Trong khi dd d thdn Ddng But Bdt hien v i n ltfu gid truyen thuyet va ttf lieu kha chi tiet ve viec Thien stf dtfdc sinh ra nhtf the' nao, cung nhtf he thd'ng di tich va tam thdc cua nha
Trang 1V E N O I S I N H C U A T H I E N S U T U T D A O H A N H
D 6 D A N H HUXN*
C u n g vdi Thien su" Minh Khong (the
he thd 9 dong Vo Ngdn Thong) (1)
va su1 Giac Hai (the he thd 10 dong Vo
Ngon thong), Thien stf Td Dao Hanh (?
1117) (2) la mot trong nhdng vi cao tang
the he thd 12 cua Thien phai Ty Ni Da Ltfu
Chi, cung la thien stf dtfdc biet deh kha
nhieu trong lich sd Phat giao trieu Ly
Thien stf Td Dao Hanh dtfdc cac sach chep
la mot vi cao tang co nhieu phdp thuat, ttf
lieu hien con cho biet ttfdng doi day du ve
than the va hanh trang cua ngai Td thud
thieu thdi deh que quan, gia dinh, qua
trinh tim dtfdng deh vdi chan tu, nhdng
mau thuan vdi stf Dai Dien, hay chuyen Td
Dao Hanh thac sinh lam con trai Sung
Hieh Hau V i du: "Xtfa, Dao Hanh ho Td,
ten la Lo, cha ten la Vinh theo hoc dao
Phat, lam chdc Dd sat ngach tang quan ddi
Ly, thtfdng deh chdi lang An Lang, la'y
ngtfdi con gai ho Tang ten la Loan, dtfng
nha d xdm Nam lang ay Nha d dtfdc kie'u
dat quy sinh ra dtfdc Td Dad Hanh cd khi
cd't tien phat, ldc cdn tre hay chdi bdi phdng
tdng, nhtfng cd chi ldn, each cd dong it
ngtfdi ltfdng biet Dao Hanh thtfdng hay ke't
ban vdi mdt nha nho ten la Phi Sinh, mdt
dao si ten la Le Toan Nghia va mdt ngtfdi
dan hat ten la Phan At, dem thi cham doc
sach, ngay thi danh cau, thdi sao, danh bac
lam vui, thtfdng bi cha mdng la do rdng rai
Mdt dem, cha len vao ddm trong budng, thay ben ngon den, sach vd la liet, Dao Hanh ngdi dtfa an ngu gat, tay van cam quyen sach Td day biet con cham hoc, cha khdng lay lam lo Sau Dao Hanh thi khoa Bach Lien, do thd nha't, nhtfng khdng chiu
ra lam quan'' (3) Cac sach Bai Viet sit ky
toan thii, Thien uyen tap anh ngu luc va Linh Nam chich qudi (4) deu cd ghi chep
ve hanh trang cua Thien stf Td Dao Hanh Song cd mdt van de ma sd sach xtfa va nhtfng cdng trinh nghien cdu da xua't b i n
gan day chtfa de cap tdi, dd la noi Thien sU
duqc sinh ra cu the d dau\ Hoae sd chep
qua tap trung vao lang Yen Lang - ndi gan vdi qua trinh trtfdng thanh, mdi trtfdng gia dinh va hdn nda Yen Lang cung la ndi cd chda Lang (Chieu thien ttf) thd ngai sau khi da tu dac dao, cung nhtf chua Thay (Thien phdc ttf), ndi ngai tron kie'p tu va hda tren hang ndi (cd hang thanh hda) Trong khi dd d thdn Ddng But (Bdt) hien
v i n ltfu gid truyen thuyet va ttf lieu kha chi tiet ve viec Thien stf dtfdc sinh ra nhtf the' nao, cung nhtf he thd'ng di tich va tam thdc cua nhan dan ve vide thd phung ngai d day, dd la chua thdn Ddng But (Thieh stf ttf) - dan lang quen goi la chua Thuyen stf Trong bai viet nay, dtfa tren nhdng ttf lieu chinh sd, ke't hdp vdi cac ngudn ttf lieu khio sat thtfc cha, dac biet la nhdng ttf lieu
* ThS Vien Sd hoc
Trang 2Ve noi sinh ciia Thien su 53
6 lang Dong But va khu viic phu can, chiing
toi muoh gop them t i i lieu ve cuoc ddi
Thien sii Td Dao Hanh
Neu co the ke mot diidng thang theo
hiidng Tay - Nam, lay Thang Long - Ha Ndi
lam he quy chieu, ket ndi cac diem di tich
tai mot so" lang, chdng ta se hinh thanh
nen mot khong gian sinh hoat van hoa phdt
giao vdi he tho'ng chda, cac sinh hoat le hoi
va nhdng truyen thuyet lich sd gan vdi
cudc ddi Thien sii Td Dao Hanh Diidng
thang] do, lay diem md dau la chda Lang
(nayHnudc phiidng Lang Thiidng qudn
Ddng Da Ha Ndi), di ra ngoai khu viic
Thang Long ke't ndi vdi cac chua nhu": Chua
Tong (xa La Phu huyen Hoai Ddc Ha
Ndi), chua Ca Trung Hung tU (thdn La
Phd xa La Phu huyen Hoai Ddc), chda
