Test bank for management skills and applications 13th edition rue

26 Which of the following represents the philosophy of scientific management.. Scientific management resulted in conflict in interests between workers and management.. Scientific managem

Test Bank for Management Skills and Applications 13th Edition Rue

Multiple Choice Questions

(p 34) The _ approach to management theorizes that different situations and conditions require different

management approaches

1 A contingency

2 B multiple-management

3 C Theory Y

4 D relative

5 E Theory X

(p 30) The _ found that effective supervision made a significant impact on productivity and employee morale

1 A Ohio State Studies

2 B University of Michigan Studies

3 C Gantt studies

4 D Lincoln Electric Company

5 E Hawthorne studies

(p 24) Some of the psychological and physical aspects of a job that impacted productivity which were ignored were

1 A boredom and fatigue.

2 B stress and poor nutrition.

3 C depression and physical disabilities.

4 D intelligence and nutrition.

5 E delegation and job-sharing.

(p 26) Which of the following was not one of the main

principles of the scientific method?

1 A Development of a scientific method of designing jobs to replace the old rule-of-thumb methods.

2 B The scientific selection and progressive teaching and development of

employees.

3 C The bringing together of scientifically selected employees and scientifically developed methods for designing jobs.

4 D Elimination of division of work minimizing interdependence between

management and workers.

5 E Need to study worker strengths and weaknesses and to provide training to improve employee performance.

(p 30) The Hawthorne studies identified that production _ in relationship to _ and psychological conditions rather than the

1 A decreased; ethical; surroundings.

2 B increased; social; environment.

3 C evened out; personal; work pressure.

4 D decreased; personal problems; wages.

5 E increased; incentives; impetus for growth.

(p 29) The Golden Age of Unionism saw an emphasis on

1 A understanding employees and their needs.

2 B methods used to conduct work.

3 C methods used to create higher growth opportunities for all employees.

4 D over time for fuelling chances of growth.

5 E individual bargaining with the union.

(p 24) What differentiated Rockefeller, Duke and Carnegie from their "laissez-faire" predecessors?

1 A They achieved new levels of efficiency.

2 B They utilized new-age communication to grow their industries.

3 C They offered better compensation to their workers.

4 D They involved workers in management decision-making.

5 E They pursued profits and self-interest above all else.

(p 29) Establishment of minimum wages and requirement of time-and-a-half pay for hours worked over 40 in one week was a result of the

1 A Minimum Wage Act.

2 B National Labor Relations Act.

3 C Norris-La Guardia Act.

4 D Fair Labor Standards Act.

5 E Equal Pay Act.

(p 26) Taylor and scientific management were (and still are) attacked as being inhumane and aimed only at

1 A increasing efficiency.

2 B maximizing profits.

3 C tightening management control.

4 D creating interdependencies.

5 E increasing output.

(p 27) What was Morris Cooke's contribution to scientific management?

1 A Application of scientific management to educational and municipal

organizations.

2 B His efforts at popularizing Taylor's ideas.

3 C Use motion picture films to study hand and body movements to eliminate wasted motion.

4 D Research in the areas of fatigue, monotony, micromotion study, and morale.

5 E He was the first to issue a complete statement on a theory of general

management.

(p 32) Dennison believed an organization has the greatest strength if all of its members are

1 A well paid.

2 B centrally controlled.

3 C strongly motivated.

4 D satisfied.

5 E validated.

(p 24) Increased production plus the new need for

systematizing workflow led engineers to

1 A increase compensation for workers.

2 B ignore financial and profit orientations of the business.

3 C begin studying workflows and job content.

4 D undergo re-training in several areas.

5 E take into account workers' attitudes.

(p 23) The _ encompassed the period when the United States began to shift from an almost totally agrarian society

to an industrialized society

1 A U.S Civil War

2 B Renaissance Period

3 C Golden Age

4 D Industrial Revolution

5 E Great Depression

(p 27) Henry Lawrence Gantt is best known for his work in

1 A systems.

2 B groups.

3 C planning.

4 D communication.

5 E production control.

(p 23) Which year is considered as the start of the Industrial Revolution in U.S.?

1 A 1912

2 B 1920

3 C 1860

4 D 1720

5 E 1940

(p 29) The 1920s and most of the 1930s were a period of

1 A scientific management.

2 B interdependence.

3 C multiple-management.

4 D solidification.

5 E resistance.

(p 31) Until the 1930's, managers were placed under the categories of which of the following?

