Bộ sách Scott foresman social Studies gồm các quyển sau: 5.1 Learning About the First Americans 5.2 His Name Was Amerigo 5.3 New World, New Neighbors 5.4 Choosing Freedom 5.5 The War for Independence 5.6 The People Who Gave Us the US Constitution 5.7 Heading West 5.8 The Growing United States 5.9 Women of the Civil War 5.10 Hard Times 5.11 The War at Home 5.12 3, 2, 1, Blastoff 5.13 The Heroes of 911 5.14 Growing and Changing Cities 5.15 Visiting States and Capitals
Trang 1Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction Cause and Effect • Sidebars
• Captions
ISBN 0-328-14915-2 ì<(sk$m)=bejbff< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U By Maureen Blaney Flietner
3, 2, 1, Blastoff!
Fascinating Facts
• Two dogs, Belka and Strelka, were aboard the
Soviets’ Sputnik 5 in 1960 They returned unharmed
after a day in orbit Strelka later gave birth to six
healthy puppies One puppy was given as a gift to
President Kennedy
• Depending on where you are on Earth, where the
spacecraft is, and the time of day, you can see the
International Space Station without a telescope
• Much of the Internet began as a Cold War project to
create a communication system that could survive
a nuclear attack
Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction Cause and Effect • Sidebars
• Captions
ISBN 0-328-14915-2 ì<(sk$m)=bejbff< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U By Maureen Blaney Flietner
3, 2, 1, Blastoff!
Fascinating Facts
• Two dogs, Belka and Strelka, were aboard the
Soviets’ Sputnik 5 in 1960 They returned unharmed
after a day in orbit Strelka later gave birth to six
healthy puppies One puppy was given as a gift to
President Kennedy
• Depending on where you are on Earth, where the
spacecraft is, and the time of day, you can see the
International Space Station without a telescope
• Much of the Internet began as a Cold War project to
create a communication system that could survive
a nuclear attack
Trang 2ISBN: 0-328-14915-2
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc
All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected
by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited
reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding
permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,
Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Write to It!
What part of the space race did you find most interesting? Write a paragraph summarizing that part and explain why it interests you
Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.
Vocabulary
communism propaganda arms race satellite space race
In this book you will read about a race into space
between countries that had different beliefs about
freedom This race now has turned into a chance
for the two countries to work together
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd)
Opener: ©NASA Human Space Flight Gallery, (Bkgd) ©Getty Images
2 ©Getty Images
3 ©Corbis
4 ©Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
5 ©Peter Turnley/Corbis
6 ©Mark Wade
7 ©Mark Wade
9 ©Bettmann/Corbis
10 ©Novosti/Photo Researchers, Inc.
11 ©Corbis
13 ©NASA Human Space Flight Gallery
14 (T) ©Stephen Marks/Getty Images, (B) ©Bob Winsett/Index Stock Imagery
15 (L, R) ©Getty Images
Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona
3, 2, 1, Blastoff!
B
By y M Ma au ur re een en B Bl la aney ney F Fl liie et tn ne er r
Trang 3Missiles and Rockets
To defeat its enemies in World War II, the United States
and its allies fought on the same side as the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union’s leaders believed in communism Under
communism the government owns all the businesses and all
the land Communism was very different from what Americans
believe Americans believe in many personal freedoms
World War II saw the use of many powerful weapons
When the war ended in Europe, the United States and the
Soviet Union wanted to learn about some German weapons
One German weapon was called the V-1 or “buzz bomb,”
because it made a buzzing sound when it flew
The V-1 was used by Germany during World War II
3
Another weapon was called
a V-2 missile It had an engine that carried it up into the sky and then let it fall by the force
of gravity to its target It could send a large bomb more than
150 miles in only five minutes
Blastoff!
What is the difference between a rocket and a missile?
A rocket is an engine that moves by burning fuel The burning fuel makes gases that shoot out the back of the engine When the gases shoot out, they push the rocket, or engine, forward
A missile is a rocket that carries a weapon
A ballistic missile is one that uses an engine to fly very high into the sky After it reaches the sky and flies along a flight path, the engine turns off The missile falls because of gravity until it hits its target
A captured V-2 missile was tested in the United States after World War II
Trang 4Opposing Views
When World War II ended, the United States wanted to
help its allies, and even its former enemies The United States
wanted these countries to become strong and free
The Soviet Union did not want Germany and other countries
to be strong Because it worried that strong countries might
attack it, the Soviet Union forced the countries it controlled at
the end of the war to accept communism The people in those
countries were no longer free
The United States and its allies flew supplies into West Berlin,
Germany, when the Soviets tried to control the whole city.
5
The United States and the Soviet Union had fought together
to win the war Now they were enemies and did not trust each other The Cold War had started
It was a time of propaganda The Soviet Union told
people that communism was powerful The Soviet Union held big parades to show off its tanks, missiles, and weapons
The United States told people that freedom was good and important The United States used radio programs to tell people in communist countries that the American ideology worked
The Soviet Union held parades to show off its weapons
Trang 5Because the two countries did not trust each other, both sides wanted to be ready
in case the other attacked In the United States, scientists tested and built missiles and rockets such as the Viking In the Soviet Union, scientists built one missile called the R-5
Each side was busy making weapons,
or arms It had become a race Each side wanted to have more powerful weapons
than the other side It was an arms race.
The Cold War was dividing the world To help communism spread, the Soviet Union helped other communist governments As a result the United States helped countries that were not communist
The Cold War led to real fighting Wars were fought in Korea and Vietnam to stop the spread of communism
The R-5 missile could travel up to 750 miles.
