crucial basis for future application development This same MDA provides opportunity to deliver user driven solutions that unify solutions architecture, information management and business integration MDA-based approach to mobile development is presented in this chapter together with some of the challenges and opportunities in using a business driven Model Driven Architecture approach

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Section II: Sociology and Culture Chapter XXII

Composite Process-Personalization with Service-Oriented Architecture 226

Rajani Shankar Sadasivam, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA

Murat M Tanik, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA

While Web services provide the opportunity to integrate various processes, mobile technologies create the portunities to personalize them This composite process-personalization (CPP) is nicely discussed in this chapter

op-by Sadashivam and Tanik In addition to the technical challenges, the CPP also addresses the need to model and integrate the interaction workers who drive the business processes The chapter here outlines an agent-based ap-proach to composite services development and demonstrates that approach in practice through a case study

Chapter XXIII

Cultural Impacts on the Spread of Mobile Commerce: An International Comparison 245

The “disruptive” nature of mobile technologies implies significant impact on the cultural aspects of a society Conversely, the culture that is made up of the needs, beliefs and norms of a society also impact the usage of mobil-ity This chapter by Wagner and Klaus studies this significant cultural aspect of mobility by highlighting cultures’ differences and their consequences for the diffusion of mobile technologies in business and society, as well as its acceptance in mobile direct marketing and mobile commerce

Chapter XXIV

The Mobile Services Market: An Exploratory Analysis of Mobile Phone Usage by French Consumers 260

Călin Gurău, Montpellier Business School, France

The usability aspects of mobile gadgets play a crucial role in their acceptance by the users Furthermore, this challenge of usability is exacerbated by the ongoing integration and convergence between mobile and wired net-works and services For example, the available bandwidth of a wireless connection, Web navigation on a wireless application and the various input-output methods for such applications are all part of the usability challenges of mobility – especially if the mobile applications are being offered on a common integrated platform This chapter

by Gurau takes a research-based approach in studying the challenges in terms of usability faced by mobile gadget users The survey conducted for this chapter is based in the city of Montpellier in France

Chapter XXV

Mobile Direct Marketing 269

Personalization of mobile devices opens up the gates for direct and focused marketing for businesses Promotion of products and services has, thus, undergone a major revolution – with the mobile technologies providing appealing interfaces and presentations based on timing and location of the user However, there is also a need to balance these advantages with the potential rejection and backlash by the customers if they consider this as an intrusion of their privacy Wagner and Klaus discuss and demonstrate, with examples, this interesting aspect of direct marketing by businesses based on the mobile device usage in this chapter

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Chapter XXVI

Mobile Commerce Adoption in Spain: The Influence of Consumer Attitudes and ICT Usage Behaviour 282

Joaquin Aldas-Manzano, University of Valencia, Spain

Carla Ruiz-Mafe, University of Valencia, Spain

Silvia Sanz-Blas, University of Valencia, Spain

The chapter presents an excellent analysis of the influence of mobile user experience, ICT ownership, Mobile affinity, and Mobile Commerce compatibility in the Mobile-Commerce adoption processes This chapter is based

on an empirical study of 470 mobile users in the context of the Spanish market

Chapter XXVII

Social Aspects of Mobile Technologies on Web Tourism Trend 293

Tiziana Guzzo, IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy

Mobility and the Internet have revolutionized the tourism industry leading to novice ways of utilizing these munications medium, such as medical tourism discussed elsewhere in this handbook This particular chapter

com-by Guzzo, Ferri, and Grifoni outlines the use of mobile and Web technologies in coordinating a travel plan For example, through a combination of mobile Web, the potential traveler can search for various options for his or her travel, plan the travel, buy the tickets, and actually undertake the travel with the potential for dynamically changing the travel plan This chapter is thus an excellent addition to the discussion on the social implications of Web applications and mobile devices and how they positively impact the attitude of the customers that can result

in sustainable tourism

Chapter XXIII

Sources of Trust and Consumers’ Participation in Permission-Based Mobile Marketing 304

Teemu Kautonen, University of Vaasa, Finland

Trust is, by far, the most important social aspect in adoption of mobility This chapter by Karjaluoto and Kautonen goes deeper into this issue of trust that affects the consumers’ desire to offer their personal data in mobile marketing This discussion in this research-based chapter is based on a sampled survey of 200 young Finnish consumers of mobility that lead the authors to conclude that the main source of trust affecting the consumers’ decision to partici-pate in mobile marketing is the company’s media presence, rather than personal experiences or social influence

Chapter XXIX

Social Impacts of Mobile Virtual Communities on Healthcare 316

Alessia D’Andrea, IRPPS-CNR, Rome, Italy

Mobile virtual communities affect all dimensions of life including education, travel, governance, and healthcare This chapter is based on the impact of mobile virtual communities in the healthcare arena Mobile virtual health-care communities are the hub of information exchange amongst patients and physicians This information sharing

is helping in providing pre- and post-event support for the patients as well as exchange of relevant information amongst doctors and other healthcare professionals – as discussed here

