1 piglet formulation and nutri functionality

MALTO - DEXTRINS - « Short » sugars highly digestible in piglets deficient in sucraseand amylase - Excellent intermediate between starch and simple sugars - Assist in pelletisation as ge

PIGLET FEED FORMULATION AND NUTRI-FUNCTIONALITY

During the first 60 days of life :

PIGLET : From birth to 25 Kg

Many important changes occur in piglet

Piglet create their own immunity

- Absorption and sensitivity

- Animal sensible to external agressions

ENZYMATIC SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Piglet nutrition

Maturation of digestive tract

Adaptation of nutriments related to age

3.5 weeks 4.5 weeks 5.5 weeks

As the requirement (point A) is approached, the rate of improvement per unit of nutrient decreases and the unit cost increase

12 Kg 3200-3600

3.0 - 3.5

2250-2500 3500

21.0 - 23.0 3.0 - 5.0

10 5

Prestarter Starter

65-70 days 25-30 Kg 3000-3500 2100-2450 3300

18.5 - 20.0

• Nutriment requirements

• Maintenance importance increases

with age (ex 136% for TSAA)

Non Inflamatory proteins

PIGLETS REQUIREMENTS

• Protein and inflamation status

• Muscles proteins and Inflamation proteins

have a different A.a profil

• Muscle : Lysine

• Inflamatory protein : Leucine, Iso-L, Valine,

Tsaa, Threonine, etc…

• Animals SPF – 20% feed

• Stimulation immun system costs in A.a and

energy

PIGLETS REQUIREMENTS

• Raw material requirements

Feed Prestarter Starter Age up to 40-45 days 65-70 days Weight up to 12 Kg 25-30 Kg

Extruded cereals 0-25 0 Crude cereals 20-30 free

Extruded soybean use use Total soybean meal 10-15 25

PIGLET FEED QUALITY

Days after weaning

Period Criteria Advantage vs

NUTRITIONAL QUALITY

• Consumption in DM g/Kg alive weight related to

the age

25 30 35 40 45

Bisco-wheat (Biscuit meal + extruded acidified wheat)

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CREEP FED NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION -

CHARACTERISTICS

SUGARS

Dextrose Sucrose

- Efficient palatability enhancer (sugar + acidulation)

“sugaring” power = Sucrose = 100

D – Glucose = 69 Lactose = 22 Fructose = 108

CH 2 OH

LACTOSE

- Glucose - Galactose

- Digestible for the very young piglet

- Optimal digestible energy source

- Decrease pH with lactic fermentation

- Digestibility decrease quickly with age

MALTO - DEXTRINS

- « Short » sugars highly digestible in piglets deficient in sucraseand amylase

- Excellent intermediate between starch and simple sugars

- Assist in pelletisation (as gelatinized starch)

- Palatability enhancer – sugaring power = 40

CREEP FED NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION -

ar fl our

Red dog

Barley Corn

Carouba meal

more frequent  4 liaison more a

1-6 every 25 molecule, total size * 10

More crystallised starch

In rice and corn 95 to 97 % of the

starch

CARBOHYDRATES

BISCO – WHEAT

- A blend of biscuit meal and extruded acidified wheat

- Highly digestible source of energy

= > 94 %)

- An effective supply of digestible sugars (starch + sugar = > 60 %)

- A highly digestible source of quality oil and fats of vegetal origin (7 %) (Coconutoil + seed oil)

- Supply highly digestible nutrients (carbohydrates + oils and fats)

- Potentiate palatability and feed intake

- Assist in micro-pelletisation (fats)

Starch, different treatments :

Crude Corn Micronised

Corn

Extruded Corn

X 1000

X 3000

Rice Corn Wheat Barley

Oil and fat %

Nitrogen free extract %

Moisture %

Protein %

CRUDE WHEAT

- Selected for its quality (specific weight > 15)

- Microbial quality

- Low moisture content

- Stimulation of enzymatic functions (amylase)