7
The R-7 missile was the first ICBM
The Space Race
In 1952 scientists asked countries to make satellites
Satellites are objects that orbit, or circle, Earth The scientists wanted to use the satellites to make a map of Earth
In 1957 the Soviets surprised the world by building a missile called an R-7 The R-7 was the first ballistic missile that could
go a very long distance It could even go between continents
It was called an intercontinental ballistic missile, or ICBM R-7 was powerful enough to send a nuclear bomb all the way to the United States or carry a spacecraft into orbit
A few months later, the Soviet Union sent the world’s first satellite into space Sputnik 1 was only the size of a basketball,
but it was much bigger than the small satellite the United States
had planned to launch The space race had begun!
Trang 6Less than a month later, the Soviet Union launched
Sputnik 2 This spacecraft carried a passenger, a dog
named Laika
The United States wanted to launch a satellite into space It started a second satellite program called
Explorer On January 31, 1958, the United States
successfully launched its first satellite It was called the
Explorer I.
The United States wanted to do more in space
It started the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) NASA would lead America’s
way in exploring space
At the same time, both the Soviet Union and the United States were getting better at building missiles Missiles
now could carry many weapons, and they were more
accurate
9
Dog in Space!
Laika, a small Russian dog, became the world’s first space traveler She was on Sputnik 2 so Soviet scientists could find
out if a living creature could be sent into orbit Laika became famous Her picture was on postage stamps in different countries Songs were written about her
Laika was the first living creature in space.
Trang 7In 1959 the Soviet Union again scored a first by sending a
spacecraft around the Moon
In 1961 the Soviet Union sent the first person into space The
Soviets called their space travelers cosmonauts A cosmonaut
named Yuri Gagarin circled Earth and came back safely
A month later, Alan Shepard became the first American
to fly into space Americans called their space travelers
astronauts Several months later, astronaut John Glenn became
the first American to orbit Earth
Yuri Gagarin was the first
person sent into space
11
President John F Kennedy told the world that the space race would end with the landing of a man on the Moon The space race was now a race to the Moon
The United States was busy NASA’s Project Mercury program studied whether people could live in space The Project Gemini program showed how two astronauts could fly and work on a spacecraft The Project Apollo program studied how to land Americans on the Moon and bring them safely back to Earth
Alan Shepard was the first American to fly into space
Trang 8Doing the Moon Walk!
On July 20, 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped off
the landing craft and onto the Moon He said: “That’s one
small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Astronaut Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin followed him onto the
Moon’s surface The two astronauts walked around and
collected rocks to study
The United States had won the space race They had put a
man on the Moon before the Soviet Union
The race to the Moon was over, but the Soviets still
worked on other space projects In 1971 they sent the
world’s first space station called Salyut, into orbit Later, they
replaced Salyut with another space station called Mir.
The United States worked on other projects as well NASA
built a new vehicle called the space shuttle It also launched
a space station called Skylab Skylab showed Americans
that people could live and work in space for months at a
time
The Cold War ended in the early 1990s when the Soviet
Union fell apart Russia, the biggest country that had been
a part of the Soviet Union, now started working with the
United States on space projects
Astronaut Neil Armstrong took this photo of Edwin
“Buzz” Aldrin on the Moon.
13
Trang 9Cool Tools from the Space Race
During the space race, scientists had to think up new ways
to do things The things they learned and made now help
people in many ways Here are just a few things we have
because of space projects
Firefighter Suit
Safer firefighter suits are made from the same
fabric used for astronauts’ space suits.
Smoke Detector
Equipment used to detect poisonous gases in Skylab now lets people know if there are fires in buildings and homes.
15
Many good things have come from the space age More may be ahead Today, the United States and other countries are working together on the biggest science project of all: the International Space Station
On the International Space Station, scientists can study Earth to see how it is changing They can look for new and better ways of doing things
The United States, through NASA, continues to explore space The United States even plans to send astronauts back to the Moon someday It also plans to send humans to Mars and beyond
Computer Joystick
This stick was created by scientists who tried to figure out how to control robots that explored the Moon’s surface.
Ear Thermometer
Ear thermometers use the same technology scientists used as they tried to detect new stars.
Trang 10Glossary
arms race a race to build more and better weapons than the
enemy has
communism a political and economic system in which the
government owns all businesses and land
propaganda a systematic effort to spread opinions or
beliefs
satellite an object that is sent into space and orbits Earth
space race a race between the United States and the Soviet
Union to explore outer space during the Cold War
ISBN: 0-328-14915-2
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc
All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected
by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited
reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding
permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,
Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Write to It!
What part of the space race did you find most interesting? Write a paragraph summarizing that part and explain why it interests you
Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.
Vocabulary
communism propaganda arms race satellite space race
In this book you will read about a race into space
between countries that had different beliefs about
freedom This race now has turned into a chance
for the two countries to work together
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd)
Opener: ©NASA Human Space Flight Gallery, (Bkgd) ©Getty Images
2 ©Getty Images
3 ©Corbis
4 ©Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
5 ©Peter Turnley/Corbis
6 ©Mark Wade
7 ©Mark Wade
9 ©Bettmann/Corbis
10 ©Novosti/Photo Researchers, Inc.
11 ©Corbis
13 ©NASA Human Space Flight Gallery
14 (T) ©Stephen Marks/Getty Images, (B) ©Bob Winsett/Index Stock Imagery
15 (L, R) ©Getty Images