Chapter XXX

Impact of Mobile Technologies and Gadgets on Adolescent’s Interpersonal Relationships 328

Jigisha Gala, M.S.University of Baroda, India

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Amongst the wide-ranging impacts of mobility on society, adolescents form a special and significant part The authors in this chapter discuss this impact of mobility on the adolescent social structure including the parents, the teachers, peers/friends, and the young adolescents themselves This chapter is based on a small research project to ascertain the views of the adolescents and the teachers of young adolescents within the Indian context

Chapter XXXI

The Mobile Network as a New Medium for Marketing Communications: A Case Study 334

Matti Leppäniemi, University of Oulu, Finland

Jari Sall, University of Oulu, Finland

Jaako Sinisalo, University of Oulu, Finland

Feng Li, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

This chapter discusses the mobile network as a new medium for marketing communications It illustrates that the mobile medium, defined as two-way communications via mobile handsets, can be utilized in a company’s pro-motion mix by initiating and maintaining relationships First, by using the mobile medium companies can attract new customers by organizing SMS (short message service) -based competitions and lotteries Second, the mobile medium can be used as a relationship building tool as companies can send information and discount coupons to existing customers’ mobile devices or collect marketing research data The authors explore these scenarios by presenting and analyzing a mobile marketing case from Finland The chapter concludes by pondering different future avenues for the mobile medium in promotion mix

Chapter XXXII

Successful Implementation of Emerging Communication Technologies in a Mobile-Intense Organization:

A Case Study of Sydney Airport 343

Keyurkumar J Patel, Box Hill Institute, Australia

Wireless Technology is growing at a phenomenal rate Of the many present challenges highlighted by the author, increased security is one of the main challenges for both developers and end users This chapter presents this important security aspect of implementing a mobile solution in the context of Sydney International airport After tackling initial challenges and issues faced during the implementation of wireless technology, this chapter demon-strates how security issues and wireless application were implemented at this mobile-intense airport organization The decision to deploy and manage the wireless spectrum throughout the Airport campus meant that the wireless LAN had to share the medium with public users, tenants and aircraft communications on the same bandwidth Therefore, this case study also demonstrates invaluable approach to protect unintended users from breach of exist-ing security policies adopted by their corporate network Authentication and data privacy challenges, as well as complete WLAN connectivity for tenants, public and corporate usage is presented in this case study

Section III: Technology, Networks and Security Chapter XXXIII

ISI Cancellation in 4G Wireless Mobiles 354

Kumar Priyatam, BVB Collage of Engineering and Technology, India

R M Banakar, BVB Collage of Engineering and Technology, India

B Shankaranand, National Institute of Technology, India

Channel estimation is a technique to understand and optimize the behaviour of a communications channel Identifying and improving on the accuracy of channel estimation can improve system performance in a wireless environment that can result and fast and reliable communications This chapter discusses the critical and limiting challenges of communication channels and approaches to addressing them, such as the SISO estimation

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Chapter XXXIV

RFID and Supply Chain Visibility 368

Sumeet Gupta, Shri Sankaracarya Institute of Management and Technology, India

Miti Garg, The Logistics Institute – Asia Pacific, Singapore

Heng Xu, The Pennsylvania State University, USA

Mark Goh, NUS Business School, The Logistics Institute – Asia Pacific, Singapore

The supply chains have become increasingly complex and interdependent in the globalization era Regulatory authorities are demanding stricter customer compliance, and customers are demanding real-time data for better decision making At the same time, customer demand is becoming more erratic thus the need for enhanced supply chain coordination with an objective to enhance overall customer value Radio Frequency Identification RFID, an enabler of supply chain visibility, has the potential to provide customers with large amounts of information at any point in the movement of goods through the supply chain This technology complements the barcode technology However, with the acceptance of RFID technology, several managerial and technical issues arise The focus of this chapter is to thus discuss the relevance of the RFID technology for enabling supply chain visibility and adoption related issues

Chapter XXXV

Cell Broadcasting Opportunities of Modern Mobile Communications and Its Usage in Emergency

Warning Facilities 375

Ioannis P Chochliouros, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A (OTE), Greece

Anastasia S Spiliopoulou, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A (OTE), Greece

George Agapiou, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A (OTE), Greece

Nikolaos Lazaridis, M.D Ph.D , Greece

Cell Broadcasting (CB) is a cellular-based public notification system that has immense potential usage mainly in emergency warning facilities, at the global level, CB can broadcast a text alert or message to a large number of people (independently of their network operators) specific to a geographical area, covered either by a single cell

or by the entire (regional or national) network The CB feature of modern mobile networks creates opportunities for management of natural and manmade disasters This chapter analyzes options for further evolution in several sectors including political, technical, and regulatory perspectives