Thien Vu (thdn La Diidng xa Diidng Ndi
-huyen Hoai Ddc), chua Ngai Cau (thdn
Ngai Cau huyen Hoai Ddc) (5), chua Thay
(Thay) (xa Sai Sdn huyen Qudc Oai Ha
Ndi) va diem cudi cung cua diidng thing la
chua Ddng But Thien Su tU (thdn Ddng
But - xa Ngoc Liep huyen Quo'c Oai Ha
Ndi) Nhii vay, ve cd b i n cac ngdi chda neu
tren cd the hinh thanh nen ba khu viic ro
ret Net dac triing cua cic ngdi chua nay la
cd md hinh thd t i i kieu tien phdt, hdu
thdnh (6) So vdi cac chua khac d chau thd
Bac Bd, ddc biet la ben hdu ngan sdng
Hdng, sd' liidng cac chua thd tii kieu nay rd't
it, ngoai trd he thd'ng tiidng phdt diidc bai
tri nghiem trang trong khdng gian chda,
thi cdn cd cac vi thanh diidc thd vdi lai lich
cudc ddi khdng chi thuan tuy nhud'm mau
Phdt giao ma cdn pha mdt chdt cua Thien,
cua Mdt va Dao giao (phu chd va phdp
thuat) Nha nghien cdu Nguyen Qudc Tuan
khi so sanh Thien sii Td Dao Hanh vdi Ddc
thanh Bdi thd d chua Boi Khe (Dai bi td),
huyen Thanh Oai, Ha Noi da viet: "thdi Ly
da cd mot nhan vdt rd't quen thudc la Td
Dao Hanh, ngiidi diidc liet vao hang cac vi thien sii thudc phai Ty Ni Da Liiu Chi, song cung cd the liet dng vao hang ngu cac nha Mdt giao [ ] nhiing thay vi Ddc thanh Bdi la ke't hdp Phdt - Dao, thi d dng la ke't hdp Thien - Mdt - Dao" (7)
Ve mdi quan he gida chua Lang va chda Thiy, ngiidi xiia cd cau ca ring:
"Nhd ngdy miing 7 thdng 3 Trd vdo hdi Lang, trd ra hdi Thdy''
Cau ca tren cang khang dinh them md'i lien he va n h i n manh den diidng thang
khdng gian sinh hoat van hda Phdt gido gan vdi Thien sU Tii Dao Hanh nhu" chdng
tdi vda neu
Lang Ddng But xiia thudc xa Phuc Lap, tdng Lap Thiidng, huyen An (Yen) Sdn, phu Quo'c Oai, tra'n Sdn Tay (8), ngay nay lang thudc xa Ngoc Liep, huyen Qudc Oai Lang
cd ten Ndm la Ddng But, ve ten goi Ddng Phdt (Han) Ddng But (Ndm), theo chdng tdi nd mang dam d i u i n Phit giio, y nghia
n i y tim trong ten l i n g Viet cd truyen r i t it gap Xet theo quy luat bien i m cua ngdn ngd, cd nhieu dang thdc khac nhau, nhiing
trong dd cd cich bien i m td i m B sang i m
Ph (B Ph) (9) v i ngiidc lai, vi nhii ling Philng Xd (Hin) thanh ling Bung (Ndm)
hay lang Phu Xd (Hin) thanh ling Bua
(Ndm), day cung la mdt trong nhdng dang thdc hinh thanh va bien ddi cua ten lang Viet Trddng hdp ten l i n g Ddng But, sd
bien am doc chech td Phdt sang But hay
ngddc lai la sd bien i m hoan toan nhdng nghia khdng ddi, bing cich gid nguyen td
td dau (Ddng) va thay ddi td td' thd hai (Phit-But), trong do nghia cua td v i n dddc bio Idu Nhd vay, nhan dan ndi day da rat kheo ldo khi dat ten cho ling, cd le trong
t i m thdc ngddi d i n thdn Ddng But, Thien
sd Td Dao Hanh da ghi d i u an siu d i m trong lich sd khai hddng l i p lang - hdn the'
Trang 354 Rghien cuu Lich sir s6 3.2011 nda Til Dao Hanh cung la mot vi su1
tu hanh dac dao (10), nen ho da lay ten lang
minh la Dong But (hay Ddng Phat) de
ttfdng nhd deh Thien su"
Ngay nay, tai lang Ddng But nhan dan
van cdn liiu truyen cau chuyen ve ndi
Thien stf Td Dao Hanh da sinh ra Cach
lang Ddng But khong xa, khoang 500m ve
phia Tay Nam, co mdt khu dat cao goi la
Viidn Nd (11), tiidng truyen day la ndi Ddc
thanh Td Dao Hanh diidc sinh ra, truyen
ke rang: Mot dem nam ngu, ba Tang Thi
Loan mong thay mot chdm hoa sen do moc
d ben tay trai, rdi td do thu thai, Tang thi
mong thay sii la thudng ben di tim ndi linh
dja de sinh, Tang thi di tdi khu Viidn Nd
thudc thdn Ngoc Phdc, trdng thay chd dat
hay, sdn thuy hdu tinh, long tdng quy an,
nen lien sinh Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh d dd
(12) Ngay nay, dan gian goi do la Viidn Nd
Xiia kia, tai Viidn Nd cd mot ngdi mieu nhd
