DE CUONG CHI TIET

PHÁT ÂM PRONUNCIATION : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –S/ES đọc là Ví dụ Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –ED đọc là Ví dụ Giaó viên: Lê Thị Mi

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Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12

ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT LESSON 1 PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)

1 MỘT VÀI QUY TẮC VỀ TRỌNG ÂM (STRESS)

Cadec, divine, possess, guitar, patrol, manure

2 Các từ tận cùng là: IC, ION, IA, IAL, IAN,

IAR, IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM,

IOUS, EOUS, UOUS, trọng âm thường đặt

ngay trước những âm này

Economic, revision, colonial, magnesia, musician, familiar, experience, efficient,

allegiance, gymnasium, abstemious, continuous

Arithmetic, heretic, appliance, reliance, defiance

3 Các từ tận cùng là: OUS, ATE, TUDE,

ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY,

NOMY, CY trọng âm thường từ âm thứ 3 từ

sau ra trước.

Adventurous, considerate, altitude, capacity, variety, mechanical, astrology, photography, calorimetry, antinomy, democracy

Incarnate, disastrous

4 Các từ tận cùng là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER,

OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường

nhấn ở vần cuối

Charade, referee, Vietnamese, engineer, taboo, balloon, cigarette, burlesque

Centigrade, committee, overseer

5 Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Blackbird, greenhouse

6 Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi

vào âm tiết thứ hai

Bad-tempered, old-fashioned understand, overflow

2 PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED

Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –S/ES đọc là Ví dụ

Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –ED đọc là Ví dụ

Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên

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Exercise

• CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tensen và Past participle:

1 “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided

2 “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,θ / hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped;

laughed

3 “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : Ex: moved; played; raised

Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,,

Exercise

BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC :

2 A breakfast B teacher C east D please

3 A thrilling B other C through D something

4 A idea B going C will D trip

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6 A Germany B garden C gate D gas

7 A scholarship B Christ C school D chicken

9 A hundred B exhausted C however D heat

11 A choir B cheap C child D chair

14 A motion B question C mention D fiction

16 A change B children C machine D church

17 A write B writer C writing D written

18 A share B rare C are D declare

19 A apply B university C identity D early

20 A choice B achieve C each D chemistry

LESSON 2+3 TENSES (THÌ)

Thì

Nhận biết - always, usually, occasionally, often, … - every : every day, every year…

- once…, twice…, 3 times…

- yesterday

- last : last week, last Sunday…

- ago : two months ago, five years ago…

- in the past

Thì

Dạng PRESENT CONTINUOUS(Hiện Tại tiếp diễn) PAST CONTINUOUS(Quá Khứ tiếp diễn)

Phủ định S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing

Bị động …am / is / are + being + V-ed/Vpp… …was / were + being + V-ed/Vpp…

- When / As + (simple past):

When I came, she was crying.

Nhận biết

- just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately

- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years

- so far, up to now, from then

- after + (past perfect), (simple past)

- before + (simple past), (past perfect)

- by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp

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Thì

Dạng SIMPLE FUTURE(Tương Lai đơn) (Tương Lai hoàn thành)FUTURE PERFECT

Nhận biết

- tomorrow

- next… : next week, next Monday

- in the future

- by the end of this month

- by + (time in the future)

Khi chia động từ cần chú ý sự hòa hợp của chủ ngữ (S) và động từ (V):

* S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday.

* Each, every, no + noun => số ít Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook No student is present

* (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2 Ví dụ : He or you are the best student.