Chapter XXXVI

Mobility for Secure Multi-Factor “Out of Band” Authentication 388

Matthew Tatham, Alacrity Technologies, Australia

Arsi Honkanen, Alacrity Technologies, Australia

This chapter deals with the all important security aspect of mobility Wireless transmissions include highly sensitive data that can lead itself to financial fraud This chapter identifies and describes the issues surrounding the secure authentication of individuals attempting to access or transact with organizations using “wireless” online networks This chapter then explains how to secure access to sensitive data with the use of multi-factor “out of band” authentication Using CLEW, a mobile security product developed by the author’s company

Chapter XXXVII

Asynchronous Communication Protocol for Multiple Transactions in Mobile Architecture for a

Mobile Agent System 399

Anand Kuppuswami, Dialog Information Technology, Australia

This chapter describes mobile agents and their frameworks While issues like latency factor, abrupt disconnection

in service and minimal processing power appear to have been solved in the mobile agent paradigm, there is still

a need to handle mobile transaction capabilities This chapter deals with the use of mobile agent framework to

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incorporate transaction capabilities An example Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is shown in use of the framework.

Chapter XXXVIII

Reliable Computing in Heterogeneous Networks: A Review Report 405

R B Patel, M M Engineering College, India

Vijay Athavale, JIET, Jind, Haryana, India

One of the biggest challenges in future application development is device heterogeneity on varying mobile networks This chapter presents a prototype for secure and reliable computing that addresses the issues and challenges in building multi-platform mobile applications that can run on heterogeneous devices Furthermore, this chapter also describes how to allow a user to move/migrate a running application among heterogeneous devices that might be operating among different networks

Chapter XXXIX

Mobility in IP Networks 422

Sanjay Jasola, Wawasan Open University, Malaysia

Ramesh C Sharma, Indira Gandhi National Open University, India

Next generation telecom networks will be having convergence of the so called “Quad” functions voice, data, TU, and streamity on IP based mobility solutions Mobile IP is a TCP/IP-based protocol that has been standardized

by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) for supporting mobility Mobile IP is part of both IPv4 and IPv6 standards Mobile IP works at network layer (layer 3), influencing the routing of packets and can easily handle mobility among different media This chapter discusses different technical operations involved in Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6 and compares them

Chapter XL

Role of Mobile Technologies in an Environmentally Responsible Business Strategy 432

Bharti Trivedi, DDU Nadiad, India

This chapter aims to investigate and expand the role of mobile technologies in an Environmentally Responsible Business Strategy (ERBS) An ERBS with mobile technologies has the potential to help organizations achieve socially responsible goals of reducing green house emissions, reducing physical movement of men and materials, and recycling materials This chapter delves deeper into the role of mobile technologies in creating and enhancing what can be considered as Environmental Intelligence (EI) – extending business intelligence with mobility for a Green enterprise

Chapter XLI

Mobile Technologies Extending ERP Systems 440

Dirk Werth, Institute for Information Systems at German Research Centre for Artificial

on enterprise efficiency The improvement possibilities in ERP due to mobility range from sales activities, over logistic processes, up to effects on the human resource management

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Chapter XLII

Techniques for Exploiting Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks 445

Ataul Bari, University of Windsor, Canada

Arunita Jaekel, University of Windsor, Canada

A sensor network consists of tiny, low-powered, and multifunctional sensor devices and is able to perform complex tasks through the collaborative efforts of a large number of sensor nodes that are densely deployed within the sens-ing field Maintaining connectivity and maximizing the network lifetime are among the critical considerations in designing sensor networks and its protocols Conservation of limited energy reserves at each sensor node is one

of the greatest challenges in a sensor network It has been suggested that mobility of some nodes/entities in a sor network can be exploited to improve network performance in a number of areas, including coverage, lifetime, connectivity and fault-tolerance In this context, techniques for effectively utilizing the unique capabilities of mobile nodes have been attracting increasing research attention in the past few years In this chapter, the authors will focus on some of the new and innovative techniques that have been recently proposed to handle a number of important problems in this field They will also present a number of open problems and some developing trends and directions for future work in this emerging research area

sen-Chapter XLIII

Independent Component Analysis Algorithms in Wireless Communication Systems 456

Sargam Parmar, Ganpat University, India

In commercial cellular networks, like the systems based on direct sequence code division multiple access MA), many types of interferences can appear, starting from multi-user interference inside each sector in a cell to interoperator interference Also unintentional jamming can be present due to co-existing systems at the same band, whereas intentional jamming arises mainly in military applications Independent Component Analysis (ICA) use