phung thd Td Dao Hanh, mieu dtfdc xay
theo hinh chudi vd, nhiing vao cudi nhdng
nam 80 (the' ky XX) chinh quyeh dja
phiidng xay tram xa xa, ngdi mieu da bi
pha Den nam 2005, do nhan thdc diidc gia
tri cua nhu cau tam linh, dan lang da phuc
diing lai ngdi mieu
Mieu thd ndi Ddc thanh sinh ra khdng
cdn nda, nhiing mot ndi cdn liiu gid kha
nhidu t i i lieu ve Thieh sii la chua lang
Ddng But ten chd la Thien Stf ttf [W W
TF], chda diidc khdi diing tren mot khu da't
cao gida lang (thuoc xdm Trong, vi lang cdn
cd xdm Ngoai), hiidng quay ve phia Tay
Nam nhin thang ra khu Viidn Nd, chua
diidc xay theo ldi kien true hinh chd cdng
Diia tren ldi kien true va phong each nghe
thuat cua cac cau kien, cho phep chung tdi
doan djnh chua diidc xay diing diidi trieh
hau Le, cdng vdi qua trinh xay diing, chua
cdn cd bia Phdp sU tU bi, nien dai tao diing
la Cdnh Tri that nien diidi trieu vua Le
Huyen Tdng nam thd 7 (1669), van bia khac ghi ten cua mot so vi hiing cdng tieh
va rudng vao chua trong qua trinh xay diing va tu sda Mac dd dau tich kien trdc
va di vat khdng cdn, nhtfng qua mot ngudn ttf lieu khac rat dang tin va cho phep gdi
md rang: chiia dUdc xdy dtfng tit thdi Trdn
Vi can cd vao ndi dung minh chudng khac diidi trieu vua Gia Long nam thd 18 (1820), (day la qua chudng due lai) cho biet: stf tich
d lang Ddng But, huyen Yen Sdn, phu Quo'c Oai cho hay Td thanh phu (tdc Td Vinh, cha cua Td Dao Hanh TG), sinh Td Dai Thanh (tdc Td Dao Hanh - TG) vu ban thdn (d trong thdn), cd dien thd ltfu dd, chia deu cho bdh giap lam rudng hiidng hda gid chap, viec thd ttf nay cd td thdi Tran Dai Tri nam thd 12 (1369) va da dtfdc khac vao hdng chung Nhiing do binh loan, chudng phai cat da'u xud'ng ao (triidc cda chda cd ao Sen), khi mang len danh khdng keu, ben due chudng khac, nen da ghi lai nguyen
van le cu va danh tinh cua nhdng bac hiing
cdng cdng ddc xay dtfng chda (13) Cung vdi chda Thay, chua Thien stf thdn Ddng But
la sd' it ngdi chda cd md hinh thd tieh phat hau thanh d huyen Quo'c Oai, ngoai viec thd phat d ben ngoai, trong hau cung vi thanh dtfdc thd la Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh Tai gian gida cua chua cd bdc dai ttf ghi
ba chd 1 t I Thdnh trung vtfdng va ddng lac khoan: mot ben ghi Hodng Bdo
Bai nhi nien ddi vua Bao Dai nam thd 2
(1927) va ben kia ghi: Bong van gidp (giap
Ddng) bai tieh Vdi bdc dai ttf nay, theo chung tdi y mud'n ndi Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh dau thai lam con phu nhan Sdng Hien Hau (14), vi trong con ngtfdi Ddc thanh cd mot phan cua vua va ngiidc lai Tii ndi dung bdc hoanh phi ndi tren, chdng
ta cang cd them cd sd de lien he tdi nhdng
Trang 4Ve noi sinh ciia Thien sir 55
dong sd chep nhu sau: "Do la ngay mdng 7
thang 3 nam Hoi Tudng Dai Khanh nam
thd 3 (1112), Dao Hanh td coi nat ban ve
coi ddi thac sinh lam con trai Sung Hien
Hdu, khdng can nuoi ma chong ldn, khong
can hoc ma thong sudt, ngddi dep va co tai
Vua Ly Nhan Tong dem vao trong cung
nuoi day, rdi lap lam hoang thai td Deh
khi Nhan Tong mat, thai td len ndi ngoi
tdc la vua Than Tong" (15), do vdy, thanh
da trung viidng
Dac biet hdn, trddc cda hau cung chua,
phia ben phai cdn treo bdc hoanh phi ghi
bdh chd S i l l (16) tit cd ddn thdnh
-tam dich Thdnh sinh ra la nen tdng cua
long tit bi, bdc hoanh phi nay khong co
ddng lac khoan ghi bang chd Han (17)
Xuat phat td viec Ddc thanh TU Dao Hanh
dUdc sinh ra tai ndi day va gdn lien vdi qua
trinh hinh thanh lang Ddng But, nen bdc
dai tU nay y mud'n ndi ve Ngudi Trong tam
thdc dan lang Ddng But cdn lUu truyen
rang, Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh da day dan