CARBOHYDRATES

BARLEY

- Crude cereal

- Provider of starch

- Cellulose = stimulation of digestive transit

- Supply of fermentating sugars => production of volatile fattyacids

CORN

- Cost-effective energy provider

CARBOHYDRATES

WHEAT 2ND CLEAR FLOUR –

REFINED HUMAN GRADE WHEAT FLOUR

- 60 % starch

- Human grade flour quality

- High digestibility

- Utilisation of phytic phosphate through incorporation of phytases

Reduction of phosph-calcium supplementation

Lowering of acid buffering capacities

CARBOHYDRATES FIBER

FIBER

Simple  1-4

In vegetables cells Undigested by animals but bacterium (cellulase)

CAROUBA MEAL

- Sugars = 40-45 %

- Energy supplies

- Palatability enhancer, edulcorant power 0.60

- Reduction of scours incidence

- Rich in tannins

- Improve pellet quality

CAROUBE – CAROB MEAL - CAROBA

- Natural micronized meal of selected and processed deseeded fruits of the carob tree

- A valuable supply of highly digestive energy > 3400 Kcal/kg (similar to whey powder)

- Total sugars = 43% : 14% glucose, 29% saccharose- mannose

- A natural product concentrated in natural polyphenols

CAROUBE – CAROB MEAL - CAROBA

- An excellent source of highly digestible energy

- An excellent enhancer of palatability

- An excellent contribution to the prevention of diarrheas

(mannose fraction – polyphenols)

- Incorporation in piglet feed = up to 5% (colour + spring peas)

Phenolic compounds

-Antibacterian action

- by perturbation of cell membran of micro-organisms due

to interaction with phospholipids

- leakage of essential metabolites from the cells

- by binding proteins and enzymes inhibitions

- interfere in nutrient uptake, ATPase activity, etc…

- Formation of non solubles complexes

-Protection of intestine mucosa

- Anti-hemorragic action (local)

TANNINS

CREEP FED NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION -

CHARACTERISTICS

PROTEIN

Soybean meal

Extruded soybean Textured soybean Yeast

Treated peas protein

Wheat gluten meal

Potatoes protein

Corn gluten meal Milk protein

PROTEINS : Classification

Chimical basis :

1 Holoproteins : contains only Amino acids

Albumins : soluble in water, difficult to precipitate

1 Spheroproteins

Globulins : less soluble, easy to precipitate (related to size)

2 Heteroproteins : contains Amino acids +glyco, phospho, metallo, etc…

PROTEINS : Functional properties

Physical structure :Primary and spatial

Ambient conditions pH, ions, T°, etc…

PROTEINS : Maillard reaction

 Depending of the carbohydrate nature

POTATOE PROTEIN (high quality)

- Extracted through water solubilisation then concentrated

- 80 % protein

- High digestibility

- Ideal profile in amino acids

- High lysine level = 6.45 % of total composition

- Free of anti-nutritionnal factors

- Free of solanine (anti-nut protein) affecting palatability

5.8 Lysine % piglet needs 430% 0.5 Methionine(% piglet needs) 388%

D.E Kcal/Kg 4300 Threonine (% piglet needs) 480% N.E Kcal/Kg 3300 Trypt (% piglet needs) 396%

Regulation of stomach and digestive tract transit

PEAS PROTEIN (LACTEX)

• De- husked

• Cooked

• Extruded

• Micronized

PEAS PROTEIN

Nutritional date – spring peas:

Total protein = 23.5% (25% on DM)Sugar = 6%

- Digestible energy = 4200 Kcal/kg

- Highly lysine content => 7.5% of total nitrogen

- Floculation = same as casein

SPRING PEAS – PIGLET NUTRITION

- Excellent source of highly digestible energy

- Excellent source of highly digestible protein

- Good profile in A.A

WHEAT GLUTEN MEAL

AMINO ACIDS BALANCE

Prot Lys Mhn Tssa The Try

- 80 % protein concentration, deficient in lysine and threonine

- 31 % glutamic acid in total concentration

Palatability enhancer

WHEAT GLUTEN MEAL

- High digestibility and absorbency by intestinal villi

- High water absorbency => functional effect on transit regulation

- Peptic digestion -> peptides with opiate-like activity exorphins

- Provider of amino acids, B-vitamins and polypeptides

- Immuno-stimulation(Nucleotides)