(DSCD-as an advanced pre-processing tool for blind suppression of interfering signals in direct sequence spread spectrum communication systems utilizing antenna arrays The role of ICA is to provide an interference-mitigated signal to the conventional detection Several ICA algorithms exist for performing Blind Source Separation (BSS) ICA has been used to extract interference signals, but very less literature is available on the performance, that is, how does

it behave in communication environment This needs an evaluation of its performance in communication ment This chapter evaluates the performance of some major ICA algorithms like Bell and Sejnowski’s infomax algorithm, Cardoso’s Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Eigen matrices (JADE), Pearson-ICA and Comon’s algorithm in a communication blind source separation problem Independent signals representing Sub-Gaussian, Super-Gaussian and mix users are generated and then mixed linearly to simulate communication signals Separa-tion performance of ICA algorithms measure by performance index

environ-Chapter XLIV

A Case Study in the Installation of Wi-Fi Networks in a Chemical Manufacturing Unit in India 464

Bhargav Bhatt, Ultra InfoTech, India

This chapter describes a case study on installation of a Wi-Fi network in a chemical manufacturing company in India in order to connect its various dispersed manufacturing units, as well as the administrative offices Initial studies indicated that a physical network was not appropriate due to the local corrosive chemical environment; the author’s company was invited to install Wi-Fi network within the complex This chapter reports on how the project progressed, the lessons learnt and the way to approach this kind of work in future in terms of wireless networking

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Chapter XLV

Social Context for Mobile Computing Device Adoption and Diffusion: A Proposed Research Model

and Key Research Issues 472

Andrew P Ciganek, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, USA

K Ramamurthy, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, USA

The purpose of this chapter is to explore and suggest how perceptions of the social context of an organization moderate the usage of an innovative technology We propose a research model that is strongly grounded in theory and offer a number of associated propositions that can be used to investigate adoption and diffusion of mobile computing devices for business-to-business (B2B) interactions (including transactions and other informational exchanges) Mobile computing devices for B2B are treated as a technological innovation An extension of existing adoption and diffusion models by considering the social contextual factors is necessary and appropriate in light of the fact that various aspects of the social context have been generally cited to be important in the introduction of new technologies In particular, a micro-level analysis of this phenomenon for the introduction of new technologies

is not common Since the technological innovation that is considered here is very much in its nascent stages there may not as yet be a large body of users in a B2B context Therefore, this provides a rich opportunity to conduct academic research We expect this chapter to sow the seeds for extensive empirical research in the future

to consider the business paradigm in terms of policies-processes-standards This chapter based on experimental research carried out by the authors, demonstrates how the technologies of WS open up the doors to collaborative Enterprise Architecture Integration (EAI) and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) resulting in developing mobile applications

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services messaging protocol, caching, and fault tolerance This chapter also points out the limitations of the current approaches and outlines the future research directions on wireless Web services.

Chapter XLIX

Investigation into the Impact of Integration of Mobile Technology Applications into Enterprise

Architecture 529

David Curtis, MethodScience, Australia

Ming-Chien (Mindy) Wu, University of Western Sydney, Australia

The Mobile Enterprise Architecture (M-EA) model provides the organization with advantages of real-time business processing, better customer, and end-user services, and the addition of increased control across the entire organi-sation The MEA function focuses on the collection and analysis of information including software applications, business processes, business information (data), technology, and governance (people) The chapter presents an overview of EA and M-EA models and also includes investigations of the advantages; limitations and blueprint overcome those challenges of M-EA implementation

Chapter L

Security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 541

Ekata Mehul, Gujarat University, India

Vikram Limaye, India

Accessibility of “Wireless Ad Hoc Network” (WAHN) is an advantage as well as a challenge, particularly from a security viewpoint Wireless security solutions include encryption, secure routing, quality of service, and so forth However, each of these solutions is designed to operate in a particular situation; and it may fail to work success-fully in other scenarios This chapter offers an alternate to improving the trustworthiness of the neighbourhood and securing the routing procedure This security is achieved by dynamically computing the trust in neighbours and selecting the most secure route from the available ones for the data transfer There is also a provision to detect the compromised node and virtually removing it from the network

Chapter LI

Data Warehousing and Decision Support in Mobile Wireless Patient Monitoring 559

Barin N Nag, Department of Management, Towson University, USA

Mark Siegal, National Library of Medicine, USA

Patient care has undergone dramatic improvement due to mobility However, the volume of patient monitoring data mandates the use of Decision Support Systems (DSS) that provide clinical diagnoses and treatment methodol-ogy consistent with the urgency This chapter describes clinical DSS that helps healthcare professionals, reduces workload, and providing better care for patients