lang lam an, khai canh md rudng Ngay
nay, khu ddng Mai trUdc cda chua truyen
rang do NgUdi cung nhan dan khai pha,
ngUdi xUa goi do la khu Da Mai vdi dien
tich 72 mau Rudng d xd ddng Da Mai hay
cdn goi la rudng Sach sU, theo dan lang ke
lai rang, ruong nay dUdc chia deu cho bdh
giap trong lang cay cdy va phuc vu triic
tiep cho viec td chdc le hoi hang nam tai
chua ThUc te ngay nay cho thay, khu Da
Mai khong chi la xd ddng Mai trUdc cda
chda, ma d ven lang ve phia Tay - Bac cdn
cd cac xd ddng khac nhu: xd ddng Md Bung,
Md Chudm va Md Ngon, theo chung toi,
gida md va mai la mot each doc chech am
va cung nghia, vi nhu dia danh Hodng Mai
(Ha Noi) doc thanh Ke Md Trong sach Lich
sit Viet Nam tap I, khi viet ve ruong dat
dUdi trieu Ly co chep: "Van bia Phdt Tich
sdn Tit Dao Hanh phdp sit dien dia ke chi
(Ke chf ghi rudng da't cua Phap sU Td Dao Hanh ndi Phdt Tich) ddt d chua Thay (tdc chua Phdt Tich, huyen Qudc Oai) ghi ro so' ruong da't cua TU cd hai bo phan la: 30 dien
64 sao de lUu truyen cdng phdt va 63 dien
83 sao d dong Da Mai, hUdng Ba Ldp (Ba Lap Phuc Lap va cd the la khu Da Mai cua thon Ddng But TG) la cua rieng Td Dao Hanh Sau khi Td chet, thi sd ruong tren bi con chau cat chiem la'y, khong cho lUu thong" (18)
Ngay nay, tai thon Liep Mai cdng xa, van cd ddng ho Td sinh sd'ng, vdi sd' nhan khau khoang chdng hdn 200 ngUdi Trong qua trinh khao sat, mac du khdng tim thay gia pha, nhUng chung toi cho rang, co the
ho Td d day cd md'i quan he td xa xUa vdi thanh phu cua NgUdi la Tang quan Dd sat
Td Vinh va Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh hien dUdc thd d chua lang Ddng But chang? Hang nam, den ngay mdng 10 thang 3
Am lich, nhan dan lang Ddng But lai md hdi, te le, cac phe giap dUdc cat cd nhiem
vu ra trdng coi dinh chua cho dan lang va
lo cac cdng viec trong nhdng ngay le hdi Ngay mdng 8 trUdc dd, cd le muc due, nhdng ngudi tham gia le muc due phai dUdc liia chon can thdn, gia dinh khdng cd tang ma, cd nhan each dao ddc tdt lanh Deh tdi ngay mdng 9, cd le rUdc bai vi cua Ddc thanh, rddc td trong hdu cung ra ngoai tien dddng cua chda, qua trinh td chdc le hdi cung da thu hut dUdc ddng dao nhan dan cac lang phu can deh tham gia, nhieu nghi thdc te' thanh, le phdt tdi hdm dd cung dddc dien ra
Trddc day, vao nhdng khi lang md hdi chinh, thUdng cd te', rddc len Quan Thanh Quan Thanh la mdt di tich cd lien quan tdi
Td Dao Hanh Td lang Ddng But, nhin theo hudng Tay - Bdc ve phia chua Thay, Quan
Trang 556 Hghien ciru Lich sit, so' 3.2Q11 Thanh each lang Dong But khong xa,
khoang 1km diidng chim bay Truyen rang,
Quan Thanh la ndi nghi chan cua Ddc
thanh Td Dao Hanh tren diidng di td lang
Ddng But ra chua Thay Ndi day, ngay xiia
dan lang xay dQng trang nghien, xung
quanh cd tiidng bao va cdt ddng tru uy
nghi, cd hai day nha thd tii cdng te, thiidng
goi la quan tren va quan diidi Quan tren la
ndi thd chinh nen diidc xay theo loi kien
true bdh mai Sau nam 1954, quan tren da
bi gid lay nguyen vat lieu xay triidng hoc,
chi cdn lai duy nha't den ngay nay la quan
diidi, nhiing di tich nay hien dang bi mai
mot Td mot ngudn tu1 lieu chd Han trong
nhan dan, chdng toi da phat hien diidc mot
cuo'n sach (19), trong do co ghi noi dung cac
doi cau ddi viet tren cot ddng tru d Quan
Thanh Dang chu y la tren mat tien cua cot
ddng tru, co doi cau ddi noi dung noi ve viec
thd va hanh tich cua Thien su1 Td Dao
Hanh da tu d chda Sai Sdn (chua Thay),
cau ddi viet: Sdi Sdn thdnh hda thien thu
tai; Td thuy thdn cd van cd' truyen tam
dich: Sai Sdn Id ndi thdnh hda ngdn nam
nay vdn con; Sit tich tren ddng sdng Td
Lich mdi truyen ve sau (20) Tai Quan
