5 1 learning about the first americans

Bộ sách Scott foresman social Studies gồm các quyển sau: 5.1 Learning About the First Americans 5.2 His Name Was Amerigo 5.3 New World, New Neighbors 5.4 Choosing Freedom 5.5 The War for Independence 5.6 The People Who Gave Us the US Constitution 5.7 Heading West 5.8 The Growing United States 5.9 Women of the Civil War 5.10 Hard Times 5.11 The War at Home 5.12 3, 2, 1, Blastoff 5.13 The Heroes of 911 5.14 Growing and Changing Cities 5.15 Visiting States and Capitals

Trang 1

Scott Foresman Social Studies

Nonfi ction Summarize • Sidebar

• Captions

• Glossary

ISBN 0-328-14885-7

ì<(sk$m)=beiifb< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Fascinating Facts

Indian population of any of the fifty states

a cradleboard, a lace-up bag made of animal skin

on a wooden frame

the American Indians The Iroquois called them the

“three sisters.”

by Stephanie Sigue

LEARNING ABOUT

THE

FIRST AMERICANS

Scott Foresman Social Studies

Nonfi ction Summarize • Sidebar

• Captions

• Glossary

ISBN 0-328-14885-7

ì<(sk$m)=beiifb< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Fascinating Facts

Indian population of any of the fifty states

a cradleboard, a lace-up bag made of animal skin

on a wooden frame

the American Indians The Iroquois called them the

“three sisters.”

by Stephanie Sigue

LEARNING ABOUT

THE

FIRST AMERICANS

Trang 2

ISBN: 0-328-14885-7

by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding

permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,

Glenview, Illinois 60025.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

Write to It!

Write a paragraph comparing either the tepee used by American Indian groups of the Great Plains or the cliff dwellings of American Indians of the Desert Southwest to one of the dwellings built

by American Indians of another region

Write your paragraph on a separate sheet

of paper.

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Bettmann/Corbis

2 ©Warren Morgan/Corbis

3 ©Stock Montage Inc.

4 ©The Image Works, Inc.

5 ©Marilyn “Angel” Wynn/Nativestock

6 ©North Wind Picture Archives

8 ©Bettmann/Corbis

9 ©Nancy Carter/North Wind Picture Archives

10 ©Joseph Sohm; ChromoSohm Inc./Corbis

12 ©Hemera Technologies/Alamy

13 ©Ernest Manewal/SuperStock

14 ©Tom McHugh/Photo Researchers, Inc.

15 ©George H H Huey/Corbis

Vocabulary

archaeologist artifact longhouse lodge tepee pueblo mesa

In different areas of the United States, archaeologists dig

for clues about the past lives of American Indians In this

book you will read about how archaeologists search for

information that will add to our understanding of the way

these people lived long ago

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona

by Stephanie Sigue

LEARNING ABOUT

THE FIRST AMERICANS

Trang 3

When an archaeologist begins to study a group

of people, he or she hopes to answer some questions

When and where did these people live? What can we

learn about how they lived? What kinds of artifacts, or

things people made in the past, have they left behind?

For many centuries different groups of American Indians, or Native Americans, lived in what is now the

United States Nature always played an important part

in their lives We can learn how American Indians lived

long ago from the knowledge that has been passed to

American Indians today More can be learned from the

work of archaeologists

Archaeologists work at a dig in Wenatchee, Washington

American Indians of the Eastern Woodlands

One of the major groups of the Eastern Woodlands

members of several American Indian groups These groups included the Mohawk, the Seneca, the Onondaga, and the Oneida

The Iroquois were farmers who lived in the forests of the Eastern Woodlands They used trees to build their villages, homes, and some of their tools

Iroquois villages were built on hills so that the villagers could see the enemy in case of an attack Some villages were large and had a population of one

thousand people A fence made of logs protected each village

The Iroquois lived in longhouses A longhouse was

about 20 feet wide and between 75 feet and 120 feet long It was made of wooden poles covered with bark

Inside a longhouse were places to store things and places for families to live

This model shows an Iroquois longhouse.

Trang 4

In what is the present-day Southeastern United States, American Indians lived in towns Each town had three

common features A circular meetinghouse was where

town leaders met There was a town square where

religious events took place, and there was a large court

where games were played

This picture shows a Creek log house

5

The Creek, the Choctaw, and the Cherokee all lived in what is the present-day Southeastern United States They lived in plain rectangular houses Houses were made from wood, and each had a roof made from straw or tall plants

The Seminole, originally part of the Creek, lived in Florida, where it was hot, humid, and swampy They

houses were built on platforms so they did not flood during the rainy season

A Seminole chickee has open sides.

Trang 5

American Indians of the

Great Plains

The Great Plains were home to many different groups

of American Indians Some Plains Indians stayed in one

place These groups, which included the Pawnee, the

Omaha, and the Osage, lived in earth lodges.

