Trắc nghiệm lịch sử 12 phần 2

Dat nuoc tarn thai chia cat hai mien voi hai chd do chinh trj - xa hoi khac nhau: * Miin BSIC: Sau khi tidp quan thanh pho, chan dung cac am muu pha hoai cua de qu6c MT va tay sai, dir

C a u 39 Y nghTa co- ban nhat ciia chien thSng !jch sir Dif n Bien Phu 1954 la gi?

A Thang Igi lofn nhat, oanh liet nhat tieu bieu cho tinh than chien dau anh hung,

bat khuat ciia dan toe ta trong cuoc khang chi8n chong thuc dan Phap va can

thiep MT

B Duoc ghi vac Ijch su dan toe nhu mot Bach DSng, mot Chi Lang, mot D6ni>

• Da cua the ki X X

C Gop phan lam tan ra he thdng thuoc dia cua chu nghTa 6& qu6c

D Co vii cac dan toe bj ap buc dung len tu dSu tranh giai phong minh

Cau 40 V i sao ket thiic thSng loi chien djch Dien Bien Phu ta thu toan bo vfl

khi va CO-SO" vat chat kl thuat ciia djch?

A V i djch khong van chuyen kjp

B V i each xa hau cii' dich

C V i djch bj tieu diet va bat song hoan toan

D Tat ca ly do tren

C a u 41 C h i l n thSng nao quyet djnh thing loi cua Hoi nghj Gio-ne-vo"?

A ChiSn thSng Bien gioi B Chign thang Tay Bic

C C h i l n thang Dong Xuan 1953-1954 D Chien thSng Dien Bien Phu 1954

Cau 42 Hoi nghj Gio-'ne-vo' ban vk viec cham dut chien tranh lap lai hoa binh

o- Dong Duo-ng hop tir ngay nao?

A Ngay 26-4-1954 B Ngay 1-5-1954

C Ngay 7-5-1954 D Ngay 8-5-1954

Cau 43 Hoi nghi Gio-ne-vo- khai mac theo quyet djnh ciia hoi nghj ngoai

trnffng 4 ntfoc nao?

A MT, Anh, Phap, Due

B Lien X6, MT, Anh Phap

C Lien X6, Viet Nam, Lao, Cam-pu-chia

D Lien X6, MT, Phap, Viet Nam

Cau 44 Tham dii hoi nghj Giffnevo've Dong Du-o-ng gom c6 nhirng nuffc nao?

A MT, Anh, Phap, Viet Nam, Lien X6

B Lien X6, Viet Nam, Lao, MT, Phap

C Lien X6, Trung Qu6c, Viet Nam, MT, Anh, Phap

D Lien X6, Viet Nam, Lao, Cam-pu-chia, MT, Phap

C a u 45 Hiep djnh Gionevo' la van ban phap ly quoc te ghi nhan:

A Quyen dugc huang doc lap, tir do ciia nhan dan cac nuac Dong Duong

B Cac quyen dan toe ca ban ciia nhan dan cac nuac Dong Duong

C Quyen to chuc Tong t u y i n cir t u do

D Quyen chuyen quan tap kk theo gioituyen quan su tarn thai

Cau 46 Nguyen nhan c a ban nhat quyet djnh su- thing loi cuoc khang chien

chong thu-c dan Phap (1945-1954)?

A Su lanh dao sang suot cua Dang di'mg 6au la Chu tjch H6 Chi Minh voi

dirong loi chinh trj, quan su, khang chien dung dan

B Truyen thong yeu nuac, anh hung bk khuat cua dan tgc

C Co hau phuong vung chac va khoi doan ket toan dan

D Tinh doan ket chien dau cua nhan dan 3 nuac Dong Duong va su ung ho cua

nhan dan tidn bo th^ giai

A Ta tan cdng dich a Bhc Tay Nguyen

B Ta ma 1 dot t i n cong djch a Dien Bien Phu

C Tuong Do-cat To-ri ra hang

D Dot tan cong thu 3 a Dien Bien Phii bac dau

E Nava dugc cu lam t6ng chi huy quan doi phap a Dong Duong

F Nava cho quan nhay du xu6ng Dien Bien Phu

G K^t thiic dot 2 chien dich Dien Bien Phii

H Hiep dinh Gioneva dugc ki ket

I Hoi nghj GioTieva dugc khai mac

K Hoi nghj Bg chinh trj T W Dang

17. A chuyen bai thanh thang

B giu the phong ngu chien luge a mikn Bic, tien cong chien luge mien Nam

C tir miia thu 1954

NIEN DAI - Sir K I E N L I C H SlT V I E T NAM (1945 - 1954)

- 3/9/1945: Hoi dong Chinh phu lam thai hop phien dSu tien dual sir chu toa cua Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da de ra 6 nhiem vu cap bach truac mat phai lam ngay, nham xay dyng va bao ve chinh quyen each mang vua gianh dugc

- 23/9/1945: Thuc dan Phap danh chiem Sai Gon, nhan dan Nam Bg, Nam Trung Bg dung len danh Phap, tien hanh cuoc khang chien lau dai ch6ng thuc dan Phap xam luge

- 25/11/1945: Ban chap hanh Trung uang Dang Cgng san Dong Duang ra chi thj "khang chi8n - kien quoc"

- 6/1/1946: T6ng tuyen cu hku Quoc hgi dau tien sau thing Igi each mang thang

Tarn 1945 t6 chuc trong ca nuac

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- 2/3/1946: Qu6c hoi khoa I hpp ky dku tien thong qua danh sach Chinh phu

Lien hiep chinh thii'c do Ho Chf Minh lam chu tich

- 6/3/1946: Hiep dinh so bo ve Viet Nam ky ket tai Ha Noi giCra dai dien hai

Chinh phi'i Viet Nam dan chu cong hoa va Cong hoa Phap

- 29/5/1946: Hoi lien hiep quoc dan Viet Nam (Hoi Lien Viet) duoc thanh lap

- 31/5 den 20/10/1946: Chu tjch H6 Chi Minh tham nuoc Phap vol tu each

thuong khach cua Chinh phii Phap

- 7/1946: Dang Xa hoi Viet Nam thanh lap va tham gia Hoi Lien Viet

- 14/9/1946: Chu tich Ho Chi Minh ky voi dai dien chi'nh ciia Phap Tam uoc tai Pari

- 9/11/1946: Ky hop thu 2 Quoc hoi khoa I thong qua Hien phap dau tien ciia

nu'dc Viet Nam Dan chu cong hoa *

- 18 - 19/12/1946: Tra loi t6i hau thu ngay 18/12 ciia Phap buoc ta dau hang,

Ban thuong vu Trung uong Dang Cong san Dong Duong hop a xa Ha Dong diroi

sir chu toa cua Chii tjch H6 Chi Minh, da quyet dinh toan quoc khang chien chong

thirc dan Phap xam luge

- 19/12/1946: Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh ra "Loi keu goi toan quoc khang chien", va

cuoc khang toan quoc biing no vao liic 20 gia ngay 19/12 a Ha Noi

- 19/12/1946 dd^n 17/2/1947: Ha Noi va cac do thi phia BSc (vT tuyen 16 tro ra)

chien dau ma dau cuoc khang chien toan quoc chong thuc dan Phap xam luge

- 7/10 d^n 19/12/1947: ChiSn djch Viet Bk thu dong 1947

- 14/1/1950: Chii tich Ho Chi Minh thay mat Chinh phu nuoc Viet Nam dan chii

cong hoa tuyen bo san sang dat quan he ngoai giao vai cac nirac Sau lai tuyen

bo do, CO nhieu nuoc cong nhan va dat quan he ngoai giao voi Chinh phii Viet Nam

Dan chii Cong hoa: Trung Quoc (1981) Lien X6 (31/1)

- 16/9 dgn 22/10/1950: Chifin dich Bien giai thu - dong 1950

- 11 den 19/2/1951: Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thu II ciia Dang Cong san Dong

Duong hop a Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang) la "Dai hoi khang chien th§ng Igi" Dai hoi

doi ten thanh Dang Lao dong Viet Nam, bau Ho Chi Minh lam chii tjch Dang

- 3/3/1951: Dai bieu Viet Minh va Hoi Lien Viet hop Dai hoi thong nhat thanh mot

m a i tran duy nhat lay ten la Mat tran Lien hiep quoc dan Viet Nam (Mat tran Lien Viet)

- 13/3 den 7/5/1954: Chien djch Hch sir Dien Bien Phu

- 8/5 den 21/7/1954: Hgi nghj quoc te Gianeva (hgp 26/4) ban giai phap cham

diit chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh a Dong Duong

- 21/7/1954: Hiep dinh Gioneva ve cham diit chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh 6

Dong Duong

- 10/10/1954: Quan dgi xam luge Phap rut khoi Ha Noi, ciing ngay quan dgi

Viet Nam tien vao tiep quan thu do

1, Oac dilni tinh hinh nuoc ta sau Hiep dinh Gionevo' 1954

Sail thang Igi cua cuoc khang chi6n chong thuc dan Phap, nuoc ta dung trirac tinh hinh moi Dat nuoc tarn thai chia cat hai mien voi hai chd do chinh trj - xa hoi khac nhau:

* Miin BSIC: Sau khi tidp quan thanh pho, chan dung cac am muu pha hoai cua de

qu6c MT va tay sai, diroi sir lanh dao ciia Dang, nhan dan lao dong da khan truong han gan v^t thuong chien tranh, khoi phiic kinh te va buoc dSu phat trien van hoa, chuan bj nhirng di^u kien can thiet de tien hanh each mang xa hgi chii nghTa

* Mien Nam: Lgi dung su that bai cua Phap, de qu6c MT da nhay vao Mien

Nam, dua tap doan phan dgngNgo Dinh Diem len nam chinh qiiyen, hat cang Phap

va tap trung tieii diet phong trao each mang mien Nam voi y do chia cat lau dai dat nuoc ta, bien mien Nam thanh thuoe dja kieu mai va can cu quan sir cua MT V i vay, dong bao mien Nam tiep tuc tien hanh cuoc dau tranh each mang chong lai cuoc chiSn tranh xam luge cua de quoc MT va be lu tay sai

Tru'o'c buoc ngoat quan trgng cua each mang, Dang ta kjp thoi de ra dirong !6i chien luge phu hgp d l lanh dao nhan dan ca nirac tien len gianh thang Igi moi Duong I6i chi^n luge nay dugc cu th6 hoa va hoan thien o Dai hgi dai bieu toan quoc Ian HI cua Dang

2 Nhiem vu cacli mang Viet Nam trong thoi lii moi

* Miin Bdc: Tien hanh each mang xa hgi chii nghTa va xay dung chii nghTa '.5

'ipi nham cai tao ve can ban ca cSu kinh - xa hgi, xay dirng che do xa hgi moi,

len kinh li van hoa va con ngiroi moi xa hgi chii nghTa, dii sire lam hau thuin viing

chac cho cuoc dau tranh each mang ciia dong bao mien Nam

* Mien Nam: Tiep tuc hoan thanh each mang dan tgc dan chii nhan dan, danh do

^ch thong trj ciia be ID de quoc MT va tay sai d l giai phong hoan toan mien Nam,

^Krc hien hoa binh th6ng nhat nuae nha

Tuy thuc hien hai nhiem vii khac nhau, nhung nhiem vu each mang cua hai

"^O'c CO m6i quan he khSng kbit va tac dong thuong xuyen Ian nhau v i :

+ Dku thirc hien muc tieu c'hung la ti§n tai thirc hien hoa binh thong nhat

"Uoc nha:

+ Deu dat dirai su lanh dao thdng nhat ciia Dang

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i

+ Deu dugc tien hanh bang sue manh cua quAn chiing, each mang da duxx

C O ket trong dau tranh lau dai chong ngoai xam cua dan toe va quySt tarn theo D a i v i

may chuc nam qua

- Trong moi quan he do, each mang moi mien c6 vj tri quan trong cua minh;

+ Mien Bac dong vai tro quyet djnh nhat doi v6i sir phat triln each mang ca nuot

+ Mien Nam giir vai tro quyet dinh trite tiep d6i voi viec danh bai de quoc M i

va be 111 tay sai, gop phdn bao ve mien Bflc ti6n toi hoa binh thong nhSt d4t nuoc

Niiu vay "Mot Dang thong nhk lanh dao mot nuoc tarn thoi bj chia cSt lam doi

tien hanh dong thai hai nhiem vu chien lu'oc i<.hac nhau, do la dac diem Ion nhSt va

cung la net doc dao ciia each mang nuoc ta"

Nhan thuc dung dac dilm nay, Dang ta da dk ra va lanh dao nhan dan ca nu-oc

tliirc hien duong loi: Ket hop, giuong cao hai ngon ca doc lap dan toe va chu nghla

xa hoi, dua su nghiep xay dirng chu nghTa xa hoi va chong MT ;iru nuoc cua dan

toe ta toi thang Igi ve vang

C A U H O I T R A C N G H I E M

Cau 1 Noi su kien a cot B cho phii hap voi thoi gian if cot A sau day

1 10-• 10 - 1954 A Phap riit quan khoi Ha Noi, quan ta tien vao tiep quan Thu do

2 01 • 01 - 1955 B Tai quang truong Ba Dinh dien ra cupc mit tinh trpng th£

3 16- 5 - 1955 cua hang chuc van nhan dan Ha Noi chao mu'ng Trung irang

4 2 2 - 5 - 1955 Dang, Cliinh phu va Chu tich H6 Chi Minh vk Thu do

C Toan linh Phap eu6i cung rut khoi Hai Phong

D Toan linh Phap rut khoi Cat Ba, mien BSc nuoc ta hoan toan giai phong

Cau 2 Ngo Dinh Diem du-ffc MI dung len lam thu tu-tfng bii nhin o" mien Nam

Viet Nam de thay cho ai?

A Thay cho Bao Dai B Thay cho Buu Lpc

C Thay cho Dong Khanh D Thay cho Duong Van Minh

Cau 3 Nhiem vu nao sau day khong phai la nhifm vu ciia each mang mien

B^c sau 1954?

A Tiep tiic thirc hien each mang dan toe, dan chu

B Tien hanh each mang xa hoi chii nghia

C DSu tranh eh6ng MT, Diem

D Cau A va C dung

Cau 4 Nhiem vu cua each mang mien Nam sau 1954 la gi?

A Tien hanh dAu tranh vu trangd^ danh bai chien tranh xam luge cua MT, Di^m

B Tien hanh cuoc each mang dan toe, dan chu

C Cung vai mien Bac tien hanh eong cupc xay dung chu nghTa xa hoi

D Khong phai cac nhiem vu tren

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5 C^ch mang mi^n Nam c6 vai tr6 nhu- the nao trong vi§c dAnh do iich Ang ciia de quoc MT v^ tay sai cua chung, giai phdng mikn Nam, thong

'li^tddtnutic?

" A C6 vai tr6 quan trpng nhSt B C6 vai tro ca b^n nhat

^ C- Co vai tr6 quyet djnh tr^rc tiSp D C6 vai tr6 quyet djnh nhat

6 T h i do HA N9i Hwifc giAi phong vao thoi gian n^o?

A 10-10-1954 B 25 -10 -1555

QjXi 7- Nhifm vij cua cAch m^ng mien BSc sau nSm 1954 Ik gi?

A Dau tranh chong MT - Di^m

B TiSn hanh each m?ng dan tpc dan chii nhan dan

C Chuyen sang lam each m^ng xa hpi chu nghTa

p Khong phai cac nhiem vy tren

Clu 8 Duong loi tM hi§n sy ssing t^o, dOc ddo cua Dang trong thoi ki chong yBcitii nmic la gi?

A Tien h^nh each m^ng xa hpi chu nghTa a mien BSc

B Tien hanh each mgng dan tpc dan chu nhan dan a mien Nam

C Ti6n hanh dong thdi each m^ng dan tpc dan chu a mien Nam va c^ch m^ng

xa hpi chti nghTa a mien BSc

; D Tat ca c&c dudng 16i tren

Clu 9 Mien BSc hoan tohn duyc giai phdng \ko thoi gian n^o?

A 1 0 - 1 0 - 1 9 5 4 B 1 6 - 5 - 1 9 5 4

C 10-10-1955 D 16-5-1955 Cau 10 De quoc MT thyrc hi?n y do tham A Q C bien mien Nam thanh thuQC dja Idlu m6i th^ hif n o" sur kif n n^o?

A MT ep Phap dua Ngo Dinh Di^m len lam thu tirong (20-5-1954)

• B U p khdi quan SEATO, d^t mien Nam dual s\t bao trp cua khoi n^y

"C MT Di^m t6 chirc bau cu ri6ng le, l^p nu6c Vi^t Nam Cong hoa

D MT Di^m ho hao "BSC tien".'

Gftu 11 Thdi dO nio sau day cua Ngo Dinh Difm trong nhfing nSm 1954

-^ply \km cho nhan dan ta bat binh nhat?

|A Tien hanh bau cu rieng le, phe truSt Bao D^i len l^m T6ng thong

B Tuyen b6 tgi Oa-sinh-tan: "Bien giat Hoa Ki Uo dh'i dSn vT tuyen 17"

C Pha ho^i hi^p djnh Gia-ne-va

| D T h u c h i ^ n c h e d p " G i a d i n h t r i " •

u 12 Nhifm vy cua each m^ng Vift Nam tir sau 1954 lA gi?

A, Mien Bac hoan thanh cdch m^ng dan tpc dan chu nhan dan, xay dyng chu nghTa xa hpi _ , ^

B Mien Nam tiep tyc each m^ng dan tOc dan chu nhan dan, tien toi thong nhat

nu'dc nh^

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C A v a B dung

D A v a B sai

C a u 13 Nhiem vu co' ban nhat cua each mang n u w ta sau 1954 la gi?

A Xay dung C N X H a mikn Bhc, lio t r g cho each mang mien Nam

B Tien hanh each mang dan tpc dan chu a mien N a m chong MT-Nguy

C Mien BSc xay dung C N X H , mien Nam tien hanh each mang dan toe dan ch

tien tai thong nhat nude nha, ^

D Mien BSc xay dirng C N X H , chi vien cho mien Nam, mien Nam tien hanh cacf

mang dan chu nhan dan, bao ve mien BSc, thuc hien thong nhat nude nha

1 T h y c trang kinh te - xa hoi mien Bkc sau 1954

- iS4ien Bac duoc giai phong nhung phai chju hau qua nang ne cua chien tranli

va che do thyc dan phong kien

+ 0 nong thon, nhieu ruong dat bi bo hoang, de dap bi pha hoai, trau bo bj

giet hai, kT thuat canh tac lac hau, ddi song nhan dan thkp kem

+ 6 thanh pho, san \iik chi chiem vj t r i thir yeu, ca sd kinh te nho be Nhieu

nha may, x i nghi?p bj thao go hoac bj pha hoai Cong nhan bj that nghi^p, ddi s6ng

khd khan

+ Ci cac vung tir do, tuy cong nghiep va npng nghiep dugc chu y, nhung qu)

mo van rat nhd be, kT thuat con lac hau

2 Mien BSc hoan thanh cai each ruong dat (1954-1957)

Trong hon 2 nam (1954 - 1956) mien Bkc tien hanh 4 dot cai each ruong dk

Tinh chung toan bo 5 dot (1 dgt vao nam 1953), each mang da 1% dugc t u t^i"

chu hon 81 van hecta ruong dat, 10 van trau bd, 2 trieu nong cu dem chia cho nong

dan ngheo, thuc hi^n triet de khSu hi^u " N g u d i cay cd rugrig" N o n g dan duV'^

hoan toan giai phong t r d thanh ngudi chu d nong thon

Trong thirc hi^n cai each ruong dat, da pham mot sd sai lam: dau t6 tran Ian, thi^i'

phan biet ddi xir, dau to ca dja chu khang chien, nhung ngudi thugc tang Idp tren t-'''

cong v d i each mang, qui nham thanh dja chu mot sd nong dan, can bg, dang vien

Dang ta tien hanh sua sai trong suot nam 1957, nhd do han chi bdt hau qua sai 1'^'"

, 146

•1 Cong cuoc khoi phuc kinh te

Cong cuoc khoi phuc kinh tg, han g i n vet thuang chien tranh la nhiem vu tat y l u trong thai ky dau sau chien tranh, duoc thuc hien trong t4t ca cac nganh kinh te

Trong nong nghiep: Khai k h i n ruong dat hoang, cay c^y hk dien tich, tang

them dan trau bd, sSm them nong cu, sua chua he thdng de dieu

E)en cuoi nam 1957 san lugng nong nghiep vugt miic trude chien tranh Giai quy^t can ban nan ddi kinh nien d mien Bac

Trong cong nghiep: Khoi phuc va md rong cac ca sd san xuat, xay dung them

^ ^ t s d N h a may m d i

- Den cuoi nam 1957 cd 97 x i nghiep do Nha nude quan ly

Trong giao thdng van tai: Khoi phuc 700Km dudng sat, sua ehu'a va lam mdi hang ngan K m dudng d to, xay dyng va m d rgng them nhieu cang, khai thdng dudng hang khdng dan dung quoc te

Cac nganh thu cong nghiep, thuong nghiep nhanh ehdng phuc hoi, san xuat

them nhi^u hang tieu dung, dam bao cho nhu ck\i thieu ciia ddi song, giai quyet phan nao viec lam cho ngudi lao dong

3, C a i tao xa hoi chu nghia va bu-oc dau phat triin kinh te van hoa (1958 - 1960)

a Cai tao xa Itpi chu nghia

Cai tao xa hgi chu nghTa ddi v d i nong nghiep, thu cong nghiep, thuang nghiep nhd, cong thuong nghiep t u ban t u doanh Khau chi'nh la hgp tac hda nong nghiep

KhSp mien B i c - s d i ndi van dong xay dung hgp tac xa DSn cuoi nam, 1960 cd 85% hg nong dan, 68% d i e n j i c h d4t vao hgp tac xa nong nghiep, 87,9% t h g thu cong, 45% sd ngudi buon ban nhd vao hgp tac xa, hon 97% sd hg t u san vao cong

tu hgp doanh, mot bd phan ngudi buon ban nhd chuyen sang san xuat hoac trd thanh mau djch vien

Ket qua dat dugc trong cai tao xa hgi chu nghTa da cd tac dung thuc day san xuat, bao dam dugc nhung di^u kien vat chat, tinh th4n, chinh t ri cho bd phan tham

• gia chien dau, phuc vu cho chien dau

« Trong cai tao xa hgi chii nghTa da pham mot so sai lam: Dong nhat cai tao vdi xoa

%d, xoa bd vdi vang nhanh ehdng Khdng thuc hien dSy dii nguyen tac t u nguyen nen

khdng phat huy dugc tinh chu dong sang tao cua quan chung, khdng tao dugc dong

| V c manh me, thuc day sir phat t r i l n nang dong cua nen kinh t6, xa hgi

V b Bif&c dhu pitdt trien kinit te - van lioa

Ddng thai v d i cai tao, mien BSe thuc hien nhiem vu day manh san xuat nong fighi^p va cong nghiep, l4y san xuSt nong nghiep lam khau chinh, chu yeu nham

;iai q u y l t van de luong thuc Chu trgng phat trien cong nghiep, tang them cac t u i?u san xuat va giai quyet phan Idn hang tieu dung

, Trong phat t r i l n kinh te, trgng tam la kinh te qude doanh Den nam 1960 cd 172

»j nghiep do Nha nude quan ly, han 500 x i nghiep cong nghiep dja phuong Tdng ian luo-ng cong nghiep qudc doanh t u 10,8 (1955) tang len 52,4 (1960) ^

Ve giao due, den cuoi 1960, mi^n BSc can ban xoa xong nan mu chu d mien

^udi cho nhung ngudi dudi 50 tudi Sd hoc sinh phd thdng tang 80% so v d i nam

| ' 9 5 7 Mian B k cd 9 trudng Dai hgc vdi 11.000 sinh vien D d i sdng van hda cua

an dan lao ddng dugc nang len, cong tac ve sinh phdng djch cd tien bg

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I I MifeN N A M D A U T R A N H C H 6 N G C H £ D O M I - D I £ M C U N G C ( )

H 6 A B I N H , TifeN T O T C U O C " D 6 N G K H C H " (1959-1960)

1 Che aO Ml - Dif m 6' mien Nam Vif t Nam

That b^i trong am mini keo dai ya ma rpng chien tranh a Dong Duong, de qu(\

MT thvic hi$n "lap ch6 trong " a mien Nam Vi^t Nam

Tu6fng Colin dirge cu lam d^i sir MT a mien Nam mang theo ke ho^ch gom 6 di^in

- Hat cSng Phap va cdc lyc lugng than Ph^p de dpc chiem mien Nam

- Tieu dift l^c lugng each m^ng, pha ho^i Hi^p dinh Gianeva, chia ck mikn Nam

- Giiip ,Di§m xay dyng ehinh quyen "hgp phap" dung dugc tren th6 ba chan

chinh trj, kinhte, quan sy

- Giup Diem xay d\mg "quan doi quoc gia" gom ca ve trang bj ya huln luyen

- Thyc hi?n nhiSu cai each kinh t6 nham biln miSn Nam thanh thj truang tieu thu

- Danh uu tien cho hang h6a va v6n dau tu ciia MT vao phat trien kinh te mien Nam,

Thong qua chinh quven va quan dgi tay sai, MT thyc hien am muu bien mien

Nam thanh thugc dja kieu moi va c5n cu quan sy, dung mien Nam lam ban d^p ticn

cong mien bSc, ng&n chang Ian song each mang a Dong Nam A

Ve phia Di^m, giOa njlm 1954 Diem lap ra "Dang can lao nhan v j " Cuoi nam

1954, chung to chuc "Phong trao each m^ng qu6c gia" vai npi dung nhSm "chong

cgng", "da thye", "bai phong"

Tij' nam 1955, t^p doan Ngo Dinh Di^m ma chien djch "to cgng" "di?t cgng"

tren toan mien Nam va coi day la "quoc sdch" Chung td chijc hang lo^t cugc va\

bat, tan sat, bo tu nhung nguoi khang chien cu V6i phuong cham tieu di?t cong

san khong thuong tiec, "tha giet nham con han bo s6t", MT - Di^m dung hinh thuc

giet nguo'i man rg th6i trung c6

MT - Di^m c6n thi hanh chuang trinh "cai cdch dien dja" nham l l y l^i rugng diii

ma each m^ng giao cho nong dan

Ban chit cua MT- Di?m con Ig r6 trong hang lo^t hanh dgng chong nhan dan

Tieu bieu 1^ vy am sat a Chg Dugc (Quang Nam) lam 39 nguoi chat, 37 nguoi hi

thirang vao ngay 4-9-1954; vy tra thu nh&ng nguai kh^ng chiln cu a xa VTnh Trinh

(Duy Xuyen, Quang Nam); vy tri?t h^ a Huang Dien (Quang Trj); vy dSu dgc mcVi

luc 6000 nguai a Phi'i Lgi (Sai Gon)

2 Dau tranh chong che 6Q MT - Di^tn, cung c6 hda binh

- M a dau la phong trao hoa binh cua tri thuc va cac tang Idp nhan dan Sai Gon

Chg L6n n6 ra vao 8/1954 QuSn chiing da t6 chuc nhieu cugc mit tinh, bieu tinh

hgi hgp dl ch^o inijng ngay hgi cua dat nude, yeu cku MT - Di^m thi hanh nghiem

chinh Hi0p djnh Gianeva

- Nam 1955 - 1956 da lien tyc n6 ra nhttng cugc dau tranh soi noi, r^m rg va doi

hi^p thuong tdng tuy6n cu', doi thong nhat dat nuac, chong cac tro he "Trung can

dan y " va "bau cu Quoc hOi" cua Ngo Dinh Di?m doi cac quyen t y do dan chu

chong "cai each dien dia" gia hi?u, bao v^ nh&ng quyen lgi do each m?ng dem

lai-Ngay 1/5/1956 c6 15 v^n cong nhan va nhan dan Sai G6n mit tinh, bieu tinh lai-Ngay

1/5/1957 han 50 v^n cong nhan, nhan dan lao dpng mien Nam dau tranh ky ni^m

ngay Quoc te lao dgng

148

Tu' cuoi 1957 trd di cu^c dau tranh trd nen v6 cung quyet li#t, ch6ng c&c chien

dJch "to cgng", "di^t cgng" va d^o lu$t 10.59 ciia MT - Di#m Khdng chi dau tranh

chinh tri don thuAn, dong bao ta d mien Nam budc dau diing hinh thuc dau tranh vu

trang d^ giCi' g ' " va phdt trien phong trao

Cuoi nam 1959, mgt s6 cugc khdj ngliTa tiing phan da no ra d nhieu noi theo (jirdng 16i each m^ng b^o lyc ma Dang da v^ch ra trong Nghj quyet 15, ma dfiu la

cugc khd\a a Tra B6ng (8/1959) Sang ddu 1960 phong tr^o "Dong K h d i "

phat triln ram rg khSp n6ng thon mien Nam ma 1a cb dau la Ben Tre (17/1/1960)

CuQC "Dong K h d i " vT dgi bang lyc lugng chinh trj quan chijng la chu yeu da d i n

sy ra ddi ciia M§t tr^n dan tgc giai phong mien Nam V i $ t N a m (20/12/1960) va

lani pha san hoan toan chinh sach dan ap khung bo mang tinh chit "chii§n tranh mgt

phfa" cua de quoc MT

Nhu v§y, tu nam 1954 den 1960 c&ch mang mien Nam phat t r i l n tir ch6 chi

dung dau tranh chfnh trj len d i n dau tranh chinh trj c6 dSu tranh vu trang ho trg,

vdi cugc "Dong khd'i" 1960 each m^ng da phat triSn thAnh cao trao, gianh ket qua

bet sire to Ian

Qua trinh dau tranh cich mang 1954 - 1960 chung td sy nh^y b6n, sing suot

^iia Dang, ban ITnh each m^ng kien cudng cua qukn chung mien Nam va sy dy bao thang lgi hoan toAn la tat yeu ciia sy nghi^p ctiong MT cuu nude