* S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1 Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that

1 I _this film twice

2 –Peter, please help me do the washing up – Sorry, Mum I TV

3 The farmers _ in the field now

4 The war _ out three years ago

5 He a cup of coffee every morning

6 She a lot of new books

A had just bought B has just bought C buys D bought

7 Up to the present, Nam _ good work in his class

8 At present, that author a historical novel

9 By next month, I _ my first novel

A will finish B am going to finish C finish D will have finished

10 Phong at the university so far

11 How long _ able to drive? – since 1990

12 They since eight o’clock

13 My brother _ in the army from 1990 to 1995

14 At this moment, I _ that we have a good chance of victory

feeling

15 I _ the money from him yet

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A haven’t received B don’t receive C will receive D am receiving

16 This is the most interesting book _

A I’ve read B I had read C I’ve ever readed D I’ve ever read

17 I him ten days ago

18 It a long time since I last saw him

19 She _ so hard this week that she doesn’t have time to go to the hairdresser’s

20 Mr John _ to Los Angeles in 1992

21 What to you yesterday?

22 I never go to Australia I _ to Australia yet

23 What _ do at 7:00 tomorrow morning

24 Why you come yesterday?

25 My mother in this factory since 1990

26 I _ my hair before breakfast this morning

27 I _ about him when he suddenly came in

28 He will finish this work before you _ here tomorrow

leave

29 Don’t make noise My mother with her friends

30 He _ in this office for ten years by next Monday

A will have been working B would be working C will work

D will be working

Exercise 3: Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences:

1 (A)Last year, my son (B)was lost (C)among the crowd when we (D)have gone shopping

2 The problem (A)has turned out (B)to be more serious (C)than we (D)will have thought

3 (A)Almost 300 million people (B)had visited (C)America’s national parks (D)every year

4 They (A)have studied English(A) before they went (C)to London

5 They (A)has got married (B)for 30 years (C)by the end of (D)this month

6 They (A)will help you (B)whenever you (C)will ask (D)them

7 (A)When Sam (B)will arrive, he will (C)open (D)the gift

8 My father (A)has ever told (B)me honestychân thât (C)was (D)the best policy

9 Did you say (A)that you (B)will have a lot of things (C)to do the (D)following week?

10 (A)When we arrived (B)at (C)the station, the train (D)has already left

11 (A)Did your doctor (B)recommend you that you (C)will stop (D)smoking?

12 (A) Up to now, there (B)had been (C)no woman (D)being chosen the US president

13 The neighbors (A)are having a party They (B)are making so much noise (C)since 6 o’clock I (D)can’t sleep

14 (A)Don’t (B)leave the house (C)until I (D)will get back

15 I (A)was walking along the pavement(B)when I (C)realized that there (D)has been a man following

me

16 Human (A)had struggled (B)against weeds (C)since the beginning (D)of agriculture

17 Mary (A)said (B)that she (C)do jogging (D)every morning

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18 (A)At this time (B)next week, Peter (C)was working (D)in London

19 Never I (A)have seen (B)such a (C)good film (D)before

20 (A)Before the 1920s, (B)no women (C)will vote (D)in the US

LESSON 4 REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)

Để biến đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần:

1 Đổi chủ ngữ và các đại từ nhân xưng khác trong câu trực tiếp theo chủ ngữ của thành phần thứ nhất

2 Lùi động từ ở mệnh đề 2 về một bậc so với lúc ban đầu

3 Biến đổi các đại từ, phó từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm theo bảng qui định

Bảng đổi động từ

Simple present ( Hiện tại đơn)

Present progressive (H.tại tiếp diễn)

Present perfect (Progressive)

Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)

Bảng đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian

Today

Yesterday

The day before yesterday

Tomorrow

The day after tomorrow

Next + Time ( week, month, year….)

Last + Time ( week, month, year….)

In two daysThe following + Time ( week, month, year….)The previous + Time ( week, month, year….)Time + before

That, those

At onceThere, Overthere

Ví dụ : - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”

 He said that he had lost his pen that morning.

- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”

 She told him that she would go with him the next day.

- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”

 He said that he would come there to take that book.

- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”

 They told us that we had to do that work at once.

Lưu ý : Trong câu tường thuật, cần chú ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật:

if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N)

Ví dụ : “What are you doing?” asked my father.

= My father asked me what I was doing.

“Have you seen that film?” John asked.

= John wanted to know if I had seen that film.

He asked them “How many children do you have?”

= He asked them how many children they had.