Section IV: Case Studies Chapter LII

Case Studies in Mobile Business 568

This chapter describes mobile business applications and initiatives in companies who successfully implemented their go-to-market strategy in the wireless world This chapter starts by describing the current market situation for mobile environment This is followed by discussion on the Lateral Marketing approach and then some examples

of mobile applications and services related to the approach

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Chapter LIII

Secure Payment in Mobile Business: A Case Study 578

Chitra Subramanian, Australia

Mobile commerce offers consumers the convenience and flexibility of mobile services anytime and at any place Secured and private mobile business processes using a mobile gadget for payments are essential for the success

of mobile commerce Mobile payment is the process of two parties exchanging financial value using a mobile device in return for goods and services This chapter is an analysis of the secure mobile payment services for real automated point of sale (PoS), which are frequently used in terminals such as vending machines

Chapter LIV

Convergence in Mobile Internet with Service Oriented Architecture and Its Value to Business 584

Convergence of mobile technologies as discussed in this chapter includes RFID technology, Bar code and ices Thus the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in this convergence is the mainstay of the discussion in this chapter

serv-Chapter LV

Balancing Business, Technology, and Global Expertise 595

N Raghavendra Rao, SSN School of Management & Computer Applications, India

The concept of virtual organization requires a fine balance between business and technology Globalized virtual organizations need to share common resources for communications, computing power, and data Grid and mobile computing concepts also needs to be integrated in such global scenario, as discussed in this chapter

Chapter LVI

Improving Clinical Practice through Mobile Medical Informatics 604

Tagelsir Mohamed Gasmelseid, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

This chapter introduces the use of mobile medical informatics as a means for improving clinical practice in Sudan Mobility, together with medical informatics, provides opportunities for discovering patterns in complex clinical situations Furthermore, the author brings together the Chaos Theory with mobile medical informatics to provide sound basis for information systems, that is based on understanding of intricate relationships between different factors influencing medical informatics

Chapter LVII

Traffic Management System (TMS) using WiMAX 615

Ishan Bhalla, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Kamlesh Chaudhary, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

This chapter describes Mobile WiMAX and demonstrates how it can be combined with GPS (Global Positioning System) for Traffic Management, solve traffic related offences and help in providing a clear way for PSV’s (Public safety vehicles) like fire brigades and ambulances Mobile WiMAX has increasingly gained extensive support in the industry Demand on wireless internet bandwidth is increasing Mobile WiMAX, also called WirelessMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks.), is Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) of the Metro Mobile WiMAX offers wireless Internet experience within the city as Wi-Fi offers within your office or home This capability of Mobile WiMAX

is presented here by Bhalla and Chaudhary, and applied for traffic management problem

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Chapter LVIII

Transformation of Business Processes of Export Companies to a Proposed Collaborative Environment

with the Aid of Web Services and Mobile Technologies 624

Abbass Ghanbary, University of Western Sydney, Australia

Manish Desai, ImpexDocs, Australia

This chapter explains the results of an action research carried out at ImpexDocs in Sydney, Australia The purpose

of this action research is to investigate the business processes of the Export Companies that collaborate with the organizations involved in customs in Australia The chapter provides an insight into applications of Collaborative Business Process Engineering (CBPE) in terms of improving the effectiveness and efficiency for all organizations involved in custom (especially export) The study demonstrates an understanding of the depth analyses of existing business processes under development investigates the collaboration between the export companies system with other enterprises involved, investigates the existing channels of collaboration and the common business processes threads that run thru multiple applications

About the Contributors 635 Index 647

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xxxi

Foreword

Mobile technologies, mobile business and the relevance of mobility, overall, to our society have been a core area

of my work over the past few years As an active researcher and the organizer and past chair of the International Conference on Mobile Business series, I have been privileged to observe the advances in research and the prac-tice of mobility in business and society This handbook is an excellent representation globally of the mobility movement Mobility includes the study of mobile devices, the capacities and security of wireless networks, the various ways to source contents for mobile service providers, the usability issues of small screen devices, mobile enterprise architectures, and the entertainment and educational value of mobility – to name but a few These areas

of mobility in business and society are highlighted in this second edition, edited by Dr Unhelkar

While I had the privilege of reviewing and writing the foreword to the previous edition of this handbook (which still remains a significant contribution to the field of mobility) this second edition has provided new and unique discussions from contributing authors in the areas of strategic use of mobility, context awareness in mobile computing, transitioning to mobile business, mobile networks and the ever increasing importance of the applica-tion of any technology (mobile technology in this case) to the environment My own philosophy of research in the

mobile domain is that industry practitioners and academics must collaborate to understand, document and provide

practical solutions to the challenges of adopting mobility Therefore, it is pleasing to once again note the inclusion

of numerous industry case studies in this book

As with the previous edition, this handbook provides a judicious combination of reporting research as well as sharing industrial expertise These contributed chapters bring to the reader a sensible and practical combination

of the theory and practice of mobility in business The wide coverage of topics and the variety of contributors to this handbook make this book an excellent addition to the literature on mobile business

The chapters in this book are of excellent quality and well referenced They provide avid researchers with further links to extend and expand their research The contributions to this handbook are from authors with vary-ing backgrounds from a number of countries The sharing of practical experiences from authors from around the globe y has been achieved in this edited work

I highly recommend this handbook, and its previous edition, to both researchers and practitioners in the industry

as an invaluable desktop reference This book will not only aid practitioners in what they are currently doing with mobile business, but will also open up numerous directions for further investigative research work

Associate Professor Dr Elaine Lawrence

Head: School of Computing and Communications, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology

University of Technology, Sydney

ICMB 2005 Conference General Co Chair

Sept 2008, Sydney

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xxxii

Preface

Communication is the Key!

