CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) TYPE 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

V1(s /es)

If + S + don’t / doesn’t + V1

will / shall / can + V1

S + won’t / can’t / shan’t + V1 EX: If I save enough money, I will buy a new car.

TYPE 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

V2/-ed

If + S + didn’t + V1

could / would/ should + V1

S + couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + V1 EX: If I were you, I would tell the truth.

TYPE 3: điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ

had + V3/-ed

If + S +

hadn’t + V3 /-ed

could / would/ should + have + V3/-ed

S + couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + have + V3/-ed

EX: If I had arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat.

- Note: Ta có thể lược bỏ "If" đi nhưng phải đảo ngữ

EX: Had I arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat.

- Unless = If … not

- Đổi từ if sang unless:

Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)

Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster

Unless

If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam

Unless

- Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause

- If you don’t + V1, Clause

- If you aren’t + …, Clause

Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself If

Go away or I will call the police If

- NỐI 2 CÂU ĐƠN DÙNG “ IF”

- Note:

+ Diễn tả 1 hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai → loại 1

+ Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại (động từ ở hiện tại) → loại 2

+ Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ (động từ ở quá khứ) → loại 3

EX: Hurry up or you will be late.

→ If you don’t hurry, you will be late.

EX: She doesn’t have a car She doesn’t go out in the evening.

→ If she had a car, she would go out in the evening

EX: We cancelled the meeting because Peter didn’t come.

→ If Peter had come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting

→ Had Peter come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting

EXERCISE:

1 If people were a little more tolerant

A our world would have been a better place

B our world would be a better place

C our world will be a better place

2 If there were no wars………

A our world would have been a better place

B our world would be a better place

C our world will be a better place

3 If the ozone layer peels off a little more we

A we ran a much higher risk of attracting skin cancer

B would run a much higher risk of attracting skin cancer

C will run a much higher risk of attracting skin cancer

4 I would never feel comfortable on a plane if

A I know it's the pilot's maiden trip

B I knew it's the pilot's maiden trip

C I would know that it's the pilot's maiden trip

5 A dog will never bite you if

A you will look it straight in the eyes, I'm told

B you look it straight in the eyes, I'm told

C you looked it straight in the eyes, I'm told

5 A dog will never bite you if

A you will look it straight in the eyes, I'm told

B you look it straight in the eyes, I'm told

C you looked it straight in the eyes, I'm told

6 A dog will never bite you if

A you will look it straight in the eyes, I'm told

B you look it straight in the eyes, I'm told

C you looked it straight in the eyes, I'm told

7 If John hadn't responded in such an aggressive manner he

A would never have a black eye

B won't have a black eye

C would never have had a black

Exercises Supply correct form of the verbs in parentheses

1 What you (do) -if I hadn’t lend you the money?

2 If you had asked me for ticket, I (get) - you some tickets

3 I (not marry) -him If I had known what he was like

4 I wouldn’t have hired a car if I (know) - how expensive it was

5 If we (go) -to the cinema earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the start of the film

6 If I had been born a year earlier, I (have) -to do military service

7 If you (ask) -me , I would have lend you my car

8 If I had gone to university, I (get) - a better job

9 I (not go) -out yesterday , If you had asked me not to

10 I could have given you a lift if my car (not break) - down

11 I (not go) - to Britain if I had known what was going to happen

12 I would have stay longer if he( want) -me to

13 I (not come) -to this school if I had known it was like

14 We would have gone to his party if we (be) -able to find a baby – sister.

15 I (visit ) -you in the hospital if I had known you were there

Exercises 3 : Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses

1.I might have enough time tonight

→ If I (have) - enough time, I (write) -a letter to my cousin

2 The weather is terrible today

→ If the weather (be) - good, I (go) -for a five - mile - walk

3 Mary didn’t come to my party last week

→ If she (come) - to my party, she (meet) - my friends

4 Snow is predicted for tomorrow

→ If it (snow) -tomorrow, I( stay) -at home

5 Jack didn’t study for the test

→ If he( study) -, he( pass) -it

6 Air plane tickets are expensive

→ If they( be) -cheap, I (fly) - to Ho Chi Minh city for weekend

7 May be the weather will be nice tomorrow

→ If the weather( be) -nice, I( go) - for a long walk

8 Unfortunately, I don’t have enough money

→ If I( have) -enough money, I( buy) - a ticket to the rock concert

9 I didn’t know it was your birthday yesterday

→ If I( know) -it was your birthday yesterday I (get) - you a present

10 I’m tired

→ If I (be not) - tired, I( help) -you

 Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:

1. Hurry up or we will be late for the last bus

 If

2. It was very cold yesterday, so we couldn’t go swimming

 If

3. He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night

 If

4. Ellen didn’t have much money in the bank, so she was very worried

 If

5. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson

 Unless

6. She can’t buy the dictionary because she doesn’t have enough money

 If

 Exercise: Choose the best answer:

1. If Jake - to go on the trip, would you have gone?

A doesn’t agree B didn’t agree C hadn’t agreed D wouldn’t agree

2. If energy - inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different

3. Unless you - all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you

A answered B answer C would answer D are answering

4. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I - it

A hadn’t believed B don’t believe C can’t believe D would never have believed

5. - interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it

6. If I had enough money, -

A I will buy that house B I am buy that house

C I can buy that house D I could buy that house

7. Had I had time, I - to the beach with you this weekend.

A will come B would come C will have come D would have come

8. If he - that she was in the hospital, he - to see her

C had known/ would have come D has known/will have come

9. If everything is all right, we - our work on time

A complete B are completing C have completed D will complete

10.If I were you, I would work hard

A You would rather not work so hard B You should work harder

C You should work with me D Do not work so hard

11.We didn’t visit the museum because we had no time

A If we have time, we will visit the museum

C If we had had time, we would have visited the museum

B If we had time, we would visit the museum

D If we had had time, we will have visited the museum

12. - I have time, I will go with you

13. - harder, you would have passed the exam

A If you studied B If had you studied C Had you studied D Were you studied

14.If the police hadn’t saved me, I - at that time

A will die B would die C will have died D would have died

15. - at 4 o’clock, we would have missed seeing Bob

A If we had gone B Had we gone C because we had gone D A and B

5 Wish Sentences:

+ Qui tắc:

- Thay đổi thì: Hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn.

Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành

Tương lai đơn -> Would / Could

- Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu ban đầu: Phủ định Khẳng định.

- Bỏ “I’m sorry” hoặc “What a pity” ( nếu có).

EX:

 Present wish:

a- I’m sorry I don’t get good marks

 I wish

b- What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me

 I wish

c- I’m bad at English

 I wish

 Past wish:

a- What a pity my girl friend didn’t go to my birthday party

 I wish

b- Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job

 Nam now wishes that

 Future wish:

a- I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently

 I wish

b- My sister won’t come here

 I wish

EXERCISE

I. IF -> UNLESS:

1. If he doesn’t take more care, he’ll have an accident

-> Unless ………

2. The crops will be ruined if it doesn’t rain soon

-> Unless

………

3. Unless the weather is fine, we’ll stay at home

-> If ………

4. I can’t go with you unless I get my work finished

-> If

………

5. If you don’t leave on the 15th , you’ll get home late for your mother’s party

-> Unless

………

6. Tom never does anything unless his father tells him what to do

-> If

………

7. Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it

-> Unless

………

8. If she does nothing to prepare for the test, she will get bad marks

-> Unless

………

9. You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa

-> If

………

10. Unless you remember our address, you can find it in the phone book

-> If

………

II Vo … + O or S + WILL + Vo -> IF YOU + DON’T Vo … , S + WILL + Vo

-> UNLESS YOU + Vo … , S + WILL + Vo

1. Do your exercises or you will fail the exam

 If

 Unless

2. Save some money or you won’t able to buy the house

 If

3. Behave yourself or your parents will be very unhappy

 Unless

4. Do it carefully or you’ll feel sorry afterwards.

 If

5. Ask him first or he won’t offer to help

 If

6. Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision

 Unless

7. Be careful or you’ll cut yourself with that knife

 If

III FACT IN THE PRESENT - > IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 2)