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Exercise1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences

1 Jack asked me _

A.where do you come from? B.where I came from

2 She asked me _ I liked pop music

3 The doctor him to take more exercise

4 I wanted to know _ return home

A.when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would

5 Claire told me that her father a race horse

6 What did that man say ?

7 I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _ raining there

8 The builders have that everything will be ready on time

9 The doctor _ him to take more exercise

10 The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed She explained she’d been on holiday the week

11 Yesterday, Laura him to put some shelves up

12 Tom has this story wasn’t completely true

A admitting that B was admitted that C admitted that D admit that

13 When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy day

14 I wonder _ the tickets are on sale yet

15 Mathew _ Emma that her train was about to leave

A has reminded B has reminded that C reminded D reminded that

16 Hello, Jim I didn’t expect to see you today Sophie said you _ ill

17 Ann and left

A said goodbye to me B says goodbye to me C tell me goodbye D told me goodbye

18 I told you to switch off the computer, didn’t I ?

19 Bill was slow, so I hurry up

20 Sarah was driving to fast, so I to slow down

21 Someone me there’s been an accident on the motorway

22 Sue was very pessimistic about the situation I advised her _

23 I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom _

A giving a hand B gave a hand C to give a hand D give a hand

24 Tom said that New York _ more lively than London

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25 When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he use the phone

26 George couldn’t help me He me to ask Kate

27 Judy going for a walk, but no one else wanted to

28 I said that I had met her

day

29 The man asked the boys

30 “ the door”, he said

A please open B open pleased C please to open D please,

opening

Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences :

1 “Push as hard as you can” She said to me

5 Tom asked Mary “Did you phone me last night?”

 Tom wanted to know _

6 He asked me “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?”

 He asked me _

7 Why don’t you stop smoking?” the doctor said to him

 The doctor advised him

8 “How many students are there in your class?”

 The man asked me

9 “Have you seen John recently?” said Ann

 Ann asked me _

10 The policeman said to her : “Show me your driving licence.”

 The policeman ordered

11 He said : “Did you see Mary yesterday ?”

15 Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?”

16 'You'd better look for a new job, Andrew.'

17 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party Thanks very much

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S + [aux] + Be + V-ed/Vpp + [by + O]

Ghi chú : - Động từ Be phải được chia cùng thì với câu chủ động hoặc cùng dạng với V m

- Trong câu bị động, bỏ [by + O] nếu O là me, you, us, them, him, her, it, someone, somebody, people…

1 The simple present ( Hiện tại đơn) S + V (-s /es) S + am/is /are + Vpp

2 The present Continuous (H.tại tiếp

diễn)

S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + Vpp

3 The present perfect ( H.tại hoàn thành) S + have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vpp

4 The simple past (Quá khứ đơn) S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + Vpp

5 The past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp

diễn)

S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + being+ Vpp

6 The past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) S + had + Vpp S + had+ been + Vpp

7 The simple future ( tương lai đơn) S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp

Model: can, could, must, may, might, should, am going to………

Ví dụ : They are painting the fence

= The pence is being painted by them Tourists buy a lot of souvenirs today.

= A lot of souvenirs are bought by tourists today.

The manager should sign these contracts.

= These contracts should be signed by the manager.

*Môtt số cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt:

1 Causative form: ( Thể nhờ bảo): “Have” or “Get”.

a Have

* Chủ động : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing)

* Bị động : S + have + O.2 (thing) + Vpp

Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday

I had the roof repaired yesterday

b Get

* Chủ động : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing)

* Bị động : S + get + O.2 (thing) + Vpp

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Ex: I will get her to cut my hair

I will get my hair cut

2 Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare, report, announce

:

* Chư động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2 + V + O)

* Chủ động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause.