Trudc phong trao dau tranh chinh trj cua quan chung nhan dan mien Nam, MT Di^m ngay cang m d rgng chiin dich "To cgng", "Di?t cgng", tSng cudng dan ap

^ u n g bo thong qua Lu^t 10/59, le may ch6m khap mien Nam, giet hai hang lo^t

i v6 tgi vdi k h l u hi?u: "Tha ban lam han bd sdt"

- Chinh sach cai trj cua MT - Di?m lam cho cdch m^ng mien Nam bj tdn that

g lie, nhieu ca sd each m^ng bj tan v5, nhieu cdn bg Dang vien b[ bat, bj giam

va gik h^i Tinh hinh do cang lam cho phong trao dau tranh ngay cang len

trd thanh mgt con bao tap each mang

- Dap img yeu cau ciia phong trao quan chung, Hgi nghj T W Dang Ian thu 15

g 1/1959) da xac djnh phuong hudng ca ban cua each mang mien Nam la: Khdi

Ta gianh chinh quyen ve tay nhan dan bang lyc lugng chinh trj cua quan chung la yeu ket hgp vdi dau tranh vQ trang de danh do ach thong trj cua MT - Difin

^ qua Gua nh&ng nguySn nhan sau xa va tryc tiep ndi tren la sy bung n6 phong Dong Khdi 1959-1960

149

b Dien bien cua phong trao

- Duoc Nghj quySt 15 ciia Dang soi sang, phong trao n6 ra le te a mot s6 dja phuon

+ Cuoc noi day ciia 3.000 dong bao a BSc A i (Ninh Thuan) vao 2/1959

+ Cuoc khai nghTa a Tra B6ng (Quang Ngai) vao 8/1959 nhan dan da

day dap tan chinh quyen djch, xay dung chinh quyen each mang duai hinh thuc Oy

ban nhan dan tu' quan T u Tra Bong phong trao Ian rong ra cac huyen Son I la

M i n h Long, Ba T o

- Phong trap Ian rong khSp mi^n N a m , thanh mot cao trao D 6 n g K h o i , tieu biei,

nhat la CU9C noi day a Ben Tre vao 17/1/1960

D u a i su lanh dao cua tinh uy Ben Tre, nhan dan cac xa D i n h Thuy, Phuac Hiep

Binh Chanh thuoc huyen M o Cay cung v a i gay goc, giao mac, tarn von^ da doiig

loat noi day giai tan chinh q u y l n djch, thanh lap chinh q u y l n each mang Cuoc n6i

day da nhanh chong Ian rong khSp huyen M o Cay va toan tinh B6n Tre Tii' Ben tre

phong trao nhu nuac v a ba Ian rong khSp Nam Bo Tay Nguyen va Trung Trung B i

c Ket qua

- " D 6 n g K h a i " da pha v a tung mang Ian bo may cai trj va he thdng kirn kep cua

djch a cac thon xa: 600 xa a N a m Bo; 904 thon a Trung Bo; 3200 thon a Tay

Nguyen Lam rung lay tan g6c chinh q u y l n MT - Diem, da giang mot don nang ne

vao chinh sach thuc dan ki6u m a i cua de qu6c MT

- T u " D 6 n g k h a i " , luc luoTig vu trang nhan dan dugc hinh thanh va phat trie

lire lugng chinh trj ciia tap hop dong dao hon

- C) c^c vung m o i giai phong, U y ban nhan dan t u quan da tjch thu ruong dat c i

bon dja chu gian ac chia cho dan cay ngheo

- Thanh qua Ian nhat cua phong trao "Dong k h a i " danh dau bang su ra dai c i

Mat tran dan toe giai phong mi6n Nam Viet Nam (20/12/1960) tai Tan Lap - C l i

Thanh - Tay N i n h M a t tran la nguai dai dien chan chinh cho nhan dan mi6n N; i

vai chu truang doan ket tat ca cac dan toe, giai cap, dang phai nhSm danh d6 <

quoc M T v a t a y sai •

- " D 6 n g k h o i " lam pha san hoan toan chien tranh mot phia cua de quoc MT, d i

each mang mien N a m t u giiJ gin luc lugng sang the tan fcong lien tuc bSng ca 1^

lugng chinh trj va luc lugng vu trang

d Y nghia

- Phong trao " D o n g k h a i " bung no va t h i n g Igi khSng dinh su doc lap X\f cini

cua Dang ta trong viec vach ra duang each mang N o chung minh rSng duang \o\

each mang bao luc cOa Dang ta het sue sang suot, kjp thai phu hgp v a i yeu cau Ijc'i

su va nguyen vong cua quan chung

- ThSng Igi ciia phong trao " D o n g k h a i " ca nggi sue manh quat khai v6 cimg i'^

Ian ciia nhan dan miSn Nam dugc Dang lanh dao

- " D o n g k h a i " la thSng Igi c6 y nghTa chi6n luge dau tien ciia each mang mit

Nam, tao nen tien de het sue quan trgng trong su phat tri6n cua each mang troi

nhung giai doan tiep theo trong the ti^n cong lien tuc va ngay cang m a rong

150

p A I H O I T O A N Q U 6 C L A N T H U ' I H C U A D A N G , M I E N B A C T H l T C

N K E H O A C H 5 N A M L A N T H I T N H A T (1961 - 1965)

J p a i hoi dai b i l u toan quoc ISn thu- I I I cua Dang L a o dong Viet Nam

i (I, Hoan cdnh lich sir

k , The giai:

9' th6ng xa hoi chu nghTa da hinh thanh va ngay cang phat trien; phong trao

ai^i phong dan tgc len cao a khSp chau A , chau Phi, chau MT Latinh; phong trao

M i l tranh v i hoa binh dan chu va tien bg xa hoi len cao a cac nuac t u ban chii

nghTa Tuy nhien chu nghTa de quoc do MTcam Aku dang ra siic thuc hien am m u u

ngSn chan anh huang cua chu nghTa xa hoi, chTa mui nhgn vao n o i nao c6 phong jj^Q each mang va chong de quoc triet de

- Trong nuac:

Sau Hiep djnh Gianeva 1954, nuac ta tam thai chia cat lam hai mien, mien Bac jtirgc hoan toan giai phong chuyen sang lam each mang xa hgi chii nghTa va da gianh dugc nhung t h i n g Igi to Ion trong thuc hi?n nhiem vu cai tao va phat trien kinh tS Mien Nam con de qu6c MT va tay sai, nen tiep tuc lam each mang dan tgc dan chu nhan dan Cuoc each mang dan tgc dan chii nhan dan a mien Nam eo buac

tuy^n bien nhay vgt t u " D o n g k h a i " cuoi nam 1959 6hu nam 1960

Tir ch6 lanh dao nhan dan ca nuac lam nhi^m vu each mang dan tgc dan chii, iiic nay Dang phai lanh dao nhan dan hai mien Nam - BSe thuc hien hai chien luge cdch mang khac nhau: Cach mang xa hgi chii nghTa a mien BSc va each mang dan t0c dan chii a mien N a m

Trong hoan canh do Dang phai D a i hgi 6k cung c6 lai to chirc, sSp xep i ^ i lire

lirgng va d^ ra duang loi each mang cho ca nuac cung nhu cho moi mien

Dai hgi dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h u HI cua Dang hgp tai thii do Ha N g i t u ngay 5 d6n ngay 12 - 9 - 1960, c6 525 dai biSu chinh thuc va 51 dai bi^u dir khuyet thay m$t cho 50 van Dang vien ca nuac D u dai hgi eon c6 17 Doan dai bieu qu6c te

b Noi (lung Dai hoi

i - Dai hgi bau Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa m a i , bku H6 C h i M i n h lam

Chu tjch Dang, Le Duan lam B i t h u t h u nhat Ban chap hanh T r u n g uang Dang

- Dai hgi nghe va thao luan Bao cao chinh t r j , Bao cao sua doi dieu le Dang, ra l^ghj quyet ve duang loi, nhiem vu ciia Dang trong giai doan m a i

*-Bao cao chinh trj xac djnh nhiem vy chung cua each mang ca nuac la "Tang

'ang doan ket toan dan, kien quyk dau tranh g i u v u n g hoa binh, day manh each

Eing xa hgi chu nghTa a miSn B k , d6ng thai day manh each mang dan tgc dan

u nhan dan a mien N a m , thuc hi^n thdng nhat nuac nha tren ca sa doe lap va dan

l i , xay dung mot nuac Viet Nam hoa binh, thong nhk doe lap dan chii va giau

\^nh ihiet thuc gop phhn tang cuang phe xa hgi chii nghTa va bao ve hoa binh a

'ongNam A va th8 giai

Xac djnh each mang t i i n g mien N a m - BSc Nhiem vu each mang mien Bac ugc chien luge each mang xa hgi chii nghTa, nhi^m vy each mang mien N a m ugc chien luge each mang dan tgc dan chu nhan dan Cach mang hai mien deu co

151

m\\c ti6u Chung ho^n th4nh cAch m^ng dan tOc dan chu nhan dan trong nuof

thyc hi$n hoa binh th6ng nhat nude nha Trong vi#c thgc hi?n nnic tieu nhi^m vij

Chung, cdch ni^ng xS hpi chu nghTa a mien Bkc co vai trd quyet djnh nhat d6i v6j

svr nghilp thong nh4t nuac nhk, cdch m^ing dftn toe dan chu cr mien Nam c6 vai tr^

quy^t djnh tru'c tiep doi v6i sy nghi^p gidi phong mi^n Nam

••D^i hpi thdng qua ke ho^ch Nha nu'6c 5 nSm i§n thijr nhat (1961-1965) thire

hi^nofmienB^;

c Y nghTa Ifch sit ciia B^i hpi

Dai hpi d^i bieu toan quoc Ian thu 111 cua Dang la D^i hoi: "Xay dyng chu nghig

xa hpi a mikn BSc vh dau tranh th6ng nhat nud'c nh^" va la ca so cho "To^n Dang,

to^n dan ta do^n ket th^nh mpt kh6i khong \6 "Chung ta sdng t^o Chung ta xay

dyng Chung ta tien len"

2 K I ho^ch 5 nam Ian thu- nhat (1961 - 1965) & mikn Bic

D^y 1^ ho^ch dau tien lay xay dyng chu nghTa x5 hOi 14m trung tarn, nluini

tien cong v^o ngheo nan l^c h^u, c6 tdc dgng c6 vu toan Dang, toan dan ta hang hai

lao dpng xay dyng chu nghTa, ra sire cung c6 qu6c phong lam tron nghTa h^u

phuang Ian d6i v6\n tuyen Ion

Qui trinh thvrc hi^n ke ho^ch 5 nSm Ian thii' nhat a mien BSc da dat du'gc nhung

thanh tyu to I6n:

- Trong n6ng nghigp: Xay d\mg va phdt t r i l n nong trudng va lam trirdng quoc

doanh, tr^i thi nghi^m nghien cuu cfiy trong vk ch5n nuoi, ap dyng tidn bO khoa hoc

ky thu|t T i I9 six dyng ca khl trong nong nghifp tftng len, h? thong tuai tieu nga>

ckng md rpng Nhikn hgp tac xa d?t nSng suat 5 tfin thoc tren m^t h^c ta,

- Trong cong nghi^p: V6i su giiip dd cua Lien Xo, Trung Quoc v^ cAc nu6c \a

hOi chu nghTa, tinh than lao dpng hSng say can cu s^ng t^o cua giai cap cong nharu

da xay dyng dugc nhieu ca sd cong nghi^p: Khu gang th6p Th&i Nguyen, Nha may

nhi^t di§n Uong Bi, Thuy difn ThAc Ba, Phfin d^m Hk BSc, khu cong nghi^p nh<?

Thugng Dinh (Ha N ^ i ) cdc Nha may dird^ng V^n Diem, S6ng Larfi, su Hk'\,

pin van Diln Cong nghi^p qu6c doanh chiem ty trpng 93,1% tong gia trj san

luQTig cong nghi^p toan mien BSc

- Thuang nghi^p quoc doanh da chiem ITnh thj trwdng g6p ph4n v^o vifc phat

trien kinh t^, cung c6 quan h^ san xuSt, on djnh d6'i song nhan dan

- M^ng luai daong bp, duang sSt, 6\!tbng song, duo'ng bi6n duge xay dyng hoan

chinh phyc vy dac lyc cho giao liru kinh te, cting c6 quoc phdng

- Tren ITnh vyc van hoa, giao dye, y te deu c6 budc phdt trien va tien bg dang

kL Nam hgc 1964 - 1965 so vdi nam hgc 1 9 6 0 - 1 9 6 1 so hgc sinli pho thong tfing

tfr 1.899.000 \%n 2.676.000, sinh vien d^i hgc tang len tir 16.700 I6n 27,000 Mang

ladi y t l mdr rgng xuong t | n thon x&

• Quan d^i dugc xay dyng chinh qui, h\tdc dku dugc trang bj hi^n d^i

- Chi vi^n c h j m i l n Nam mgt kh6i lugng Idn v§t ch^t gom vu khf, d^n dugc,

thuoc men.,., nnieu dao vj vu trang, cAn bp quan sy, chfnh trj, van h6a, gido dye, >

t^ tham gia c.iien dau, phye vy chien dau, xay dyng vung giai phong

152

Song, trong qua trinh thyc hi§n chiing ta cung vi ph^m mgt so sal lam do tu' tuong chu quan, giao dieu, n6ng v^i nhir:

De ra phu'ong chkm uin len chu nghTa x& hgi nhanh m^nh, vCrng chSc, de ra

nhi^m vy uu ti6n phat trien cong nghifp n|ng nhanh chong h i | n d^i hoa nen kinh

te nho b6 l^c hau cua chung ta trong dieu ki^n dat nude con nhieu kho khan chua

CO nhu'ng tien de can thiet; neu chi tieu, myc tieu qui \6n va cao so v6i dieu ki6n

hien t^i va kha nang thyc te ciia ta

I V MltN NAM CHlfeN DAU C H 6 N G " C H l f i N T R A N H D ^ C B I | ; T " CUA

D £ QU6C M l (1961-1965)

1 Chidn lvt<fc "chien tranh d^c bift" ciia MI 6' mien Nam

- Phong trao "Dong khai" gianh dugc thang Igi da lam pha skn chiln luge chien

tranh dien hinh ciia d^ quoc MT, bugc MT phdi chuyin sang chiln luge "chi^n tranh

- Ch6 dya cua "chien tranh dac bift" la ngyy quan, ngyy quyen va Ap chien luge

- D I thyc hi^n chiln tranh d^c biet de quoc MT da:

+ D^ ra ke ho^ch Xtalay-Taylo v6i ngi dung chii y^u la binh dinh mien Nam trong v6ng 18 thdng bang m^t lo?it cfic bifn phdp:

+ Tang cudng lyc lugng va kha nang ca dgng ciia quan nguy trong cac cugc

hanh quan tieu di?t qufin giii phong, tien hanh don dkn lap "Ap chiln luge",

+ Dau 1964, MT dung k^ ho^ch Gionxan Mac Namara thay the cho ke ho^ch

Xtalay - Taylo, d l y m^nh chien tranh dSc bi^t nham binh djnh c6 trgng d i l m mien Nam trong vong hai nam

- Thyc hi^n ckc k^ ho^ch n6i tren, MT tang cu6ng vif n trg cho quan Di^m, dua

vao mien Nam nhi6u c6 v4n quan sy, vu khi va phuang ti^n chien tranh hi?n dai

Ap dyng nhOng chien thu^t m6i "Tryc thSng v | n " , "Thiet xa v§n", Xay dyng ha thong "Ap chiln luge" coi day la quoc sach trong "chi^n tranh d^c bi?t" h6ng bien

mi^n Nam thanh mgt tr^i t^p trung khong I6, thyc hi?n ck\i la "tat nuac bat ca"

de dan ap tieu di?t phong trao cdch m^ng, Nhu v$y, MT da dan them mgt budc trong qua trinh phi^u luu quan sy xSm luge mien Nam, Tien hanh ehiln tranh Dong Duang MT ap dyng nhDng thu do^n mai, nguy biem va dS man han hdng d^t dugc myc tieu chien luge ciia chung d mien

Nam Vi?t Nam, Song d6 deu la nhOng thii do^n phi nghTa nen khong thk tranh khoi

sy th4t b^i dau ddn,

2 Mien Nam chien dau chong "chien tranh d^c bi?t" cua Mi

- Dirdi sy iSiih d^o cua Ding, dudi nggn cd doan ket cua M^t tran dan tOc giai

* phdng mien Nam Vi^t Nam, qukn dkn miln Nam da day manh dau tranh chong M i

va tay sai, ket hgp dau tranh quan sy vdi d4u tranh chinh trj va binh v^n, danh djch

tren ca 3 vung chi^n luge: mikn nui, nong thdn dong bang va do thj

153

* Tren Mat tran quan s^r: quan ta da gianli thfing Igi ma dSu vang dpi tai Ap BSc

(MT Tho) vao ngay 2/1/1963 Ta danli bai cuoc lianli quan cua 2000 quan nguy c6

CO van MT chi huy, c6 su ho trg cua phao binh, xe tang may bay

V6i tran nay ta loai khoi viing chien dau 450 ten djch, ban roi 8 may bay, ban chay

3 xe boc thep Tu do day len mot phong trao "thi dua Ap Bac, giet giac lap cong"

Vai chidn thing Ap BSc quan dan ta da danh bai chien thuat "True thang van"

cua MT Nguy No chimg minh rang quan dan mien Nam c6 kha nang danh bai

chien luge "chien tranh dac biet" cua MT

- Sau chien thang Ap Bac, quan giai phong nhanh chong truong thanh va ngay

cang danh Ian Guoi 1964, quan dan Nam Bo mo chien dich tkn cong Dong Xuan

(1964 - 1965) v6i tran ma mang vao Ap Binh Gia (Ba Ria) vao 12/1964 Ta da loai

khoi vong chien dau 1700 ten djch trong do eq 60 c6 van MT, thu va pha huy nhiSu

phuang tien chien tranh cua djch j

- Thiia thang xong len, quan dan mien Nam da lien tiep tan cong va gianh dugc j

nhieu thang Igi moi: Chien thang An Lao (Binh Djnh) (12.1964) Ba Gia (Quang

Ngai) (6.1965) D6ng xoai (Bien Hoa) (8.1965),

* Tren mat tran chong "binh djnh": cuoc dau tranh giua ta va djch dien ra dai

dang, quyet liet giua tap va pha Ap chien luge cua djch, nhieu Ap chien luge tra

thanh lang chien dau cua ta

* Tren mat tran chinh trj: Ci cac do thj va nhieu vung nong thon phong trao no ra

manh me Dac biet la tai cac thanh pho nhu: Hue, Da Nang, Sai Gon, phong trao da

thu hut dong dao quan chiing nhan dan tham gia, nhat ia thanh nien, hoc sinh va

phat tii'

Chinh phong trao nay da gop phan lam lung lay nguy quyen Sai Gon, buoc MT

phai di ddn dao chinh Ngo Dinh Di^m vao ngay 1/11/1963

*YnghTa:

- Cac su ki^n tren da danh bai chien luge "chien tranh dac biet" cua MT a mien

Nam Danh bai "chien tranh dac biet" la thang Igi c6 y nghTa chien luge thu hai cho

each mang mien Nam, do cung la that bai thu hai cua de quoc MT va tay sai

- Mot Ian nua chung minh r§ng duong loi cua Dang trong each mang mien Nam

la hoan toan sat hop, sue manh quat khai cua quan chung la vT dai

- Thang Igi nay ma rgng va phat tridn toan dien the chien luge ticn cong cua

each mang mi6n Nam, la eg sa de nhan dan mien Nam tien len dap tan nhung ke

hoach chien tranh moi cua de quoc MT, gianh thang Igi hoan toan

C A U HOI T R A C N G H I E M

Cau 1 Vi sao mien Bac ticn hanh cong cuoc cai each ruong dat?

A Nong rghiep con lac hau, nang suat lao dong thap

B Che do chiem huu rugng dat cua dja chii phong kien yan eon pho bien

C De lam hau phugng Ign cho tien tuyen Ian a mien Nam

D Tat ca cac ly do tren

154

Cau 2 Mien Bac tien hanh cai each ruong dat va khoi phue kinh te trong thoi gian nao?

A 1954 -1957 B 1954 -1958 C 1955 -1958 D 1955 -1960

Can 3 Qua dot cai each ruong dat o mien Bac da thuc hien triet d l kh3u hieu nao?

A "Tac dat, tac vang"

B "Tang gia san xuat nhanh, tang gia san xuat nua"

C "Nguoi cay c6 rugng"

D "Doc lap dan toe" va "Rugng dat dan cay"

au 4 Thang loi quan trong trong cong cuoc cai each ruong dat a mien Bac la gi?

A Da danh do toan bg giai cap dja chu phong kien

B Giai phong hoan toan nong dan khoi ach ap buc, boc lot cua dja chu phong kien

C Dua nong dan len dja vj lam chu a nong thon

D Tat ca deu dung

lu 5 Bac Ho da den tham cong trtfong xay dyng cau Viet Tri vao thoi gian nao?

A 1955 B 1956 C 1957 D 1958

Cau 6 Den nam 1960, o mien BSc c6 85% ho nong dan, 68% dien tich dat dai 'ao hop tac xa nong nghiep Do la ket qua cua:

A Cai each rugng dat B Khoi phue kinh te

C Cai tao xa hoi chu nghTa D Cau a va b dung

Cau 7 Din nam 1960, mien B^c c6 172 xi nghiep do nha nu-oc quan ly, hou

500 xi nghiep cong nghiep dja phuong Do lal ket qua cua:

A Buac dau phat trien kinh te B Khoi phue kinh te 4

C Cai tao xa hoi chu nghTa D Tat ca cung dung

Cau 8 Dau nam 1955, khi da difng duoc o mien Nam Viet Nam, tap doan Ngo Dinh Diem mo chien djch nao? »

A "To cong", "Diet cong" tren toan mien Nam

B "Da thuc", "Bai phong", "Diet cong" tren toan mien Nam

C "Tieu diet cong san khong thuong tiec" tren toan mien Nam

D "Tha ban lam han bo sot" tren toan mien Nam

au 9 Vu tan sat nao cua MT- Diem dien ra vao ngay 1-12-1958 lam chet hon

1000 nguoi dan?

A Chg Dugc (Quang Nam) B Huong Dien (Quang Trj)

C VThh Trinh (Duy Xuyen, Quang Nam) D Phu Lgi (Sai Gon)

Cau 10 Chinh sach nao ciia Mi- Diem the hien chien lu-oc chien tranh mot phia 6'mien Nam?

A Phe truat Bao Dai, di8u Ngo Dinh Diem lam Tong thong

B Gat het quan Phap de doc chiem mien Nam

C Mo- chien djch "To cong", "Diet cong" thi hanh "Luat 10 - 59", le may chem khap mien Nam

D Thuc hien chinh sach "Da thuc", "Bai phong", "Diet cong"

!55

Cau 11 Hinh thu-c dku tranh ch6ng ch^ d9 MT - Difm cua nh&n dSn mien

trong nhii-ng ngky dau sau Hif p djnh Gio-ne-vo' 1954, chii yen 1^ gi?

A Dau tranh vu trang

B Dau tranh chinh trj, hoa binh

C Kh6i nghTa gianh l^i quyen lam

chii.-D Dung b^o lyc each m^ng

Cau 12 Nguyen nhfin co' ban nhk dan d^n phong trao D^ng kho'i 1959 - 1960

l^gJ?

A MT- Difm pha Hi|p djnh Gio-ne-va, thyc hifn chinh sach "to cpng", "diet cgng'

B C6 nghj quy^t Hpi nghj l4n thir 15 cua Dang v l duong loi each m^ng mi^n Nam

C Do chinh sach cai trj cua MT - Difm l^m cho c&ch m^ng mien Nam bj ion

th^tn^ngne

D Cau A va B dung 1

Cau 13 Dien vao cho tr6ng cau sau: "Con duong phAt trien co' ban cua cAcW

m^ng Vif t Nam 6' mien Nam !a khd-i nghta gi^nh chinh quy^n v4 tay nhan dan,^

A Lyc lugng vu trang nh&n dan l<et hgp voi lyc lugng chinh trj '|j

B Lyc lugng chinh trj cua qu4n chung la chu yeu, ket hgp voi lye lugng

trang nhfin dan

C Sy ket hgp gi&a dau tranh vu trang v6'i dau tranh chinh trj v^ ngo^i giao

D Tat ca deu dung

Cfiu 14 Thiing 2-1959, dien ra cuOc noi day ciia dong b^o mi^n Nam & dau?

A Tr^ B6ng (Quang Ngai) B Phudc Hif p (Ben Tre)

C BSc Ai (Ninh ThuSn) D Chg Dugc (Quang Nam)

CSu 15 Ghi cdc nien dai vao cac kifn sau d&y cho phu h^'p:

A N6i d g y d ' B k Ai(NinhThu§n)

B Khai ngliTa d Trk Bong (Qu^ng Ngai)

C Dong khdi d Ben Tre

CSu 16 K i t qua Ifrn nhat cua phong tr^o "D^ng khoi" Ik gi?

• A Pha vd tirng mang Ian bg may cai trj cua djch d 600 xS d Nam Bg, 904 thon

d Trung Bg, 3200 thon d Tay Nguyen

B Lyc lugng vu trang dugc hinh thanh va phdt tri^n, lye lugng chinh trj dugc

tip hgp dong dao

C Uy ban nhan dan ty quan tjch thu rugng dat cua bgn dia chu chia cho dan cky ngh^o

D Sy ra ddi cua M^t tr$n Dan tgc giai ph6ng mikn Nam Vift Nam (20-12-960)

Cau 17 Y nghia quan tr^ng nhat cua phong tr^o "Dong khdi" Ik gi?

A Gidng mOt don n^n^ ne vko chinh sAch thyc dan mdi cua MT a mien Nam

B Lkm lung lay t$n g6c chinh quyen tay sai Ngo Dinh Difm

C Danh dau budc phdt trien nhay vgt cua cAch m^ng mien Nam chuyin tir the

gi& gin lyc lugng sang the tan cong djch

D Cau B va C dung

156

Cfii

Cfiu 18 Dai hoi dgii bieu tohn qu6c I^n HI cua Dang h9p 6' dau v^o th6i gian n^o?

A 6 ciiiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang) - Tir 11 den 19 - 2 - 1955

B Q Tan Trao (Tuyen Quang) - Tir 10 den 19 - 5 - 1960

C Q H a N g i - T u S den 12-9-1960

D Q H I N Q i - T u 6 d e n 10-10-1960

CSu 19 Dai hoi Ian III cua Dang da b^u ai I^m Chu tjch B&ng va Bi thu- thiV nhat?

A Ho Chi Minh lam Chu tjch Dang, Truo'ng Chinh lam Bi thir thu' nhat Ban chSp hanh Trung uong Dang

B Ho Chi Minh lam Chii tjch Dang, Le DuSn lam Bi thu thu nhat Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang

C H6 Chi Minh lam Chu tjch Dang, V6 Nguyen Giap lam Bi thu thu nhat Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang

'\ H6 Chi Minh lam Chii tjch Dang, Do Muoi lam Bi thu thir nhat Ban chip

hanh Trung uong Dang,

u 20 D^i hOi Ian III ciia Dang du^t ChCi tjch H6 Chi Minh xac djnh van de gi?

; A "D?i hpi xay dyng CNXH a mien BJc va dau tranh hoa binh th6ng nhat

nuac nha"

B "D^i hgi thyc hifn ho^ch 5 nfim Ifin thu nhat a mien BSc"

C "D?ii hgi xay dyng mi6n BSc thanh h^u phuong 16'n d6i voi tien tuyin Ion o mien Nam"

D "D^i hgi xay dyng chii nghTa xS hgi a mien BSc va dSu tranh giai phong dan

A "Ba nhat": n6ng nghifp; "D^i phong": Quan dgi

B "Ba nhat"; Quan dgi; "Dai phong"; Nong nghifp

C "Ba nhat"; Cong nghifp; "D?ii phong": Thu cong nghifp

D "Ba nhdt"; Giao dye; "D^i phong"; Nong nghifp

cau 23 Trong k l hoaich 5 nSm Ian thir nhat, Nh^ nuo-c dSu tu- von cho xay dyng kinh t l chiem ti If bao nhieu so v6i thoi Id kh6i phyc kinh te?

A 60% so vai tho'i ki khoi phyc kinh te

; B 61,2% so vai thai ki khoi phyc kinh te

C 65,5% so voi thai ki khoi phi,ic kinh \L

D 67% so vai thai ki khoi phyc kimh te

u 24 Voi phwong cham: tien len chu nghTa xa h^i nhanh, m?nh, vii-np chSc

la thanh tyu hay han che cua k^ ho^ch 5 nSm l^n thu- nhat a mien Bac

C a u 25 T6ng thong nao cua M I de ra chien luWốChien tranh dac biet" 6

mien N a m ?

A Ai-xen-haọ B Ken-na-dị C Gion-xon D Ru-da-ven

C a u 26 "Chien tranh dac biet" nam trong hinh thirc nao cua chien lu-ac toan

cau ma M i de r a ?

A "Phan ung linli hoat" B "Ngan de thirc te"

C "Ben mieng ho cliien tranh" D "Chinh sach thirc luc"

C a u 27, A m mu-u có ban cua " Chien tranh dac bief'ma M i ap dung ó mien

Nam Viet Nam la gỉ

Ạ Dua quan chu hau vao mien Nam Viet Nam

B " D u n g nguoi Viet danh nguoi Viet"

C Dua quan MT ao at vao mikn Nam

D Dua CO van MT ao at vao mien Nam

C a u 28 L u c lu-ffng co van M I dua vao mi^n Nam den 1964 bao nhieu ten?