Thanh, kieu diidc nidc td chda Thien Sii
len, tai day dan lang dang te vat pham, sau
khi cdng te xong lai nidc kieu td Quan
Thanh ve chda, di theo sau la xe chieng xe
trdhg, cd xi tung bay Nhdng nam gan day,
viec te riidc len Quan Thanh khong cdn
diidc thiic hien nda, mot phan vi Quan
Thanh da bi hii hdng, mat khac cung do
mot thdi ky cac hoat dong van hoa tam hnh
d dia phiidng khong diidc coi trong, do do
ma dan bi lang quen
Den sang ngay mdng 10 Am lich, bai vi
cua Thanh diidc riidc vao cung, sau dd dan
lang bat dau td chdc te yen vi, trong van te
cd nhac tdi viec Ddc thanh sinh ra tai ndi
day, van viet: Ddc thdnh Tit Dao Hanh can
sinh Ddng But thdn Cung vdi van te, hien
nay tai chua lang cdn liiu gid mdt cuo'n Sii
tich chua Thien Sit, trong do cd doan vie't: thdn tu luyen it Sai Sdn ddng [that] dan sinh Dong But chi hitdng Hdn the' nda,
treng tam thdc ngiidi dan lang Ddng But va quanh vung deu cho rang Ddng But la ndi can sinh va thd Ddc thanh Td Dae Hanh
Td lau, nhan dan hai lang Ddng But va Sai Sdn da cd tuc ket giao vdi nhau, khi le hdi d Ddng But td chdc, cac cu ngoai Sai Sdn deu cd mot le nhd mang vao de dang len Ddc thanh Do dd, trong dan gian van
truyen lai cau ca: Miing 7 hdi Thay, miing
10 hdi Sep nhd ngdy md di, hdi Sep y ndi
hdi chua Thien Sd (21)
Hien nay, trong cung chda Thien Sd van cdn tddng thd Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh dat trong kham d ben trai hau cung, dd la mot bdc tddng nhd, ngdi khoanh chan, tay dat len gd'i Cd y kien cho rang, vi Ddng But la ndi can sinh, nen tddng thd la tddng thdi nien thieu, so vdi Sai Sdn la ndi Ddc thanh
tu luyen thanh chinh qua, do dd ma tddng thd la dang vdc cua ngddi da tu dac dao trddng thanh (22)
Cung tai hau cung chua Thien Sd, phia ben p h i i cd ban thd than phu Tang quan
Dd sat Td Vinh va than m i u Tang Thi Loan cua Ddc thanh Td, trong dd cd ddi cau
dd'i: Linh tich vinh thuy ciiu chi; Anh thanh
triidng bd viem giao - tam dich: Truyen xiia liiu tai ddt nay; Tieng lanh truyen mai vi sau Vdi ddi cau dd'i nay, p h i n nao cho thay
da'u tich cua than phu va than mau da sinh thanh ra Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh tren minh da't lang Ddng But, va hdn nda nhdng truyen xda dd da dddc liiu truyen va nhan dan mai nh&c tdi ve sau
Trong van bia Hd phdp bi ky Idu tai
chua, cd nien dai Minh Menh nguyen nien (1820), mat trddc cd ndi dung ndi ve dao
Trang 6Vg noi sinh cua Thien su 57 phat, mat sau liet ke cac hiing cong hoi chu
trong hiidng noi deh khach thap phiidng da
thien tam gdi tien, ruong vao viec trung tu
chua Trong vdn bia co doan viet: Thdnh
van Tang quan Do sat Tit tinh Dqi Thien
stf, tru tri thuqng phung (23) - Co nghia la:
dau tich cua thanh Tang quan Do sat Dai
Thien sii ho Td da tru t r i chda nay van
diidc phung thd d tren Than the cua than
phu Ddc thanh Td cung diidc sd chep:
"Xiia, Dao Hanh ho Td, ten la Lo, cha ten
la Vinh theo hoc dao phat, lam chdc Do sat
ngach Tang quan ddi Ly" (24)
Tai toa tam bao, co mot doi cau doi viet
ve cai tam trong viec giac ngo dao phat, cau
doi cho biet: Qua khd phdt, hien tai phdt, vi
lai phdt, hd sa chtf phdt do tdm; Kien dinh
tdm, vd uy tdm, bd de tdm, gidc ngan duy
tdm ngd phdt tam dich: Phdt trong qua
khd, Phdt hien tai vd Phdt ttfcfng lai ciing
tdt cd gidi Phdt deu bat ngudn tit tdm; Tdm
vdng vdng, tdm bdt khudt, tdm thdng tue,
mudn gidc ngd chi cd tdm theo Phdt Nhd
da noi cl tren, Td Dao Hanh la mot vi cao
tang dac dao va hoa tren hang da nui Sai
Sdn, qua trinh tu tai ndi Phat Tich (ndi Sai
Sdn), ngai da doc dddc mddi van tam nghin
CHU THICH
(1) Ve Thien stf Minh Khong, vSn con nhieu
