Teaching Conditional sentences

Tài liệu được thiết kế dưới dạng giáo án dạy mảng ngữ pháp Câu điều kiện Trang bị kiến thức chi tiết, cụ thể về các loại câu điều kiện, phục vụ cho việc dạy và học. Có bài tập thực hành, ví dụ sinh động, giúp người học nắm vững kiến thức

CHAPTER 1 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

lượng

Ghi chú

I Các loại

câu điều kiện

1 Type 0 (câu điều kiện hiển nhiên)

CT: If + S+ V(HTĐ), S + V(HTĐ)

If clause Main clause

Eg If you heat the water, it boils

If you are wrong, I am right

2 Type 1 (Câu điều kiện có khả năng xảy ra

ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)  real CT: If + S + V(HTĐ, HTHT, HTHTTD), S+ will/shall/can/may+ V

Eg If I see her, I will give her a gift

If you have finished your homework, you can go home

3 Type 2 (Câu điều kiện không có khả năng

xảy ra ở hiện tại, tương lai)  unreal CT: If + S + V (QKĐ, QKTD), S+ would /could/should/might + V

Eg If I were a superman, I would save the world

If you were wearing a seatbelt, you might not be injured

4 Type 3 (Diễn tả điều kiện không có thật

trong quá khứ, không có khả năng xảy ra) CT: If + S+ had + PII, S + would/ could/

should/ might +have+ PII

Eg If I had seen you yesterday, I would have told you the truth

20’ Mỗi cấu trúc, gọi 2-3

sinh viên lấy ví dụ

5 Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (Diễn tả điều kiện

không có thật trong quá khứ, để lại kết quả không có thật ở hiện tại

CT: If + S+ had + PII, S + would/ could/

should/ might + V

Eg If I had taken the flight last week, I would die now

6 Trường hợp đặc biệt

Ta cũng sử dụng câu mệnh lệnh trong câu điều kiện

If + S + V(HTĐ), câu mệnh lệnh

Eg If you feel hot, turn on the fan

II Luyện tập

1

III Các

trường hợp

đặc biệt

1 Unless /ənˈles/: Trừ khi/ nếu không = If not

Eg If you don’t hurry, you will miss the train

 Unless you hurry, you will miss the train

2 Các cụm từ có thể thay thế If trong mệnh

đề điều kiện

- In case: Phòng khi

- So long as/ As long as/ Provied/

Providing: Miễn là

- Suppose/ Supposing: Giả sử

- Even if: Cho dù là

Eg In case it rains, you should take an umbrella

As long as you obey me, I will give you what I have

Suppose you found a million dollars, what

20’ Game  kiểm tra

mức độ hiểu bài của sinh viên bằng một trò chơi nhỏ Ở đây, sinh viên sẽ luyện tập đặt câu với cấu trúc

đã cho

would you do?

3 Cấu trúc khác

a But for (Nếu không vì) But for + N/ V-ing, S+ would+ V/ S+

would + have + PII

Eg But for your help, we would have died

b If it weren’t for +N, S+ would + V (Nếu không vì)

Eg If it weren’t been for his money, I would get him away

c If it hadn’t been for, S+ would +have+

PII

Eg If it hadn’t been for the rain, he could have gone out

d Without + N, S +would + V

Eg Without the air, we would die

IV Luyên tập

2

Bài tập viết lại câu 10’ Giúp sinh viên vận

dụng cấu trúc đã học,

sử dụng nhuần nhuyễn hơn

V Cấu trúc

đảo của câu

điều kiện

1 Câu điều kiện loại 1.

- Thay If = Should

Eg If you hurry, you will catch the train

 Should you hurry, you will catch the train

2 Câu điều kiện loại 2.

- TH1: Trong câu là To be (were) Thay If= To be (were) đảo lên đầu câu

Eg If I were you, I would buy a big car

 Were I you, I would buy a big car

- TH2: Trong câu là động từ thường

15’