PROTEINS

YEAST – NUCLEO - FEED

Composition- amino acids:

YEAST – NUCLEO - FEED

YEAST – NUCLEO - FEED

- Excellent source of protein Highly digestible

- Excellent source of energy = DE # 3800 Kcal/kg

- Good profile in animo acids

- Excellent source of B- vitamins

- Excellent palatability

NUTRITIONAL INTEREST

- Stimulation of cellular multiplication

- Immune system cells, intestine, liver are deficient

- Nucleotides improve :

- Anti body production, infection resistance

- Intestinal growth, differentiation, villosity lenght

- mycotoxin resistance, stress resistance

NUCLEOTIDES

CORN GLUTEN MEAL

- Economical protein source

- Good contribution to lysine supply

SOYBEAN MEAL AND WHOLE EXTRUDED SOYBEAN

Nitrogen free extract %

TEXTURED SOYBEAN

- 40 % protein

- Improved digestibility through treatment process

- Extraction of a part of anti-nutritional factors

- Micronisation

MILK PRODUCTS

• MILK

– Whole – Dry skim

• Dry whey

– Sweet – Acid

• Lactose

• Caseine

• MILK

• High levels of nutri-functional ingredients

• Sow milk : a very rich milk compared to the cow milk

• Cow milk : a good raw material for the piglet

MAIN MILK PRODUCTS

Dry Skim milk Acid dry whey

AMINO ACIDS BALANCE

Protéine Lys Meth M+C Thre Tryp.

CASEIN : Amino acid profile

• Coagulation :

• Reduce the transit rate, very high digestibility

• Improve digestibility of fat

• Reduce risk of diahrrea

• Anti-microbial peptides

Short chains of amino acids (less than 50)

- Naturally produced as a non specific chemical defence :

- Mucosal surface of respiratory and gastro intestinal tract

- Amphipathic (hydrophilic, water solubility; lipophilic, micro-organism membrane)

- Pores in cytoplasmic membranes of micro-organism

- Increases permeability, impairs energy genereting system

- Bacteriocins produces by lactic acid bacteria

- Lactoferrin of milk

ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES

DRY WHEY : Amino acid profile

AMINO ACIDS BALANCE

Protéine Lys Meth M+C Thre Tryp.

• Albumins, Globulins, Lactoferine, lactoperoxidase :

• Different qualities are possible : Substitution of casein

by soya protein, of milk fat or coprah fat by animal fat – Same analytical values

– Very different nutritional and functional

characteristics

MILK PRODUCTS IN PIGLETS DIETS

Maternity feed :

Total lactose 15 – 25 %

Milk protein in high quantities

Caseins Others

MILK PRODUCTS IN PIGLETS DIETS 1st stage :

Total lactose 5 – 15 %

Milk protein in lower quantities

Caseins Others

2nd stage :

Total lactose, less than 5 %

No need for milk protein

Lactose = lactic bacteria substrate

CREEP FED NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION -

CHARACTERISTICS

OIL AND FAT

Coprah oil Soybean oil

LIPIDS

Fatty acids :

VFA : volatile fatty acids

Short chain fatty acids

Long Chain fatty acids

Triglycerids of fatty acids

Glycerol + 3 F.A.