1. My brother doesn’t buy that car because he doesn’t have enough money

………

2. We don’t go out because it rains

If………

………

3. I don’t know his address, so I can’t contact him

If………

………

4. It’s too cold so we can’t go swimming

If………

………

5. The exercises are very difficult so I can’t finish in fifteen minutes

If………

………

6. She can’t go to the meeting because she is busy

If………

………

7. Because I don’t meet her, I don’t give her your letter

If………

………

8. They are too slow, they can’t win the mach

If………

………

9. She is too weak, she can’t take any exercise

If………

………

10. People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly

If………

………

IV FACT IN THE PAST -> IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 3)

1. I didn’t watch T.V last night because I was busy

-> If

………

………

2. I didn’t see the signal,so I didn’t stop

-> If

………

………

3. We got lost because we didn’t have a map

-> If

………

………

4. We stayed up late last night and we were so tired

-> If

………

………

5. He wasn’t able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam

-> If

………

………

6. One of the reason I didn’t phone you was that I was very busy

-> If

………

………

7. Unfortunately, I didn’t have an umbrella and so I got wet in the rain

-> If

………

………

8. Peter was very nervous and failed the driving test

-> If

………

………

9. I didn’t take a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me

-> If

………

………

10. Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country

-> If

………

………

1. I’m sorry I don’t have much money

 I wish

2. What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night

 I wish

3. What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me

I wish

4. I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently

 I wish

5. My friends don’t take part in the game

 I wish

6. I’m sorry I get bad marks

 I wish

7. What a pity the weather isn’t find today

 I wish

8. What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night

 I wish

9. I haven’t enough money to buy this book

 I wish

10. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon

 I wish

11. I live in a big city, but I don’t like it

 I wish

12. I can’t take the trip to Hanoi with her next summer

 I wish

13. Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week

 I wish

14. I’m sorry I didn’t finish my homework

 I wish

15. Tom bought the second- hand car

 I wish

16. She won’t come with me

 I wish

17. Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job

18.  Nam wishes

19. I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell the truth

20.  I wish you had given

21. He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party

 I wish

22. Daisy didn’t go swimming with me

 I wish

VI Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.

1. If the earth suddenly (stop) ………… spinning we all (fly) ………… off it

2. If you (smoke) ……… in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers (object) …………

3. (your parents / not / be) ……… proud if they could see you now?

4. I’m broke, but I (have) ………… plenty of money now if I (not / spend) ………… so much yesterday

5. If we (work) ………all right, we (finish) ………in time; but we have no intention of doing it

6. If we (have) ……… a submarine now, we (use) …………it to investigate the seabed

7. Were he ten years younger, he (take) ……… part in the voyage around the world

8. Should you come late, they (not let) ……… you in

9. He might get rid of his cough if he (not smoke) ………so much

10.If someone (give) ……….you a boat what you (do) ……… ?

11.Water (freeze) ……… if the temperature falls below zero

12.I (warn) ………… you if I had seen you last week

13.He always says hello if he (see) ………… you

14.What would you do if he (resign) ……… tomorrow?

15.I wouldn’t have been so upset if Judy (write) ……… to me earlier

16.Shout if you (see) ………… anything unusually

17.The engine starts if you (turn) ……… this key

18.If he weren’t so bad-temperature, his wife (not leave) ……….him so soon after the marriage

19.What (you / say) ……….if I offered you a job?

20.The children always (get) ………….frightened if they watch horror films

21.If it (not be) _ for you, I would be late

22.I can’t help feeling sorry for the hungry children If only there (be) peace in the world

23.Were I to become president, my first act (be) to help the poor

24.If he (listen) _ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here

25.If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) tired now

26.I feel as if my head (be) _ on fire now, doctor

27.He always talks as though he (address) at a public meeting.