sach chep chtf a tho'ng nhat, trong Thanh Tii: Thiin
stf Viet Nam Tu vien chdn khong xua't ban, Sai
Gon, 1972, chep Thien stf Minh Khong thuoc the
he thtf 9 dong Vd Ngdn Thdng (tr 114, 119);
Nguyln Lang: Viet Nam phdt gido stf ludn, tap I ,
II, III Nxb Van hoc, Ha Noi, 2000, tr 114, chep:
Thien stf Minh Khdng thuoc thehg thtf 13 ddng Ty
Ni Da Luu Chi Trong bai viet nay, chung tdi theo
sach Thien stf Viet Nam, sdd
(2) Ve nam sinh Dtfc thanh Ttf Dao Hanh chua
dUOc biet til khi nao, nhUng nam ma't thi cd nhieu
ldn cau kinh phat Dai-bi-da-la Do la chdng qua tron kie'p tu, doi cau doi tren vda viet
ve the' gi6i phdt, phap, tang dang toa vi tai tam bao cua chda, cung la noi ve Td Dao Hanh da kien djnh tam theo Phat ma thanh chinh qua Tue Trung Thddng si dd6i thdi Tran da de cao triet ly tu Phat la phai co tam kien djnh va ong noi tam cl trong Phat va Phat cung do tam, khi tam con thi Phat con, neu tam diet thi Phat cung diet, do cung la td duy bien chdng theo triet ly cua Thien vay
Chda Thien sd la mot ngoi chda cd Mnh Tdi nay, chung tdi van chda thay mdt cdng trinh nao khao cdu ve ngdi chua nay Dac biet hdn, day la mdt ngdi chda cd md hinh thd td kieu tien Phat hau thanh - Ddc thanh
Td Dao Hanh dddc thd trong chda nay Tim hieu trong chinh sd va mot sd' cdng trinh da xua't bin, chung tdi thay, hanh trang cua Td Dao Hanh van can dddc bd khuyet Do vay, dda vao nhdng ngudn td lieu chinh sd va td lieu thdc dja neu tren, chdng tdi mudn gdp them y kien ve ndi sinh cua Thien sd Td Dao Hanh va nhan manh rang lang Ddng But da bao Idu mdt trd lddng td lieu k h i tin cay ve sd sinh thanh cua Ngddi (25)
sach chep khac nhau, trong Nguyln Lang: Viet
Nam phdt gido stf luan, sdd, tr 114 chep nam ma't
la 1112; Thanh Ttf: Thien stf Viet Nam Sdd, tr 71, chep la nam 1115; Trong Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u
linh Nxb Van hoc, Ha Ndi, 1972, tr 147, chep la
nam 1112; Le Manh That; Thien uyen tap anh a'n
ban dien td (soan gia Kim Son, Le Manh That dich, Le Bic chuyen sang a'n ban didn td nam
2001), tr 116, chep la nam 1117; Bai Viet stf ky
todn thtf, tap 1 Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi,
1998, tr 287 chep la nam 1116; Vien Van hgc: Tha
van Ly - Trdn, tap 1 Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi,
Trang 758 Rghien cuoi Lich six, so" 3.2011
1977, tr 343 chep la 1117
(3) Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh Nxb Van
hoc, Ha Noi, 1972, tr 140, 141
(4) Chung ta co the tim hieu them ve hanh
trang cua Thien stf Ttf Dao Hanh qua cac sach:
Dqi Viet sd ky todn thii, tap 1 Sdd, tr 286, 287;
Vu Quynh, Kieu Phii: Llnh Nam chich qudi Nxb
Van hda - Vien Van hoc, Ha Ndi, 1960, tr 77 - 86;
Ly Te Xuyen: Vtef dien u linh Sdd, tr 140 - 149;
Thien uyen tap anh ngQ luc (til lieu Vien Svt hoe ky
hieu thu vien DVv 440), tr 97 102; Thanh Ttf:
Thien sit Viet Nam Sdd, tr 71 - 75; Nguyln Lang:
Viet Nam phdt gido sQ ludn, sdd, tr 132 - 134; va
trong Dang Van Tu, Nguyen Ta Nhi (chu bien):
Dia chi Ha Tay (tai ban cd sQa chiia) Sd Van hda
Thong tin Ha Tay, 2007, tr 632 - 639, sach Dia chi
Hd Tdy, phan ndi ve Ttf Dao Hanh, sach cd din tu
lieu Van chdu DQc thdnh, hien luu tai Thu vien
Vien Nghien cflu Han Nom, ky hieu: AE alO/13,
viet bang chii Nom theo the song tha't luc bat, vdi
182 cau nhung khong ndi tdi viec DUc thanh sinh
ra 3 nfli dau va nhu the nao
(5) Trong sach Viet dien u linh cd chep: "Dao
Hanh lai dtfng phep rut da't, tien ve phia trUdc, an
vao bui ram d xa Ngai Cau, thuoc huyen Ttf Liem,
hda minh lam con hd gam thet xong ra coi ra't ghe
so" xem Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh Nxb Van