A Very Fast Moving World

The person who can predict what is going to happen next in the field of mobile technologies and business might

as well be gazing at a crystal ball The difficulties that arise in predicting the next steps in the field of mobility are related to the rapid changes in all dimensions of mobility The networks and contents related to mobile business are changing; the networks to transmit those contents are undergoing major change on their own, and the expecta-tions of user experiences from a wide cross section of users are climbing beyond reach This Second edition of the

“Handbook of Research in Mobile Business” is in your hands precisely because of the aforementioned difficulty The world of mobile technologies and business is undergoing a revolution of such mammoth proportions that no aspect of technology, business, or society remains untouched by it While the discussion in the precursor to this edition still remain valid, and covers a wide area of this rapidly expanding domain, the current discussions cover many new thoughts and case studies, including mobile strategies application, gadgets, networks, contents, and myriad related elements In fact, mobile technologies and their corresponding application to business is changing

so fast that an acute need was felt to extend and augment to what was so rigorously edited and published a little more than a couple of years ago While the discussions in the first edition of this handbook are still relevant to business, the world of mobile business has changed so rapidly that it now demands further discussions on how to incorporate mobility in business and what are its repercussions The thinkers, researchers, scholars, consultants, and other practitioners who have contributed to the first edition had also felt the need for adding to and updating

to what they had to say earlier, to share newer experiences, advantages and pitfalls; and finally, the publisher could also see this need and decided to produce this second edition of the handbook

Value of Mobility is in Business

Most of these topics and chapters in this handbook are new contributions from the participating authors This second edition of the Handbook of Research in Mobile Business covers a wide gamut of topics relevant to use of mobile technologies in business such as mobile networks, applications, contents, security, processes, and social acceptability Furthermore, again like the previous edition, this book is a judicious combination of research and

practice That forms the precise value of this book – the value it provides to business in enabling it to incorporate mobility in its business operations in a strategic manner While there are some pure technical chapters in this

work that include topics like networking, security, and applications, there are other chapters that bring a totally different perspective to mobility – such as privacy and legal issues, application to the environment, changes to the organizational structures and the effect of mobility on telecommuting

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xxxiii

As such, the mission of this second edition is the same as the first one:

“To make a substantial contribution to the literature on “mobility” encompassing excellence in research and novation as well as demonstrated application of mobile technologies to mobile business”

in-Core Contents of this Handbook

Methods and applications, strategies, technical, networks , social and core studies

Audience

Following are the major categories of readers for this book:

• Strategic Management / Senior Management / CxOs / will find the earlier discussions on strategic use of

mobile technologies in business extremely relevant to what they are doing That section of the book will be immense help to the readers in setting the strategic directions of their organizations with respect to mobil-ity– especially because these chapters have been contributed by practicing senior managers

• Researchers and academics will find numerous hooks in the research-based chapters of this book in terms

of identifying areas of research, as well as following research methods when dealing with “mobility” Thus, the strong research focus of this book – especially the detailed and relevant references at the end of each contributed chapter, the research methodologies followed and the discussions on research results (especially some excellent “action research” based case studies) make this book an ideal reference point for active re-searchers in this area

• Programmers and architects of mobile-enabled software systems will find the discussions on technologies,

networks, and security directly applicable to their work

• Business process modellers and information architects will find the chapters dealing with incorporation

of mobile technologies in business processes quite relevant

• Methodologists and Change Managers will be interested in the chapters that describe the transition

pro-cesses from existing to mobile businesses

• Sociologists and legal experts will find the discussions on cross-border socio-cultural issues in applications

of mobile technologies and the resultant globalization of businesses a fascinating read

Critiques

Readers are invited to submit criticism of this work It will be an honour to receive genuine criticisms and ments on the chapters and their organization in this edited book I am more than convinced that your criticisms will not only enrich the knowledge and understanding of the contributory authors and myself, but will also add to the general wealth of knowledge available to the ICT and Mobile community Therefore, I give you, readers and

com-critiques, a sincere thank you in advance.