1 A Owner-managers

2 B Scientific managers

3 C Career managers

4 D Professional managers

5 E Theory X managers

(p 27) Gantt was also one of the first management pioneers

to state publicly the

1 A social responsibility of management and business.

2 B separation of management involvement fro production.

3 C interdependence of management and labor.

4 D importance of harmony and unity in an organization.

5 E need for formal channels of communication.

(p 25) _ describes the actions of employees who

intentionally restrict output.

1 A Soldiering

2 B Partnering

3 C Restricting

4 D Stopping

5 E Impeding

(p 28) Henri Fayol identified all of the following as

management principles, except

1 A division of work.

2 B unity of command.

3 C remuneration and centralization.

4 D informal authority.

5 E scalar chain.

(p 29) Which of the following Acts resulted in corresponding obligation for employers to recognize and collectively

bargain with the union?

1 A Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

2 B Railway Labor Act of 1926

3 C Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932

4 D National Labor Relations Act of 1935

5 E Fair Negotiation Act of 1936

(p 27) Carl Barth worked to _ Taylor's ideas

1 A popularize

2 B question

3 C refute

4 D add to

5 E affirm

(p 27) Lillian Gilbreth is popularly referred to as

1 A the Harbinger of Theory X.

2 B The First Lady of Scientific Management.

3 C the Proponent of Theory Y.

4 D the First Lady of Management.

5 E the Mother of the Theory of Motivation.

(p 23) According to Daniel Wren the Industrial Revolution in America removed the dependency on

1 A water and power.

2 B politics and marketing.

3 C coal and human strength.

4 D water and horses.

5 E horses and mails.

(p 28) Fayol developed his list of principles from the

practices he had used most often in his own work What did

he stress on in their application?

1 A Flexibility

2 B Group rewards

3 C Informal communication

4 D Fairness

5 E Scientific management

(p 35) _ attempts to integrate American and Japanese management practices.

1 A Theory Z

2 B multiple-management

3 C Theory X

4 D Deming

5 E Theory Y

(p 26) Which of the following represents the philosophy of scientific management?

1 A Scientific management resulted in conflict in interests between workers and management.

2 B Scientific management emphasized maximum output with human effort through the elimination of interdependence.

3 C Scientific management studies the relationship between a technique and its efficiency.

4 D Scientific management is a philosophy about the relationship between people and work.

5 E Scientific management deals solely with the proper design of the job,

irrespective of the worker.

(p 24) In 1890, most industries were characterized by all of the following, except

1 A managers making on-the-spot decisions and no formal record maintenance.

2 B having become large scale, with markets across the entire nation.

3 C expanded communication and transportation dependency.

4 D technological innovations.

5 E an increase in the use of electricity as a power source.

(p 33) The _ management philosophy encouraged

widespread delegation of authority to solicit the participation

of all employees

1 A process

2 B bottom-up

3 C groups

4 D multiple

5 E team-based

(p 26) Taylor saw the value of matching the job to the

1 A industry.

2 B pay scale.

3 C piece rate structure.

4 D worker.

5 E environment.

(p 26) According to Taylor, division of work would result in all of these between management and workers, except

1 A interdependence.

2 B communication.

3 C cooperation.

4 D conflict.

5 E synergy.

(p 34) The _ approach to management provides a

framework for visualizing internal and external

environmental factors integrated as a whole

1 A scientific

2 B Theory X

3 C process

4 D systems

5 E Theory Y

(p 27) Frank and Lillian Gilbreth used motion picture films to eliminate

1 A systems.

2 B slippage.

3 C boredom.

4 D wasted motion.

5 E errors.

(p 28) How did Fayol and Taylor differ in orientation in their theories?

1 A Taylor stressed management of operative work and Fayol emphasized

management of labor.

2 B Taylor stressed on proper planning while Fayol paid attention to the technical details of management.

3 C Fayol emphasized management's role in an organization while Taylor focused

on coordination of operations.

4 D Taylor and Fayol both believed that the management of operative work was the key to organizational success.

5 E Taylor paid attention to scientific research, while Fayol emphasized the human element at the workplace.

(p 31) Which of the following was a direct result of the Great Depression?