Ạ 1.100 ten B 11.000 ten C 26.000 ten D 30.000 ten

C a u 29 C h o dua ciia "Chien tranh dac biet" cua M i 6' mien Nam la gỉ

Ạ Ap chien lugẹ

B Lu c iugng nguy quan, nguy quyen

C Luc lugng co van MT

D A p chien luge va nguy quan, nguy quyen

C a u 30 M I - nguy d y djnh thyc hien nhirng muc tieu cua "Chien tranh dac

biet" trong tam la "binh djnh" trong vong 18 thang M u c tieu do nam trong

ke hoach naỏ

Ạ Don dan lap ap chien lugẹ B Xta-lay Tay-!ọ

C Gion-xon Mac-na-ma-rạ D Cau B va C dung

C a u 31 G h i cac s y kien vao cac moc thoi gian sau day cho phii ho-p:

C a u 32 T r e n mat tran quan sy, chien thSng nao ciia ta co tinh chat mó mart

cho viec danh bai "Chien tranh dac biet" cua M I ?

Ạ Binh G i a ( B a Rja) B Ba Gia (Quang Ngai)

C Dong Xoai ( Bien Hoa) D A p BSc (MT Tho)

C a u 33 C h i e n thdng quan s y nao cua ta da lam pha san ve có ban "Chien

tranh dac biet" cua M I ?

Ạ A p B S c B Binh Giạ C Dong Xoaị D Ba Giạ

C a u 34 C u o c dau tranh chinh tri tieu bieu nhat trong nam 1963 cua dong baô mien N a m ?

Ạ CuQC bi^u tinh cua 2 van tang ni Phat túHud (8-5-1963)

B Hoa thuong Thich Quang Due t u thieu de phan doi chinh quy&n Diem a Sai

G 6 n ( l 1-6-1963)

C Cuoc b i l u tinh cua 70 van quan chung Sai Gon ( 1 6 - 6 -1963)

D Cuoc dao chinh lat d o N g o Dinh Diem ( 01-1 1-1963)

au 35 T h y c hien khSu hieu "Nguoi cay co ruong", Dang ta da co chu truong gỉ

A Giai phong giai cap nong dan B Tien hanh cai each rugng dat

C K h o i phyc kinh tẹ D Cai tao xa hoi chu nghTạ

au 36 Y nghia nao la có ban nhat cua nhung thanh tyu dat d u y c trong thoi ' khoi phuc kinh te 6' mien BSc (1954 - 1957)?

Ạ Nen kinh te hi chien tranh tan pha dugc phuc h6ị •

B Tao dieu kien cho nen kinh te mien B4 C phat trien

C Nang cao dai song cua nhan dan

I D Cung CO Mien Bac, CO vu each mang mien Nam

au 37 Mien BSc tien hanh ciii tao quan h | san xuat trong khoang thoi gian aỏ

Ạ 1954 - 1 9 5 6 B 1956 -1958 C 1958 - 1 9 6 0 D 1 9 5 4 - 1 9 5 7

au 38 T r o n g cong cuoc cai tao X H C N , mien BSc tap trung giai quyet khau hinh tren llnh v y c naỏ

A T h u o n g nghiep B N o n g nghiep

C T h i i cong nghiep D Cong nghiep

au 39 Den nam 1960, mien BSc co 85% ho nong dan, 68% dien tich dat dai

ao hyp tac xa nong nghiep Do la ket qua ciia:

Ạ Cai each rugng 6k B Khoi phuc kinh tẹ

C Cai tao X H C N D Cau a va b dung

Cau 40 Den nam 1960, mien BSc co 172 xi nghiep do nha nuoc quan ly, hon

0 xi nghiep cong nghiep dja phuong Do la ket qua ciia:

A Budc dau phat t r i l n kinh te B Khoi phuc kinh t6

C Cai tao X H C N D.Thuc hien ke hoach 5 nam Ian thír nha

au 41 Den cuoi nam 1960 mien B^c co bao nhieu ho nong dan va so ruong

at vao hop tjk xa nong nghiep?

A 82 % hg nong dan v o i 68 % rugng dat

B 83 % hg nong dan v a i 68 % rugng 6k

C 84 % hg nong dan v a i 68 % rugng 6k

D 85 % hg nong dan v o i 68 % rugng dat

au 42 Den cuoi nam 1960 mien BSc co bao nhieu ho vao cong t u hop doanh'

Ạ 77 % B 87 % C 97 % D 100 %

151

Cau 43 Ket qua I6'n nhat cua cong cu$c cai t^o quan h | san xuat 6' mien B&c

(1958-1960) Ih gl?

A Tlu'ic d5y sail xu^t phat triln nhat 1^ trong dieii ki^n chien tranh

B Hgp tdc xS bao dam dcri song cho nhan dan lao dpng

C T90 didu ki^n v^t chk, tinh thSn cho ngudi di chien dau va phyc \\n tranh,

D X6a bo che dp ngirdi boc Ipt nguai

Cau 44 "Chung ta da ph^m m^t so sai lam nhu- dS dong nhat cai tao vol xoa

bo tu" hu'u \k cAc th^nh phan kinh te c^ the, thyc hifn sai c&c ngiiyen tftc xSy

dyng h9'p tac xa Ih tw nguyfn, cong bSng, dan chii, cung c6 I9I" D6 1^ mpt so

sai lam cua ta trong thoi ki nao?

A Phong trao each m^ng 1930-1931

B Phong trao cdch m?ing 1936-1939

C Cdi each ruQngdat 1954

D Cai t^o quan h? san xuat 1958-1960

Cau 45 Trpng tam phat triln kinh te mien B^c th6i ki 1958 - 1960 la gi?

A Phdt trien thanh ph4n kinh te ca the

B Ph^t tri^n thanh phan kinh te quoc doanh

C Phdt trien' th^nh phan kinh te tu nhan

D Phat trien thanh phan kinh te hgp X&c xS,

Cfiu 46 NSm 1960 so lir9Tig tru'd'ng daii hgc 6' miln B&c c6 tht ca-1^:

A 9 truang B 10 truerng C 11 truong D 12 t r u i n g

Cau 47 Dang ta chu tru-o'ng cai tao h9 bSng phu-ong phap hoa binh, sir dyng

m&t tich c\rc nhat cua de phyc.vv cho cong CUQC xay dijrng mien B^c H9 la

giai cap nao?

A Tu'san dfin tQc B, Tu sdn m?! ban

C Dja chu phong k\in D, T i i u tu san

Cau 48 Nhifm vy cua cAch m^ng mien Nam sau 1954 la gi?

A Tiep tyc dau tranh vu trang ch6ng thyc dan Phap

B Dku tranh chinh trj chong MT - Di^m, doi thi hanh Hi^p djnh Gio-ne-vo, bao

hoa binh

C Bao v0 mien BSc XHCN, de mien Bac du si'rc chi vi^n cho mien Nam

D Chong "to CQng", "di^t cpng", d6i quyin ty do, dan chu

Cau 49 "Phong tr^o ra ddi v6i ban hi^u tri^u hoan nghenh Hifp djnh Gio-ne-vo",

ung h9 hi^p thu-o-ng tuyen cir, du-9'c sy huong li-ng r^ng rSi cua cdc tang lop

nhan dan" Do la phong trao n^o?

A Chong khung bo d^n ap ciia MT - Di?m

B Phong tr^o ddu tranh cua nhan dan cac thanh ph6 Ion Hue, Dh N5ng

C "Phong trao hoa binh" 6-Sdi Gon - Chg Lan

D Phong trao vi myc tieu h6a binh cua nhan dan cac th^nh pho Ion va cac viing

au 51 Viec MT - Diem m& rong chien dich "To cong", "diet c^ng", ra sSc

nh "dat cong san ngoai vong phap Iuat", thyc hien "dao Iuat 10 - 59" Chu-ng dilu gi?

A Su suy yeu va ngay cang bj c6 lap cua chung

B Sue manh ve quan sir cua MT - Diem

C Chi'nh sach doc tai ciia che do gia dinh trj

D MT - Diem rat manh

au 52 Dail nam 1955, khi da dirng duwc if mien Nam Viet Nam, tap doan

go Dinh Diem ma chien djch nao?

A "To cong", "Diet cgng" tren toan m\kn Nam

B "Da thirc", "Bai phong", "Diet cong" tren toan mi^n Nam '

C "Tieu diet cong san khong thuong tiec" tren toan mien Nam

D "Tha ban nham con hoTi bo sot" tren toan mien Nam

Cau 53 Hinh thiic dau tranh chong che do MT- Diem cua nhan dan mien Nam trong nhirng ngay dau sau Hiep djnh Gio'-ne-vo' 1954 chu yeu la gi?

A Dau tranh vu trang

B Dau tranh chinh trj, hoa binh

C Khoi nghTa gianh lai quyen lam chu

D Dung bao lire each mang

Cau 54 Hoi nghj T W Dang Ian thir 15 (dau nam 1959) da xac djnh con du-otig

ca ban cua each mang mien Nam la gi?

A Dau tranh chinh tri doi thi hanh Hiep dinh Gio-ne-vo

B Dau tranh chinh trj ket hop dau tranh vu trang gianh chinh quyen

C Khoi nghTa gianh chinh quyen bSng lire luong chinh trj cua quan chung la chu yeu, ket hop voi luc lugng vu trang

D Dau tranh giir gin va phat trien lye lugng each mang

^au 55 Co Nghj quyet T W Dang 15 soi sang, nhan dan Tra Bong Quang Ngai

I noi day vao thcri gian nao?

A 5 -1959 B 6 -1959 C 7 -1959 D 8-1959 -au 56 Phong trao "Dong khoi", du-oi sy lanh dao cua Tinh uy Ben Tre, bat

au vao ngay nao?

A 17-1-1959 B 17-2-1959 C 17-3-1959 D 17-4-1959

-au 57 Chinh sach nao thi hien "chien luoc chien tranh mot phia" cua MT - Diem?

A Gat het quan Phap de MTdgc chien mien Nam

B Phe truat Bao Dai 6k Diem lam t6ng thong

Hiep thuong tuyen cu rieng le

) Ra sue "To cong", "diet cong", thi hanh "Luat 10 - 59"

- - juii 161

Cau 58 Trong noi dung co- ban cua Nghi quyet T W 15, diem gi c6 quan he voi

phong trao Dong Khoi (I960)?

A Con duong each mang mien Nam la khoi nghTa gianh chinh quyen

B Khoi nghTa bang lire liigng chinh tri cua quan chi'ing

C Trong khoi nghTa, lire luong chinh tri cua qu§n chiing la chu y^u kk hop vol

lire lu'gng vu trang nhan dan

D Cau A va C dung

Caflf'59 Mat tran dan toe giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam ra doi ngay nao?

A 20-9-1960 8.20-10-1960 C 20-11-1960 D 20-12-1960

Cau 60 Ai la chu tjch Mat tran dan toe giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam?

A Nguyin Thj Binh B Nguyen V^n Linh

C Nguyen Huu Tho D Huynh Tan Phat

Cau 61 Dai hoi nao cua Dang du-oc xac djnh la "Dai hoi xay dyng C N X H o

mien Bac va dau tranh hoa binh thong nhat nuo'c nha"?

A Dai hoi Ian thi'r I B Dai hoi Ian thu II

C Dai hoi \hn thu III D Dai hoi Ian thu IV

Cau 62 De hoan thanh nhiem vu chung, vai tro ciia mien BSc se la gi?

A Mien Bac la hau phuoi)g, CO vai tro quyet djnh true tiep

B Mien BSe la hau phuong, co vai tro quyet djnh nhat

C Mien BSc la hau phuong, eo nhiem vu chi vi?n cho each mang mien Nam

D Mien Bac la hau phuong, co nhiem vu bao ve each mang mien Nam

Cau 63 De hoan thanh nhiem vu chung, vai tro cua each mang mien Nam la gi?

A Mien Nam la tien tuyen, co vai tro bao ve each mang XHCN a mien BSc

B Mien Nam la tien tuyen co vai tro quyet djnh nhk

C Mien Nam la tien tuyen, co vai tro quySt dinh true tiep nhat

D Mien Nam la tien tuyen, lam hau thuin cho each mang mien Bic

Cau 64 Trong tarn ciia ke hoach 5 nam Ian thu nhat (1961 - 1965) 6' mien Bii'

lagi? ^ •

A Cong nghiep nhe B Cong nghiep nang

C Cai tao XHCN D Xay dung CNXH

Cau 65 Dai hoi Ian I I I cua Dang dwo'c Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh xac djnh la:

A "Dai hoi xay dung CNXH a mien BSc va dau tranh hoa binh thdng nhili

nuac nha"

B "Dai hoi thue hien ke hoach 5 nam Ian thu nhat a mien BSc" *

C "D^i hoi xay dyng mien Bac thanh hau phuong Ian doi voi tikn tuySn Ion o

mien Nam"

D "Dai hoi xay dung CNXH a mien BSc va dau tranh giai phong dan toe o

mien Nam"

162

£§iu 66 Trong giai dean 1961 - 1965 mien Bac da phat trien nhieu nha may

c6ng nghiep nang do la:

A Khu gang thep Thai Nguyen, khu cong nghiep Viet Tri, Thuang Dinh (Ha Noi)

B Khu gang thep Thai Nguyen, nha may nhiet dien Uong Bi, thiiy dien Thac Ba

C Khu cong nghiep Viet Tri, nha may duong Van Dien, su Hai Duong

D Pin Van Dien, Su Hai Duong Det 8 - 3, det kirn Dong Xuan

CSu 67 Thanh tyu 16-n nitiat mien BSc da dat du-ffc trong thcri ki ke hoach 5 flam (1961 - 1965) la gi?

A Cong nghiep, nong nghiep dat san lugng cao du sue chi vien cho mien Nam

B Thuong nghiep gop phan phat triin kinh t§, bung c6 quan h$ san xuat, on djnh doi song nhan dan

C Van hoa, giao due, y t^ phat triln S6 hoc sinh pho thong tang 2,7 trieu

D Bo mat mien Bac thay doi, dat nuoc, xa hoi, con nguoi deu doi moi

Cau 68 Y nghTa Ion nhat ciia ke hoach 5 nam (1961 - 1965) la gi?

j | ; A Bo mat midn Bac thay d6i khae truoc rSt nhieu

B Nen kinh te M i l n BSc du sue chi vien cho mien Nam

C Mien Bac du sue de tu bao ve su nghiep xay dung CNXH

1^, D Mi^n Bac duge cung co va Ian manh, c6 kha nang.tu bao ve va thue hien day

f^' dii nghTa vu hau phuong

Cau 69 Han che Ion nhat cua mien Bdc trong tho-i ki tien hanh ke hoach 5 nam (1961 •• 1965)?

A Chu truang phat trien chu yeu thanh phan kinh te quoe doanh va hgp tac xa,

han che phat trien cae thanh phan kinh te khac

B Chu truong uu tien phat triln cong nghiep nang, hien dai hoa nen kinh te von

K be nho

P C Xoa bo thanh ph4n kinh te ea the, tu nhan

' D Co nhu'ng sai lam trong cai each rugng dat

Cau 70 Dau la han che trong du-ong loi dua mien BSc tien len chu nghTa xa hoi?

A Nong nghiep duge coi la co sa eiia cong nghiep

B Ap dung khoa hgc - kT thuat, su dung ca khi trong cong nghiep

C Phuong cham t i l n len CNXH nhanh, manh, vung chae

D Tung buoc nang cao doi song vat chat va van hoa cho nhan dan

au 71 Mien BSc phai chuySii hu-ong xay dyng va phat trien kinh te cho phu i?p vol dieu kien thoi chien bat dau tir luc nao?

A 5-8-1964 B, 7-1-1965 C 7-2-1965 D 7-3-1965

fi« 72 Am muu tham doc nhat cua "Chien tranh dac biet" la gi?

A Dung nguai Viet danh nguai Viet

B Sir dung phuong tien chien tranh va "co van" MT

C Tien hanh don dan, lap "ap chien luge"

D Pha hoai each mang mien Bac

163

C a u 73 Noi dung nao sau day nkm trong cong thu-c cua "Chien luffc chien

tranh dac biet"?

A Dirge tidn hanh quan doi tay sai, do "c6 van" MT chi huy, dira vac vu khi,

trang bj kTthuat, pliiro-ng tien chien tranh cua MT

B Tien hanh heat dong pha hoaitnien Bdc, phong toa bien g i o i

C Dua quan c h u hku cua MT vac mien Nam Viet N a m

D Thirc hien D o n g D u a n g hoa chien tranh

C a u 74 Y e u to nao du-oc xem la "xuang song" cua chien Ivtac "Chien tranh

dac biet"?

A N g u y quan B Nguy quyen

C "Ap chidh lu-gc" '• D Do thj (hau cii')

C a u 75 MT nguy xay dyng he thong "Ap chien lirac" nhkm muc dich gi?

A Tach each mang ra khoi dan, nhSm c6 lap each mang

B Ho t r g chuang trinh "binh djnh" mikn Nam cua MT - Nguy

C K i m kep, kiem scat dan, nkm chat dan

D A , B va C diing

C a u 76 C h i e n thuat du-o-c sfr dung trong "Chien tranh dac biet" la gi?

A G e m dan, lap "ap chidn luge"

B "True thang van", "thiSt xa vail"

C Can quet tieu diet luc lugng each mang

D " B i n h d i n h " toan bg M\kn Nam

C a u 77 M u c tieu co- ban cua chien luffc "Chien tranh dac biet" la gi?

A " B i n h djnh" Mikn Nam trong 8 thang

B " B i n h djnh" MiSn Nam trong 18 thang

C " B i n h djnh" M i e n N a m c6 trong diem

D " B i n h djnh" tren toan Mien N a m

C a u 78 So luong ap chien luffc ma M I - Nguy da xay dyng cf mien Nam nam

1963 la bao nhieu va den nam 1965 con lai bao nhieu?

A 1963: 7:500 den 1965 con: 3.250 B 1963: 7.512 den 1965 con: 2.000

C 1963: 7 5 0 0 ^ n 1965 con: 2.200 D 1963: 7.515 d i n 1965 con: 3.300

C a u 79 Nguyen nhan co" ban nhat dua den cuoc dao chinh cua Dwang V a n

M i n h lat do chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem?

A Do ngi bg chinh quyen Nguy mau t h u l n

B Do MT giat day cho tuong ITnh Duong Van M i n h

C Do chinh quyen N g o Dinh Diem suy yeu

D Do phong trao 6k\h thang Igi vang dgi cua nhan dan mien N a m tren lal

ca cac mat tran

^jiP^u^O Hay noi thoi gian & cot A phii hop voi su kien & cot B

D Mien Bic hoan thanh cai each rugng dk, khoi phyc kinh te

E "Phong trao hoa binh" a mien N a m

F Dai hoi Dang toan quoc l§n thu I I I

G M i e n Bac cai t a o X H C N

H Phap rut khoi Ha N g i

I Chien thang A p Bac

K Dong khoi B6n Tre

L Chien thang Binh Gia

C Chien t h i n g Ap Bac - M T Tho

D Hai van Tang ni PhSt t u Hue bieu tinh

E Hoa thugng J h i c h Quang Due t u thieu

G 70 van quan chiirig Sai Gon b i l u tinh

H N g o D i n h Diem bj lat do

I C h i l n thang Binh GTa (Ba Ria)

1 Chien lirffc "chlen tranh cue bo" cua Mi a mien Nam

- DSu 1965, truac su pha san eua chien luge "chien tranh dae biet", MT dg

ehuyen sang th^rc hi^n "chien tranh eye bp" a mien Nam va ma rgng chien tranh

pha hoai mien Bac

- Chien luge "chien tranh cue bg" la hinh thuc chien tranh thuc dan mai dugc

tien hanh bang quan vien chinh MT, quan chu hau va quan nguy tay sai Trong do

quan MT giiJ vai tro quan trgng va khong ngung tang len ve so lugng, trang bj chien

tranh nham chong lai each mang mien Nam

- Dk tien hanh "chien tranh cue bg", tir thang 3/1965 MT da ao at dua quan vien

chinh vao mien Nam luc dau la 20 van roi sau tang len 40 van, luc cao nhat len 58

van cung vai hang chuc van chu hau (Nam Trieu Tien, Thai Lan, JUc, Tan Tay Lan,

Philippin) Chung thuc hien am muu quoc te hoa cugc chien tranh Vua vao mien

Nam, chung da ra sue xay dung cac can cu quan su lan nhu: Da Ning, Chu Lai,

Cam Ranh, Vung Tau, Tan San Nhat

MT da tien hanh nhiSu cugc hanh quan "tim diet" M a d4u la cugc hanh quan

"Anh sang sao" danh vao vung can cu giai phong a Van Tuang thuoc (Binh Son

-Quang Ngai) va nhieu cugc hanh quan trong hai cugc phan cong chien luge mua

kho nam 1965-.1%6; 1966-1967 nhSm "tim diet" va "binh djnh"

2 Mien Nam chien dau chong "Chien tranh cue bo" cua Mi

Truac am muu mai ciia djch, Dartg ta da phan tich tinh hinh, so sanh luc lugng

phan tich chg manh, cho yeu cua ta va djch, tu do ha quyet tam danh thang chien

luge "chiln tranh cue bp" cua MT Quan dan mien Nam vai y chi quyet chien,

quyet thSng giac MT xam luge, dugc su chi vien, phoi hop chien dau cua quan dan

xmhn Bac, da anh dung chien dSu lien tiSp gianh thang Igi

- M a dau vao 5/1965 mot dai dgi quan giai phong da danh bai mot dai dgi quan

MT tai Nui Thanh (Quang Nam) ChiSn thSng Nui Thanh da chung to kha nang ta

CO the danh thang MT

- Dae biet 18/8/1965, tai Van Tuang (Quang Ngai) bg dgi chu lye cua ta da dyng

dSu vai chu lire ciia MT Vai luc lugng 9.000 ten linh thuy danh bg, c6 hang tram

may bay, xe tang xe bgc thep va nhieu tau chien ciia ham doi 7 MT yem trg, can quet

Van TuoTig Mat khae so lugng va trang bj it han djch nhieu lan, cac luc lugng vu

trang giai phong da chien dau v6 cimg dung cam, muu tri, linh boat

Ket qua: Ta da dift 919 ten djch, ban rai va pha huy 23 may bay, 22 xe tang va

xe bgc thep Dap tan hoan toan cugc can quet qui mo Ion cua djch

Vai chien thang Van Tuang chung to lire lugng vu trang mien Nam hoan toan

du sue m^nh duong dau va danh bai dgi quan v i l n chinh MT Chung to rang each

166

fnang mien Nam hoan toan c6 du kha nang danh thing de quoc MT ve quan sy

trong chien luoc "Chi^n tranh cue bg" von la chi^n luoc ciia MT hy vgng gianh

thang Igi bang sue manh quan su Tu do, khip niem Nam dky len phong trao "tim

IVlT ma danh, tim nguy m a diet"

I; - Ti^p'do quan dan mien Nam dap tan hai cugc phan cong mua kho eua MT:

+ Mua kho 1965-1966: MTda tien hanh 450 cugc hanh quan Ion nho vao hai jiuong chinh do la, dong bang Khu V va niem Dong Nam bg cham tieu di^t quan chu luc va ca quan dau nao khang chien cua ta, gianh lai the chu dgng tren chien truong «>

Quan dan ta da danh bai quan djch tren mgi huang tan cong, ket qua ta da

^Toai khoi vung chien dAu 104.000 ten djch trong do c6 42.000 linh MT va 3.500 linh chu hau

+ Mua kho nam 1966 - 1967: MTtiln hanh 895 cugc hanh quan lan nho ma tieu bieu la cugc hanh quan Gianxon Xiti danh vao mien Dong Nam bg nham tieu diet quan chu luc va ca quan dau nao khang chien cua ta Quan dan ta da d6ng loat

ma cugc phan cong danh tan cac cugc hanh quan "tim diet" va "binh djnh" cua

djch Da loai khoi vong chien dau 151.000 ten djch, trong do c6 68.200 linh MT va

5.540 linh chu liAu

- Phong trao dau tranh chinh trj bang sir noi day ciia quan chung a thanh thj va

nong thon, chong kim kep, triing trj bgn ac on, pha kp chien luge, doi MT cut ve

nuac, doi ty do dan chii c4ng dien ra soi noi, vung giai phong ngay cang dugc md rgng, uy tin cCia Mat tran dan toe giai phong mien Nam Vi^t Nam ngay cang len cao

Cuoc t6ng tien cong va noi day l e t Mau than 1968

B | ! a Hoan canh

Wk - 1968 la nam bau cu tong thong MT, cac phe phai trong ngi bg MT nky sinh mau

^ « S n ma chiing ta c6 the Igi dung dugc

• So sanh tuang quan luc lugng sau hai cugc phan cong chien luge mua kho c6

^ p i cho ta Tinh hinh kinh te - chinh trj - xa hgi ciia MT gap nhidu kho khan, tinh Hian binh linh MT giam sut

B : Lgi dyng tinh hinh tren ta chu dgng ma cugc tong cong kich tong khai nghTa

B i n toan mien Nam, chu y l u danh vao cac do thj

H b Mm tieu cm cuoc tong cong kich, tong khai nghia la tieu di^t mot bg phan

^ B i a n trgng quan vien chinh MT, danh sap ngyy quan nguy quyen, gianh thang Igi

^ f c y e t djnh, bugc MT dam phan va rut quan ve nuac

B c Dien bien: Dem 30/1/1968 <Tet Mau Than) quan dan mien Nam dong loat noi

B ^ y va tan cong vao h$ thong phong ngy ciia djch khap mien Nam Danh vao 64 vj

^ • i , can cu quan su, cac khu hau can, san bay, ben cang Trong do c6 nhirng thanh

W^o Ian nhu Sai Gon, Hue, Da Nang ta lam chu dugc nhieu ngay Dong thai danh

^Bio cac sao huy^t ca quan dau nao cua djch Toa dai su MT, Dinh doe lap, Bg tong Bpam muu nguy, cac bg tu l?nh quan chung, quan doan, chi khu quan sy

W d Ket qua: Trong vong hon mgt tuan l l , quan ta da gianh dugc nhung thang Igi

i t o lan:

1671

+ Loai khoi vong chien dau 147.000 ten djch, 43.000 ten MT, tieu diet gQn 29

tieu doan (c6 9 tieu doan MT) pha 1.500 may bay 4000 xe quan sir, hang loat kho

bom dan, xang dku, buc rut va bi'ic hang tren 700 d6n bot

+ Da buy dpng dugc hang trieu quSn chung xuong du-ong tham gia chien dSu

gianh quyen lam chii, giai phong ban 1000 thon ap va 1,2 trieu dan

e Ynghia: Tuy c6 nhung han che nhung do la thang loi Ion cua ta:

- Giang mot don quyet djnh vao chien luge "chien tranh cue bo" ciia de quoc M l

lam lung lay y chi quyet tam xam luge cua MT, buoc chung phai xuong thang chien

tranh, tuyen bo phi MT hoa chien tranh, cham dirt khong d i ^ kien chien tranh pha

hoai mien Nam, chap nhan ngoi vao dam phan Pari de giai quyet van de cham dirt

chien tranh a Viet Nam

- Thang Igi cua tong tien cong va noi day mua xuan 1968 da ma ra mot birac

ngoat cua cupc khang chien chori-g MT cuu nuoc Day la thang Igi thi'r ba va buoc

nhay vgt thir hai cua each mang mien Nam Noi len sir phat trien nhanh chong,

virng vang cua each mang mien Nam

- De lai nhieu bai hoc kinh nghiem ve chi dao tien hanh tien cong va noi day

I I M I E N B A C C H O N G C H I E N T R A N H P H A H O A I L A N T H l T N H A T C U A

M i , T I E P T U C X A Y D U T V G C H I I N G H I A X A H O I V A L A M N G H I A V I J

H A U P H U O T V G LOfN (1965 - 1968)

1 Ml mo' rong chien tranh pha hoai mien B^c Ian thu- nhat

- Ngay 5/8/1964 dirng nen "Sir kien Vjnh Bac Bg", MT cho may bay nem bom

pha hoai mot so noi a mien Bac va den ngay 7/2/1965 MT chinh thuc gay ra cupc

chien tranh pha hoai bang khong quan va hai quan Ian thu nhat tren toan mien BSc

- Tien hanh chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu nhat a mien Bac, MT thuc hien am

muu: pha tiem lire kinh te, quoc phong, pha cong cupc xay dung chu nghTa xa hpi d

mien B 4 C ; ngan chan nguon chi vien tir ngoai vao mien Bac va tir mien Bac vao

mien Nam; uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay quyet tam ch6ng MT cua nhan dan ta o

hai miSn dSt nuac

- D 6 thuc hien am muu do, MT huy dpng mot lire lirgng khong quan va hai quan,

ca nhirng loai mai nhat nhu B52, Fm, va voi cac loai vu khi hien dai, cho may bay,

tau chiSn bSn pha lien tuc, khSp mgi noi, mpi luc, trong mpi thoi tiet voi cuong dp

ngay cang tang

Khong quan va hai quan MT tap trung danh vao cac myc tieu quan sir, dau moi

giao thong, Nha may, xi nghiep, ham mo, cong trinh thuy Igi, khu dong dan Chiing

danh ca truong hpc, nha tre, benh vien, khu an duang, den chiia, nha tho Bom

dan ciia MT da tan pha bi§t bao cua cai, bao co so kinh te, cong trinh van hoa, giao

dye, y te ma nhan dan da tao nen trong han 10 nam truac do

2 Mien B^c chong chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu- nhat cua MT, vira chien dau

vira san xuat

- Ngay sau khi MT ma rpng chien tranh pha hoai, mien Bac da kjp thai chuyen

mpi boat dpng phii hgp vai hoan canh mai, thuc hi^n quan sir hoa toan dan, dao

dip cong sir chien dau, ham hao phong tranh, to chuc sa tan, phan tan nguai va ciia

khoi nhung vung trpng diem, nhOng noi dong dan de tranh thiet hai

168

- Vai tinh than "Khong c6 gi qui hon dgc lap tir do", quan dan mien Bftc da soi n6i tham gia cac phong trao thi dua yeu nuoc chong MT ciru nirac: lire lupng vQ trang neu cao khAu hieu: "NhSm thSng quan thu ma ban", c()ng nhan neu quyet tam: "Chic tay sting vung tay biia" nong dan "Chac tay sung, virng tay cay" thanh nien "Ba sSn sang" phii nu "Ba dam dang"