hoc, Ha Ndi, 1972, tr 143 Day la mot chi tiet khi
Viet dien u linh viet ve truyen Ttf Dao Hanh cung
sU Giac Hai va su Minh Khdng tren dudng di hoc
phdp thuat ttf Tay Thien trd ve, cd le chinh vi
Thien sU Ttf Dao Hanh da ghi lai da'u a'n d vung
Ngai Cau (nay thuoc Hoai Dtfc - Ha Noi) nen nhan
dan da lap chua thd ngai
(6) Cac chtfa: Chua Td'ng, chua Ca, chua Thien
Vu, chua Ngai Cau nhu vtfa neu tren, ngoai thd
Thien su Ttf Dao Hanh cdn thd Thien stf Giac Hai
va Nguyen Minh Khdng Trong mot cdng trinh
nghien ctfu cua Nguyln Van Tien: Chua Thdy
(Thien Phuc tii) Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi,
2004, tr 191, trong khi thd'ng ke mot sd'kieu chtfa
tien phat hau thanh, khdng thay tac gia neu ten
chua Dong But, trong khi do chua nay cung la mdt ndi thd Thien sU Ttf Dao Hanh theo mo hinh tien phat hau thanh va cd md'i quan he dac biet vdi chiia Thay
(7) Nguyln Qudc Tua'n: Md hinh phdt - thdnh
qua chiia Bdi Khe - Dqi Bi (Ha Tdy), trong Tap chi
Nghien ctfu Tdn giao Ve ton gido vd ton gido d Viet
Nam Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2004, tr
376, 377
(8) Vien Nghien ctfu Han Nom: Ten lang xa
Viet Nam ddu the ky XLX thuoc cdc tinh tQ Nghe Tinh trd ra (cdc tong trdn xa danh bi lam) - Dtfdng
Thi The, Pham Thi Thoa dich va bien soan Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, 1981, tr 36 - 38
(9) Trong trUdng hdp nay, cd Giao sU Trin Qudc VUdng da cd each diln giai nhu sau: "Ve mat
ngii-am hpc-lich sii B (bd) - Ph (phd) la ttf Han am
chuyen sang Dudng am (kieu bueng/phdng,
buom/pham)", xem: Lang Bung Trang Bung (Vdi
ddng cdm nghi), trong Tran Qudc VUdng: Theo dong lich sQ nhQng vung ddt, thdn va tdm thQc ngtfdi Viet Nxb Van hda-Thong tin, Ha Noi, 1996,
tr 97
(10) Cac sach chinh sU deu chep truyen Thien
sU Ttf Dao Hanh cung sU Giac Hai, sU Minh Khong
di sang da't Tay Thien hoc dao, tren dUdng cd di qua nude Kim Xi (Kim Xi Man nUdc moi rang vang) thuoc vung Van Nam Trung Qudc ngay nay, khi trd ve TU Dae Hanh da tu dac dao va hda
d chua Thien Phuc nui Sai Sdn Cdn Giac Hai va Minh Khdng thi ve tu d chtfa Giao Thuy, xem Ly
Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh, sdd, tr 142-144
(11) Ngay nay, khu Vudn Nd thuoc thdn Ngoc Phuc cung xa vdi thdn Dong But
(12) Ben canh truyen thuyet dan gian truyen lai nhu vay, chung tdi con sUu tim dUdc mot cudn
tu lieu sao chep vao nam 1973 ttf nguon tu lieu chtf Han, noi dung cudn sach kha diy du, cd nhieu
chi tiet trung hdp vdi sach Viet dien u linh v& Linh
Nam chich qudi mk chung tdi da din trong bai Tu
lieu do dng Do Danh Hoang, ddi 5 thon Dong But cung cip
Trang 8Ve noi sinh eua Thien su
(13) Nguyen van chQ Han nhQ sau: & & H?,3c
i f f l , B I S t t f X 4 ! l 3 t l T * tt.W ffl
± s » p t - i ] , ^ 5> ra tp n § * ,g intern
m A ?& + - if-jij A $ m,m ^ ¥ m m [ ]
« % [ « ] , M & m M, w m m m,m a & $
j?f * ffl ± , i l ft 10 H, J?J A S M S ffir.S # ± m
J* f l j l l M tt $ 3?fl T Jg -pAi&i <2m: Qudc
Oai phu, An (Yen) Son huyen, Phuc Liep xa, Ddng
But (Bdt) thon, quan vien huong lao, tQ giap dang
thon, thQdng ha dang dien CQu sQ tich hQu TQ
thanh phu sinh TQ Dai Thanh vu ban thon, hQu
dien thd luu dQ ho [kien] quan phan tQ giap vi
hQdng hoa ky lap, phung sQ Q Tran trieu Dai Tri
(1358 1369) thap nhi nien khac nhap hdng
chung, chi Binh Ngo nien gian bi [ ] binh, chung
khi tat [tieu], chi tQ tQu kinh tai chu hdng chung,
sU di hoan thanh, sd hQu dien thd, tudn y ciiu
ngqch, khac nhap luu truyen hau the, cap hoi chu
hung cdng cong dQc ngoan khac tinh danh, tinh
liet vu h&u TQ mot ngudn sQ lieu khac la Dong
Bpt thon phung sao ciiu sii tich [Wi ^ tt $ & !?