1 A It weakened public confidence in business organizations.

2 B The professional manager became more and more prevalent.

3 C Owner-managers gained momentum in organizations.

4 D A piece-rate method of compensation emerged.

5 E It resulted in innovation and attention to labor rights.

(p 32-33) All of the following were benefits of incorporating the McCormick multiple-management plan, except

1 A the immediate benefit of providing suggestions.

2 B early identification of management talent.

3 C sharing and being responsible for most or all of the detailed planning and research work.

4 D open communication lines.

5 E the junior board of directors performing tasks previously managed by the senior members of the organization.

(p 32) Which of the following uses participation by

promising young employees to form a junior board of

directors?

1 A Scanlon Plan

2 B Process-approach incentive

3 C Taylor's scientific management

4 D McCormick multiple-management plan

5 E McCormick participation plan

(p 27) _ graphically depicts both expected and

completed production

1 A The scientific management

2 B The needs theory

3 C The Gantt chart

4 D Taylor

5 E Scanlon Plan

(p 26) The scientific method involved finding " _" to perform a task

1 A alternate way

2 B the lowest cost

3 C the one best way

4 D efficiency

5 E low dependencies

(p 33) Which of the following theories focuses on the

management functions of planning, commanding,

organizing, coordination, and control?

1 A Scientific management

2 B Theory Y

3 C Theory X

4 D Process approach

5 E Systems approach

True - False Questions

(p 35) Ouchi's Theory Z attempts to integrate American and Japanese management practices; combining the American emphasis on individual responsibility with the Japanese emphasis on collective decision making, slow evaluation and promotion, and holistic concern for employees

1 True

2 False

(p 29) The major difference in the works of Taylor and Fayol was in their approach to management

1 True

2 False

(p 29) The Great Depression of 1929-32 saw the unions

gaining great advantages for the working classes

1 True

2 False

(p 34) Under the systems approach to management, the organization is seen as an open system that is influenced by its internal and external environmental factors

1 True

2 False

(p 25) Taylor observed that most wage systems were based

on attendance and position, without providing sufficient impetus for employees to produce more than required

1 True

2 False

(p 33) Henri Fayol was the first management scholar to

present explicitly a functional analysis of the management process

1 True

2 False

(p 33) The Scanlon Plan encouraged individual rewards as opposed to group rewards

1 True

2 False

(p 26) Scientific management pioneers believed employees could be motivated by economic rewards, provided those rewards were related to individual performance.

1 True

2 False

(p 30) When researchers lowered the levels of illumination in the room at the Hawthorne plant's study site, they noticed a drop in the levels of productivity

1 True

2 False

(p 27) Carl Barth offered significant changes to Taylor's theory of scientific management, contributing to educational and municipal organizations

1 True

2 False

(p 35) According to Ouchi, American-type organizations are characterized by rapid evaluation and promotion, and

nonspecialized career paths

1 True

2 False

(p 29) The 1930s and most of the 1940s were a period in which management became recognized as a discipline

1 True

2 False

(p 34) The term "management theory jungle" was developed

by Harold Koontz to refer to the division of thought that

resulted from the multiple approaches to studying the

management process

1 True

2 False

(p 29) The major difference between Taylor and Fayol was in their orientation - Taylor stressed the management of

operative work, whereas Fayol emphasized the management

of organization

1 True

2 False

(p 26) Scientific management is a philosophy about the

relationship between a technique and its levels of efficiency

1 True

2 False

(p 32) Dennison advocated finding "like-minded" people, grouping them, and then developing the total organizational structure

1 True

2 False

(p 31) The Scanlon plan gave workers a bonus for tangible savings in labor costs.

1 True

2 False

(p 27) The Gantt chart graphically depicts both expected and actual profits

1 True

2 False

(p 36) Total quality management (TQM) emphasizes finding and correcting mistakes and rejects so that the entire

organization excels in all dimensions of products and

services that are important to the customer

1 True

2 False

(p 31) The professional manager does not necessarily have

a controlling interest in the enterprise for which he or she works

1 True

2 False

(p 31) James F Lincoln developed a plan that combined an incentive system with a request for cooperation because he understood that effective cooperation came about by

politeness and consideration for another person's feelings

1 True

2 False

(p 30) The purpose of the Hawthorne studies was to define the relationship between physical working conditions and productivity of the worker

1 True

2 False

(p 34) Proponents of the contingency approach to

management believed in "one best way to manage"; the best way uses mathematical forecasting techniques

1 True

2 False

(p 24) The Wagner Antitrust Act of 1890 sought to check corporate practices "in restraint of trade."

1 True

2 False

(p 29) The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 severely restricted the use of injunctions to limit union activity

1 True

2 False