- Trong hon 4 nam chong chien tranh pha hoai (5/8/1964 den 1/1 1/1968) quan

dan m\hn Bac da ban roi 3234 may bay, diet va bat song hang ngan giac lai, ban

chay va ban bi thuong 143' tau chien va tau biet kich Ngay 1/11/1968 MT phai ngu'ng nem bom danh pha mien Bac

- Trong khi do, san xuat tiep tuc dirge day manh Trong cong nghiep, nang lire san xuat a mot so nganh dupe giir vung Rieng cong nghiep dja phuong va cong nghiep quoc phong c6 tang len so vai truac chien tranh Trong nong nghiep, dien tich canh tac dupe ma rpng, nang suat lao dpng khong ngiing tang len, ngay cang

CO nhieu hgp tac xa, nhieu dja phuong dat 3 miic tieu

- Tren Mat tran giao thong van tai, mot trong nhung trpng diem bSn pha cua djch, ta dam bao thuong xuyen thong suot Van hoa, khoa hpc ky thuat, van hpc nghe thuat cung dupe phat trien, phuc vu dSc luc cho nhiem vu chinh trj va dai

song nhan dan

- Nha nhiJng no luc phi thuong trong san xuat va chien dau ciia giai cap cong nhan, nong dan tap the, ciia toan dan cung vdi su giiip da to Ion, c6 hi^u qua ciia cac

nuac xa hpi chii nghTa va loai nguai tien bp, nhiJng nhu c4u chien dau tai cho va a

mien Nam ciing vai nhung nhu cau thiet yeu ciia dai song nhan dan dirge dap ling

3 Mien Bac lam nghTa vu hau phu-ong Ion

- Ngay tir khi de quoc MT c6 hanh dpng leo thang ma rpng chien tranh xam luge

ra ca nuac Nghi quylt Trung uong Ian thu 11 (Thang 3/1965) va Ian 12 (12/1965)

da xac djnh ro: Chong MT cuu nuoc la nhiem vu thieng lieng nhat ciia dan tpc ta, mien Bac la hau phuong Ion, con mien Nam la tien tuyen Ion

- Voi vai tro hau phuong Ion, trong nhung nam chong MT, ngay ca trong dieu ki^n chien tranh ac liet, bi chien tranh tan pha nang ne, mien Bac luon huang ye

mien Nam, san sang dap ung mpi yeu cau ciia tien tuyen Ian: "Thoc khong thieu

mot can, quan khong thieu mot nguai" va hai mien rupt thjt, mien BSc thi dua phan dau "moi nguai lam viec bang hai"

- Tuyen duang van chuyen chien luge B A C - Nam mang ten Ho Chi Minh tren

bp (dpc theo phia Tay day Truong San) va tren bien (dpc theo bo bien Vi^t Nam) bat dau dupe khai hoang tu thang 5/1959 ngay cang vuon dai va ma rpng

- Qua hai tuyen duang van chuyen chien luge ay, trong 4 nam (1965-1968) ien BSc da dua vao mien Nam hon 300.000 can bp, bp dpi tham gia chien dau va hue vu chi^n dau, tham gia"xay dung kinh te, van hoa tai cac viing giai phong ung vai hang chuc van tan vu khi dan dupe, quan trang, quan dung, xang dau, lirong thirc, thuc pham thu6c men Tinh chung trong 4 nam, so lugng nguai va vat

chat chuyen vao mien Nam tang gAp 10 l4n so voi thai ky trirac

- Sir chi vi?n to Ian ciia m\kn BSc la mot trong nhifng nhan t6 c6 tinh chat quyet

djnh thang Igi ciia quan va dan Viet Nam trong cugc chidn d^u ch6ng chien luge

"Chien tranh eye bp" ciia MT - Nguy

1691

I I I M I E N NAM C H I E N DAU C H O N G " V I E T NAM HOA" C H I £ N T R A N H ,

PHOI HgfP V 6 l L A O VA C A M P U C H I A CHONG "DONG DUONG HOA

C H I E N T R A N H " CUA MI ( 1969-1973)

1 Chien luoc "Viet Nam hoa" va "D6ng Duong hoa" chien tranh ciia MI

- Dau nam 1969 Nichxon len lam tdng thong va de ra hoc thuy^t Nichxon Ve

chinh tri la "chien luge hoa binh" ve quan su la chien luge "ngan de thuc te" thay

the cho chien luge "phan ung Iinh hoaf da bj that bai

- Ap dung hoc thuyet Nichxon vao Viet Nam va Dong Duong, quan MT da cho

thirc nghiem "Viet Nam hoa" va "Dong Duong hoa" chi^n tranh

- "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh la hinh thuc chien tranh thuc dan moi cua MT

dugc tien hanh bang quan dgi nguy tay sai, c6 sir ho trg dang kk ciia lire lugng

chien dau MT, do c6 van MT chi huy vai trang bj hoa lire cua MT d8 chong lai each

mang va nhan dan mi^n Nam

- Thuc chat cua "Viet Nam hoa" va "Dong Du'ong hoa" chien tranh la nhSm lam

giam bot xuang mau cua MT tren chiln truong, xoa dju du luan ciia nhan dan MT va

nhan dan the gioi, tiep tuc thuc hien chien tranh xam luge

- De thuc hien ke hoach nay, Nich xon dasvach ra mot k6 hoach toan dien

* Ve quan su va chinh tri:

- Rut dan quan MT va quan chu hau, tang quan nguy len 1 trieu, tang cuang

huan luyen va trang bi cho quan ng^iy

- Tang cuang vien trg cho Nguyin Van Thi?u, giup Thi^u cung c6 chinh quyen

- Tim mgi each ngan can cac nguon tiep te miSn BSc vao mi8n Nam, ma rgng

chien tranh sang chien truong Dong Duong, thuc hi^n "Dong Duang hoa" chiln

tranh, gay chia re giua 3 nirac Dong Duong

* Ve kinh te:

- Tang cuofng vien trg kinh te, dua luang thiic,.thuc pham vao mien Nam

- D6n tat ca 14 trieu d6ng bao mien Nam vao vung chung kiem soat thyrc hien

cai ggi la "vien trg" cho dong bao mien Nam

* Ve van hoa:

Dung bao chi, phim anh de tuyen truyen, xuyen tac each mang, lam cho thanh

nien mien Nam quen di noi nhyc mat nuoc, sSn sang di linh cho MT

* Ve ngogi giao:

- Lgi dung mau thuin trong cac nuac xa hoi chu nghTa, dac bi^t^Ja mau thuin

giiJa Lien X6 va Trung Quoc de gay svrc ep v6i ta, c6 lap ta

- " Viet Nam hoa" chidn tranh la mot k^ hoach chien tranh toan di^n nhung ke

hoach nay cung chi la san pham ciia the thua, the that bai nen-jtgay tir d§u no da

chira dung nhieu mau thuIn va mang nhieu mam mong ciia sir that bai

2 Mien Nam dau tranh chong "Vift Nam hoa" chien tranh va "Dong Du'o'ng

hoa" chien tranh cua Mr

- Thua thang trong chien luge chi6n tranh cue bg, Trung uong Dang quyet djnh

tidp tuc chien luge tin cong, kien quyet danh bai chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chi6n

tranh cua MT

170

ThSng Ipi chinh trj: Ma dau la ngay 6/6/1969 chinh phu Cach mang Lam thofj cgng hoa mien Nam Viet Nam dugc thanh lap Vi!ia moi ra doi Cong hoa mien Nam Viet Nam dugc 23 nude cong nhan, trong do c6 21 nuoc dat quan he ngoai giao

- Nam 1969 quan dan mien Nam ma cugc tan cong chien luge tren toan mien Nam, lien tuc danh vao cac vi tri, cac can cu quan su, cac ca quan cac kho tang ciia djch

- Trong 2 ngay 24 va 25/4/1970, dai dien ba nuoc Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia tien hanh Hoi nghj cap cao khdng djnh quyet tarn doan ket chien dau chong MTciia nhan dan ba nuoc

- Cung trong thai gian tren ph6i hop chien dau, quan dan 3 nuoc Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia da dap tan cugc hanh quan xam luge ciia 10 van quan MT Nguy, d4p tan cugc hanh quan lan chiem canji dong Chum - Xieng Khoang (Lao)

- Tu 12 d^n 23/3/1971 quan dan ta c6 su ho trg va phoi hgp chien dau cua quan dan Lao da danh bai cugc hanh quan L^m Son 719 cua 4,5 van quan MT Ngyy tai duang 9 Nam Lao

- Khap cac do thj mien Nam phong trao ciia cac tang lap no ra lien tuc, dac biet t^i cac thanh pho Ian nhu: Hue, Da Nang, Sai Gon, phong trao hoc sinh, sinh vien n6 raram rg, thu hut dong dao cac tang lap nhan dan tham gia: "Xuong duang"

"Daymadi"

- Tai cac vung nong thon, dong bSng, rung nui, ven thj phong trao quan chiing n6i day pha "ap chi§n luge", chdng "binh dinh" cua MT nguy

3 Cuoc tien cong chien liroc 1972

Phat huy thang lgi tren cac mat tran quan su, chinh trj trong hai nam 1970

-1971 quan dan ta da ma cugc tien cong chiSn luge bat dau tu 30/03/1972 Ma dau danh vao Quang Trj, lay Quang Trj lam huang tan cong chu yeu, tu Quang Trj phat triln khap chien truong mien Nam Day la mot cugc ti6n cong vai quy mo Ian va cuang do manh

Sau don bat nga, quan nguy vai sy yem trg ciia hoa luc, khong quan, hai quan

MT, da phan cong lai gay cho ta mot so thi^t hai Luc do MT gay tra lai chien tranh pha hoai miSn BSc trong 12 ngay dem

* Ket qua:

Sau gan 3 thang chien dau (6/1972) quan dan ta da gianh thing lgi to Ian, loai khoi vung chien dau 10 van quan M T - N g u y , giai phong nhieu vung dat dai rgng Ion hon mot trieu dan

t * Y nghTa:

I Cugc ti^n cong chiSn luge 1972 da tao mot buac ngoat cho cugc khang chien [chong MT, da giang mot don manh vao quan nguy (cong cu chii ySu) vao quoc sach

|binh djnh (xuang song) cua chien luge "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" lam cho chien

I luge Vi^t Nam hoa bj that bai._

1 I V M I E N B A G K H A C P H U C H A U Q U A C H I E N T R A N H , C H O N G C H I E N T R A N H

P H A H O A I L A N T H U H A I C U A M I , T I E P T U C X A Y D U N G C H U N G H I A X A H Q I V A

c m V I E N C H O M I E N N A M (1969-1973) - Ji

1 Mien BSc khdc phuc hau qua chien tranh, khoi phuc va phat trien kinh te

' Ngay 1/11/1968, MT cham dut nem bom hoan toan chien tranh pha hoai Ian

thu nhat d6i vai midn Bkc Hoa binh dugc lap lai a mi8n BSc, Dang va Chinh phu

171

ta chu truong khac phuc hau qua chien tranh, khoi phuc va phat trien kinh te, phat

tri^n van hoa cham lo doi song nhan dan, ra sue chi vien cho tien tuyen o mien Nam

- M Q I hoat dong san xuat va do! song tro lai binh thuong Cac ca quan Nha

nuoc va nhan dan roi noi so tan Cac co so san xuat cong nghiep, nong nghiep

nhanh chong dugc phuc hoi Cac cong trinh cong cgng dugc sira chCra va lam mai

Cau cong, duong sat, nhk la cac tuyin duang chien luge, con duang mang ten

"Duong H6 Chi Minh tren bg" hay "Duong Truong Son" va "Duong Ho Chi Minh

tren bi^n" dugc khan truong khoi phuc van hoa, giao due, y t^ duge phuc hoi, 6b\

song nhan dan on dinh

- Kinh te dja phuong va kinh te Trung uong dugc day manh Trong nong nghiep

ta CO mot so chu truong khuyen khich san xuat, chan nuoi Cac hgp tac xa tich evre

ap dyng tien bg khoa hgc ky thuat, ap dung nhieu bien phap ky thuat tham canh

tang vu Nhieu giong li'ia mai dugc dua vag trSng cay tren mot dien tich rgng Nho

do, nhi^u hgp tac xa dat dugc muc tieu 5 tan/1 hec ta Mot so hgp tac xa dat 6 - 7

tan Trong cong nghiep, ta uu tien dau tu xay dung tiep nhung cong trinh dang lam

da de nhanh chong dua vao hoat dong nhu Nha may dien thae Ba Uu tien phat

trien mot so nganh cong nghiep quan trong nhu: dien, than, ca khi, vat lieu, xay

dyng gia tn san lugng cong nghiep nam 1971 tang 142% so vai nam 1968

2 Mien Bac chong chien tranh pha hoai Ian thir hai, vua chien dau, vira san

xuat

- T u ngay 6/4/1972, mot tu&n sau khi quan ta a mihn Nam bat dSu cugc tien

cong chien luge, MTeho khong quan va hai quan danh gia mot so nai thugc khu !V

cu Ngay 16/4/1972, Nichxon tuyen bo chinh thuc cugc chien tranh pha hoai mien

Bic Ian thu hai Den ngay 9/5/1972, Nichxan lai tuyen bo tang cuofng, ma rgng qui

mo danh pha va phong toa cang Hai Phong cung cac cua song, luong lach, vung

bi^n mien Bac

- Cugc chien tranh pha hoai Ian thi'r hai cua Nichxan da vugt xa euoc chien

tranh pha hoai Ian thu nhat eiia Gionxan ea ve qui mo, t6c do va cuang do danh

pha nhat la da sir dung mot each pho bien, tap trung cac loai may bay hien dai nhat,

nhu B52, Fii vai y do cuu van that bai cua chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh

va tao the manh tren ban dam phan a Pari

- Nha chuan bj truoc, quan dan mien Bic da gianh the chu dong, kip thai ch6ng

tra va gianh thang Igi gion gia ngay tir dau

- Kinh te mien Bac mot Ian niJa chuyen hirong, cac hoat dgng san xuat.va xay

dung khong bj ngung tre, giao thong v$n tai dam bao thong su6t, cac hoat dgng

khac eiia dai song xa hoi nhu: van hoa, giao due, y te van dugc duy t r i va phat

trien Nhan dan so tan nhirng dai song van dam bao dk ti6p tuc san \ixkt va chien

dau thang Igi

- Khong dat duge muc tieu mong muon, cuoi nam 1972 MT tang euang han nffa

hoat dgng chien tranh chong pha mien B5c Ngay 14/12/1972, ehfnh quyen Nieh

Xan phe chuan ke hoach ma cugc tap kich bSng may bay chiln luge B52 danh Ha

Noi va Hai Phong, vai muu toan gay eho nhan dan ta nhirng thiet hai \k nguai va

cua d i n muc khong ehju dung noi phai khuat phuc

172

- Cugc tap kich 24 tren 24 gia trong ngay, bSt dau tir 18/12/1972 d i n 29/12/1972

Trong 12 ngay dem MTda rai xiiong Ha Noi, Hai Phong va mot so muc tieu phia Bic

vT tuyen 20 mot khoi lugng bom dan 10 van tan (rieng Ha Noi 4 van tin) vai sue

cong pha bang 5 qua bom nguyen tu nem xuong Nhat Ban nam 1945

- Nha doan dugc am muu eiia djch, tu do c6 su chuan bj tot ve tu tuong va t6

chuc, lue lugng va phuong tien, quan dan ta a mien Bac da danh tra dich nhung

don dich dang tu tran dau va da danh bai hoan toan cugc tap kich chien luge lam nen tran "Dien Bien Phu tren khong"

- Ngay 30/12/1972, Chinh phu MT tuyen bo ngung mgi hoat dgng chdng pha miln Bac tir vT tuyen 20 tra ra, va den ngay 15/1/1973 thi tuyen bo ngung hoan toan cac hoat dgng chong pha mien Bac de ky vol Chinh phii ta Hiep djnh Pari

Ket qua: Quan dan mien Bac da ban rai gkn 740 may bay cac loai, cimg vai

hang tram giae lai bj loai khoi vong chien dau Rieng tran "Dien Bien Phu tren

khong" m i l n Bic bin rai 81 may bay trong do co 34 chile B52 (Ha Noi ban rai 30

chile, trong do eo 23 B52) •

3 Mien Bac chi vien cho mien Nam

- Trong 3 nam (1969-1971), hang chuc van thanh nien m i l n Bic duge ggi nhap

ngu, CO 60% so do len duang bo sung cho eae chien truong a mien Nam va ea Lao,

Campuehia Khoi lugng vat chat dua vao chien truong tang len gap 1,6 Ian so vai 3 nam truoc do

- Mae dau chien tranh pha hoai eiia MT nhung mien bae van chi vien cho ehiln truong mien Nam va ca Lao, Campuehia Khoi lugng vat chat dua vao chien truong mien Nam nam 1972 tang len 1,7 Ian so vai nam 1971 Trong nam 1972, miln Bac

da dgng vien tren 22 van thanh nien, bo sung eho lire lugng vQ trang va dua vao ba nuac Dong Duong nhieu don vj bg dgi dugc huan luyen va trang bi day dii

V D A U T R A N H T R E N M A T T R A N N G O A I G I A O , H I E P D I N H P A R I V E

V I E C C H A M D U T C H I E N T R A N H , L A P L A I H O A B I N H 6 V I E T N A M

1 Hoan canh Ijch sir

- Do lien tiep bj that bai nang ne a ca hai mien nuoe ta, lai muon gianh thang Igi trong cugc tranh cu Tong thong vao dau thang 11/1972, Nichxon dung thu doan liii buae trong thuong lugng vai ta a Pari va xuong thang chien tranh pha hoai Mien Bac

- Dau thang 10/1972, phai doan MTden Pari de noi lai eugedam phan da bj gian doan til' thang 3/1972 Trong cugc tiep xiic rieng vai dai dien MT ngay 8/10/1972 tai Pari, ta dua ra d u thao "Hiep djnh v l cham du1 chiln tranh lap lai hoa binh a Viet Nam" va d l nghj thao luSn d l di din ky k i t Ngay 17/10/1972, van ban Hi$p djnh hoan tat va hai ben thoa thuan ngay ky chinh thuc D I di den ky chinh thuc Hi^p djnh, ngay 22/10/1972, Nichxon tuyen b6 ngung mgi hoat dgng chdng pha niien Bic tu vT tuyin 20 tra ra

H -'^f^hung sau khi da trung eir lai tong thong (08/11/1972), tap doan Nichxan tra|

mat, doi xet lai van ban Hiep djnh da dugc thoa thuan, doi ta nhan nhirgng

- D l ep ta nhan nhugng, ky mot Hiep dinh do MT dua ra, Nichxon am muu gianh mot thang Igi quylt djnh v l quan su, cugc tap kich bang may bay chicn luge

173

B52 vao Ha N g i va ra Hai Phong trong 12 ngay dem cuoi 1972 nhSm muc dich do

N l i u n g CLioc tap ki'ch da bj pha san hoan toan That bai cua MTtren chi6n truong da

quy^t djnh that bai ciia chung tren ban thuong luong

- Sau khi buQC phai cham dul hoan toan cac cugc nem bom ban pha va moi hoat

dong chien tranh ch6ng mien BSc, MT cu- dai dien den Pari de noi lai cuoc dam

phan D u n g tren tit the nguoi chien thing, phai doan ta tai cuoc dam phan kien tri

dau tranh giu' v u n g noi dung ca ban cua dir thao Hiep dinh da dugc thoa thuan

ngay 22/10/1972 Qua nhieu cuoc trao d 6 i den ngay 13/01/1973, ban d u thao Hiep

djnh ve ca ban duoc thoa thuan

- Hiep djnh Pari ve chc4m dut chi^n tranh, lap lai hoa binh o Viet Nam duoc ky

tat ngay 23/01/1973 giua dai dien hai chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa va

Hoa K i , den 27/01/1973 thi duoc ky chinh tlurc giua b6n bo truong dai dien cac

chinh phu tham gia hoi nghi, tai trung tam cac hoi nghj quoc t^ d Pari Hiep djnh

bat dau CO hieu lu'c t u 7 gia sang ngay 28/01/1973

2 Dien bien cua Hoi nghi

Hoi nghj keo dai gkn 5 nam v 6 i 202 phien hop cong khai, 24 cuoc t i l p xi'ic rieng

va phai trai qua hai giai doan

* Giai doan 1: Tit thang 5/1968 din het 1968

Thanh phan cua hoi nghi la hai ben: do la doan dai bieu cua Viet N a m Dan chu

Cong hoa va doan dai bieu Hoa K i

- Lap truang cua chinh phu ta la: MT phai cham d u t hoan toan khong dieu kien

viec nem bom nem pha mien Bac Co nhu vay chung ta moi ban ve van de cham

d u l chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh a Viet N a m

- Ket qua: Qua hon niia nam dSu tranh quyet Met, ta da bupc MT phai ngimg nem

bom ban pha mien Bac

* G/a/^0(7/7 2 - T u thang 01 /1969 den 01 /1973

' Thanh phan: 4 ben

- Doan dai hiku Viet Nam Dan Chu Cong hoa

- Doan dai bieu cua Mat tran dan toe giai pdong M i e n Nam V i ^ t Nam

(06/06/1969 thay the bang doan dai bieu cua Chinh phu Lam thai cong hoa mien

N a m Viet N a m )

- Doan dai bieu cua Hoa K i

- Doan dai b i l u ciia Viet Nam Cong hoa (Nguy)

+ N p i dung cua hoi nghj: Ta da doi MT phai rut quan, phai d l cho nhan dan

V i ? t Nam t u quyet dinh ISy tuo'ng lai chinh trj cua ho

+ De lam hau thuan cho hoi nghj, quan va dan ca nuac da day manh dau

tranh danh djch tren tat ca cac chien trudng

+ Qua 4 nam dau tranh v a i dich a trong va ngoai hoi nghj, ta da buQC MT

-Nguy phai ky vao cac van ban cua hoi nghj vao 27/01/1973

3 Noi dung cua H i e p d i n h

Hoa K i va cac nuoc tham dir hoi nghj cam k^t ton trong doc lap chii quyen,

thong nhat va toan v^n lanh th6 cua Viet Nam

174

- MT phai rut het quan MT va quan chu hau cua MT ra khoi mien Nam trong vong hai thang, ke t u ngay ky Hiep dinh, duoi sir quan sat ciia quan doi nhan dan Viet Nam-

- MT cam ket khong duoc dinh liu ve quan sir, khong can thiep vao cong viec

npi bo cua miSn N a m Viet Nam, de cho nhan dart mikn N a m t u quyet djnh tuong

lai cua hp

- Hai ben trao tra tu binh va dan thuong bi bat trong chien tranh

- MT phai c6 trach nhiem tham gia dong gop vao viec han gan vet thuong chien tranh a hai mien N a m - B k Viet Nam va tren toan Dong D u o n g

- MT CO trach nhiem vot hk bom, min, thuy loi do MT tha xuong phong toa cac

cu'a song, cira bi^n a mien Bac Viet Nam

- Cac ben cong nhan thuc t^ mi^n Nam c6 hai chinh quyen, hai quan doi va hai lyc lugng chinh t r j

V a i nhung noi dung tren ta da dat diroc hai dieu kien ca ban: T h u nhat la MT rut quan; hai la quyen t u quyfit cua nhan dan mien Nam duoc ton trong

4 Y nghia

- Day la t h i n g Igi Ion cua ta Lan d i u tien sau 115 nam (1858) dat nuac ta sach bong quan xam luge Tinh hinh do da tao nen mot su thay doi Ion ve tuong quan

luc lugng giua ta va djch MT rut vk nuac, trong khi quan doi ta van a lai Mien

Nam, nguy tra nen bj c6 lap Vien t r g cua MT cho nguy ngay cang bj cat giam

- M i e n B i c c6 dieu kien thuan Igi de tang cuong chi vien ngay cang Ion cho

mien N a m , tao 6\ku kien va thai ca thuan Igi d l mien N a m t i l n ien gianh t h i n g Igi

C La loai hinh chien tranii thuc dan moi nham chong lai each mang mien Nam

D Tat ca cac dilm tren

Cau 4 Cuoc hanh quan mang ten "Anh sang sao" nhSm thi diem cho "Chien

tranh cue bo" cua Mi dien ra a dau?

A.NiilThanh., B Chu Lai C Van Tuang D Ba Gia

Cau 5 Tran do sire giua bo doi chu lye ciia ta va quan vien chinh MT 6' Van

Tu-o-ng (Quang Ngai) diin ra vao thtri gian nao?

A Ngay 16 - 8 - 1965 B Ngay 18 - 8 - 1965

C Ngay 18 - 6 - 1965 D Ngay 16 - 5 - 1965

Cau 6 Chien thang Van Tuwug (Quang Ngai) vao ngay 18 - 8 - 1968, chu-ng to

dieu gi?

A Lire luong vu trang each mang mien Nam du sue duong dau va danh bai

quan vien chinh MT

B Luc luong vu trang mien Nam da tru-ong thanh nhanh chong

C Quan vien chinh MT da mat i<ha nang chiSn ddu

D Cach mang mien Nam da gianh thang loi trong viee danh bai "Chien tranh

cue bo" cua MT

Cau 7 Cuoc phan cong chien lu-ffc mua kho (1965-1966) cua MT keo dai trong

bao lau, vm bao nhieu cuoc hanh quan Ion nho?

A 5 thang, vai 540 cuoc hanh quan B 6 thang, voi 450 cuoc hanh quan

C 7 thang, voi 550 cuoc hanh quan D 4 thang, vai 450 cuoc hanh quan

Cau 8 Trong cuoc phan cong chign luwc mua kho (1965-1966) cua MT da bj

quan dan mien Nam loai khoi vong chien dau bao nhieu ten djch?

A 68.000 ten djch B 67.000 ten djch

C 86.000 ten djch D 76.000 ten djch

Can 9 Trong chien luoc miia klio Ian thir hai MI da md' cac cuoc hanh quan then

chot danh vao mien Dong Nam Bo Hay cho biet cuoc hanh quan nao Ion nhat?

A At-ton-bo-ra B Xe-dan-phon

C Gian-Xon- xi-ti D Tat ca cac cugc hanh quan tren

Cau 10 Trong mua kho Ian bai (1966-1967), quan dan ta da loai khoi vong

chien dau bao nhieu ten djch?

A MO.OOOten B 150.000 ten C.I60.000ten D 175.000 ten

Cau 11 Vi sao vao Xuan 1968, ta chii truong mo' cuoc "t6ng cong kich, t6ng

khoi nghia" tren toan mien Nam?

A Tinh hinh kinh tk, tai chinh cua MT dang khung hoang tram trong

B Djch bj that bai nang ne trong hai cuoc phan cong chien luge mua kho

C Tinh than y chi xam kroc cua MT giam si'it, mau thuan trong noi bo MT trong

nam bau cu tong thong

D Tatca cac li do tren

Cau 13 Trong dot I cua cuoc tong cong kich, tong khoi nghla Tet Mau Than

1968, ta da loai khoi vong chien dau bao nhieu ten djch?

A 175.000 ten dich - B, 150.000 ten djch

B Do tu tuong nong voi, muon gianh thang loi Jon, ket thiic nhanh chien tranh

C Chi d^o khong chii dong, kip thai dieu chinh ke hoach riit kh6i thanh-pho sau

d g t l , D Luc lirong ciia djch con doilg, ca sa a thanh thi con manh

Cau 15 Cuoc tong tien c6ng,ktfch va tdng noi day Tet Mau Than 1968 la thSng loi va la bu-oc nhay vot thii-may cfla each mang mien Nam?

« A Thang loi thu ba va la bu'ac nhay vot thu hai ' •

B Thang loi thii' ba va la buoc nhay yot thir nhat

C Thang Igi thir tu va la biro'c nhay vot thu hai

D Thang Igi thir nam va la buae nhay vot thu hai

Cau 16 Y nghIa Iffn nhat cua cuoc tfing c6ng kich, tong noi day Tet Mau Than

1968 la gi?

A Da lam lung lay y chi xam lirgc ciia quan vien chinh MT, btipc chiing phai tuyen bo phi MT hoa chien tranh xam luge

B Bugc MT phai chSm diit khong dieu kien chien tranh pha hoai^ mien Bac

C MT phai d i n Hoi nghj Pa-ri d§ dam phan voi ta

w D Day la don danh bat nga, lam cho MT khong dam dira quan MT va quan chu

| : hau vao mien Nam ^

-Cau 17 MT chinh thirc gay chien tranh pha hoai mien B5c Ian thu nhat vao thoi gian flao?

A N g a y 5 - 8 -1964 - , " B Ngay 7 - 2 - 1965

C.Ngay 8 - 5 - 1965 D Ngay 2 - 7 - 1965

Cau 18 Am muu nao duoi day khong nSm trong am mu-u chien tranh pha hoai mien BSc Ian thu- nhat ciia MT?

A Pha tiem lire kinh te, pha cong cuoc xey dungchii nghTa xa hoi a mien Bac

B CiJ-u nguy cho chien luge "Chien tranh cue bg" a mien Nam

177

C Ngan chan nguon clii vi§n tir ben ngoai vap mien Bac va tir mi^n Bac vao

mien Nam

D Uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay quyet tarn chong MT cua nhan dan ta a hai

mien dat niroc

CSu 19 Cuoc chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac Ian thi^ nhat cua MT keo dai

tronp^thoi gian nao?