OILS AND FAT :

CH3-(CH2)14-COOH : palmitic acid

Longer Chain -> higher fusion point

Saturated (animal) : more solid than unsaturated (vegetable)

Essential F.A :

Linoleic acid : C 18:2 6,9 : precursor of C 20:4 6,9,12,15 and

C 20:3 6,9,12 : precursor of prostaglandin

Default -> Growth, skin problems

Linolenic acid : C 18:3 3,6,9 : for view problems

generally, n-3 = 3 as Linolenic are necessary

OIL AND FAT

COPRAH OIL(satur)

> 50 % lower than C 14 (myristic acid)

> 15 % lower than C 16 (palmitic acid)

- Excellent digestibility of energy providers

- Rich in short chain fatty acids Short chain and medium chaintriglycerides (similar profile to milk)

- Palatability

OIL AND FAT

SOYBEAN OIL

-Unsaturated fatty acids

- C3 – omega 3 = 8 % precursor of biological intermediates

= immuno stimulation

CREEP FED NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION -

CHARACTERISTICS

AMINO - ACIDS

Lysine Methionine

Tryptophane Methionine + cystine

Valine Threonine

CREEP FED NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION -

CHARACTERISTICS

ADDITIVES AND BIO-REGULATORS

Lactic acid Formic acid Propionic acid Vitamins

and T.E premix

3-Na – Butyro - phosphate

ADDITIVES AND BIO-REGULATORS

VITAMINS AND TRACE-ELEMENTS

 Selected for their optimal bio-availability

 Protected against environmental degradation

 Based on vegetal carriers

ADDITIVES AND

BIO-REGULATORS

VITAMIN RECOMMENDATION

(Recommendations in mg or

IU / Kg of finished feed)

ADDITIVES AND BIO-REGULATORS

MICRO-MINERALS PRESENTATION

ADDITIVES AND BIO-REGULATORS

• SELECTION OF ALL FEED INGREDIENTS

•ADAPTATION TO PIGLET GUSTATORY PHYSIOLOGY

• ACIDIFICATION - SUGAR ACIDULATION

DEGLUTITION IMPROVED FEED SWALLOWING

IMPROVED DIGESTION STIMULATION

OF WATER INTAKE

IMPROVED FEED INTAKE

- Competitive

exclusion against pathogens

ADDITIVES AND

BIO-REGULATORS

 Propionic acid – mould inhibition – feed preservatives

ACIDIFIERS

3 – Na – Butyro - Phosphate

Volatile fatty acid precursors

 Stimulation of enzymatic functions (amylase)

 Integrity and extension of intestinal villi

improved nutrient absorption

 Provision of energy to enterocytes

 Improved of digestive disorders

 Olfactive attraction on young piglets

ADDITIVES AND BIO-REGULATORS

The choice of all these products derives from products used in human pharmacy.

- These products are reputed to act, promote of stimulate

ADDITIVES AND BIO-REGULATORS

 Exogenous enzymes are produced by bacterial fermentation andare classified as such as microbial additives

Exogenous enzymes are similar to endogenous enzymes They act as amplifiers and potentialisers of endogenous enzymes.

ADDITIVES AND BIO-REGULATORS

ENZYMES => mode of action

ADDITIVES AND BIO-REGULATORS

ACTIVE BLADVORT CHARCOAL

Highly absorbent – water absorption

 Prevention of digestive disorders

 Prevention of diarrhoeas

RAW MATERIAL, inclusion in %

Starter feed 1st Stage feed 2nd Stage feed Nutriments

11.82 5.33 3.92 1.20 0.72 0.24 1.07 0.66 0.20 3271.39 2364.22 39.32 4.43 0.67 0.86 0.70 0.30 13333.69 2000.00 115.55 2.09 69.51 0.75 17.00 1.35

114.15

0.460 0.250 0.170 0.200 1.600 0.800 9.250

100.000

5.100 10.000 10.000 29.920 1.000 2.000 5.200 12.000 12.500 1.000 1.000 0.560 0.220 0.700 1.300 0.150 0.800 6.300

100.000

43.010 8.000 13.500 5.000 2.000

13.000 5.000 2.000 0.320 0.120 1.000 1.000 0.800 5.000

100.000

Prestarter 1 st stage 2 nd stage