Bhuvan Unhelkar

www.methodscience.com

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xxxiv

Acknowledgment

The editor gratefully acknowledges all contributing authors of the chapters appearing in this book Furthermore,

I would specifically also like to thank the following individuals who put in varied effort to make this edition of value

of their creative and sometimes morbid fascination with mobile technologies and gadgets

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xxxv

About the Editor

Dr Bhuvan Unhelkar (BE, MDBA, MSc, PhD; FACS) has 26+ years of strategic as well as hands-on

profes-sional experience in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their application to business and management He has notable international consulting and training expertise in software engineering (modelling, processes and quality), information architecture, service-oriented architecture, enterprise globalisation, web ser-vices and mobile business His domain expertise includes Telecommunications, Governance, Finance and Banking

He earned his Doctorate in the area of “object orientation” from the University of Technology, Sydney He leads the mobile research group at the University of Western Sydney, where he is also an adjunct Associate Professor

He has practised and trained business executives and ICT professionals around the world, taught in universities and authored 12 books (+currently completing 2) in the areas of Global Information Systems, Mobile Business, Software Excellence and Business Process Re-engineering He is Fellow of the Australian Computer Society, Life member of the Computer Society of India and a Rotarian at St Ives in Sydney

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Section I Strategies and Methods

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Chapter I Strategic View on Creating

Business Value through

Mobile Technologies

Houman Younessi

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA

Abstract

Business value from any technology comes when it is applied, in practice, by the business to earn economic as well

as social advantage This is particularly true of mobile technologies, wherein their ability to provide location and time independence is a significant advantage to business Such an advantage, however, can only be derived when mobile technologies are carefully incorporated, with a long-term strategic view in mind This chapter describes and discusses such strategic view of mobile technologies in order to create business value

Introduction

This chapter deals with how mobile technologies might

create business value The main arguments revolve

around an analysis of the concept of value and the

idea of strategic incorporation of technology – in our

case mobile technologies – in the business process

These arguments are developed by recognizing that

the concept of business value subsumes the concept

of profit Profit oriented economic viability is a

neces-sary but not sufficient condition for creation of value

(Freeman et al., 2007-2008; Figge and Hahn, 2005)

A distinction needs to be made between utility value,

assessed subjectively by customers, which is related

to the concept of product quality, exchange value,

which is realized in the form of revenue and economic

profits and essential value, realized in the fundamental

improvement of the societal condition There is – in other words – a rising tide of informed opinion that sees ethical, moral, cultural and ecological sustain-ability of the firm and of the society as fundamental in any analysis of the purpose and goals of organizations and their approach to creation of value The discussion herein applies these otherwise subjective concepts to value creation in a mobile business

In line with such considerations, value creation and ultimately value maximization have as much to do with what product is available, as they do with where

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Strategic View on Creating Business Value through Mobile Technologies

to sell it, to whom, when and at what price, but also

– and unfortunately much ignored – why? Consider,

for example, the offering of a mobile service to a sales

force Value maximization, has a lot to do with demand

and how one navigates or manipulates this concept to

one’s advantage Value maximization also has to do

with the amount of supply and competing products

that can satisfy the same demand Simply put, values

are maximized when each item to be sold is sold at

the highest return possible for that particular item to

be sold From there on, it is all about figuring out the

right mix By this we mean: determining which item

should be sold where and when We will see shortly

however, that such maximization produces potentially

only a local maximum A strategic plan that aims to

create, reconfigure or improve an enterprise model or

process must be cognizant of such distinctions relative

to the concept of value We will discuss this in some

great detail later in the chapter

Mobile technologies, as a part of an enterprise

process remodeling option, offer some unique

characteristics that are not available from other

communications technologies The powerful dual

feature afforded by mobility of ‘time and location’

independence provides for immense potentials in

en-hancing the capabilities of the enterprise comparable

only to earlier technological revolutions such as the

original introduction of computing or electronic

com-munication to the business world (Greenfield, 2006;

Hansmann, 2003) Use of mobile technologies enables

businesses to create and manage business processes

that are not tied to a particular user location This

ability to handle business transactions at any place

and time opens up opportunities for businesses to do

a much better job of customizing, personalizing and

altering their offerings to suit the customers -as time

imperatives demand it Furthermore, the relative low

costs and abundant availability of mobile gadgets such

as mobile phones, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants)

and integrated devices such as iPhones (latest release

from Apple, in mid-2007) has brought the potential of

mobility within the grasp of many organizations It

should be however stressed that the ready availability

of a plethora of such low cost devices can be a potential

trap for organizations contemplating making a move

towards becoming a mobile business Becoming a

mobile business takes much more than just equipping

the sales force with handheld devices

Using mobile gadgets to carry out the same business

processes that would otherwise have been conducted

in a physical manner is not a true strategic use of

mobility This is so because, as with some previous

revolutionary technologies, such usage would only

be automation of the existing processes, a move that although at times economically efficacious, is often sub-optimal in its scope Strategic use of mobility must benefit from a ‘ground-up’ holistic thinking, consid-eration of all internal as well as external factors of a business whether they might be, or are deemed to be, influenced by mobility or not! The greatest benefits always hide in corners into which one does not think