Their lodges were square with a floor that was below ground level Large wooden posts made the corners

Thin poles were used for walls and long poles formed

the roof Mats of woven grass covered the poles An

opening, or smoke hole, was left in the roof’s center

Starting at the base, the builders applied a coat of mud

to the walls The mud kept the house warm during the

winters and cool during the summers

This is an example of a Mandan village in the 1800s

7

The Mandan and the Hidatsa lived in villages along the upper Missouri River in North Dakota They built lodges made from earth and winter lodges near a large wood supply The Mandan and the Hidatsa needed wood to make fires

Each earth lodge was very large A lodge had a dome shape and could be forty to sixty feet wide and fifteen feet high The roof was made of wooden beams and was covered with willows, grass, and sod

A family’s belongings, including dogs and horses, were all kept inside the lodge Horses were kept inside

so they would not be stolen

Changing Ways of Life

In the 1500s Spanish explorers brought horses with them to North America This changed the ways of life of American Indians

of the Great Plains Horses made hunting easier and allowed American Indian groups to travel farther and faster Over time, many of these groups became nomads who moved from place

to place

Trang 6

Many American Indian groups of the Great Plains did not stay in one place They were nomads who

moved from place to place The Sioux, the Cheyenne,

the Comanche, the Blackfoot, and the Crow were all

nomads They hunted buffalo and followed the buffalo

herds

Because groups of the Great Plains were always on the move, they needed dwellings that were easy to

carry, so they designed the tepee A tepee could be

packed up and carried away easily It had a

cone-shaped frame made from long, tall poles that were tied

together at the top

Tepees were covered with buffalo hides Once a year, each

tepee was covered with a new, fresh hide.

9

American Indians of the Desert Southwest

American Indians of the Desert Southwest lived in a variety of dwellings The early Mogollon (moh-GOH-yohn) and the Hohokam (huh-HO-kum) people built pit houses These houses were partly underground

Each pit house was a rectangle with wooden poles that leaned in to support the roof This created side walls that sloped The roof and walls were covered with

branches, grass, and a thick layer of adobe, or mud

The remains of this pit house include a fire pit and a storage room.

Trang 7

American Indian cliff dwellings and pueblos are two

finds made by archaeologists in the Desert Southwest

Cliff dwellings were found in an area called Mesa Verde

(MAY-seh VEHR-dee) A mesa is a hill with a flat top

and steep sides Mesa Verde is in an area called the

“Four Corners.” This is where the present-day borders of

Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona meet Here

the ancient Anasazi people built their homes in the steep

sides of the mesa Archaeologists call the people who

lived in these places cliff dwellers

11

Some American Indian pueblos were like large apartment buildings These “great houses” contain hundreds of rooms and underground chambers Some of the largest and most famous great houses are in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico One called Pueblo Bonito has about eight hundred rooms Archaeologists believe there was room for as many as three thousand people in this great house

The largest cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde is called the Cliff Palace It had 217 rooms and 23 kivas A kiva is an

underground room that was used for special ceremonies.

Trang 8

Art and Other Objects

Archaeologists also look for tools, weapons, clothing, pottery, and baskets All of these things can help them

learn more about ancient people

Tools and weapons can tell scientists how people hunted for food From the size and weight of a weapon,

scientists can tell how hunters used it

Before the Europeans arrived in North America, American Indian women made clothing from

animal skins They also decorated clothing

with porcupine quills Some dyed the quills

before sewing them onto clothes

People have found American Indian arrowheads all over

the United States.

This beadwork showing an eagle appears on a Tlingit (TLING-git) ceremonial robe

The Europeans brought new materials with them, including glass beads American Indian women began

to use fancy beadwork to decorate clothing Often they created pictures of animals, such as thunderbirds

Trang 9

The buffalo was an important animal to American Indians of the Great Plains It was a major source

of food Its skin was used to make both clothing and

homes

Many American Indians were—and are—expert potters, basket makers, and weavers Today their objects

are prized possessions of individuals and museums

around the world

This painted Sioux flat pouch was made of buffalo rawhide

15

The National Museum of the American Indian

in Washington, D.C., contains more than 800,000 objects The objects are from North and South America and span ten thousand years of American Indian history

There is still much to learn about how American Indians lived long ago, and archaeologists continue

to dig for answers What archaeologists learn from artifacts and the histories passed on to American Indians today help us understand how American Indians lived long ago

This Anasazi bowl was made in the 1300s.

Trang 10

Glossary

archaeologist a scientist who studies the

artifacts of people who lived long ago and draws conclusions from them

artifact an object made by people in the past

lodge a large, round hut built by American Indian

groups of the Great Plains

longhouse a building used for shelter by

the Iroquois

mesa a high, flat landform that rises steeply from

the land around it

pueblo an American Indian village of the Desert

Southwest region of the United States, typically made up of stone or adobe dwellings

tepee a dwelling built by American Indians of the

Great Plains

ISBN: 0-328-14885-7

by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding

permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,

Glenview, Illinois 60025.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

Write to It!

Write a paragraph comparing either the tepee used by American Indian groups of the Great Plains or the cliff dwellings of American Indians of the Desert Southwest to one of the dwellings built

by American Indians of another region

Write your paragraph on a separate sheet

of paper.

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Bettmann/Corbis

Vocabulary

archaeologist artifact longhouse lodge tepee pueblo mesa

In different areas of the United States, archaeologists dig

for clues about the past lives of American Indians In this

book you will read about how archaeologists search for

information that will add to our understanding of the way

these people lived long ago

Định dạng
Số trang	10
Dung lượng	2,81 MB
File đính kèm	5.1 Learning About the First Americans.rar (3 MB)