CT: Were + S+ to V, S+ would/ could + V

Eg If you saved money, you could buy many things

 Were you to save money, you could buy many things

3 Câu điều kiện loại 3

Thay If= Had đảo lên đầu câu

Eg If you had come here, you would have seen them

 Had you come here, you would have seen them

VI Luyện tập

3

viết lại câu theo cấu trúc đảo

VII Luyện

tập chung

học trong bài

Bài tập trắc nghiệm giúp học viên luyện phản xạ nhanh khi gặp câu điều kiện Đặc biệt, dạng bài tập này giúp học viên làm quen với dạng bài thi TOEIC Part 5 (Incomplete

sentences)

PHỤ LỤC Luyện tập 1

1) If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) plenty of time

2) Lisa would find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge

3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (to feed) the animals 4) If you spoke louder, your classmates (to understand) you

5) Dan (to arrive) safe if he drove slowly

6) You (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework

7) If you (to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold

8) The door will unlock if you (to press) the green button

9) If Mel (to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions

10) I (to call) the office if I was/were you

Luyện tập 2

1/ We won’t go out unless it stops raining (If)

-

2/ I will call the police if you don’t give back my bicycle (Unless)

-

3/ If Tuan hadn’t helped us, we would have lost this game (But for)

-

4/ If we had more rain, our crops would be better ( Provided that)

-

5/ If we hadn’t had more rain, our crops would get worse (If it hadn’t been for…)

-

Luyện tập 3: Viết lại câu theo cấu trúc đảo của câu điều kiện

1/ If you go to Paris, where you will you stay?

-

2/ If you don’t listen to me, you will be cheated by that ‘Lady killer’

-

3/ If I were/was tall enough, I would join the basketball team

-

4/ If you spoke English naturally, they’d understand you

-

5/ If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car

-

6/ If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the movies.

-

Luyện tập chung

1 I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house

A hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't

2 If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work

A wouldn't have been B would have been

C wouldn’t be D would be

3 If I _, I would express my feelings

A were asked B would ask

C had been asked D asked

4 If _ as I told her, she would have succeeded

A she has done B she had done

5 Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary?

A stole B have stolen C were to steal D steal

6 You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her

A would have been / hadn't lied B would be / didn't lie

C will be / don't lie D would be / hadn't lied

7 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business

A would invest B invested C had invested D invests

8 She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _ her to

A wouldn’t advise B won't advise

C hadn't advised D didn't advise

9 If the tree hadn't been so high, he _ it up to take his kite down

A could have climbed B climb

10 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down

A climbed B could climb C is climbing D climb

11 If I _ her phone number, I _ her last night

A had known / could have phoned B knew / would have phoned

C know / can phone D knew / could phone

12 If he the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him

A tells B told C had told D would tell

13 If you press that button what _?

A would happen B would have happened

C will happen D happen

14 She says if she _ that the traffic lights were red she _

A had realized / would stop B realized / could have stopped

C has realized / stopped D had realized / would have stopped

15 I am very thin I think, if I _ smoking, I might get fat

A stop B had stopped C will stop D stopped

16 If I _ that yesterday, I _ them

A had discovered / would inform

B had discovered / would have informed

C had discovered / could inform

D discovered / can inform

17 If you _ to the course regularly, they a certificate last year

C had gone / would have given D went / would give

18 I think he is not at home If he _ in, he the phone

A was / answered B were / would answer

C were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered

19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum

A were B had been C have beenD would be

20 If Columbus _ money from Queen Isabella, he _ across the Atlantic

A do not receive / could not sail

B had not received / might not have sailed

C did not receive / might not have sailed

D would not receive / might not sail

21 If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _ more good-looking.

A will be B would be C would have beenD can be

22 If your hair _ grey now, what you ?

A went / would / do B goes / would /do

C had gone / would/do D had gone / would have / done

23 If you be someone, who you ?

A could / would / have been B could / would / be

C can / will / be D are able to / will / be

24 If I an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children

A am B have been C were D had been

25 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business

A would invest B invested C had invested D invests