Hoặc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to - inf

Ex: - They said that John was the brightest student in class

It was said that John was the brightest student in class

- John was said to be the brightest student in class

Nếu Verbs of Opinion ở thì hiện tại, mệnh đề được tường thuật ở quá khứ, ta dùng cấu trúc sau:

* Chủ động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2+ V + O)

* Bị động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause.

or: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to have Vpp

Ex: They know that Mary won the competition

It is known that Mary won the competition

Mary is known to have won the competition

3 S (thing) + need + to be V pp Ex: These trees need to be watered every day

or : S (thing) + need + V-ing These trees need watering every day

Exercise 1:Change into passive voice:

1 The teacher always welcomes new students

→

2 Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877

→

3 The police found two children in the forest

→

4 They will send your order as soon as possible

→

5 The scientists are studying the problem carefully

→

6 Pat Murphy was riding the horse

→

7 The police have just arrested the robbers

→

8 They can use this room after 5p.m

→

9 They have to repair the engine of the car

→

10 People must repair that old building

→

11 People don’t learn a foreign language in a short time

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→

12 Did Henry write that book years ago ?

→

13 I wasn’t introduced to any of the guests

→

14 You should place matches out of reach of children

→

15 People say that inflation is getting out of control

→

Exercise 2: Choose the most correct answer:

1 The boy _ by the teacher yesterday

2 “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ,sir They’re on your desk.”

3 Today, many serious childhood diseases _ by early immunization

A are preventing B can prevent C prevent D can be prevented

4 They had a boy _ that yesterday

5 We get our mail yesterday

A been delivered B delivered C delivering D to deliver

6 My wedding ring yellow and white gold

7 If your brother _ , he would come

A invited B were invited C were inviting D invite

8 Mr Wilson is _ as Willie to his friend

9 References _ in the examination room

A not are used B is not used C didn’t used D are not used

10 Laura in Boston

11 His car needs

12 Her watch needs _

13 My mother is going _ this house

14 There’s somebody behind us I think we are _

A being followed B are followed C follow D following

15 Have you _ by a dog?

16 The room is being _ at the moment

17 It _ that the strike will end soon

A is expected B expected C are expected D was expected

18 It is _ that many people are homeless after the floods

19 He was said _ this building

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A designing B to have designed C to designs D designed

20 Ted by a bee while he was sitting in the garden

LESON 6 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)

1 Điều kiện loại 1 :

Ví dụ: Study hard or you will fail the exam.

= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam.

= If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam.

Ghi chú :

- Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)

- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : không được viết Unless you don’t write)

2 Điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 :

S + would / could + V(inf)

S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf) Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ? III Past Perfect

S + had + V-ed/Vpp

S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp

S + would / could have + V-ed/3

S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3 Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3…?

Điều kiện loại 2 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại Điều kiện loại 3 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ

Dạng bài tập : Biến đổi câu Dựa vào tình huống (thường có 2 câu hoặc 2 mệnh đề) để xác định

+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân + 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ kết quả

Therefore

As a resultThat’s why

=> Áp dụng trong câu điều kiện : If + (nguyên nhân) , (kết quả)

Lưu ý : + Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì hiện tại đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 2

+ Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 3

+ Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 là không có thật ở hiện tại nên cả hai mệnh đề trong câu

điều kiện phải ở dạng phủ định của câu hoặc mệnh đề ban đầu.

Ví dụ : He doesn’t hurry, so he misses the train (tình huống hiện tại  loại 2)

= If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train They don’t go camping because the weather is bad (tình huống hiện tại  loại 2)

= If the weather weren’t bad, they would go camping.

She stayed up late That’s why she was ill (tình huống quá khứ  loại 3)

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Đờ̀ cương ụn thi tụ́t nghiợ̀p mụn Tiờ́ng Anh Lớp 12

= If she hadn’t stayed up late, she wouldn’t have been ill.

Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:

1 I (be) _ angry if it turns out that you are wrong

2 If he (finish) with the computer, I will put it away

3 If you leave now, you (be) _ home in 2 hours

4 You (have to) _ finish writing it if you want to leave now

5 If it (not rain) we will have the party outside

6 If I (live) out of town, I would take up the garden

7 I (not mind) living in Sapa if the weather were better

8 If Mr Hai (be) _ still a teacher, he wouldn’t permit such a bad behavior

9 We would be fine if we (leave) _ in the next ten minutes

10 I’m homeless If I (have) _ money now, I (buy) a big house

11 If we had missed the train yesterday, we (be) late for the meeting

12 It’s good that you reminded me about Ann’s birthday I (forget) if you hadn’t reminded me

13 The accident was your fault If you had driven more carefully, it (not happen)

14 The view was wonderful If I (have) _ a camera, I would have taken some photographs

15 If you had told me you needed money, I (lend) _ you some

16 If it (be) _ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock

17 If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) _ him

18 He (come) _ if you waited

19 If she had had your address, she (write) _ to you

20 We lost the match If you (play) for us, we (win)

21 He (not, have) _ an accident if he had not been driving so fast

22 Had I known that she was sick, I (visit) _ her

23 If today (be) _ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work

24 If I became very rich, I (build ) _ a hospital for the poor

25 If you (ring) _ the bell, the servant would come

Exercise 2: Chọn phơng án tốt nhất để hoàn thành các câu sau

1 If I the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead

2 `We’ll have to go without John if he soon

3 If I make some coffee, _ the cake?

A do you cut B will you cut C are you cutting D don’t you cut

4 If you your homework, I _ you watch TV

A won’t do/ let B did/ won’t let C don’t do/ won’t let D won’t do/ don’t let

5 If you _ this switch, the computer _ on

A press/ comes B will press/ comes

C press/ can come D have pressed/ will comes

6 you, I would think twice about that decision It could be a bad move

7 “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks If I cake, I fat.”

A ate/ will get B ate/ would get

C would eat/could get D am eating/ will get

8 Pam broke her arm in the accident It much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt

9 “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _ you, I _ my job.”

A were/ would have quit B am/ will quit C was/ must quit D were/ would quit

10 “John went to the hospital alone.”- “Did he? If he _ me with him.”

Giaó viờn: Lờ Thị Minh Huợ̀- THPT Bình Xuyờn

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A told/ would go B told/ might have gone

C had told/ could go D had told/ would have gone

11 “My car broke down when I was leaving London ” – “ _, we’d _ you up.”

A if we had known/ pick B had we known/ have picked

12 “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “ _ you, I _ it ”

A if I had been/ would have taken B should I be/ will take

C if I were/would have taken D were I/ would take

13 “ You look tired ”- “well, if you me up in the middle of the night, I _ so tired.”

A didn’t wake/ wouldn’t have been B hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t be

C hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t have been D don’t wake/ won’t be

14 resigned, we would have been forced to sack him

15 If you _ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there

A didn’t tell B wouldn’t have told C hadn’t told D had told

16 The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled If she _ absent again tomorrow, class tomorrow, too

A is/ will cancel B is/ will be canceled

C was/ would be canceled D was/ would cancel

17 If you to my advice in the first place, you in this mess right now

C will listened/ wouldn’t be D had listened/ wouldn’t be

18 If he me, I’ll be ready to help him

19 When winter comes, I a new coat

20 What would Tom do if he the truth?

1 (A)Unless there (B)had been a (C)heavy storm, the climber (D)will not have died

2 What (A)would happen (B)if there (C)was (D)no water?

3 A)If forests (B)had not been destroyed, there (C)will have been (D)no floods

4 (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich

5 (A)What (B)would you have do (D)if you (D)were in my position?

