Tóm tắt bài giảng * So sánh WHAT với WHICH / THAT What được dùng trong mệnh đề danh từ Noun Clause.. * Các trường hợp dùng “that” Để thay thế cho cụm danh từ bao gồm cả người và vật
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MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - PHẦN 2
I Tóm tắt bài giảng
* So sánh WHAT với WHICH / THAT
What được dùng trong mệnh đề danh từ (Noun Clause) What = the thing(s) that
Thank you for what ( = the things that) you have done
I can lend you $5 It's all that I have
I don't understand what you mean
They give their children everything that they want
What surprised everybody was John's exam result
* Các trường hợp dùng “that”
Để thay thế cho cụm danh từ bao gồm cả người và vật
He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London
Dùng với so sánh hơn nhất, với “the first”, “the last”
This is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen
She was the first / the last person that broke the silence
Lưu ý: Khi các đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho tân ngữ thì có thể bỏ đi
Ví dụ: The girl I met yesterday was beautiful (The girl whom / that I met yesterday was beautiful.)
Dùng với “all”, “only”, các đại từ bất định: anything, everything, nothing
All that I can do for you is to leave you alone
* Mệnh đề nối tiếp: đứng sau dấu phẩy, thay thế cho cả mệnh đề phía trước trước (không phải thay
thế cho danh từ đứng trước nó)
He always tells lie, which makes her sad (Không dùng “that” sau dấu “,”) = That he always tells lies
makes her sad (Trường hợp này không dùng “which”)
S+ V+O, V-ing: Dạng giảm lược mệnh đề quan hệ ở chủ động
Ví dụ: He always tells lie, making her sad
* All of/ most of/none of/neither of/any of/either of/ some of/many of/ much of/ (a) few of/ both
of/ half of/ each of/ one of/ two of …etc + whom/ which
- I tried on three pairs of shoes None of the shoes fitted me
I try on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me
- Mary has three brothers All of them are married
Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married
- They asked me a lot of questions I couldn’t answer most of them
They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer
- Tom tried on three jackets, none of which fitted him
- Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office
- They have got three cars They rarely use two of them
They have got three cars, two of which they rarely use
- She has got a lot of friends, many of whom she was at school with
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Lưu ý:
- Vị trí của mệnh đề quan hệ: đứng vào giữa câu, đứng cuối câu
- I own a bar in the Old Quater which opens day and night (Tôi sở hữu một quán bar ở phố cổ
mà mở cửa cả ngày và đêm.)
=>which bổ nghĩa cho “a bar”, không phải bổ nghĩa cho “the Old Quater”
Một số câu hỏi áp dụng (Chữa trong video)
1) The book I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive
A who B whose C that D B & C are correct
2) What’s the name of the blonde girl just came in?
3) I don’t like people lose their tempers easily
4) Mexico City, has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing
city in the world
A which B whose C that D A & B are correct
5) This is Henry, sister works for my father
6) He’s the man people like at first sight
7) Could you iron the trousers are hanging up behind the door?
A who B which C that D B & C are correct
8) Where is the girl sells tickets?
A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct
9) The man we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains
A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct
10) The artist name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen
A who B whose C that D A & C are correct
II Bài về nhà
Exercise 1 Use the information in the first sentence to complete the second sentence Use all of /
most of etc or the … of + whom / which
1 All of Mary's brothers are married
Mary has three brothers, ………
2 Most of the information we were given was useless
We were given a lot of information, ………
3 Jane has received neither of the letters I sent her
I sent Jane two letters, ………
4 None of the ten people who applied for the job was suitable
Ten people applied for the job, ………
5 Kate hardly ever uses one of her computers
Kate has got two computers, ………
6 Mike gave half of the £50,000 he won to his parents
Mike won £50,000, ………
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7 Both of Julia's sisters are teachers
Julia has two sisters, ………
8 I went to a party - I knew only a few of the people there
There were a lot of people at the party, ………
9 The sides of the road we drove along were lined with trees
We drove along the road, the ………
10 The aim of the company's new business plan is to save money
The company has a new business plan, ………
Exercise 2 Make one sentence from two Use the sentence in brackets to make a relative clause
You will need to use who(m)/whose/which/where
1 Catherine is very friendly (She lives next door.)
2 We stayed at the Park Hotel (A friend of ours had recommended it.)
3 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol (It is not very far away.)
4 I went to see the doctor (He told me to rest for a few days.)
5 John is one of my closest friends (I have known him for a very long time.)
6 Sheila is away from home a lot (Her job involves a lot of travelling.)
7 The new stadium will be opened next month (It can hold 90,000 people.)
8 Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland (My brother lives there.)
9 A friend of mine helped me to get a job (His father is the manager of a company.)
10 I've got a brother called Rob He lives in Australia He's a doctor
My brother Rob ………
11 There was a strike at the car factory It began ten days ago It is now over
The strike at the car factory ………
12 I was looking for a book this morning I've found it now
I've found
13 London was once the largest city in the world, but the population is now falling
The population of London
14 A job was advertised A lot of people applied for it Few of them had the necessary
qualitications
Few of ……….………
15 Amy has a son She showed me a photograph of him He's a policeman
Amy showed me ………
Exercise 3 Điền đại từ quan hệ thích hợp vào chỗ trống
1 There are few books …… you can read in this book store
2 He asked about the factories and workers ……… he had visited
3 The man………spoke is my father
4 The car …… he bought last Thursday was very cheap
5 Tom …….is my brother won the match
6 This is the best novel ……… I have ever read
7 The first sight ………was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him
8 The waiter …… we gave the tip was very pleased
9 That's the man ……… house was destroyed by a tornado
10 It is the only book …… he bought himself
11 You can take any room ……… you like
12 There is no clothes …… fit you here
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13 Which of the books …… had pictures was worth reading?
14 The man over there …….face is dirty saved the child
15 The chair on …… I was sitting broke down
16 It is in this room ……… he was born twenty years ago
17 The pupils …… he was speaking to were very noisy
18 ……… are you speaking to?
19 The crowd ……… was very angry began to shout
KEY
Exercise 1
1 all of whom are married
2 most of which was useless
3 neither of which she has received
4 none of whom was suitable
5 one of which she hardly ever uses
6 half of which he gave to his parents
7 both of whom are teachers
8 only a few of whom I knew
9 (the) sides of which were lined with trees
10 the aim of which is to save money
Exercise 2
1 Catherine, who lives next door, is very friendly
2 We stayed at the Park Hotel, which a friend of ours had recommended
3 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is not very far away
4 I went to see the doctor, who told me to rest for a few days
5 John, whom I have known him for a very long time, is one of my closest friends
6 Sheila, whose job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot
7 The new stadium, which can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month
8 Glasgow, where my brother lives, is the largest city in Scotland
9 A friend of mine, whose father is the manager of a company, helped me to get a job
10 My brother Rob, who lives in Australia, is a doctor
11 The strike at the car factory, which began ten days ago, is now over
12 I've found the book (that / which) I was looking for this morning
13 The population of London, which was once the largest city in the world, is now falling
14 Few of the people who / that applied for the job had the necessary qualitications
15 Amy showed me a photograph of her son, who is a policeman
Exercise 3
19 which