A:'Tir5 8 1964 den 1 11 1968 B Tir 7 2 1965 den 112 1968

-C T i r 8 - 5 - 1964 den 1 - 11 - 1968 D Tir2 - 7 - 1964 den 11 - 1 - 1968

Cau 20 Trong cuoc chien tranh pha hoai ian thir nhat cua MI, mien BSc da

ban rol bao nhieu may bay MI?

A 2.343 may bay B 3.234 may bay

C 2.334 may bay D 3.243 may bay

Cau 21 Cac khdu hieu trong phong trao thi dua yeu nu-oc, chong MI cifu nu-ffc

cua luc luo-ng vu trang, cua giai cap cong nhan, cua nong dan tap the:

A Ciia lire lugng vu trang

B Cua cong nhan

C Cua nong dan

Cau 22 Vi sao MI buoc phai tuyen bo ngirng han nem bom, ban pha mien B^c?

A Bj that bai trong "Chi^n tranh c\\c bo" a mien Nam

B Bj thiet.hai nang nk trong chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac

C Bj nhan dan MT va nhan dan the gioi len an,

D Bj thiet hai nang ne a ca hai mien Nam - Bac cuoi nam 1968

Cau 23 ThSng loi cua quan dan mien Uic trong cuoc chien dau chong chien

tranh pha hoai Ian thir nhat cua MI da the hien dieu gi?

A Khang djnh quyet tarn chong MT cuu nuoc cua nhan dan ta

B Gop phan lam king lay y chi xam luge cua MT

C Buoc MT phai riit quan ve nuoc ~

D Cau a va b dung

Cau 24 Dien vao cho trong cau sau day: "Nguon lire chi vien cung vol thang

loi cua quan dan mien Bac trong nhCrng nam 1965 - 1968 da gop phan quyef

djnh vao thSng loi ciia quan dan mien Nam troftg cuoc chien dau chong chien

tranh cua MI-Nguy

A Chien tranh dan phuang B Chien tranh dac biet

C Chien tranh cue bo D Viet Nam hoa chi6n tranh

Cau 25 Chien lu-ffc toan cau ma Nichxon de ra dau 1969 la gi?

' A "Ben mieng ho chien tranh" B "Phan ung linh boat"

C "Hoc thuyet Nichxon" D "Ngan de thirc te"

Cau 26 Diem khac nhau gifra "Chien tranh dac biet" va "Viet Nam hoa'

chien tranh la gi?

A Hinh thirc chi6n tranh thirc dan mai cua MT

178

6 Co sy ph6i hgp ciia mgt bg phan dang ke lire lugng chidn dau MT

C Duoi sir chi huy cua mot he thong c6 van quan su MT

D Cau A va B dung

Cau 27 D I quan nguy c6 tM tir dirng virng, ty ganh vac lay chien tranh, MI

da lam gi?

A Tang vien trg kinh te, giup quan nguy day manh chinh sach "binh djnh"

B Tang dau tu v6n, kT thuat phat trien kinh te d mi6n Nam

I C Tang vien trg quan sir, giiip quan dgi tay sai tang so lugng va trang bj hien dai

I D Mo rgng chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac, tang cuong va mo rgng chien tranh

sang Lao va Cam-pu-chia

Cau 28 Ngay 6-6-1969 g^n voi sy kiln Ijch sir nao cua dan toe ta?

A Mat tran dan tgc giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam den Hgi nghj Pa-ri

B Hgi nghj cap cao ba nuoc Dong Duong

• C MT ma rgng tan cong pha hoai mien Bac Ian thir hai

D Chi'nh phii lam thai Cong hoa mien Nam Viet Nam ra dai

Cau 29 Dau nam 1969, Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh da dong vien tinh than chien dau ciia quan dan ta nhir the nao?

A "He con mot thang MTthi ta phai chien dau quet sach no di"

B " V i dgc'lap tu do, danh cho MT cut, danh cho nguy nhao"

C "Nam mai thang Igi mai"

D "Ti8n len! toan thing at ve ta"

Cau 30 Hay dien thoi gian vao cac sy kien sau cho phu ho'p:

canh dong Churn, Xieng Khoang (Lao)

B Hoi nghi cap cao ba nuac Dong Duong

C Dap tan cuoc hanh quan Lam Son

719, tai duang 9 Nam Lao

Cau 31 Th^ng loi ciia quan dan ta phoi ho-p vo^i quan dan Lao trong vile danh bai cuoc hanh quan Lam Son 719 tai duo-ng 9 Nam Lao da:

A Loai khoi vong chien d4u 22.000 ten MT- nguy, quet sach quan MT - ngiiy

con lai a duang 9 Nam Lao, giu' hanh lang chien luge cua each mang a Dong

Duang

B Lam thSt bai hoan toan chien luge "Dong DuoTig hoa" chi6n tranh cua MT - nguy

C Loai khoi vong cbien dau 45.000 ten MT-nguy, giu vCrng hanh lang chign luge each mang a Dong Duang

D Cau B va C dung

179

Cau 32 Phong triao dau tranh chinh tri trong thoi ki chong chien lu-ffc "Viet

Nam hoa" chien tranh cua MT o" mien Nam dien ra khSp Sai Gon, Hu^, Da

Ning , trong do vai tro quan trong nhat thuoc ve giai cap nao?

A; Cong nlian, nong dan B Dan nglieo thanh thi

C Tuoi tre,1ioc'sinh, sinh vien D Cac to chuc Phat tu'

Cau 33 Den dau 1971, each mang da gianh* dutfc quyen lam chii them bao

nhieu ap chien luoc? Voi bao nhieu dan?

A 3^:000 ap vpi 6 trieu dan 3,600 ap voi 3 trieii dan

C 6.300 ap vai,4 trieu dan D 3.400 ap vai 3 trieu dan

Cau 34 M6' dau cuoc tong tien cong chien lu-oc 1972, quan ta tan cong vao:

A Tay Nguyen B Dong Nam Bo

C Nam Trung Bo D Quang Trj

Cau 35 Cuoc tien cong chien \\rac 1972, dien ra trong thoi gian nao?

A Tu 3-1972 den cu6i 5-1972 B Tu 3-1972 dSn cuoi 6-1972

C.Tir 5-1972 den cuoi 6-1972 D Tir 4-1972 den cuoi 6-1972

Caa 36 Y nghla nao du-oi day khong nam trong thang loi cua cuoc tong tien

cong chien lirtfc 1972?

A Ma ra mot buoc ngoat clio cuoc khang chien chong iVIT

B Giang mot dbn manh me vaq quan nguy va quoc sach "-binh dinh"cua "Viet

Nam hoa" chien tranh

C Buoc MT ngiing ngay cuoc nem bom danh pha mien Bac 12 ngay dem

D Buoc MT tuyen bo "MT hoa" tra lai chi^n tranh xam luge, thii'a nhan su that

bai cua chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh

Cau 37 Nichxo'n da tuyen bo chinh thirc cuoc chi^n tranh pha hoai mien Bac

Ian thir hai vao thoi gian nao?

A 6-4-1972 B 30-3-1972 €.9-5-1972 0.16-4-1972

Cau 38 Tap doan Nichxon thyc hien C U Q C chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac Ian

thir hai \ori y do gi?

A Cuu nguy cho chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh va tao the manh tren

ban dam phan a Pari

B Ngan chan sy chi vi$n cua mien Bac doi voi mien Nam ;

C Lam lung lay y chi quyet tam chongMT cuu nuoc ciia nhan dan ta

D Phong toa cang Hai Phong va cac song, luong lach, vung bien mien Bao

Cau 39 Quan dan ta da bin roi 651 may bay, bin chay va bj thuong 80 tau

chien MT, bat song hang tram ten giac lai Do la ket qua cua sy kiln Ijch su- nao?

A Danh bai cuoc chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu nliat cua MT a mien Bac

B Danh bai cuoc chien tranh pha hoai Ian thu hai cua MT a mien B5c

C Danh bai cuoc tap kich chien luge 12 ngay dem ciia MT ra mi^n BSc

D Danh bai hai Ian chien tranh pha hoai ciia MT a mien Bac

189

Cau 40 Cuoc tap kich biing khong quan chien lirqfc cua MT trong 12 ngay dem

ciia Ml o- mien BSc dien ra vao thoj gian nao?

A Tu-12-8-1972 ddn 29-12-1972 B Tu 18-12-1972 d6n 20-12-1972 •

C Til-20-12-1972 dea 20-12-1972 D Tu 18-12-1972 den 29-12-1972

CSu 41 Dien sy kif n vao cac moc thai gian sau: ^

A 14 12 1972 :

-B 3 0 - 1 2 - 1972 ; ,

C 15 - 1 - 1 9 7 3

Cau 42 Vi sao Mi chap nhanthu-ong luong voi Viet Nam p'Hoi nghj Pari?

A Bj that bai trong chien tranh pha hoai mi^n Bac Ian thu nhat

B Bi danh bat nga trong cuoc tap kich chi^n luge cua ta vao Tk Mau Than 196S

C Bj that bai trong cuoc chien tranh pha hoai Ian thir hai

D Bj thua dau trong cuoc tgp kich chi^n luge 12 ngay dem danh phd mien B§c

Cau 43 Cuoc thu-o-ng lu-ong chinh thirc hai ben giCra dai dien Chinh phii Viet Nain dan chii Cong hoa va dai dien chinh phii Hoa K i 6' Pari dien ra vao thoi gian nao?

' A 3 1 - 3 -1968 B 1 5 - 5 ^ 9 6 8 C 13 -3 -1968 D 15 - 3-^1968

Cau 44, Cuoc dam phan giira Chinh phu ta voi chinh phu Hoa K i bi gian doan trong thoi gian nao?

A Tir 3 den 9 - 1972' BrTir 3 den I I - 1972,

C Cau A va B dung D Kholig he bj gian doan

Cau 45 De di den dy thao Hiep djnh Pa-ri ve Viet Nam (10-1972), Hoi nghi

b6n ben a Pa-ri da trai qua bao nhieu phien hop chung va bao nhieu cuoc tiep

xiic rieng?

A 120 cuoc hgp chung va 20 cugcTiep xuc rieng '

-B 202 cuoc hgp chung va 24 cuoc tiep xuc rieng

t C 150 cuoc hgp chung va 15 cuoc tiep xuc rieng

D 180 cuge hgp chung va 26 cuoc tiep xiic rieng

Cau 46 Sap xep lai cac sy kien sau day theo thir ty thoi gian:

A Hoi nghi bon ben chinh thirc hgp phien dau tien tai Pa-ri

B Nichxon tuyen bo ngirng mgi hoat.dgng chong pha mien Bac tir vT tuyen 20

E Tap doan Nieh xan tra mat, doi xet lai van ban Hiep djnh da dugc thoa thuan

G Hiep djnh Pari dugc ki chinh thuc

H Hiep djnh Pari dugc ki tat giCra dai dien hai chinh phu Viet Nam dan chii Cong

I h o a v a H o a K i

f I Hiep djnh Pari eo hieu lire thi hanh

.ML

C a u 47 Ha y xac djnh noi dung CO" ban cua Hiep djnh P a r i :

A Hoa K i va cac nuac cam ket ton trong doc lap, chu quyen, thSng nhat va toan

ven lanh tho ciia Viet Nam

B Hoa K i rut liet quan vien chinh va quan chu hau ve nuac

C Cac ben de cho nhan dan mien Nam Viet Nam t u quy8t djnh tuong iai chinh

.frj cua ho thong qua cuoc tong tuyen c u t u do

D Cac ben ngung ban tai cho trao tra cho nhau tii binh va dan thuong bi bat

C a u 48 Hay dien vac cho trong cau sau day cho dung:

"Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam la kit qua ciia cuoc ctdu tranh kien cw&ng, hat

khuat ciia "

A Quan dan mien Bac danh bai chien tranh pha hoai Ian t h u hai cua MT

B Quan dan mien Nam danh bai chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh cua MT

C Quan dan ta tren ca hai mien dat nuac

D Quan dan mien Nam trong cuoc tien cong chien kro'c 1972

C a u 49 T h a n g loi quan trong cua Hiep djnh P a r i doi voi s y nghicp khang

chien chong MT ciiu nude n h u the nao?

A Danh cho " M T c u t " "nguy nhao"

B Pha san hoan toan chiSn luoc " V i e t Nam hoa" chidn tranh cua MT

C Tao thai ca thuan igi de nhan dan ta t,ien len danh cho "nguy nhao"

C a u 50 Thcri diem nao lyc iuffng MT va quan Dong minh 6' mien Nam tang

ho'n 1 trieu quan?

A 1966 B 1967 C 1968 D 1969

C a u 51 C h i e n iuoc "Chien tranh cue bo", du-crc sir dung theo cong thirc nao?

A Cuoc c h i l n tranh xam krgc thirc dan m o i , tien hanh bang quan Nguy la chii

yeu + via k h i + trang thiet bi hien dai cua MT

B Cuoc chJen tranh xam krgc thuc dan m o i , tien hanh bang quan MT la chii yeu

+ quan Nguy + vu khi + trang thiet bj hien dai cua MT

C Cuoc chien tranh xam luge thuc dan m o i , tien hanh b5ng luc lirgng quan doi

MT + quan Dong minh + quan Nguy + trang thiet bj hien dai cua MT

D Cuoc chien tranh xam luge thirc dan m o i , tien hanh bang luc lugng quan doi

MT + quan D o n g minh + trang thi^t bj hien dai cua MT

C a u 52 C h i e n lu-ffc "Chien tranh cue bo" c6 d i l m gi khac cff ban so voi

"Chien tranh dac biet"?

A Lire lugng quan doi Nguy giir vai tro quan trgng

B Luc lugng quan doi MT g i u vai tro quan trgng nhat

C Sir d u n g trang thiet bj, vij khi cua MT

D Lire lugng quan doi MT + quan Dong minh g i u vai tro quyet djnh

C a u 53 Diem nao trong cac diem sau day la diem khac nhau gifra "Chien tranh cue bo" va "Chien tranh dac biet"?

A Sir dung luc lugng quan vien chinh MT quan Dong minh va tien hanh dn'ikn

tranh pha hoai mien Bac

B Sir dung c6 van M l , vu khi va phiro'ng tien chien tranh cua MT

C La loai hinhphien tranh thuc dan moi nham chong Iai each mang mien Nam

D A va B la diem khac nhau

Cau 54 T r a n do sue giua bo doi chu lyc ta va quan vien chinh MT 6' V a n

T u o n g (Quang Ngai) dien ra vao thoi gian nao?

A 16 - 8 -1965 B 18 - 8 -1965 C 1 8 - 6 -1965 0 1 6 - 5 -1965

C a u 55 Mo' dau cao trao " T i m MT ma danh, tim Nguy ma diet" tren khap chi£n truong mien Nam la y nghTa ciia chien thang nao?

A A p B k B M i i a k h o 1965 - 1966

C Van T u a n g D Mua kho 1966 -1967

C a u 56 C u o c hanh quan nao cua quan doi vien chinh MT nham muc dich tim kiem mot thang loi quan s y de gay thanh the cho linh thuy danh bo-MT?

A Cuoc hanh quan cua MTtan cong Van T u o n g - Quang Ngai (18.8.1965)

B Cuoc phan cong mua khc 1965 - 1966

C Cuoc phan cong mua kho 1966 - 1967

D Ciigc hanh quan Gianxon X i t y danh vao can cu Duong M i n h Chau (Bac Tay

N i n h )

Cau 57 Y nghTa quan trong nhat ciia chien thSng V a n Tuong (Quang Ngai) la gi?

A Chien thang Van T u o n g dugc coi nhu la " A p Bac" doi voi quan MT

B Co vu quan dan ca nuac quyet tam danh thang MT

C Khang djnh kha nang c6 th^ danh thSng MT da tra thanh hien thuc

D Nang cao uy t i n cua Mat tran dan tgc giai phong mien N a m V i e t N a m

C a u 58 T r o n g cuoc phan cong chien luoc mua kho (1965 - 1966) ciia MT nham vao huong chinh nao?

A Mien Dong N a m Bg

B Dong bang khu V va mien Dong N a m Bg

C D6ng bang khu V va mien Tay Nam Bg

D Mien Dong Nam Bg va mien Tay Nam Bg

au 59 T r e n toan mien Nam, quan ta da loai khoi vong chien dau 104.000

dich, trong do c6 42.000 quan MT, 3.500 quan Dong minh, bkn roi 1.430 may

bay Do la ket qua cua chien thang nao?

A A p BSC B Van Tuang

C Mua kho 1965 -1966 D Mua kho 1966 - 1967

, au 60 T r o n g mua kho thu hai (1966 - 1967) MT da mff cac cuoc hanh quan vao mien Dong Nam Bo Cuoc hanh quan nao Ian nhat?

A At-ton-bo-ro B Xe-dan-phon

C Gianxon X i t y D Xe-dan-phon va Gianxan X i t y

183

CSu 61 Nguyen nhan chu yeu ta mo' cuoc Tong tien cong va n6i day Tet Mau

Than (1968)?

A So sanh lire luoiig tbay d6i c6 Igi cho ta sau hai mua kho

B Tinh hinh kinh t6 chinli tn, xa hoi MT gap nhieu kho khan

C Phong trao pfean doi chien tranh x^m iiigp ciia nhan dan th^ giai len cao

D Tinh than chien dau cua binh h'nh MT giam si'it

Cau 62 Dau la yeu t6 bat ngo nhat cua cuoc tiin cong va n6i day trong Tet

Mau Than (1968)?

A Ma d i u cuoc tien cong vao dem giao thiia, d6ng loat a 37 tinh, 5 thanh pho

B Tien cong vao cac vj tri dau nao cua dich d Sai Gon

C Tieti cong vao Bo Tong tham muu quan doi Sai Gon

D Tien cong vao san bay Tan Son Nhat

Cau 63 Chien thSng nao cua quan dan mien Nam trong giai doan 1965 - 1968,

tac dong manh nhat den nhan dan Mi?

-A Tran Van Tuang (18-8-1965)

B Chien thSng mua kiio (1965 - 1966)

C Chian thang mua kho (1966 - 1967)

D T6ng tien cong Tet Mau Than (1968)

Cau 64 Am mu-u co ban nhat cua yiec Mi tien hanh chien tranh pha hoai

mien B5c?"

A "Tra diSa" viec quan giai phong mien Nam tien cong doanh trai MT a Playcu

B Pha hoai hau phuong Ion cua mien >lam"(pha hoai tiem luc kinh te, qu6c

phong, cong cuoc xay d m g CNXH d mien BSc)

C Ngan chan nguon chi vien tir ben ngoai vao mien BSc?

D Uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay y chi chong MT cua nhan dan ta

Cau 65 Toi ac tan bao nhat cua de qu6c MI trong viec danh pha mien BSc

nu-o-c ta?

A Nem bom vao cac muc tieu quan sir

B Nem bom vao cac dau moi giao thong (cau cong, dudng sa)

C Nem bom vao cac nha may, xi nghiep, hhm mo, cac cong trinh thuy loi

D Nem bom vao khu dong dan, trudng hoc, nha tre, benh vien, khu an dir&ng

Cau 66 Am mu-u nao du-oi day kbong nam trong am mu-u tien hanh chien

tranh pha hoai mien B5c Ian thir nhat cua Mi?

A Pha tiem lire kinh t6, pha cong cupc xay dirng CNXH a mi6n Bkc

B Cuu nguy cho chien luoc "Chien tranh cue bo" a mien Nam

C Ngan chan nguon chi vien tu ben ngoai vao mien Bic va tu mien BSc vao

mien Nam

D Uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay quyet tam-chong MT cua nhan dan hai mien

Nam - Bac

184

Cau 67 Nhiem vu co ban cua mien Bac trong thoi ki 1965 - 1968?

kA Ch6ng chiSn tranh pha hoai ciia qu6c MT B Dam bao giao thong van tai thudng xuyen thong suot, phuc vu chien dau, san

I xuat va doi s6ng

h Vira chi^n dau, vua san \uk va thuc hien niiiem vu hau phuong.Ion

b Ho tro-cho cuoc chien dSu cua nhan dan mien Nam

Cau 68 Tho-i diSm nao Gionxon-tuyen bo ngp-ng han chien tranh pha hoai oiiSnBac?

A 1-9-1968 B 1-10-1968 C 1-11-1968 D 1-12-1968

Cau 69 Tinh than chien dau cua quan dan mien BSc chong chien tranh pha

hoai \hn thu nhat cua de qu6c MT du-ffc the hien quakhau hieu nao?

A Khong CO gi quy hon doc lap tir do

B Nham thang quan thu ma ban

C Thoc khong thieu mot can, quan khong thieu mot ngirdi

D TRanh nien "ba sEn sang", phu nir "ba dam dang" ~

Cau 70 Cau noi "Khong co gi quy hon doc lap ty do" du-oc Bac Ho noi trong thoi gian nao?

A Loi nghi Chinh tri dat biet (3 - 1964)

B Van kien Hoi nghj TW Dang Ian thu 12 (12 - 1965)

' C Lai keu goi khang chien chong MT (17 - 7 - 1966).^

• D Ki hop thu hai Quoc hoi khoa III (4 - 1965)

CSu 71 KhSu hieu "NhSm thSng quan thu ma bSn" la cua ai?

A Nguyin Van Troi B Nguyin Viet Xuan

C Tu ve mothan QuangNinh D 12 co gai Dong Loc

Cau 72 Thu-c hien nghIa vu hau phu-o-ng Ion doi vol tien tuyen, mien Bic san

sang voi tinh than gi?

A Taica vi tien tuyen

B Tkt ca de chien thang

C Moi ngirai lam viec bang hai

D Thoc khong thieu mot can, quan khong thieu mot nguai ^

au 73 Y nghia Ion nhat ciia viec mien B5c danh bai chien tranh pha hoai Ian thii-nhat cua de quoc Ml la gi?

I A Jhk hien quylt tam danh thang giac MT ciia quan dan ta

B Lam lung lay y chi xam luge cua de quoc MT

C Bao ve mien Bac

D Danh bai am muu pha hoai mien BSc cua de qu6c MT, mi8n BIC ttep tuc lam nhiem vu cua hau phuong Ion ' ^ ,

Cau 74 Vi sao MI buoc phai tuyen bo ngiing hkn nem bom, b^n pha mien Bac

Jan thu-nhat?

A Bj that bai trong "Chien tranh cue bo" d mien-Nam

B Bi thiet hai nang ne trong chien tranh pha ho^i mien Bac

• 185

C Bi nhan dan MT va nhan dan the gioi len an

D Bj thi^t hai nang ne 6 2 mien Nam - Bac cuoi 1968

Cau 75 Thang loi cua quan dan mien Bac trong cuoc chien dau chong chien

tranh pha hoai Ian thu- nhat ciia de quoc MT da c6 tac dung nhu- the nao doi

vol cuoc khang chien chong MT ciru nveac ciia nhan dan ta?

A Khang djnh quyet tarn chong MT cuu nuac cua nhan dan ta, gop phan lam

lung lay y chi xam krgc ciia MT

B Buoc MT phai rut quan MT va quan chu hau cua MT ve nuoc

C Buoc MT phai chap nhan dam phan vdi ta d Pa-ri

D Buoc MT phai chap nhanki ket Hiep dinh Pa-ri

Cau 76 Nguon lire chi vien, cung \m chion thang cua quan dan mien Bac da

gop phan quyet djnh vao thang loi ciia quan dan mien Nam trong cuoc chien

dau chong chien luoc chien tranh nao ciia Mi-Nguy?

A Chien luge "Chidn tranh mot phia"

B Chien luge "Chien tranh dac biet"

C Chien luge "Chien tranh cue bo"

D Chien luge "Viel Nam hoa" chien tranh

Cau 77, Trong giai doan chien tranh pha hoai (1965-1968) ly do nao la co' ban

nhat mien B&c day manh phat trien kinh te dja phu'ong, nhat la chu trong

phat trien nong nghiep?

A Dam bao cho nhu cau chien dau tai cho

B Dam bao ddi song cho nhan dan dia phuang

C Han che dugc su tan pha cua chien tranh

D Mien Bac phai thuc hien day dii nghTa vu cua hau phuang Idn, chi vien theo

yeu cau ve sue ngudi sue cua cho mien Nam, ca Lao va Cam-pu-chia

Cau 78 Tuyen dirong van chuyen chien luo'c Bac - Nam mang ten Ho Chi

Minh tren bo, bat dau khai thong tir luc nao?

A Thang 3 - 1959 B Thang 4 - 1959

C Thang 5 - 1959 D Thang 6 - 1959

Cau 79 Noi moc thoi gian & cot A vol sir kien ff cot B:

A B

1 1965 - !966 A MT tiln hanh chien luge "chien tranh cue bg"

2 5 - 8 - 1964 B MT tien hanh chien luge mua kho thu hai

3 30-1 den 25-2-1968 C Tong tien cong noi day Mau Than

4 7 - 2 -1965 D MT tuyen bo ngung nem bom Mien B^c

5 1965 - 1968 E Khai thong dudng H6 Chi Minh

6 1966 - 1967 F MT tien hanh chien luge mua kho thu nhat

7 18 - 8 - 1965 G Dot tan cong thu nhk Mau Than

8 31 - 1 - 1968 H Chiln tranh pha hoai Ian thu nh5t

9 1 - 1 1 - 1 9 6 8 1 MT dung s^r kien "Vjnh B k Bo"

10.5 -1959 K Chien thang Van Tuang

186

80 Chien lu-ffc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" ciia Nichxan c6 gi giong so chien luoc "Cliien tranh cue bo"?

A Ve muc dich cua chien tranh B Ve vai trd cua quan dgi MT

C Vai trd cua quan doi Nguy D Ve vai trd cua "ap chien luge"

Cau 81 Trong "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh, lyc lirong nao la chu yeu d l tien hanh chien tranh?

A Quan doi MT B Quan doi nguy

C Quan doi MT + cac dong minh D Quan doi MT + quan doi nguy ;

Cau 82 Am mu-u co' ban ciia chien lu-gc "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh la gi?

A Rut dan quan MT ve nude

B Tan dung ngudi Viet Nam vi muc dich thuc dan mdi cua MT

C De cao hoe thuyet Nichxo'n

D "Dung ngudi Viet danh ngudi Viet"

Cau 83 Chien lirffc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" c6 gi moi so voi cac chien Itfoc chien tranh truoc?

A Tim each chia re Viet Nam vdi cac nude XHCN

B Gan "Viet Nam hoa" vdi "Dong Duong hda chien tranh"

C Dugc tien hanh bang quan doi tay sai la chu yeu, cd su phdi hop dang ke cua quan dgi MT

D A, B va C dung

Cau 84 Thii doan trong chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh la gi?

A Tang so lugng nguy quan

B Rut dan quan MT ve nude

C M d rgng chien tranh pha hoai mien BSe, tien hanh chien tranh xam luge Lao, Cam-pu-ehia

D Cd lap cadi mang Viet Nam

Cau 85 Ngay 24, 25-4-1970, Hoi nghj cap cao 3 niro'c Dong Du'ffng hop nham muc dich gi?

A Bat tay nhau cung khang chien chong MT

B Vach tran am muu "Dong Duong hda chien tranh" cua de qudc MT

C Doi phd vdi am muu ciia de qudc MT va bieu thj quyet tam doan ket chien dau chong MT cua nhan dan ba nude Dong Duong

D !kay dung can cu dja khdng chien ciia nhan dan ba nude Ddng Duang

Cau 86 Dap tan cuoc hanh quan "Lam Sffn 719" (12 den 23-3-1971) c6 sir phoi hgp ciia quan doi nirdc nao?

, A Quan dgi Vi^t Nam, quan dan Lao

B Quan dgi Viet Nam, quan dan Cam-pu-ehia

C Quan dgi Viet Nam, Lao, Cam-pu-chia

D Quan dan Lao, Cam-pu-ehia

187

Cau 87 Thang loi ciia quan ta phoi ho-p voi quan Lao trong vi^c danh bai

cuQC hanh quan Lam Son 719 tai du-ong 9 Nam Lao da mang lai ket qua nhir

the naỏ

Ạ Loai khoi vong chien dau 45.000 ten M I - Nguy, giCr viing hanh lang chien

luge each mang a Dong Duong

B Loai khoi vong chien dau 22.000 ten IVIT

C Lam that bai chi^n luge "Dong Duong hoa" chi^n tranh ciia MT

D Lam thk bai chien luge "Viet Nam hoa" ra "Dong Duong hoa" chien tranh

cua MT

Cau 88 Nguyen nhan co- ban nhat de ta mo" cuoc tien cong chien lu-oc 1972?

Ạ Ta gianh thang Igi tren cac mat tran quan su, chinh tri, ngoai giao trong 3

nam 1969, 1970, 1971

B Nude MT nay sinh nhieu mau thuan qua cuge bau cu Tong thong (1972)

C Djch chu quan do phan doaii sai thai gian, quy mo va huong tien cong ciia tạ

D Nguy quyen Sai Gon gap nhieu kho khan

Cau 89 V i sac M I buoc phai tuyen bo "MT hoấ trof lai chien tranh xam Iirffc

va thira nhan sy that bai cua "Viet Nam hoa" chien tranh?

Ạ Do thang Igi lien tiep cua ta tren cac mat tran quan sir, trong ba nam 1969,

1970.1971

B Sau don tan cong bat nga, gay choang vang cua ta trong cugc tien cong chien

luge 1972 (ma dau 30-3-1972)

C Thang Igi cua ta tren mat tran ngoai giao a Parị

D Do thang Igi cua nhan dan mien Bac khSc phuc hau qua chien tranh pha hoai

Ian I, tiep tuc chi vien khong ngung cho mien Nam

Cau 90 Y nghia Hch su- nao la có ban nhat cua cuoc tien cong chien \\rqc

1972?