6 (A)If I (B)had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you

7 If (A)had I known you (B)were (C)in financial difficulty, I (D)would have helped you

8 (A)If she (B)had listened (C)to my direction she (D)will not turn down the wrong street

9 My children (A)won’t go to bed (B)unless they (C)don’t have (D)some money

10 If you (A)keep on (B)playing games (C)on the computer, I (D)would sell it

11 (A)Unless it (B)rains, we (C)will stay (D)at home

12 (A)If I (B)am (C)a director, I (D)would make more film about children

13 We (A)will go (B)to see the film “Titanic” (C)if the weather (D)is fine or not

14 (A)Had he planned (B)on going, he (C)will have let us (D)know

15 If you hadn’t (A) left the car(B) unlocked, it (C) wouldn’t have(D) be stolen

LESON 7 RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ )

1 Chức năng của các đại từ quan hệ :

WHO : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ) WHOM : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm tân ngữ)

WHICH : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)

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Đờ̀ cương ụn thi tụ́t nghiợ̀p mụn Tiờ́ng Anh Lớp 12

WHOSE : thay thế cho một hỡnh thức sở hữu (sở hữu cỏch, tớnh từ sở hữu, of

…)

WHERE : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn = (giới từ) + WHICH WHEN : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ thời gian = (giới từ) + WHICH WHY : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nguyờn nhõn, lớ do ( for + reason)

(Danh từ chỉ nơi chốn) + WHERE + S + V…

(Danh từ chỉ thời gian) + WHEN + S + V…

Vớ dụ : - The man gave me the money He met me at the airport

 The man who met me at the airport gave me the money.

- This is the man We saw him at the party yesreday

 This is the man whom/ who we saw at the party yesterday.

- The pencil belongs to me It is in your pocket

 The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me.

- The car is very expensive He bought it

 The car which he bought is very expensive.

- There is the man His wallet was stolen

 There is the man whose wallet was stolen.

- The tree should be cut down The branches of the tree are dead

 The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down.

- That is the village I live in the village

 That is the village where I live.

Lưu ý : Cú 02 loại mệnh đề quan hệ:

* Defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xỏc định) : đối với loại mệnh đề này, ta cú thể dựng

THAT thay thế cho WHO, WHOM hoặc WHICH

- The man who/ that met me at the airport gave me the money.

- The pencil which/ that is in your pocket belongs to me.

* Non-defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ khụng xỏc định) : loại mệnh đề này thường đứng sau một danh từ riờng và phải cú dấu phẩy ngăn cỏch với mệnh đề chớnh, khụng được sử

dụng THAT để thay thế

- Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616.

- Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal.

Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau:

1) What’s the name of the man ?

2) Colin told me about his job, _ very much

A that he’s enjoying B which he’s enjoying C he’s enjoying D he’s enjoying it

3) Sheila couldn’t come to the party, _ was a pity

4) Some of the people to the party can’t come

invited

Giaó viờn: Lờ Thị Minh Huợ̀- THPT Bình Xuyờn

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5) Do you know the woman lives next door?

6) They are never on time, can’t be explained

7) A pensioner is someone _ no longer works and gets money from the state

8) The man _ answered the telephone told me you were away

9) Some people were arrested, have now been released

10) They give their children everything _ they want

11) Tell me _ you want and I’ll try to get it for you

12) The women he fell in love left him after a few weeks

13) Do you still remember the day we first met?

14) I don’t know the name of the woman _ I spoke on the phone

15) This school is often for children _ first language is not English

16) Fortunately we had a map, _we would have got lost

17) They asked me a lot of questions, _ I couldn’t answer

18) The secretary was the only people _ by the traffic chaos

delayed

19) An obstacle is something, your way

blocking

20) _ I really need is a long holiday

Exercise 2 : Write who, that, which, where, when, or why or nothing to complete these sentences :

1/ Have you got the money _ I lent you yesterday ?

2/ Peter, _ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party

3/ This is the machine _ cost half a million pounds

4/ Mary, _ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry

5/ Have you read the book _ I gave you ?

6/ The house, _ they bought three months ago, looks lovely

7/ Mrs.Jackson, _ had been very ill, died yesterday

8/ Is this the person _ stole your handbag ?

9/ The dog, _ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking

10/ I didn’t receive the letters _ she sent me

11/ My mother, _ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised

12/ The old man, _ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building

13/ The horse, _ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened

14/ We didn’t like the secetary _ the agency sent

15/ I didn’t find the money _ you said you’d left

16/ We visited the school _ my father taught

17/ I met her last month, _ she came to our house

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