28.It was our fault to keep you waiting so long We (inform) _ you in advance

29.Had I known her address, I (go) _ to visit her

30.He looked frightened as if he (see) _ a ghost

31.I wish I (see) her off at the airport yesterday

32.Tom wishes he (have) _ enough money to buy a new car now

33.Mary wishes she (become) _ an astronaut someday

34.I wish I (have) a day off to visit his parents He hasn’t seen them for ages

35.He wishes he (not/buy) that old car

VII Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence

1 I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house

2 If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work

A wouldn't have been B would have been C wouldn’t be D would be

3 If I _, I would express my feelings

A were asked B would ask C had been asked D asked

4 If _ as I told her, she would have succeeded

5 Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary?

6 You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her

A would have been / hadn't lied B would be / didn't lie

C will be / don't lie D would be / hadn't lied

7 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business

8 She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _ her to

A wouldn’t advise B won't advise C hadn't advised D didn't advise

9 If the tree hadn't been so high, he _ it up to take his kite down

A could have climbed B climb C is climbing D climbed

10 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down

11 If I _ her phone number, I _ her last night

A had known / could have phoned B knew / would have phoned

12 If he the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him

13 If you press that button what _?

A would happen B would have happened C will happen D happen

14 She says if she _ that the traffic lights were red she _

A had realized / would stop B realized / could have stopped

C has realized / stopped D had realized / would have stopped

15 I am very thin I think, if I _ smoking, I might get fat

16 If I _ that yesterday, I _ them

A had discovered / would inform B had discovered / would have informed

C had discovered / could inform D discovered / can inform

17 If you _ to the course regularly, they a certificate last year

A go / gave B go / give C had gone / would have given D went / would give

18 I think he is not at home If he _ in, he the phone

C were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered

19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum.

20 If Columbus _ money from Queen Isabella, he _ across the Atlantic

A do not receive / could not sail B had not received / might not have sailed

C did not receive / might not have sailed D would not receive / might not sail

21 If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _ more good-looking

22 If your hair _ grey now, what you ?

A went / would / do B goes / would /do C had gone / would/do D had gone / would have / done

23 If you be someone, who you ?

A could / would / have been B could / would / be C can / will / be D are able to / will / be

24 If I an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children

25 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business

26 It if nobody had reminded them

A would have be forgot B would have been forgot

C would have forget D would have been forget

27 The car if somebody takes it there

A will be repaired B would be repaired C will been repaired D is repair

28 You to prison if you did that

A would be send B would have been sent C would be sent D were sent

29 You would study Italian if it _ here

A was teaching B were taught C would be taught D is taught

30 It _ if nobody reminded them

A was forgotten B would be forget C would be forgot D would forgot

31 The magazine _ by more people if it had better articles

A would be reading B would read C would be read D been read

32 The joke would not be funny if it _ into French

A were translated B is translated C was be translated D translated

33 A doctor _ if somebody falls ill

A will be cold for B will be called for C will call for D would be call for

34 Would she go if she _?

A were invited B was be invited C have been invited D be invited

35 He _ the death penalty if he were found guilty

A would be given B would be gave C would given D were given

36 Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb _ by the Nazus first

A had be produced B had produced C had been produced D would be produced

37 The room if it is not empty

A couldn’t be repainted B cannot be repainted C could be repainted D can be repainted

38 He _ the death penalty if he had been found guilty

A would has given B would has been given C would have given D would have been given

39 The cars _ if we had not done such a huge advertising campaign

A would not have been bought B would not have be bought

C would have been bought D would not had been bought

40 If I were a better conversationalist , _ to parties more often?

A I would be invited B I would have been invited

C would I be invited D would I have been invited

41.Kevin never seems to get tired I wish I _ his energy

42 If I him yesterday, I would have to come back tomorrow