Ạ Da ma ra mot buac ngoat cua cugc khang chien chong MT cua nhan dan tạ

B Da giang mot don nang ne vao chien luge "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh"

C Da giang mot don nang ne vao quan nguy (cong cu chu yeu) ciia MT

D Bugc MT tuyen bo "MT hoa" tra lai chien tranh xam luge, phai thua nhan that

bai ciia chien luge "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh"

Cau 91 Trong thoi gian chong " V i e t N a m hoa" chien tranh (1969-1973)

nhiem vu nang ne nhat ciia mien Bac la gỉ

Ạ Lam nghTa vu hau phuong Ion doi voi t i l n tuyen mien Nam

B: Lam nghTa vu quoc te doi voi Lao va Cam-pu-chiạ

C ViJa chien dau, vua san xuat, xay dung hau phuong, bao dam cho cugc chien

dau tai cho va chi vien cho chien truong

D Phai khac phuc kjp thai, tai cho hau qua ciia nhung cugc chien tranh ac liet,

tiep nhan su viec trg tu ben ngoai va chi vien théo yeu cku ciia tien tuyen

mien Nam, Lao, Cam-pu-chiạ

188

^^au 92 Thang loi I6"n nhat cua quan va dan mien BSc trong tran "Dien Bieh phii tren khong" la gỉ

Ạ Buoc MT phai tuySn b6 ngiing hSn cac hoat dgng chong pha mign BSc

B Danh bai am muu pha hoai cong cugc xay dung CNXH a mien BSc

C Danh bai am muu ngan chan su chi vien cua mien Bac cho mien Nam, Lao, Cam-pu-chiạ

D Bugc MT ki hiep djnh Pa-ri v^ cham diit chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh a Viet Nam

93 Can cu- vao ly do chii yeu nao sau day de noi rang MT "da dat ngang

Pi^ng ke di xam luge voi ngu-oi chong xam lu-oc"?

Ẹ Ạ MT thieu thien chi, muon keo dai chien tranh a Viet Nam

W B MT muon duy tri che do tay sai d6 thuc hign chii nghTa thue dan maị

1^ , C MTdoi "co di co lai", neu MT riit quan khoi mien Nam thi quan dgi mien BSc

cung phai riit quan khoi mien Nam

D MTmuon giu quan chu hau cua MTd lai mien Nam

Cau 94 Trong cac dieu khoan ciia noi dung Hiep djnh Pari (trong SGK), dieu-' khoan nao co y nghTa nhat doi voi sy nghiep giai phong mien Nam?

- Ạ Hoa Ki va cac nuoc cam ket ton trgng doc lap, chii quyen, toan ven lanh th6

jtlj^ cua Viet Nam

B Hoa Ki riit het quan dgi cua minh va qi>an Dong minh, pha het can cu quan

m.' sir, cam ket khong tiep tuc dinh Ifu quan su hoac can thiep vao c6ng-~viec ngi

B , • bg cOa mien Nam Viet Nam,

By C Cac ben de nhan daii mien Nam tu quyet dHnh tuang lai chinh tri ciia hg

thong qua tong tuyen cu tu dọ

^ H D Cac ben ngung ban tai cho, trao tra tii binh va dan thuong bj bat

1 41 Ạ Nichxon phe chuSn ke hoach danh pha mien Bac 12 ngay dem B MT tuyen bo ngung hoat dgng danh pha mien Bac tu vT tuyen 20 tra rạ

' C MT tuyen bo ngung hoan toan cac hoat dgng chdng pha mien Bac de

ki voi Chinh phu ta Hiep djnh Parị

I C U O C T O N G T I E N C O N G V A NO! DAY MUA X U A N 1975

1 Thcci CO- va chu trirong chien lirffc cua ta

a TIt&i cff

- Vai Hiep djnh Pari ta da danii cho MT cut, buoc MT pliai riit het quan MT va

quan chu hau ve nuoc Chfnh quyen ngyy mac dau bj suy yeu van ngang nhien pha

hoai Hiep djnh Chung huy dong lire luong "tran ngap lanh th6" ra sue binh djnh

Ian chiem viing giai phong

- Ve phia each mang, do hanh dong pha hoai Hi^p djnh ciia djch buoc ta phai

eSm vu khi chiSn dau bao ve thanh qua cua each mang, dua cuoc khang chi6n den

thang Igi hoan toan Nghj quyet 21 cua Trung uang Dang da khang djnh "Con

duong tiep tuc cua each mang mien Nam van la eon duang bao lire each mang,

ngoai ra khong con con duang nao khac"

- Trong 2 nam 1973 - 1974 ta lien tiep gianh nhieu thang Igi tren hau khap cac

mat tran Vung giai phong ngay dugc ma rpng Ta da xay dirng dugc nhiJng binh

doan C O dong manh, c6 sire chien dau hgp dong binh chiing Ta da manh han djch

ca the va lire Nguy quyen Nguyen Van Thieu dirng truac mot cupe khung hoang

toan di^n sau sac

Nhirng dieu kien ben trong va ben ngoai ay hgp vai nhau tao thanh thai ca

chien luge mai de ta tien len gianh thSng Igi cuoi cung

b Chu truong cua Dang

- Truac thai ca chien luge mai, Dang da chu trirang ma cugc tong tien cong va

noi day de giai phong mien Nam Chu truong cua Dang dugc the hien bang mot ke

hoach cii the de giai phong mien Nam trong hai nam: 1975-1976 dugc thong qua

tai Hoi nghj Bg chinh trj tir 18/12/1974 d6n 8/1/1975

- Trong khi Hgi nghj Bp chinh trj ma rpng dang hpp, quan dan mien Nam da

giai phopg hoan toan tinh Phuac Long (6/1/1975) Chien thang Phuac Long da

chung to ngyy quyen Sai Gon suy yiu nghiem trpng

Do do, Bp Chinh trj quyet djnh: "Neu thai ca den vao dau hoac cuoi nam 1975

thi lap tuc giai phong mien Nam nam 1975 Chu truang do cua Dang la dung dan

sang suot, linh hoat va kjp thai, c6 y nghTa quyet djnh den thSng Igi eua cupc T6ng tien cong va noi day mua Xiian 1975

2 Dien bien: Cuoc tong tien cong va n6i day trcn toan mien Nam nam 1975 trai qua ba chien djch

a Chien djch Tay Nguyen (4/3 den 24/3/1975)

- Tay Nguyen la mot dja ban c6 vi tri chien luge quan trgng ve quan sir va chinh

trj, ca ta va djch d i u chu y va c6 gang nkm giO Nhung hi^n tai, do nhan djnh sai

huang tien cong cua quan ta, dich chot giO a day mot lire lugng mong, bo phong c6

nhieu sa ha Can ei'r vao do, Hpi nghj Bp chinh.trj thang 10/1974 da quy6t djnh chpn Tay Nguyen lam huang tan cong chu yeu trong nam 1975

- Thue hien chu truong tren, ta tap trung lire-lugng chu lire manh vai binh khi

ky thuat hien dai M a chien djch qui ftio Ian a Tay Nguyen vai tran then chot ma

man Buon Me Thupt

- Dau thang 3/1975 quan ta tin cong quan djch nhiSu nai a Tay Nguyen va

4/3/1975 danh nghi binh a Playcu, Kontum, nham thu hut quan djch vao huang do Ngay 10/31975 vai 2 ngay chien dau, ta tieu diet toan bp quan djch va lam chu thj

xa Buon Me Thupt (11/3/1975)

- Ngay 12/3/1975 quan djch tap trung lire lugng ma cupc phan cong nham chiem lai Buon M8 Thupt Nhung tat ca eac cupc phan cong eua chung deu bj danh tan Sau 2 don bi danh dau (10 va 12/3) a Buon Me Thupt, toan bp h? thong phong ngir ciia djch a Tay Nguyen bj rung ehuyen, quan djch mat tinh than, hang ngu cua chung bj rung ehuyen, roi loan, tu do nay sinh nhirng sai lam Ion ve chien lirgc

- Ngay 14/3 Nguyen Van Thieu ra {enh rut khoi Playcu, Kontum va toan bp Tay i Nguyen ve giu' viing Duyen hai Nam Trung Bp, roi tap trung lire Fugng tai chiem •

Buon Me Thugt Ngay 16/3 quan ta dugc lenh danh chan va truy'kich djch tren i

duang chung rut khoi Tay Nguyen Den ngay 24/3, toan bg quan djch rut chay, bj •

quan ta tieu diet Chien djch Tay Nguyen ket thuc Ta tieu diet toan bp quan doan 2 j H^ran gifr 6 day, giai phong ca Tay Nguyen rpng Ian vai 60 van dan

B - ChiSn djch Tay Nguyen thang Igi da ehuyen cugc khang chien chong MT cuu

B i u a c sang giai doan mai: Tu cugc tien cong chien luge phat trien thanh tong tien

H p n g chien luge tren toan chien truang mien Nam

m b Chien djch Hue - Da NSng (21/3 den 3/4/1975)

W - Thay dugc thai ca chien luge den nhanh va rat thuan Igi, Bp ehinh trj c6 quyet

H t j n h kjp thai vk giai phong Sai Gon va toan Midn Nam ngay khi chien djch Tay

BjNguyen con tiep dien

B - Mu6n hoan thanh nhiem vii ca ban do, nhiem vu chi^n luge trirac mat la tien

B hanh chi§n djch giai phong HuS - Da Nang

B - Phoi hgp vdi Tay Nguyen, quan ta a Quang Trj da day manh ti6n cong va Bngay 19/3 thi giai phong toan tinh Djch lo sg bo chay ve giiJ Hue va Da Nang,

K ngay 21/3 quan ta thpc sau vao can ci'r djch, chan cac duang rut chay cua chiing, hinh thanh the bao vay djch trong thanh pho

191

- 10 g i a 30 p h u t ngay 25/3 q u a n ta tien v a o Hue, d e n ngay horn sau (26/3) giai

p h o n g t o a n bo t i n h T l i i r a T h i e n - H u e T r o n g c u n g t h a i gian ta tien vao giai p h o n g

T h i xa T a r n K y (24/3) Q u a n g N g a i (25/3) C h u L a i (26/3) tao t h e m mgt h u o n g uy

h i e p D a Narjg.-tir phia N a m

- D a N l n g , t h a n h pho Ion thir 2 a m i e n N a m , can ci'r quan su L i e n h g p Ion nhat

cua M l - n g u y , - r o i vao the c6 lap Quan ta tCr ba phia Bac - T a y - N a m tien nhanh,

ap sat t h a n h pho, h o n 10 van d i c h b i don u a day t r d nen hon l o a n , mat het kha

nang chifen dau C h u n g phai d u n g niay bay d i tan, c6 van MT va m o t phan luc l u g n g

nguy Safig ngay 29/3 quan ta tir cac h u o n g tien thang vao thanh pho den 3 g i o

chieu t h i c h i e m toan b p thanh pho

- T r o n g cajng.Th6i g i a n v a i c h i e n djch Tay N g u y e n va c h i e n d j c h Hue - D a

N ^ n g , t i r c u o i t h ^ n g 3 dau t h a n g 4/1975, nhan dan ta a cac t i n h ven bien M i e n

T r u f i g , p h i a N a m T a y N g u y e n va m o t so t i n h d N a m B g , c 6 sir ho t r g cua lire l u g n g

t r o n g dja p h u o n g va cua q u a n c h u lire, da noi day danh d j c h g i a n h q u y e n l a m c h u ,

cac t i n h a m i e n Tr^jng Ian l u g l d u g c giai phong T u ngay 14 den 29/4/1975 cac dao

thugc q u a n dao T n r a n g Sa c u n g dirdc giai phong

c aiien djch HoCJiiMMt Ijc/t sir (26/4 din 30/4/1975)

- Sau m o t t h a n g t i e n c o n g v a n o i day, quan dan ta da g i a n h toan t h a n g t r o n g

c h i e n d j c h T a y ' N g u y e n , Tlu6> D a NSng, giai p h o n g h o n m o t nua dat dai va m o t nua

dan so t o a n m t e n N a m , c h i e m giir m o t k h o i l u g n g Ian vat chat, t r a n g bj va p h u o n g

t j ^ n c h i e n t r a n h Gac lire l u g n g v u t r a n g cua ta t r i r o n g thanh n h a n h c h o n g

- T r o n g k h j d o , lire l u g n g cua djch g i a m si'it n g h i e m t r o n g , c h u n g phai liii vao

j j h o n g t h u tir Phan R a n g t r o vao, MT c u n g da het sue g i u p c h i n h q i i y e n Sai G o n keo

dai " c g n hap h o i " bang each lap cau hang k h o n g vien t r g k h a n cap c h o c h i i n g

- V e p h i a ta, n h u N g h j q u y e t B g C h i r i h trj ngay 2/3/1975 da neu r o :

" T h a i cef chjen l u g e m o i da den, t a c6 dieu kien hoan t h a n h s o m q u y e t t a m g i a i

p h o n g m i e n N a m p h a i tap t r u n g nhanh nhat lire l i r g n g b i n h k h i , k y thuat va vat

chit g i a i p h o n g ^ m i e n N a m t r i r o c m u a m u a C h i e n d j c h g i a i p h o n g Sai G o n d u g c

B o c h i n h t r i quySt d j n h m a n g ten " C h i e n djch H 6 C h i M i n h " (14/4/1975)

- Tii" d a u t h a n g 4 tren m g i m i e n dat nuoc^ nhan dan da song nhiJng ngay g i a het

sire soi d g n g v.a hao h u n g

- Ca dan tgc ta ra q u a n t r o n g M i i a X u a n Ijch su va t i n h than " d i nhanh den, danh

nhanh t h f i n g " va v a i k h i the " t h a n toe, tao bao, bat n g a va chac t h a n g "

-Ngay 9/4 q u a n ta tien c 6 n g X u a n Loc, m o t can c u p h o n g t h u t r o n g y e u ciia d i c h

bao ve Sai G o n t u p h i a D o n g T a i day d i e n ra n h u n g tran c h i e n dau ae liet N g a y

16/4 q u a n ta pha v a tu^en p h o n g t h i i cua djch a Phan Rang N g a y 21/4 toan bp

quan d j c h 0 X u a n J L g c t h a o chay

T r u a c v i e c t u y e n p l i o n g t h u Phan Rang, X u a n Lgc bj choc t h u n g va viec t h i i do

P h n o m Pent} m a t vao tay q u a n giai p h o n g C a m p u c h i a (17/4), n g i bg MT va c h i n h

q u y e n Sai G o n t h e m h o n loan

- N g a y 18/4 t o h g t h o n g MT ra lenh d i tan het n g u a i MT k h o i Sai G o n N g a y 21/4

quan ta d u g c l e n h n6 sung m a dau chien d j c h Tat ca 5 canh quan tir cac h t r a n g

v u g t qua t u y e n p h o n g t h u v o n g i>goai cua d i c h tran vao Sai G o n

192

N g a y 28/4 cac tran dja phao ciia ta dong loat na vao san bay T a n Soji N h a t va chieu h o m do p h i c o n g ta d u n g 5 may bay chien d d u phan l u c A 3 7 m a d o t tap k i c h

vao inay bay ciia c h i m g

- D e m 28 rang 29/4 tat ca cac canh quan ciia ta d u g c lenh d6ng loat t d n g c o n g

k i c h vao t r u n g tam thanh pho, danh chiem tat ca cac c a quan dku nao cua d i c h

9 g i a 30 phut ngay 30/4 D u o n g Van M i n h vua I en lam t6ng t h o n g nguy (28/4) keu ggi n g u n g ban de " d i e u d i n h giao chinh quyen" nham ci'ru quan nguy k h o i sup d6

10 g i a 45 phut ngay 30/4 xe tang tien vao D i n h doc lap bat s6ng toan bg n g u y quyen T r u n g u o n g , D u o n g Van M i n h tuyen bo d§u hang k h o n g d i l u k i e n L u c 11

g i a 30 phut ngay, la c a each mang tung bay tren noc p h u t6ng t h d n g c h i n h quyen

Sai G o n , bao hieu s u toan thang cua chien dich H o C h i M i n h Ijch s u

- T h i r a thang sau g i a i phong Sai Gon, lyc l u g n g ' v i i t r a n g va nhan dan ca c t i n h con lai 6 N a m B g nhat te d u n g len tien cong va n o i day theo p h u o n g thuc " X a giai

p h o n g xa, huyen g i a i p h o n g huyen, tinh giai p h o n g t i n h " D ^ n ngay 2/5/1975 Nam

B g m i e n N a m d u g c hoan toan giai phong

N h u vay v a i toe d o " m o t ngay bang 20 n a m " , c h i t r o n g vong k h o n g day 2 t h a n g (4/3 den 2/5/1975) phat h i i y sue manh ap dao ca ve quan sir va chinh t n , quan dan

ta da g i a n h d u g c t h ^ n g Igi bai ba tran danh then c h o t : T r a n m a dau d a n h B u o n M e

T h u g t g i a i p h o n g toan b g Tay Nguyen, tran t h u h a i g i a i p h o n g Hue - D a N a n g quet

sach d j c h 6 ven b i e n M i e n T r u n g va tran ket t h u c la c h i e n d j c h H 6 C h i M i n h Ijch sir giai phong Sai G o n - G i a Diniv va cac tinh c o n lai a N a m B g H o n mot ttrieu

quan nguy va ca b g may n g u y quyen bj dap tan, che d o t h u c dan m a i d i f g c M T d o c

xay d u n g qua 5 d a i t o n g t h o n g hi sup do

3 Y n g h i a cua c u o c T o n g tien cong v a U o i d a y m u a X u a n 1975

- C u g c T o n g tien c o n g va noi day gianh thang Igi da loai k h o i vong chien hon 1

trieu quan chu lire n g u y , dap tan hoan toan b g m a y n g u y q u y e n tir T r u n g u o n g den

CO so, thanh lap d u g c c h i n h quyen each mang

- C h i e n djch H o C h i M i n h , dinh cao cua cugc t o n g t i e n c o n g v a n o i day gianh

t h a n g I g i , do la t h a n g Igi to Ian nhat, oanh Met nhat cua ta t r o n g 21 nam c h o n g MT , c u u n u a e , la m o t t r o n g n h u n g tliSng Igi to Ion va oanh l i ^ t nhat t r o n g Ijch sir c h o n g

f ngoai x a m ciia dan tgc, no n h u mot tran Bach D S n g , C h i L a n g , D o n g D a t r o n g "cac the k y t r u a c , hay tran D i e n Bien Phii trong the k y X X

- T h a n g Igi cua cugc t o n g tien cong va noi d a y la t h a n g I g i q u y e t djnh k^t thuc cugc k h a n g c h i ^ n c h o n g MT c u u nuac 21 nam, d o n g t h a i ket t h i i c 3 0 nam chien

' tranh g i a i p h o n g dan tgc va bao ve to quoc

- T h a n g Igi nay cua ta dong t h a i da tao d i e u k i e n t h u a n igi v a t h o i c a Ion c h o

I each m a n g ( C a m p u c h i a va each mang Lao tien len giai p h o n g hoan toan dat n u a c

m i n h t r o n g nam 1975

I I Y N G H I A L I C H S U V A N G U Y E N N H A N T H A N G L O I C U A CVQC

K H A N G C H I E N C H O N G M I C U t J NUOfC '

- 1 Y nghia Ijch sir

- C u g c , k h a n g c h i e n c h o n g M T c u u nuac cOa nhan dan ta da ket thuc b3ng c h l f j

d i c h dai t i l i n g m i i a x u a n 1975: C h i ^ n djch H o C h i M i n h Ijch su D o la cugc c h i e i j

191

tranh yeu nircrc vT dai, cupc chien tranh giai phortg dan toe va bao ve To quoc tieu

bieu ciia nlian dan ta Cupc chien tranh da iveo dai hon iiai thap nien(tir 7/1954 den

thang 5/1973) dai hon bat cu cuoc chien tranh nao trong Ijch su va phai ehong lai

mot cuong quoc ion manh nhat la M L Cuoi eiing hhan dan ta da gianh duge chien

thang, thuc hien tron ven muc tieu giai phong hoan toan mien Nam, bao ve che dp

xa hoi chij nghTa 6 mien Bac, thong nhit dat niio'c

- Thang loi cua euoc khang chien chong M T ciiu nuoc "mai mai duoc gH vao

lich sir dan toe ta nhu mot trong nhirng trang chdi loi nhat, mot bieu tuong sang

ngoi ve sir loan thang ciia chii nghTa anh hiing each mang va tri tue con nguoi va di

vao lich su the giai nhu mot chien cong vT dai cua the ky XX, mot su kien c6 t§m

quan trong quoc te Ion lao va c6 tinh thai dai sau sac"

- Doi \'ai dan toe Viet Nam, cuoc khang chien chong MT cuu nuac thang loi da

ket thuc 21 nam chien dau chong MT va 30 nam chien tranh giai phong dan toe, bao

ve to quoc tir each mang thang Tam 1945, cham dirt vTnh vien ach thong tri ciia chu

nghTa de quoc va che dp phong kien d nuoc ta, rira sach cai nhuc va noi dau mat

nirdchon mot the ky Tren co so do hoan thanh ve co' ban cupc each mang dan tpc

dan chii nhan dan trong ca nuoc, bap ve va phat trien nhung thanh tuu ciia each •

mang xa hpi chii nghTa a mien Bac, xaa bp chirang ngai tren can duang thuc hien

thong ^ih§t dat nupc

Thang Igi cua cupc khang chien chpng MT ciru iiirpc da md ra mpt ky nguyen

mdi ciia each mang Viet Nam - Ky nguyen dat nuac dpc lap, thpng nhat, di len chu

nghTa xa hpi Do la mot trong nhung thang loi vT dai nhat, hien hach nhat trpng Ijch

sir dung nude va giu nude ciia dan tpc

- Dpi vdi tlie gidi, cupc khang chieii, chong MT cuu nude thang Ipi da dap tan

cupc phan kich k3n n h ^ vap lire lupng each mang sau chien tranh the gidi thu' hai

ciia ten de quoc dau so pha va phong tuyen quan trpng ngan chan chii nghTa cpng

san d Dpng Nam A cua de qupc MT, gdp pltan lain dap Ipn chien liipc tpan cau

phan each mang ciia chiing

Thahg Ipi cua nhan dan ta- va that bai cua de qupc MT, cd tac dpng manh den npi

tinh nude MT va cue dien the gidi, cd anii hudng va la ngudn cd vii tp Idn ddi vdi

phpng trap each mang the gidvcac dan tpc dang dau tranh chdng chu nghTa de qupc

2 Nguyen nhan thang loi

Cupc khang chien chpng MT ciru nude ciia phan dan ta da ket thiic thang Ipi, do

nhieu nguyen chii quan va khach quan tap nen

- Trudc het la su lanh daa ciia Dang va Chu tjch H P Chi Minh vdi dudng 161

chinh trj, quan su dpc lap tu chii diing dan,, sang tap Dd la dudng lai tien hanh

dpng thai each mang dan tpc dan chii nhan dan d'mien Nam ve each mang xa hpi

chii nghTa d mien Bac

- Nhan dan ta cd truyen thdng yeu nude nong nan Trpng cupc khang chien

chong MT ciru nude do Dang ta lanh dao, truyin thong do dupe phat huy-^cao dp,

sue manh ciia dan tpc dupe tap ra bdi truyen thdn-g dd nhan len gap bpi

- Mien Bac xa hpi chii nghTa da dam bap th^rc hien nghTa vii hau phiiang Idn,

dap irng ngay cang Idn yeu can chi vien sire ngiidi, sire cua eho tien tuyen Idn d

mien Nam t

194

- Trong su nghiep chdng MT ciru nirdc tinh dcTkn ket va lien minh chien dau giua ba dan tpc Viet Nam Lao Campuchia trong mot chi6n luac chung va tren

chien triidng Dong Duong thong nhSt tao nen sue manh to Ion cho cac lire lupng

each mang chung ba nude va cho tirng nude d Dong Duong

- Thang Ipi ciia nhan dan ta gianh dupe trong cupc khang chien chong MT ciru nude con bat nguon tir dae diem ciia thai dai va khong tach rdi su giiip da to Idn,

CO hieu qua ciia Lien Xd, Trung Quoc va cua cac nude xa hpi chii nghTa khac, sir

dong tinh iing hp manh me ciia lire lupng dan chu, hda binh va ciia loai ngudi tietj

bp, trong dd cd nhan dan MT

Tren day la nhung nguyen nhan tao nen sii'c manh bao dam eho cupc khang chidn chdng MT ciru nude ciia nhan dan ta gianh'thSng lai hpan tPan Moi nguyen nhan cd vi tri va t&c dung khac nhau, trong dd su lanh dap ciia Dang vdi dudng loi diing dan, sang tap la nguyen nhan chi phdi cac nguyen nhan khac

cAU HOI T R A C NGHIEM

Cau 1 Tinh hinh nhiem vu cua mien BSc thoi Id 1973 - \9i5 c6 gi khac truwc?

A Khac phuc hau qua chien tranh •

B Khdi phuc phat trien kinh te - van hda

C Tiep tue chi vien chp mien Nam va chien trudng Lap, Cam-pu-chia

D Khdng lam nhiem vu chien dau chdng chien tranh pha hpai ciia MT

Cau 2 Hoan canh Ijch sir nao sau Hiep djnh Pari c6 anh hu-ong tryc tiep den

mien Bac?

A Quan MTva Dpng minh riit h^t ve nude

B S P sanh luc lupng d mien Nam cd lai chp ta

C Mien Bac trd lai hda binh

D Mien Bac tiep tue chi vien chp mien Nam

Cau 3 Dien tho'i gian thich hop vao cho 6 trong \

A , mien BSc can ban hpan thanh v i | c thap ga thiiy Idi, bom min

.B , vd ca ban mi^n BSc khdi phuc xong cac ca sd kinh te, cac he thdng thiiy ndng

C , san xuat cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep tren mpt sd mire quan trpng da dat mire aam ! 964 va nam 1971

D , mien Bac diia vap cac chien trudng mien Nam, Cam-pu-chia, Lap gan

20 van bp dpi

Cau 4 Toan linh MI cuoi cung riit khoi nu-oc ta ngay nao?

A 25-3-1973 B 26-3-1973 C 28-3-1973 D 29-3-1973

Cau 5 Am muu tham doc nhat ciia MI sau Hiep dinhPa-ri?

A Riit quan MT ve nude

B Riit quan Ddng minh ve nude

C Giir lai hon 2 van cd van quan sir

D Lap bp chi huy quan sir, tiep.tiie vien trp cho nguy quyen Sai Gdn

19!

C a u 6 Dieu nao sau day churng to chinh quyen, quan doi Sai G o n pha hoai

Hiep djnh P a r i ?

A Tien hanli chien dich •'tran ngap lanh th6", ma nluing ciioc hanh quan "binh

dinh - Ian chiem" viing giai phong

B Nhan vien tro' kinh te ciia MT

C Nhan vien t r g quan sir cua MT

D Lap Bo chi huy quan su

C a u 7, Cuoi 1974 dau 1975, ta mo- dot hoat dong quan su- Dong - X u a n , trong

tarn la dau?

A Dong bang Nam bp

B Dong bang song Cuu Long va Dong Nam bo

C Trung bp va K h u V

D Mat tran Trj - Thien

C a u 8 T h a n g lai tieu bieu nhat trong cac hoat dong quan su- Dong - X u a n

1974 - 1975 la gi?

A Chien thang Duong 9 - Nam Lap

B Danh bai cupc hanh quan "Lam Son 719'" cua MT - Nguy

C Chien djch D u o n g 14 - Phuoc Long

D Chien djch Tay Nguyen

C a u 9 Sau Hiep djnh P a r i , so sanh luc luong giira ta va djch da thay d6i Dieu

nao sau day khong dung?

A Quan MT va Dong minh rut ve nuac, nguy quy^n Sai Gon matcho dua

p Vien tro cua MT ve quan sir, kinh te, tai chinh tang gap d o i

C M i e n Bac hoa binh, c6 dieu kien day manh san^xuat tang tiem luc kinh te,

quoc phong, chi vien cho mien Nam

D Mien Nam vung giai phong dupe mo rpng, san xuat 6hy manh, tang ngu6n

lire tai cho

C a u 10 T h y c hien Nghj quyet Hoi nghj T W Ian thir 21 cua Dang, tir cuoi 1973

den 1-1975 quan dan ta 6' Mien Nam da gianh du-oc nhieu thSng loi Th5ng loi

nao sau day chu-a chinh xac?

A Danh tra djch trong eac cupc hanh quan "binh djnh - Ian chidm" '

B Bao V?, mo rpng vung giai phong

C Giai phong D u o n g 14, thj xa va toan tinh Phuoc Long

D Giai phong Buon Ma Thupt

C a u 11 K e hoach giai phong mien Nam du-oc Bo C h i n h tri T W Dang de ra

trong 2 nam, do la 2 nam nao? »

A: 1972 - 1973 B 1973 - 1974 C 1974 - 1975 D 1975 -1976

C a u 12 C h u tru-ong, ke hoach giai phong Mien Nam kh^ng djnh tinh dung

ddn va linh hoat trong lanh dao ciia Dang Hay chi r a tinh nhan van trong ke

hoach do? °

A Trong nam 1975 tien cong djch tren quy mo rpng Ion

196

B Nam 1976, t6ng khai nghTaj,giai phong hoan toan mien Nam

C Neu thai ca den dSu hcac cuoi W75, thi lap tire giai phong mien Nam trong nam 1975

D Tranh thii thai Co, danh thSng nhanh de do thiet hai ve nguai va cua cho nhan dan, gifr gin tot ca so kinh te, cong trinh van hoa giam bot sir tan pha cua chi^n tranh

;au 13 Hoan canh Ijch sir nao la thuan loi nhat de tir do Dang de ra chu Iru-o-ng, ke hoach giai phong mien Nam?