of looking Consideration of the human element, tive to customers’ employees and other stakeholders must feature paramount in our considerations The objective of introducing mobile technologies in short

rela-is to “re-“optimize the enterprrela-ise in terms of its ability

to create value, using the new potential available in

terms NOT of mobile technologies per se but in terms

of time and space independence It is the concept that

is the enabler not the technology

Strategic Business View

Today’s business exists in a tetherless world The next stage of the communication revolution is wire-less/mobile communication The potential for the elimination of physical connectivity between com-municating devices results in profound changes in the nature of the relationship between people and processes For example, the impact of mobility on the organization of the business and its relationship with customers can be potentially significant (Green-field, 2006) The ability of businesses and customers

to connect to each other – independent of time and location – is of course the core driver of this change There is, thus, a corresponding social and behavioral revolution that is taking place hand-in-hand with the technological one mentioned earlier However there is sufficient evidence extant, anecdotal and otherwise, pointing to the profound social and organizational changes that will be inevitable as a consequence of the (m-) revolution

What is important to recognize is that, in general, technology is neither a necessary nor a sufficient pre-cursor for productivity or progress In fact, without due strategic considerations as are discussed in this chapter, technology can occasionally be detrimental to both! Consider, for example, the fact that the average time spent on a “computer” at work has increased by more than 60% compared only to a decade ago Yet almost twice as many people feel that they are less productive in their jobs than workers did ten years ago

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Strategic View on Creating Business Value through Mobile Technologies

The “paperless office” is consuming almost four times

the paper the – I guess we can call it the “papered”

office - consumed There are many technical, process

and social issues that have emerged as a consequence

of introduction of information and communication

technologies The emergence of such issues has proven

inevitable and universal; in the sense that they are

not necessarily unique to the interaction of ICT and

the work environment With the advent of mobile

technologies and the infusion of such technologies

into business, social and behavioral re-orientation

will be a certainty

The challenge, as mentioned earlier, is not so much

with the technology but rather with the way in which

it is applied More specifically, these challenges are

as follows:

1 Recognizing and understanding the mobile

technology that is available and its limitations

as well as its potentials We often expect too

much, too soon,

2 Recognizing that it is not the mobile device or

even the currently available technology that is

the central issue but the process transformation,

the new enabling concept, that is the core

trans-former In our case, as I had mentioned before,

it is not the PDA, it is the concept of time and

location independence that is central

3 Understanding that each new concept, each new

technology including in the case of our

discus-sion, each new advance in mobile technologies

is a potential avenue for re-optimization of the

enterprise No optimization however is

mean-ingful, productive or even possible without

first identifying the objective, the goal towards

which we optimize I briefly stated earlier that

we must not take our eyes off the objective of

value creation and value maximization This

is the goal and not for example to have a sales

force that can submit orders within 30 seconds

of having taken them Such capability may not

be necessary, it may even be detrimental to

business

4 The process of introduction of the technology

concerned and the management of the change

that ensues We must have a very definite and

capable process of change management, a

pro-cess of transition

Nowhere are the four above observations more valid

than when we discuss the potential of technologies that

have been called “disruptive” This is a natural and obvious consequence The more revolutionizing the technology, the more paramount the four issues above would loom A long-term, well balanced, strategic view that is aimed at re-aligning (re-optimizing) the enterprise with our value creation objectives using the newly extant technology is therefore essential

Why is Value and Value Creation so Important

Value creation, we said, subsumes the concept of profit and that profit oriented economic viability is a neces-sary but not sufficient condition for creation of value Let us discuss this further and then see how we can ap-ply value creation to mobile business We distinguished

between utility value, exchange value and essential

value, We also spoke of value maximization and that

the pursuit of maximizing only exchange value would

be potentially only a local maximization

The concept of elasticity of demand plays an portant role here (Keat and Young; 2005) Elasticity

im-of demand means to what degree can/would demand for a product change given changes in the economic environment, such as price? Profit maximization is partially based on the use of elasticity information

to the benefit of the firm Would it not be valuable to know demand levels and the elasticity’s of demand and price before hand when we decide on a market-ing strategy?

Demand and price estimation and forecasting would help indicate to us the required levels of pro-duction and is invaluable information for businesses who wish to thrive Information must be gathered on prices, competing products, incomes and wealth, and many other factors in order to set correct policy This

is all however elementary!

Value maximization has also to do with cost of production and supply If we could lower our costs – all other things the same – we can make a higher profit At the simple level, costs are best managed when

we make a lot of the same product and do not waste resources making them and they are good enough that all can be sold at the best obtainable price We can do this by improving the efficiency of the process

of production; by ensuing that we build high quality products; and that we are producing in high volume Technology employed and innovation is a major fac-tor in achieving these aims Knowing how much to produce and how to produce high quality products

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