A Quan MT va quan D6ng minh da rut khoi mien Nam, Nguy mat cho dira

B So sanh luc luong thay d6i c6 Igi cho ta nh^t la sau chien thang Phuoc Long

C Kha nang chi vien cua mien BSc cho ti^n tuyen mien Nam

D MT cat giam vien t r g cho chinh quyen Sai Gon

"^au 14 Bat ki trong tinh huong nao, con.du-ong gianh thang loi ciia each

lang mien Nam cung la con du-crng bao luc, ngoai ra khong c6 con du-ong nao j;hac Hay neu xuat xu-cau noi tren

A Trong Hpi nghj Ian thu 15 cua Dang (1-1959)

B Trong Hpi nghj Ian thi'r 21 cua Dang (7-1973)

C Trong Hpi nghj Bp Chinh trj (30-9 den7-10- 973)

D Trong Hpi nghj Bp Chinh trj mo rpng (18-12-1974 d i n 8-1-1975 )

^au 15 C h i e n djch du-6ng 14- Phu-oc L o n g n6 vao thoi gian nao?

A Ngay 6-1-1975 > B Ngay 8-1-1975

C N g a y 14-11-1974 D Ngay 1-2-1975

;au 16 V o i thSng lo-i Phu-o-c Long va tinh hinh chien s y sau Phveac Long, da

liiip Bo C h i n h trj b6 sung va hoan chinh ke hoach giiii phong mien Nam

nhu-|he nao?

A Giai phong hoan toan mien Nam ngay trong nam 1975

B Tien hanh tdng cong kich - t6ng khoi lighTa giai phong mien Nam trong nam

1976

C N § u thoi CO d§n vao dau hoac cuoi nam 1975 thi lap tu'c giai phong mien

Nam trong nam 1975

D De ra hoach giai phong mien Nam trong 2 nam (1975-1976), nhirlig nhan djnh ke ca nam 1975 la thoi co va chi thj ro: "Neu thai ca den vao dau hoac cuoi nam 1975 thi lap tiVc giai phong mien Nam trong nam 1975"

:au 17 V i sao Hoi nghj Bo C h i n h trj 10-1974, quyet djnh chon T a y Nguyen lam hu-ong tsin cong chii yen trong nam 1975?

A J a y Nguyen c6 vj tri chien luge quan trpng, lire lupng dich tap trimg day dac

a day de bao ve mien Nam

B Tay Nguyen c6 vj t r i chien luge quan trpng, lire lugng djch tap trung a day mong, bo phong c6 nhieu so ho

C Tay Nguyen c6 mot can ci'r quan sir lien hgp manh nhat cua MT- ngiiy d mien Nam

D Cau A va B deu dung

19/

Cau 18 Ghi su kien vao thoi giaii sau day cho phii hop:

C a u 19 K e t qua nao du-oi day thuoc ket qua ciia chien djch T a y Nguyen?

A Tieu diet loan bo quan doan 2 Iran giu' Tay Nguyen, giai phong toan bo Tay

Nguyen rong Ion v 6 i 60 van dan

B Tieu diet toan bo quan doan 4 tran-giu' Tay Nguyen va giai phong toan bp

Buon M e Thuot

C Tieu diet toan bo quan doan 3 tran giir Tay Nguyen va giai phong toan bo

Playcu, Kontum

D Tieu diet plian Ion quan doan 2 tran giu' Tay Nguyen va giai phong Vi dien

tich Tay Nguyen v 6 i 4 van dan

C a u 20 Y nghia Ion nhat cua chien dich T a y Nguyen la:

A La nguon c6 vu manh me de quan dan ta tien len giai phong hoan toan mien Nam

B Lam cho tinh than dich hot hoang, mat kha nang chien dau

G Chuyen cuoc khang chien ch6ng MTcuu nuoc sang giai doan moi: T u t i e n cong

chien luge phat trien thanh tong tien cong chien luoc iren toan' mien Nam

D D o la thang Igi Ion nhat, oanh Met nhat trong cuoc khang chien chong MT cuu

nude cua nhan dan ta

C a u 21 T i n h tiV liic quan ta giai phong Q u a n g T r j den liic giai phong D a Nang

la bao nhieu ngay?

A 15 ngay B 20 ngay C 8 ngay D 10 ngay

C a u 22 H a y dien thoi gian vao s u kien lich sii' duoi day cho phii ho-p:

A Giai phong Quang T r i

B Giai phong Thiia Thien-Hue

C Giai phong Da Nang

D , Giai phong Quang Ngai

E Giai phong Tarn K i

C a u 23 S a u khi that thii 6' T a y Nguyen, Hue, D a N^ng, djch phai lui ve phong

t h i i f f d a u ?

A C i C a m R a n h B 6NhaTrang

C 0 Phan Rang D Ci Xuan Loc

C a u 24 " T h o i co' chien lu-oc moi da den, ta c6 dieu kien hoan thanh sotn quyet

tarn giai phong mien Nam " Do la Nghi quyet nao cua Dang ta?

A H o i nghj Ian thur 21 cua Trung uong Dang vao thang 7-1973

B H o i nghj Bo Chinh trj hop t u 30-9 den 7-10-1974

198

f M ^ C H o i nghj Bo Chi'nh trj m a rohg hop tir 1 8 - I 2 - I 9 7 4 den 8-1-1975

^Hfe N g h i quyet cua Bo Chinh tri ngay 25-3-1975

W ^u 25 T i n h than "Di nhanh den, danh nhanh thSng" va khi the " T h a n toe,

K o bao, bat nga, chSc thsing" Do la tinh than va khi the ra quan cua dan toe

A Chien djch Tay Nguyen B Chien dich Hue - Da N5ng

Jl C C h i ^ n djch Ho C h i M i n h lich su D Tat ca cac chien djch tren

C a u 26 X u a n L o c , mot cSn cir phong thu trong yen ciia djch de bao ve Sai

u | £ 6 n tir phia Dong, da bj quan ta pha vo vao thoi gian nao?

A 5 ngay B 22 ngay C 15 ngay D 10 ngay

^ C S u 29 L u c lOgio' 30 phut ngay 30- 4-1975, dien ra sur kien co' ban nao 6' ^ i Gon?

A D u o n g Van M i n h keu goi "ngirng b5n de dieu dinh giao chinh quyen"

B B X e tang ta tien vao dinh ''Doc lap" ngiiy

Wt C La CO each mang tung bay tren Phu tong thong nguy

^ H B Chien djch Ho Chi M i n h toan th^ng

Cau 30 Cuoc Tong tien cong va noi day miia Xuan 1975: moc m o d a u va ket thuc?

IA M o dau 9-4-1975, ket thi'ic 30-4-1975

B M o d a u 4-3-1975, ket thiic 30-4-1975

C M o dau 19-3-1975, ket thuc 2-5-1975

D M o dau 4-3-1975, ket thiic 2-5-1975

au 31 Nam doi tong thong MT noi chan nhau dieu hanh qua 4 ke hoach lien lu-ffc thuc dan moi va chien tranh xam lu-oc ciia M I V a y tong thong nao

em chju s y that bai cuoi ciing trong chien tranh xam luoc Vi^t N a m ?

A N i c h - x o n B Gion-xon , C Pho D Ken-no-di

au 32 Y nghia Ion nhat trong thang loi ciia cuoc khang chi^n chong MT ciru nuoc cua nhan dan ta la gi?

A ChAm dut vTnh v i l n ach thdng trj cua chii nghTa de quoc tren dat nirac ta, rira

• B sach noi nhiic va noi dau mat nuac han mot the k i

B M o ra mot k i nguyen moi cho lich sir Viet Nam: ca nuac doc lap thong nhat cung xay dung chii nghTa xa hoi

| V C La nguon c6 vii manh me d6i v a i phong trao each mang the g i a i

|M: D Cau A va B la y nghTa Ian nhat

J , , — :

Cau 33 Nguyen nhan nao c6 ti'nh chat quyet djnh ctua toi thSng loi cua cuoc

khang chien chong Mi ciru niroc?

A Nhan dan ta c6 truyen thong yeu niioc nong nan

B Sir lanh dao dung dan va sang siiot cua Datjg,

C Co hau phutmg vurng chac a mien Bac xa hoi chii nghTa

D Sir giup do ciia cac nuac xa hoi chii nghTa, tinh than doan ket cua nhan dan

ba nurac Dong Duong

18 A Ta danh nghi binh a Playcu, Kontum nhSm thu luit djch vao huong do

B Quan ta tan cong vao thi ,xa Buon Ma Thuot

C Quan djch mo cuoc phan cong tai chiem Buon Ma Thuot nhung bj

danh bai

D Nguyen Van Thieu ra lenh rut khoi Playcu, Kontum va toan bo Tay

Nguyen ve gifr viing duyen hai Nam Trung Bo

E Quan ta dirge lenh danh chan va truy kich djch tren duang chung rut

chay khoi Tay Nguyen

G Chien dich Tay Nguyen ket thi'ic

1, Yeu cau ve viec hoan thanh thong nhat nndfc nha ve mat Nha nu'o'c

- Nhiem vu thieng Iieng cua nhan dan ta trong cuoc khang chien chong MTcuu niroc (1954 - 1975) la gianh doc lap, chii quyen va toan ven lanh tho To quoc, d6ng thai cham dirt tinh trang dat nuoc bj chia cat

- Ve mat lanh tho, To quoc Viet Nam tren thirc te da dirge thong nhat tir sau chien thang Ijch sir ngay 30/4/1975, song d moi mien lai ton tai mot to chirc Nha nuac khac nhau

+ Ci mien Bkc c6 Quoc hoi la co quan quyen lire Nha nuoc cao nhat va

Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa, c6 Hoi dong nhan dan va Uy ban nhan dan cac cap

+ CS mien Nam, c6 Chinh phu each mang Lam thai Cong hoa mien Nam va Hoi dong c6 van cua Chinh phu Uy bah nhan dan each mang la chinh quyen cac cap

- Tu' thirc te do, sau khi mien Nam hoan to5n giai phong, mot trong nhung nguyen vong tha thiet truac mat, dong thai la tinh cam thieng Iieng cua nhan dan hai mien Nam - Bac la sorn dirge sum hop trong mot dai gia dinh, mong muon c6 mot Chinh phu thong nhat, mot ca quan dai dien quyen lire chung cua nhan dan ca nuac

2 Qua trinh thong nhat nu'o'c nha ve mat Nha nu'tfc

- De dap lai nguyen vong chinh dang cua nhan dan ca nuac, dong thai cung phii hop vai thirc te Ijch su ciia dan toe "Niroc Viet Nam la mot, d§n toe Viet Nam la mot" Hoi nghj Ian thi'r 24 cua Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang hop trong thang 9/1975, de ra nhiem vu hoan thanh thong nhat niroc nha ve mat Nha nuac

- Tir ngay 15 den ngay 21/11/1975, Hoi nghj hiep thuang chinh trj thong nhat dat nuac hop tai Sai Goji- Hai doan dai bieu dai dien cho hai mien da tham du Hoi nghj Hoi nghj da di den nhat tri hoan toan cac van de thugc ehii truang va bien phap nham thong nhat nuac nha ve mat Nha nuac

- Ngay 25/4/1976, cuoc tong tuyen cir b4u Quoc hoi dirge t6 chi'rc trong ca nuac Day la Ian thu hai cuoc tong tuyen cir dugc to chirc trong ca nuac sau Ian dau tien to chi'rc ngay 6/1/1946 Day la Quoc hoi khoa V i

- Cuoi thang 6 dau thang 7/1976 Quoc hoi khoa Vi hop ky dSu tien, vai 5 quy§t djnh: + Quoc hoi thong qua chinh sach doi ngi, doi ngoai ciia nuac Viet Nam thong nhat, quyet djnh chuyen each mang Viet Nam sang giai doan each mang xa hoi ehii nghTa

201

1 1 ' •

+ Qu6c hoi quyet djnh lay ten nuac la Cong h6a Xa hoi Chu nghTa Viet Nam

(2/7/1976) quyet ^jnh Quoc ky la la cd do sao vang, Qu6c ca la bai "Tien quan ca"

quyet djnh Quoc buy quylt dinh Ha Noi la thii do ciia niroc Viet Nam thdng nhat,

thanh pho Sai Gon doi ten la thanh ph6 Ho Chi Minh

+ Quoc hoi bau cac co quan, cac chuc vu lanh dao cao nhk ciia nuac Cong

boa Xa hoi Chu nghTa Viet Nam gooi: C4iu tjch nuac, Pho chu tjch nuoe, Uy ban

I Thuang vu Qude hoi Hoi dong Chinh phii Hoi d6ng Quoc phong, Chanh an Toa

an nhan dan toi cao, Vien truong Vien kiem sat nhan dan toi cao

+ CJ dja phuorng to chi'rc thanh ba cap chinh quyen: C§p tinh va cap thanh

pho tiirc thuQc Trung irong, cap huyen va ckp tuong duong, ckp xa va cap tuong

duong 6 moi cap chinh quyen d^u c6 Hoi ddng nhan dan dugc bau ra theo nguyen

tac bo phieu kin

-r Qu6c hoi b§u Uy ban dir thao Hi^n phap va quyet djnh khi ehua co H i h

p.hap mai thi nurac Cong hoa Xa hoi Chu nghTa Viet Nam to churc va hoat dong tren

ca so- Hien phap 1959 eua nuac Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa Hien phap nuac

Cong boa Xa hoi Chu nghTa Viet Nam chinh thirc dugc Qu6c hoi thong qua ngay

18/]2/1980 i3ay la Hien phap dau tien ciia thai ky qua do len chii nghTa xa hoi

trong ca nuac

3 Y nghTa cua viec hoan thanh thong nhat niroc nha ve mat Nha niroc

- Hoan thanh thong nhat nuac nha ve mat Nha nuac la yeu cau tat yeu khach

quan ciia sir phat trien ciia dan toe, la y chi th6ng nhk T6 quoc, quylt tam xay

dung mot nuac Viet Nam doc lap, thong nhat

- Hoan thanh thong nhat nuac nha \h mat Nha nuac d l the che hoa th6ng nhat

lanh tho va tao ca sa phap ly de hoan thanh thdng nhat dat nuac tren cac ITnh vuc

khac, tao dieu kien chinh trj-ca ban de phat huy sue manh toan dien dat nuac va d^

ca nuac di len chu nghTa xa hoi

C A U H O I T R A C N G H F E M

Cau 1 Sau dai thang mua Xuan 1975, nhiem vu cap thiet hang dku cua ca

nu-o'c ta la gi?

A Khac phuc hau qua chien tranh va phat triln kinh te

B On djnh tinh hinh chinh tri - xa hoi a mien Nam

C Thong nhat nuac nha ve mat Nha nuac

D M a rong quan he giao luu voi cac nuac

Cau 2 Dien sir kien vao cac thoi gian da cho sau day: „

T T N I E N DAI

1 11 - 1975 A Mat tran To quoc Viet Nam dugc thanh lap

2 4-1976 B Hien phap nuac Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam

3 7-1976 dugc Quoc hoi thong qua

4 1 - 1977 C Hoi nghj hiep thuang dai bilu hai mien BSc

5 12- 1980 Nam tai Sai Gon

D Tong tuyen cu bau Quoc hoi chung cho ca nuac

E Quoc hoi nuac Viet Nam thong nhat hgp tai Ha Noi

202

f 3.T£i nam 1946 den 1980, da ba Ian Quoc hoi thdng qua Hien phap, do la

^l,{irng Hien phap nao?

A- Hien phap 1946: HiSn phap 1959; Hi^n phap 1980

B Hien phap 1946; Hien phap 1960; Hien phap 1980

C^Hien phap 1946; Hien phap 1975; Hi^n phap 1980

D Hien phap 1946; Hien phap 1976; Hi§n phap 1980

Q^u 4 D^n ngay 20-9-1977, nuoc ta tro thanh hoi vien thur may cua Lien Hiep

Cau 7 Nguoi du-oc hhu lam chu tjch nuo-c dau tien cua nuffc Cong hoa xa hoi

chu nghia Viet Nam la ai?

A Ho Chi Minh B Ton Diic ThSng

C Pham Van Dong D Truong Chinh

Gau 8 Chien thSng bien gioi Tay Nam cua quan dan ta co y nghTa nhu the nao?

A Tao thai ca thua;n Igi cho each mang Cam-pu-chia gianh thang Igi

B Tieu diet hoan toan che do P6n-p6t - leng-xe-ri

C Tang cuong tinh doan kk ciia ba nuac Dong Duong

D Tao nen sue manh tdng hgp ciia nhan dan hai nuoc Viet Nam va Cam-pu-chia

Clu 9: Sau dai thSng miia Xuan 1975, nhiem vu quan trong cap thiet hang flau cua ea nuoc ta la gi?

A Khac phuc hau qua chian tranh va phat trign kinh te

B On djnh tinh hinh chinh trj - xa hoi a 2 mien Nam - B k

C Thong nhat nuac nha ve mat Nha nuoc ,

j | D M a rong quan he giao luu voi cac nuoc

CSu 10 Thuan loi co ban nhat cua dat nuoesau 1975 la gi?

A Nhan dan phan khoi voi chien thjng viia gianh dirge

( B Co mien Bhc XHCN, mien Nam hoan toan giai phong

C Dat nuac da dugc doc lap, thong nhat

D Cac nuac XHCN tiep tuc ling ho ta

CSu 11 Kho khan cff ban nhat cua dat nuoc sau 1975 la gi?

A.-So nguoi mu chu, s6 nguai that nghiep chiem ty le cao

1 B Bon phan dong trong nuoc van con

| - C Nen kinh te nong nghiep v i n con lac hau

I D Hau qua cua chiSn tranh va chii nghTa thuc dan mai MT de lai rat nang ne

1 ' 203

; ;

C a u 12/Nhieiti vu trong tarn ciia mien Bac ngay sau 1975 la gi?

A Han gan vet thuong chien tranh

B KhSc phuc hau qua chien tranh, khoi phuc vaphat trien kinh te - van hoa

C T i ^ p tuc lam nhiem vu can ci'r dia cua each mang ca niroc

D Tiep tuc lam nghTa v i i quoc te doi v 6 i Lao va Cam-pu-chia

C a u 13 Nhiem vu trong tarn cua mien Nam giai doan dau sau 1975?

A Thanh lap chi'nh quy€n each mang va cac doan the quan chung 6 nhirng viinj

moi giai phong

B On dinh tinh hinh va khSc phuc hau qua chien tranh, khoi phuc va phat triin

kinh t& - van hoa

C Tich thu ruong dat cua bon phan dong, xoa bo boc lot phong kien

D Quoc huu hoa ngan hang

C a u 14 S y kien nao la quan trong nhat trong qua trinh thong nhat dat nuo

ve mat Nha nuoc sau 1975?

A H o i nghj Hiep thuang cua dai bieu 2 mien Bac Nam tai Sai Gon (11-1975)

B ' Tong tuyen cu bau Quoc hoi chung trong ca niroc (25-4-1976)

C Quoc hoi khoa V I cua nuoc Viet Nam thong nhat hop ki dau tien (24-6 den

2-7-1976)

D Dai hoi thong nhat mat tran to quoc Viet Na m

C a u 15 C u o c tong tuyen c i r b a u Quoc hoi chung cua ca nufrc (25-4-1976) c6 i

nghla gi?

A Lan thir 2 cuoc tong tuyen ciV duoc to chuc trong ca nirac

B Ket qua thSng loi ciia 30 nam chien tranh giir nu'oc (1945 - 1975)

C La biroc quan trong cho sir thong nhat dat nuoc ve mat Nha nuoc

D Ca 3 y tren dung v

C a u 16 Quoc hoi thong nhat ca nu-oc la Quoc hoi khoa may?

A Khoa I V B Khoa V C Khoa V I D Khoa V i i

C a u 17 Nguo'i du'oc bau lam C h u tich dau tien cua nu'o'c Cong hoa xa hoi ch

nghia Viet Nam la ai?

A H o C h i M i n h B Ton Dire ThSng

C Nguyen Lu'ong Bang D Tran Due L u a n g

C a u 18 K i hop t h u I Quoc hoi khoa V I c6 nhirng quyet djnh nao lien quan vo'i

viec thong nhat dat nuoc ve mat Nha nufrc?

A Thong nhat ten nuoc, xac dinh Ha N o i la thu do cua ca niroc

B Bau cac co quan lanh dao cao nhat cua ca nuoc

C D o i ten thanh pho Sai Gon - Gia Djnh la TP Ho Chi M i n h

D A va B dung

C a u 19 Nien dai 25-4-1976 phii hop voi su kien nao sau day?

A Cuoc tong tuyen cir cua ca nii'oc Ian thi'n>hat

B Cuoc tong tuyen ci'r cua ca nuoc lan thir hai

204

C H o i nghj hiep thuong thong nhat dkt nuac

w ' D Quoc hoi khoa V I cua nu'oc Viet Nam thdng nh4t

Cau 20 Ngay 25-4-1976 Tong tuyen cir bau Quoc hoi chuhg trong ca nu-oc c6 1,00 nhieu cir tri tham gia?

A 2 0 t r i e u B.21 trieu C 22 trieu D.23 trieu

f§ia 21 Viec thong nhat dat nuoc ve mat nha nuoc c6 y nghia gi?

A Dap ung nguyen vong cua mpi tang lop nhan dan

B Tao dieu kien cho sir thong nhat dan toe a cac ITnh virc khac

u • C Tao dieu kien thuan loi de ca nuoc cung nhau xay dung va bao ve T6 quoc,

\n len chu nghia xa hgi

D Tat ca deu dung

Cau 22 T i r ngay 15 den ngay 21-11-1975, Hoi nghj hiep thuo'ng chinh trj thong nhat dat nuoc tai Sai G o n , da nhat tri hoan toan cac van de gi?

A Lay ten nuoc la nuoc Cong hoa chu nghTa xa hoi Viet Nam

B Chu truong, bien phap nh^m thdng nhat dat nuoc ve mat Nha nuac

C Quoc k i la ca do sao vang, Quoc ca la bai Tien quan ca

D D 6 i ten Thanh pho Sai Gon - Gia Djnh la TP H6 C h i M i n h

Cau 23 T i r ngay 24-6 den 2-7-1976 Quoc hoi khoa V I cua nuoc Viet Nam thong nhat voi so luong bao nhieu dai bieu?

A 462 d a i b i a u B 472 dai bi6u C 482 dai bi§u D 492 dai bieu

Cau 24 Dien thoi gian vao cac s y kien sau: "

I 15-11-1975 A T o n g tuyen c u b a u Qu6c hoi chung

2 2 4 - 6-1976 B i Quoc hoi khoa V I be mac

3.2-7-1976 C H o i nghj hiep thuang chinh trj be mac 4.21-11-1975 D Hoi nghj hiep thuang chinh tri tai Sai Gon 5.25- 4-1976 E Quoc hoi khoa V l h o p tai Ha N o i

D a i hoi toan qiidc l4n thi'r IV cua Dang ti:r ngay 14 den ngay 20/12/1976 la \y^\

hoi ma dau giai doan ca nuoc di len chii nghTa xa hoi Dai hoi neu sir tat yeu va tan,

quan trong trong viec dua ca nuoc di len chu nghTa xa hoi: vach ra duong loi chuiig

each mang xa hoi chu nghTa va duang loi xay dung kinh te xa hoi chu nghTa a m(x

ta trong thai k y qua do: neu ba dac diem Ion c u a tinh hinh ma d a c diem Ion nhat la

"nu'oc ta v^n dang trong qua trinh tix mot xa hoi, ma nen kinh te con pho bien la saii

xu4t nho tien thang len chu RghTa xa hoi, bo qua giai doan phat trien tu ban chii

nghTa", dac di^m nay qui djnh tinh chSt each mang xa hoi chu nghTa va qua trinh

cua cuoe each mang do o nuoc ta; - d j " ' ! huong nhiem v i i , muc tieu cua ke hoach

N h a n u - a c 5 n a m ( 1 9 7 6 - 1 9 8 0 )

+ K e hoach Nha niroc 5 nam (1976 - 1980) ma dau giai doan mai c6 vj tri hci

sue quan trong, vi "no vira giai quyet nhung hau qua nang ne cua 30 nam chicii

tranh va cua chii nghTa thuc dan mai, vua phai to chi'ic lai nen kinh te von nglico

nan, lac hau, xay dung mot buoc nen san xuat Ion x a hoi chu nghTa trong ca nuoc

dat nen mong cho sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa nude nha"

+ Thuc hien ke hoach Nha nuoc 5 nam (1976 - 1980), nhan dan ta da dat dugc

nbung thanh t^ru ya tien bo dang ke trong khoi phuc va phSt trien kinh te Ben canli

nhii-ng thanh tuu dat dirge, chung ta c6 khong it khong khi yeu kern, nhat la tn:)iig

ITnh vuc kinh te - xa hoi Do la nen kinh te ciia ta eon mat can doi, san xuat phat

tridn cham, thu nhap qu6c dan, rjang suat lao dgng thap, d o i s o n g n h a n dan gap

nhieu kho khan Trong xa hoi nay sinh nhieu hien tirgng tieu cue

2 Giai doan 1981 - 1985

- Dai hoi Ian thu V cua Dang tu ngay 27 den ngay 31/3/1982 khSng djnh tiep

tuc duang loi chung each mang xa hoi chu nghTa va duong loi xay dung kinh te >:i

hoi chu nghTa a nuoc ta trong thai ky qua do da vach ra tu Dai-hoi IV Tuy nhien

chinh, bo sung va eu t h i hoa cho tung chang duang, tung buoc di phu hgp vai dicH

ki$n Ijch su cu the Dai hgi cung nhan manh each mang" Viet Nam trong giai doaH

mai la xay dung chu nghTa xa hgi va bao ve To quoc Viet Nam xa hoi chu nghTa

hai nhiem vu chien luge do ti^n hanh dong thai va quan he mat thiet vai nhau^

trong do xay dung chu nghTa xa hgi la nhiem vu hang dau

- Ke hoach Nha nuoc 5 nam (1981 - 1985) c6 nhiem vu dSy manh cai tao kinli

te, phat tri8n them m o t s6 buoc va sSp xep lai ea eau kinh te quoc dan, nharn deiH

lai su on dinh \h ca ban tinh hinh kinh te - xa h g i , dap ung nhung nhu cau cap

bach va thiet y^u nhat cua 6b\g nhan dan, giam nhe nhung cho mat can de'

nghiem trgng cua nen kinh te

206

va

kho

niat tram trong them Muc tieu ca ban ciia ke hoach la "Ga b a a on dinh tinh hinh

kinh te - xa hgi, on dinlvdoi song nhan dan" \kn chua dugc thuc hien

II, D A T N U O C T R E N C O N DUCJNG D 6 I M 6 1 (1985 - 1991)

1 Dirong loi doi moi xay dung dat niroc trong thoi ky qua do Doi mai la de khac phuc kho khan, vugt qua eugc khiing hoang cua chy nghTa

xa hgi dua each m^ng xa hgi chu nghTa tien len D^i hgi toan qu6c.cua Dang \hn

1 thu V I (12/1986) de ra duong l6i doi mai, D6i mori kinh ii di doi vai doi mai chinh trj, trgng tarn la doi moi kinh xk

I * Doi moi ve kinh te; Xay dung nhn kinh te hang hoa nhic-u thanh phan, theo

g djnh huong xa hgi chu nghTa, van dgng theo ca die thj truang co-sir quan ly cua [Nha nuac, nhSm phat buy sue manh ciia cac thanh phan kinh te, d6ng thai dat ra

yeu cau cai tao quan he san \uk, cai tao di doi vai su dung \ phai nham lam cho

quan he san xuSt phu hgp v6i tinh chat va trinh do ciia lire lugng san xuat, c6 tac

dyng thuc dhy lire lugng san xuSt phat tri^n

- Nang cao nhan tliuc ve chu nghTa xa hgi khoa hgc, trira: tien \k dac di^m thai

ky qua do len chu nghTa a nuac ta fa ca mot thai ky Ijch sir lau dai, klio k h w , trai

|qua nhieu chang, ma xac djnh diing phuang huang, nhiem \, muc tieu Rinh fg - xa

K i cho chang diiwng dSu tien (phai trong nhieu ke hoach 5 nam)

Nhiem vu, muc tieu cua chang dugng d^u tien la "6n dmh tinh hinh kinh te

-xa hgi, tiep tuc -xay dung nhung tien'de ckn thiet cho viec day manh cong nghiep hoa trong chang duong tiep theo" Truac mk, trong 5 nam (19?6 - 1990) phai tap

trung sue ngirai, sue ciia thuc hien nhung nhiem vu, muc tieu cua Ba chuang trinh kinh te: Luang thuc - thuc pham, hang tieu diing va hang xuat khao-

%i * '^'^'"'^ 1 " ^ " <ii^m-"LAy dan lam g6c";

l o i mai ngi dung phuang thuc boat dgng cua cac doan thk quAn chiing theo

phuang cham "Dan biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan ki^m tra", coi do la nen nep hang ngay ciia xa hgi moi, the hien che do nhan dan lao dgng tuquan ly lay Nha nuac fua minh

Thanh tiru va han che trong buot dau thire hieaduong lot dSfmoi (1986 - 199lli

a Thanh tuu

ji Thanh tuu dau tien la tren ITnh vuc kinh te, dat dugc trong viec thuc hien cac

c tieu Ba chuang trinh kinh te

- V^ luoTig thuc - thuc pham tu cho thi§u an trien mien, den nam 1990, da dap

ig nhu cau trong nuac, c6 du tru va xuat khiu, gop phAn quan trong 6n djnh dai

ig nhan dan va thay doi can can xuat nhap khau San xuat luongthirc nam 1988

It 19,50 trieu tan vugt nam 1987 han 2 trieu tan, nam 1989 dat 21,40 trieu tan

' Han^g hoa tren thj truang, nhat la hang tieu dung doi dao da dang, c6 nhieu tien ' ve mau ma, chat lugng va luu thong tuang doi thuan jgi

- Kinh te doi ngoai phat trien manh, ma rgng han truac vh qui mo, hinh thuc va

p phan quan trgng vao viec thuc hien cac-muc tieu kinh te - xShgi, Tir 1986 den

207

1990, hang xuat khau tang gan 3 Ian (tir 439 trieu rup va 384 trieu do la len 1019

tri#u rup va 1 1 70 trieu do la) Tir nam 1989 tang them cac mat hang c6 gia tri xuat

khku nhu-gao, dku tho Nam 1989 ta xuat 1,5 trieu tan gao Nhap khau giam dang

ke, tien gan den mirc cong bang giiJa xuSt va nhap

- Kiem che dugc da lam phat: Chi so tang gia binh quan tren thj truang nam 1986

la 20% nam 1987 la 10% nam 1988 la 14%, nam 1989 la 2.5% nam 1990 la 4,4%

NhCrng thanh tiru va viu diem trong buac d^u thirc hien diiang loi doi moi (1986

- 1990) la rat quan trong, chung to duang loi d6i moi cua Dang la dung, bu-oc di

cua cong cuoc doi rqoi la phu hop

h Han che

Dat nu-ac VSfi chira thoat ra khoi khiing hoang kinh te - xa hoi, cong cupc d6j

moi con nhieu mSt han chi, nhieu van de vk kinh te - xa hoi nong bong v i n chiia

duoc giai quyet

C A U H O I T R A G N G H I E M

Cau 1 Dai hoi Dang toan quoc Ian I V ciia Dang Cong san Viet Nam hop vao

luc nao? I

A Tir \2 dan 18 - 12 - 1976 B Tir 14 den 20 - 12-1976

C Tir 10 den 20 - 12 - 1976 D Tir 15 den 20 -12 / \

Cau 2 "Nu-oc ta dang trong qua trinh tir mot xa hoi nen kinh te con pho

bien la san xuat nho tien thang len chu nghia xa hoiy'ijo qua giai doan pha

trien tu- ban chu nghia" Do la dac diem Ion nhat d/ffc neu ra trong Dai hoi

Ian thu- may ciia Dang? i ^/

A. Dai hoi 111. B. Dai hoi IV C Dai hoi V D D^i hoi V I

Cau 3 Dai hoi toan quoc Ian thir V ciia Dang Cong sin Viet Nam hop vao tho

gian nao?

A 2 7 d e n 3 1 - 3 - 1 9 5 0 B 27 den 31 - 3 - 1981

C 27 den 3 1 - 3 -1982 D 27 den 31 - 3 - 1985

Cau 4 Dai hoi Ian thir V ciia Dang da kh^ng djnh 6iku gi?

A Tiep tuc thirc hi^n dirong loi each manf xa hoi chu nghTa da vach ra tir Dai

hoi Ian thu IV

B Thirc hien cong cuoc d6i moi dat nuac

C Thirc hien cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa dk nuoc

D Tat ca dfiu dung

Cau 5 Dai hgi Ian thu- VI ciia Dang Cong san Viet Nam hop vao thoi gian nao?

A 15 dSn 18 -12 -1985 B 10 den 18-12 - 1986

C 15 den 18-12 -1986 D 20 den 25 - 12 - 1986

Cau 6 Muc tieu ciia Ba chu-ong trinh kinh te: luong thu-c- thu-c phSm, hang

tieu dung va hang xuat khSu, du-oc de ra trong Dai hoi nao cua Dang?

A D a i h o i l V B Dai hoi V • C Dai hoi V I D.Dai hoi V l l

208

Cau 7 Chu truong doi mot cua Dai hoi Dang Ian V I la gi?

>i A U'u tien phat tri6n cong iighiep nang mot each hop ly tren ca so phat trien

nong nghiep va cong nghiep nhe

i B Thuc hien cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa dat nuoc

C Phat tri^n nen kinh te theo co che thj truong

D Phat trien kinh t l hang hoa nhieu thanh phan, van dong theo co che thj

tru-ong CO su quan ly cua Nha nuoc

Cau 8 Dien nhfi-ng tu- thich hop vao can sau day: Doi moi khong phai la thay d6i,muc tieu chii nghia xa hoi ma la

A Lam cho chu nghTa xa hoi ngay cang tot dep hon

B Lam cho muc tieu ky duoc thuc hi$n co hieu qua

C Lam cho muc tieu da de ra rihanh chong dugc thuc h i | n ,

D Lam cho muc tieu dS de ra phu hop-voi thuc tien dat nuoc

Can 9 Trong nhO-ng thanh tu-u quan trong buoc dau cua cong cuoc doi moi, thanh tu-u nao quan trong nhat?

A Thuc hien duoc ba chuong trinh kirth te

B Phat triln kinh tS doi ngoai

C Ki6m che dugc lam phat

D Tung buoC dua dat nuoc thoat khoi khiing hoang kinh t l xa hoi

Cau 10 Cach mang Viet Nam chuyin sang giai doan each mang xa hoi trong dieu kien nhu- the nao?

A Dat nuac da hoa binh

-B MiSn Nam da hoan toan giai phong

C D4t nuoc doc lap, thong nhat

D Mien Bkc khoi phuc kinh te, han g5n vet thuong chiSn tranh

Cau 11 Dai hoi Dang toan quoc Ian thu IV (12-1976) co nhirng quyet djnh quan trong Dieu nao sau day chu-a phai la quyet djnh ciia Dai hoi Ian nay?

A D6i ten Dang Lao dgng Viet Nam thanh Dang cong san Viet Nam

B D8 ra duong l6i xay dung CNXH trong ca nuoc

C Quyk djnh phuong huang, nhiem vu, myc tieu cua kk hoach nha nuac 5 nam

(1976-1980)

D Thuc hien duang loi doi mai dat nuoc

Cau 12 Nhiem vu ca ban cua ke hoach 5 nam (1976 - 1980) la gi?

A Khoi phuc va phat tridn kinh te

B Cai thien va nang cao 6b\g cua nhan dan

C Vila xay dung dat nuoc, vua cai tao XHCN

D Xay dung nen van hoa mai

-Can 13 Muc tieu ca ban cua ke hoach 5 nam (1975 - 1980) la gi?

A Xay dung mot buoc ca so vat chk - kT thuat ciia CNXH

B Cai tao XHCN trong cac vung mai giai phong a mien Nam

C C a i thien mot biloc doi song vat chat va van hpa ciia nhan dan lao dong

D A , C diing:

Cau 14 Nen kinh te ciia ta sau 5 nam van con mat can doi, san xuat phat trien

cham, thu nhap quoc dan va nang suat lao d9ng thap, dm song nhan dan con

gap nhieu kho khan Do la nhirng han che ciia thcyi k i nao?

A Thirc hien ke hoach 5 nam Ian 1 (1560 - 1965)

B Thai ki khoi phuc kinh te Mien BSC (1968 - 1973)

C Thirc hien ke hoach 5 nam (1976 - 1980)

D Thirc hien ke hoach 5 nam (1981 - 1985)

Cau IS D ^ i hoi Dang toan quoc Ian t h u V (3-1982) c6 nhirng quyet djnh quan

trong DJeu nao sau day chua phai la quyet djnh cua Dai hoi nay?

A Ca nuac tien nhanh, tien manh, tien vOng chac len CNXH

B Tiep tuc du-ang loi xay dimg CNXH trong pham vi ca nuac

C Thai ki qua dp len CNXH a nuac ta phai trai qua nhieu chang

D Phuong huang, nhiem vu, muc tieu cua ke hoach 5 nam (1981 -1985)

Cau 16 Diem nab chua phai la thanh tiru chii yeu cua ke hoach nha nwoc

C Ve ca ban on djnh tinh hinh kinh te -^a hoi, on djnh doi song nhan dan

D Hoan thanh hang tram cong trinh tuong doi Ion

Cau 17 Tinh trang khung hoang tram trong ve k^nh te - xa hoi ciia dat nude

trong thoi k i 1980 - 1985 duoc bieu hien o' nhieu mat Diem nao khong diing

vffi thu-c.te ndftren?

A Van de lirang thuc chira duoc giai quyet

B Dai song nhan dan con kho khan, chua on djnh

C Hang tieu dCing con khan hiem

D Van hoa - giao due chua dugc coi trong

Cau 18 Nguyen nhan chii yeu dan den sir khiing hoang tram trong ve kinh te

-xa hoi trong nhirng nam 1980 - 1985?

A Do hau qua chiSn tranh

B Do sal lam, khuyet diem trong viec lanh dao, quan ly

C Do chinh sach cam van cua MT

D Do quan he giira Viet Nam va Trung Quoc khong binh thuang v

Cau 19 Nguyen nhan ciia nhiing kho khan yeu kem trong viec thurc hien 2 ke

hoach 5 nam (1976 - 1980 va 1981 - 1985) la gi?

A Do nen kinh te nuac ta von da ngheo nan lac hau lai bi chien tranh tan pha

A Dung - B Sai

au 2 1 T i r sau 30-4-1975, de bao ve an toan lanh tho cua To quoc, Viet Nam

hai doi dau trrfc tiep v6"i nhirng lure \\iang nao?

A Quan xam luge MT

B Tap doan Pon Pot (Cam-pu-chia)

C Cuoc tien cong bien giai phia BSc ciia quan Trung Qu6c

2.22-12-1978 B Trung Qu6c rut quan khoi nu6c ta

3.17- 2-1979 C Trung Quoc bat dau rut quan

-4.1978 D Tap doan Pon Pot ban vao nhan dan ta

5.5-3-1979 E Trung Quoc cat vien trg, riit chuyen gia ve nuac

6.18- 3-1979 F Trung Quoc tan cong ta

Cau 23 Hoan canh nao du-a den viec Dang ta phai thyc hien du-crng loi doi moi

A Dat nuac lam vao tinh trang khiing hoang

B Do nhimg sai lam nghiem trong ve chu truang, chinh sach, chi dao va to chuc thuc hien

C Nhirng thay doi ctia tinh hinh the giai, nhat la truac sir khung hoang ngay cang tram trong a Lien X6 va cac nuac xa hoi chii nghTa

D Ca 3 y tren

Zau 24 Du-oiig l6i*d6i moi ciia Dang du-ac dieu chinh, bo sung, phat trien tai

ac k i Dai hoi nao eua Dang?

A Dai hoi IV; Dai hoi V; Dai hoi V I

B Dai hoi V; Dai hoi V I ; Dai hoi V I I

C Dai h6i V I ; Dai hoi V I l ; Dai hoi V I I I

D Dai hoi V I I ; Dai hoi V I I I ; Dai hoi I X Cau 25 Du-ffng loi doi moi ciia Dang duoc hieu nhu the nao la diing?

A Doi mai la thay doi muc tieu xa hoi chii nghTa

B D6i moi khong phai thay doi muc tieu xa hoi chii nghTa

211

C Muc tieu xa hoi chii nghTa dirge thirc hi$n c6 hieu qua bang nhimg quan dilm

dung dan ve chu nghTa xa hoi nhung hinh thuc, buac di va bien phap thi'ch hop

D B va C dung

Cau 26 Dai hoi Ian thir VI cua Dang cong san Viet Nam hop tir thoi gian nao?

A ISd^n 18-12-1985 B 10 den 18-12-1985

C 15 den 18-12-1986 D 20 d^n 25-12-1986

Cau 27 Quan diem doi moi cua Dang ta tai Dai hoi Dang V I ?

A Doi moi ve kinh te B Doi moi ve chinh trj

C Doi moi ve van hoa D D6i moi toan dien va d6ng bo

Cau 28 Dai h^i Dang VI da xac djnh ro quan digm d6i moi cua Dang C S V N la

doi moi toan dien va dong bo, nhung quan trong nhat ia gi?

A Doi moi ve chinh tri B Doi m a i ve kinh te va chinh t r j

C Doi mai ve kinh te D D6i moi ve van hoa

Cau 29 Chii truong doi moi cua Dai hoi Dang Ian V I la gi?

A U'u tien phat trien cong nghiep n^ng tren ca so phat tridn nong nghiep va

cong nghiep nhe

B Thirc hien cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa dat nuoc

C Phat trien nen kinh te theo ca che thi trirong

D Phat trien kinh te hang hoa nhieu thanh phAn, van dong theo ca chS thi

truong CO su quan iy cua Nha nuac

Cau 30 Doi moi khong phai la thay doi muc tieu chu nghTa xa hoi ma phai

lam gi?

A Lam cho chu nghTa xa hoi ngay cartg tot dep han

B Lam cho muc tieu ay dugc thuc hien CO hieu qua

C Lam cho muc tieu da d l ra nhanh chong duoc thuc hien

D Lam cho muc tieu da d l ra phij hop v6i thuc tien 6k nuoc

Cau 31 Trong nhirng thanh tmi quan trong bvtofc dau cua cong cuoc doi moi,

thanh turu nao quan trong nhat?

A Thuc hi?n duoc 3 chuang trinh kinh te

B Phat trien kinh te doi ngoai

C Ki6m ch^ dugc lam phat

D Tung buac dua dat nuac thoat khoi khung hoang kinh te - xa hoi

Cau 32 Muc tieu cua 3 chuong trinh kinh te cua ke hoach 5 nam (1986

-1990): lu-ffng thyc - thyc pham, hang tieu dung va hang xuat khSu, du-ffc de ra

trong Dai hoi nao?

A Dai hoi Dang IV B Dai hoi Dang V

C Dai hoi Dang VI D D^i hoi Dang VII

Cau 33 Trong so 3 chuotig trinh kinh te cua ke hoach 5 nam (1986 - 1990),

chu-ong trinh nao phai duwc du-a len hang dau?

A Luang thuc, thuc phSm B Hang \uk khau

C Hang tieu dung D Cau A va B dung

212

Cau 34 Hoan thien cac hinh thu-c khoan san pham cuoi cung den nhom va ngtfcyi lao dong nhSm muc dich gi'la chu yeu nhat?

A Di tien Igi cho viec san xuat

B De giai phong siic lao dong a nong thon

C D6 d l dang loai bo mot so hien tugng tieu cue

D D% khuySn khich san xuat a nong thon

NIEN B l £ U - Sir K I E N L I C H SU* V I E T NAM (1954 - 1995)

- 1/1/1955: Toan linh Phap cuoi cijng rut khoi Cat Ba (Hai Phong) mien B4C

Viet Nam hoan toan giai phong

- 5/9/1955: Mat tran T6 quoc Vi^t Nam thanh lap

- 14/5/1956: Chinh phu Phap gui cho hai chu tjch Hoi nghi Gianevo 1954 ve Dong

Duong ban thong diep thong bao quan vien chinh a Viet Nam da rut hk ve nuac

- 19/5/1959: Doan van tai quan su 559 dugc thanh lap, khai pha ma duang chien luge Truong San

- 1959 - 1960: Nhan dan Viet Nam n6i day lam cuoc "Dong khai" danh vao chinh quyln MT - Nguy, chuyin each mang mien Nam tu thS giu gin lyc lugng sang the tien cong

- 5 den 12/9/1960: Dai hoi dai bilu toan quoc 15n thu III cua Dang Lao dgng

Viet Nam, la "Dai hoi xay dung chu nghTa xa hoi a m'lkn Bic va dau tranh'thong

nhat nuac nha" Dai hoi bau lai H6 Chi Minh lam Chii tjch Dang

- 20/12/1960: Mat tran dan tgc giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam dugc thanh lap

- 15/2/1961: Cac lire lugng vu trang each mang thong nhat thanh quan giai phong mien Nam

- 7/2/1965 den 1/11/1968: Mien Bac chien dSu chong chien tranh pha hoai bang khong quan va hai quan Ian thu nhat cua MT, vua chien ddu vua san xuat

- 31/1 d§n 25/2/1968: Cuoc tap kich chien luge Tet Mau Than ma dSu cugc Tong tidn cong va n6i day ddng loat nam 1968 ciia quan dan mien Nam chong chien luge

"Chien tranh cue bg" cua MT (hai dot tiep theo 5/5 din 16/6 va 17/8 den 23/9)

- 13/5/1968 den 27/1/1973: Hoi nghi giiJa hai nuoc Viet Nam - Hoa Ky) bon ben hop a Pari ban giai phap cham dirt chiSn tranh, lap lai hoa binh a Viet Nam ^

- 6 den 8/6/1969: Dai hoi dai bieu qu6c dan mien Nam Viet Nam_ hgp^ bau Chinh phu each mang Lam thai Cong hoa mien Nam Viet Nam va Hoi dong co van Chinh phii

213

- 2/9/1969: Chu tjch Ho C h i M i n l i qua dai

- 18/3/1970: MT chi dao bpn tay sai lam cuoc dao chinh quan su lat d6 Chinh

phu trung lap Xihanuc, thanh lap Chi'nh phu bu nhin tay sai London, m a rong chien

tranh xam luge Campuchia

- 24 den 25/4/1970: H o i nghj cap cao ba nuac D o n g D u o n g hop de khang djnh

quyet tarn cua nhan dan ba nuoc doan ket chong MT

- 30/3/1972: Mo dau cuoc Tien eong chien luoc nam 1972 cua quan dan a mien

Nam chong chien luoc "chien tranh Viet Nam hoa'" cua MT

- 6/4/1972 den 15/1/1973: M\hn Bic chien dau chong ehidn tranh pha hoai Ian

thir hai cua MT

- 18 den 29/12/1972: Mien Bae danh bai cuoc tap kich chien luge 12 ngay dem

cua MT lam nen "Dien Bien Phu" tren khong

- 27/1/1973: Hiep djnh Pari ve viec cham dirt chien tranh lap lai hoa binh a Viet

Nam

- 29/3/1973: MT rut het quan xam luge khoi Viet Nam

- 4/3 den 2/5/1975: Tong tien eong va noi day miia Xuan 1975 Chien djeh Tay

Nguyen (4/3 den 24/4) Hue - Da NSng (21/3 den 29/3) H6 Chi M i n h (26/4 dSn 30/4)

- 30/4/1975: Sai Gon giai phong

- 25/4/1976: Tong tuyen c u bau Quoc hoi Ian thi'r hai to chirc trong ca nuac sau

Ian dau to chiTc ngay 6/1/1946

- 2/7/1976: Djnh ten nuoc la Cong hoa Xa hoi Chu nghTa Viet Nam

- 14 d i n 20/12/1976: Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thu I V cua Dang Lao dgng

Viet Nam la " D a i hoi m o dau thai ky ca nuoc di len Chu nghTa X a h o i " Dai hoi

d6i ten Dang thanh Dang Cong san Viet Nam

- 31/1/1977: Mat tran T 6 qu6c Viet Nam thanh lap tren ca sa thong nhat mat

tran hai mien N a m - Bae

- 20/9/1977: V i e t N a m gia nhap Lien Hiep Quoc

- 22/12/1978: Quan ta chien dau dap tan cuoc tan eong xam luge bien g i a i Tay

Nam cua bgn Pon Pot - leng X a r i

- 18/12/1980: Qu6c hoi khoa V I th&ng qua Hi8n phap cua nuac Cong hoa X a

hoi Chu nghTa Viet N a m

- 15 den 18/12/1986: Dai hoi dai b i l u toan quoc Ian thu V I cua Dang Cong san

Viet N a m , la " D a i hoi m o dfiu" eong euge doi moi dat nuoc di len Chii nghTa Xa

hgi"

- 24 den 27/6/1991: Dai hgi dai biSu toan quoc Ian t h u V I I cua Dang Cong San

V i e t N a m , la " D a i hgi tiep tuc eong cuoc doi m o i dat nuac di len Chu nghTa X a

hgi" Dai hgi thong qua "Cuong ITnh xay dung dat nuac trong thai ky qua do len

chii nghTa xa h g i "

- 28/7/1995: N u a c Cong hoa Xa hgi Chu nghTa Viet Nam gia nhap Hiep hgi cac

nuac D o n g N a m A ( A S E A N ) la thanh vien t h u 7 cua A S E A N

1 N h u n g t h a n h t u u c h i i yeu t r o n g eong cuoc xay d u n g c h u nghTa xa h o i if Lien

X 6 t i r sau C h i e n t r a n h the g i o i t h i i ' hai den giira n h i i n g n a m 1970

a Tinh hinh Lien Xo sau Cliien tranli tlie gi&i tliii- liai

- Sau Chien tranh the gioi thu hai v o i t u the ciia nguai chien thang, uy t i n chinh tri va dia v i quoc te ci'ia Lien X o dugc nang cao

- T u y nhien chien tranh da tan pha dat nuoc v o i nhUng ton that nang ne, to Ian: + 20 trieu nguai chet

+ 1710 Thanh pho va han 70.000 lang mac bj tieu huy, gan 32.000 nha may,

x i nghiep bj tan pha

+ D a i song gap nhieu kho khan, thieu thon

- Them vao do, cac nuac phuong Tay (do MT cam dau) da thirc hien chinh sach thu djch v o i Lien X o : Tien hanh "chien tranh lanh", rao riet chay dua vu trang va bao vay kinh te nham ehuan bi chien tranh tong lire de tieu diet Lien X o va cac nuac xa hoi chu nghTa

- Ngoai ra Lien X o eon phai lam nghTa vu giup d a cac nuac xa hgi chu nghTa

va ling hg phong trao giai phong dan toe tren the g i o i

b Nlnmg titanit tuu cliiiyeu trong eong cuoc xay dirng cliu nghTa xa hoi

- De dua dat nuac vugt qua kho khan, nhan dan Lien X 6 da khan t r u o n g tien hanh han gan vet thuong chien tranh, xay dung lai dat nuac, hoan thanh thang Igi

ke hoach 5 nam khoi phuc kinh te ( 1 9 4 6 - 1950) trong v 6 n g 4 nam 3 thang

- T u nam 1950 Lien X o thue hien nhieu ke hoach dai han nham tiep tuc xay dung ca so vat chat - ky thuat cua chii nghTa xa hg i va da thu dugc nhieu thanh tuu

to Ian

- Ve eong nghiep: den giua nhung nam 1970 Lien X o t r a thanh c u o n g quoc

eong nghiep dung t h u hai tren the giai (sau MT) chiem khoang 2 0 % tong san lugng eong nghiep the g i o i

- Vi nong nghiep: rieng 1970 Lien X o dat dugc san l u g n g va nang suat ngu coc

ehua tirng c6 v o i 186 trieu tan ngu coc va nang suat trung binh 15,6 ta/hecta

- Ve khoa hoc - ky thugt: Lien X o dat nhiSu dinh cao a cac ITnh v y c vat ly, hoa

hge, dien t u , dieu khien hgc, khoa hgc vu t r u N a m 1957 la nuoc dau tien phong

!ianh eong ve tinh nhan tao cua Trai Dat, m a dau ky nguyen chinh phyc vu try cua loai nguai N a m 1960 dua nha du hanh vQ tru Gagarin bay vong quanh Trai Dat

- Lien X 6 dung dau the g i a i ve trinh do hoc van ciia nhan dan v a i VA dan so c6

trinh dp D a i hoc va Trurig hoc, tren 30 trieii nguoi lam viec t r i 6c, cong nhan chiem

han V2 so ngirai lao dong trong ca niioc

- Dau nam 1970, bang viec k i ket voi MT cac Hiep iroc ve han che he thSng

phong chong tSn lira va ve mot so bien phap nham han che vCi k h i tien cong chi^n

luge Lien X 6 da dat duoc the can bang chien luge ve sue manh quan su noi chung

va sOrc manh lire lugng hat nhan noi rieng voi cac nucVcphuong Tay

2 T i n h hinh chinh tri va chinh sach doi ngoai cua Lien X d

a Tilth hinh chinh tri

- Khoang 30 nam sau chien tranh, tinh hinh chinh trj d Lien X 6 on djnh

- Trong ducmg l o i xay dung chii nghTa xa hoi, ben canh nhung thanh tich to Ion,

cac nha lanh dao X 6 viet van mac nhung sai lam: chii quan, nong v o i , thuc hien che

dp nha nuac bao cap ve kinh te, thieu dan chu, thieu cong bang va chua nhan dao

N h u n g thieu sot va sai lam nay it nhieu da dugc phat hien va k i p t h a i sua chua V i

vay, cong cuoc xay dirng chu nghTa xa hpi a Lien X 6 trong thai gian nay van phat

trien, mure song cua nhan dan dugc nang cao

b Chinh sdch doi ngoai

- Thirc hien chinh sach d6i ngoai hoa binh va tich cue iing hp each mang the

g i a i , ung hp sir nghiep dau tranh v i doc lap dan toe, dan chii va tien bp xa hpi

- Lien X 6 dugc coi la thanh tri cua hoa binh the g i a i va cho dua ciia phong trao

each mang the g i a i

I I C A C NUOfC D O N G A U

1 C a c niro'c dan chu Dong A u thanh lap

- N h u n g nam 1944-1945, khi Hong quan Lien X 6 tien quan vao truy kich quan

dpi phat x i t Due a Dong A u , nhan dan va cac luc lugng v i i trang cac niroc Dong

A u da phoi hgp v o i Hong quan Lien X 6 tieu diet bpn phat x i t , gianh chinh quyen,

thanh lap cac nuac dan chu nhan dan D o n g A u

- Sir ra d a i cua cac nuac dan chu nhan dan D o n g A u la mot bien doi to Ion cua

cue dien chau A u sau Chien tranh the giai thu hai

- T u y da thanh lap nha nuac dan chu nhan dan, nhung chinh quyen mai van la

chinh quy^n lien hiep cua nhieu giai cap, tang lap trong xa hpi

- N h u n g nam 1947-1948, cac dang t u san nhieu nuoc Dong A u , dugc su ho t r g

ciia cac the lire chong doi trong va ngoai nuac da thiic hien nhieu am muu nham

gianh lai chinh quyen, ke ca dao chinh lat do

- N h a su giup d a ciia Lien X 6 , giai cap v6 san va nhan dan lao dpng cac nuac

D o n g A u da danh bai m p i boat dpng phan each mang, thiet lap chuyen chinh v6

san, thuc hien nhung cai each dan chii

- NhiJng nam 1948-1949, cac nuac Dong A u Ian lupt hoan thanh each mang

dan chii nhan dan va buac vao t h a i k i xay dung chii nghTa xa hpi

2 C a c nuofc Dong A u xay dung chii nghia xa hoi

- T u nam 1950 den nam 1975, nhan dan cac nuac Dong A u da tien hanh xay dung

ca sa vat chat - kT thuat ciia chii nghTa xa hpi trong dieu kien kho khan, phuc tap

216

- Dirge su ho t r g ciia Lien X 6 va su no lire ciia nhan ((an trong nircfc, cong cuoc

xay dung chii nghTa xa hpi a cac nuac Dong A u ft? d?; dupe nhfrng thanh tiru to Ion, bp mat dSt nuac ngay cang thay doi, moi am muu chong pha bi dap ttt

- CCing v o i nhung thanh tuu, cong cuoc xay dung C N X H a D o n g A u da pham mgt s6 thidu sot va sai lam lam giam long tin ciia nhan dan

I I I T I N H H I N H X A Y DinVG C H U N G H I A X A H O I 6 L I E N X 6 V A C A C

N l T d C D O N G A U ( t i r n u a sau n h u n g n a m 1970 den 1991)

1 L i e n X 6 l a m vao t i n h t r a n g " t r i t r e " va cong cuoc cai t6 ,

a Tinh trang "tri tre"

N a m 1973 cuoc khung hoang dau mo nghiem trgng da no ra k h a i dau cuoc khiing hoang chung ciia toan the giai tren nhieu mat: kinh te, chinh t r i , tai chinh dat ra cho nhan loai nhieu van de cap thiet can giai quyet:

+ Su bung no dan so va hiem hoa voi can dan cac nguon tai nguyen thien nhien + Su phat trien manh me ciia cuoc Cach mang khoa hgc ky thuat, doi hoi cac quoc gia phai c6 nhung dieu chinh Ion ve mpi mat de thieh I'rng vai tinh hinh, su

giao l u u , hgp tac quoc te ngay cang phat trien theo xu huong quoc te hoa cao Song nhung nguai lanh dao Dang va Nha nuoc Lien X 6 chii quan cho rang: quan he san xuat xa hoi chu nghTa khong chjii su tac dpng ciia cuoc khiing hoang toan the g i a i , do do chain thieh ung, cham siia doi Tren thuc te mo hinh va co che

eu cua chu nghTa xa hpi ve kinh te, chinh tri, xa hpi dugc hinh thanh truac do von

da tich tu nhung thieu sot va sai lam nen khong phii hop va can t r a su phat trien ciia xa hpi X 6 viet M a t khac, ciing vai ca che tap trung quan lieu bao cap la tinh trang thieu dan chii, thieu cong bSng, v i pham nghiem trgng phap che xa hpi chu nghTa va nhieu te nan khac da gay nen su bat man trong nhan dan, dat nuac lam vao tinh trang "'tri tre" keo dai, luong thuc thiic pham phai nhap tir cac iiuac phuang Tay D o i song nhan dan ngay cang giam siit

b Cong cuoc cai to

Dau 1985 Goocbachop len nam quyen lanh dao Dang va Nha nuac Lien X 6 da tien hanh cong cuoc cai to

- Cuoc cai to dugc tien hanh tren cac mat chinh t r i , xa hoi nhu: thiet lap che dp tong thong tap trung nam mpi quyen luc, thuc hien da nguyen, da dang ve chinh t r j ,

de cao dan chii va cong khai ve kinh te: Chinh phii Lien X 6 dua ra nhieu phuang

an nham chuyen bien nen kinh te X 6 viet sang co' che thj truang nhung chua thuc hien dugc g i , trong k h i do quan he kinh te cQ bj pha v a ma cac quan he kinh te m a i chua hinh thanh

- T r o n g gan 6 thang tien hanh, cong cuoc cai to ngay cang kin sau vao be tac do vap phai nhieu kho khan, tra ngai: Sir suy sup ve kinh te keo theo nhung kho khan

ve chinh trj va nhung te nan xa hpi, mau thuan va xung dot giiia cac dan tgc dan den hien t u p n g l i khai cua mot so nuoc cpng hoa ra khoi Lien bang X 6 viet: Litva,

Estonia, Latvia; sir chia re va hinh thanh cac phe phai trong noi bp Dang cong san

Lien X 6 cung sir xuat hien mot loat dang phai vai nhieu xu huong chinh trj khac nhau trong xa h p i ; su ngoc dau day ciia cac the luc chong chii nghTa xa hoi

Tat ca da dat 6k nuac X 6 viet truoc nhung kho khan va t h u thach nghiem

trpng, dac biet vao dau thap nien 90