¥ RS>], sQ tich dQdc scan dQdi trieu vua Canh
Hung nam thQ 36 (1776) [Jtm S f& Pi ¥ =S H tt
ffl 0 sfc tt $ S ¥ tfo] va dUdc thQa sao lai vao
nam Nham Dan, dQdi thdi Viet Nam Dan chii
Cong hda, nen chung tdi da cd them thong tin ve
hanh trang cua Thien sU TQ Dao Hanh, tQ lieu
chep: "tt & i t ft tt ® R W m S 5(1 » * 75 ill H
S P l ^ t t A t ! l t t $ S 3 S e ' B - « | i « - W - i S ^ i t
S & P S ^ R & A ^ & ' S i f f f i ^ & i f f r T
-Ek $ 3S M Ml *i ft A 55 IS $ * £ if ft" - P/»erc
d/n: Sd TQ Dao Hanh tfnh TQ thi huy Lo ky phu
TQ Vinh nai Sdn Tay xQ Ddng Bdt thdn nhan da si
Ly trieu chi Tang quan Dd sat thQdng du hoc U An
Lang hudng thu Tang thi nQ nhan danh Loan vi
thiep nhi sinh TQ Dao Hanh vu Ddng Bdt thdn cd
chi yen ky miu Tang thi Loan tu hanh U ThUdng
Yen Quyet xa Ba Lang Anh Linh Cam Ung h&u
nhan sdc tUdng phung sU chi Dao Hanh Tam
dich: TQ Dao Hanh ho TQ huy Ld, cha la TQ Vinh,
ngQdi thon Ddng Bdt (But), tinh Sdn Tay, dudi
59
trieu Ly, cha dng lam deh chQc Tang quan do sat, (dng TQ Vinh) thQdng du hoc d lang Yen (An) Lang, lay ngudi phu nQ ho Tang, ten la Loan lam
vd, sau do sinh ra TQ Dao Hanh d thdn Ddng Bdt, d day van con nen nha Me la Tang Thi Loan tu
hanh b xa ThQdng Yen Quye't, tai (chua) Ba Lang
Cam Ung Anh Linh, ngQdi sau dap tUdng de phung sQ Dao Hanh" Ngudn tQ lieu nay cung cho
biet them: " - B PJ $ # # A B = ¥ H TJ tt L
B mftm%m & & mM$
i i ¥ P $ iffi # W - Phien dm: Nha't tich Binh
Than Hdi Tudng Dai Khanh tam nien tam nguyet
sd that nhat Ngo thdi Dao Hanh niet ban Vi thdi xua't the vi Ly Than Tdng Ddng Bdt thdn de nien
quy phung nghenh hoi le Tam dich: Su tich vao
nam Binh Than, Hdi Tudng Dai Khanh ngay mung
7, thang 3, nam thQ 3, thuoc gid Ngo, Dao Hanh niet ban vao gid Mui, xua't the lam Ly Than Tdng, thdn Ddng Bdt hang nam md hdi theo le"
(14) Sach Vief dien u linh chep: "Bay gid, vua
Ly Nhan Tdng khdng cd con trai, ciu tQ mai cung khong dQdc, em Nhan Tdng la Sung Hien Hau ben mdi Dao Hanh den nha cau tu cho minh, de sau con minh dUdc lap lam thai tQ Dao Hanh xin dau thai de ta On Bay gid Sung Hien Hau phu nhan dang tam trong phdng, bong thay Dao Hanh hien hinh d trong thung nQdc Phu nhan kinh hai ndi vdi Hau, Hau da biet y, mat bao phu nhan rang: Thay hinh d trong thung nQdc, tQc la chan nhan da nhap thai rdi, dQng sd The rdi phu nhan cd mang Dao Hanh khi tQ biet ra ve cd dS.n rang: Den ngay phu nhan sinh de, xin bao cho biet ngay Den ngay sinh, phu nhan khd de Sung Hien Hau ndi: Phai bao kip cho cao tang biet Dao Hanh dQdc tin, hop cac dd de bao ring: Ta chUa het nhan duyen vdi
ddi, lai phai thac sinh lam vua b nhan gian, khi
nad chet lai ve lam chu tam th&p tam thien", xem
Ly Te Xuyen Sdd, tr 146 Sach Llnh Nam chich
qudi cung cd doan chep gin gid'ng vdi Viet dien u linh: "Md'i tuc nhan cua ta chUa het, phai thac sinh
lin nQa 3 ddi, tam lam de vtfohg, kip den khi gia
chet lam nhi thap thien tQ", xem Vu Quynh, Kieu
Phu: Linh Nam chich qudi (Dinh Gia Khanh
Trang 960 Rghien ciru Lich sit, so' 5.2011 Nguyen Ngoc San phien dich, chu thich va gidi
thieu) Nxb Van hda Vien Van hoc, Ha Noi,
1960, tr 81
(15) Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh, sdd, tr
147 Cdn theo ket qua nghien cdu cua
A.B.Poliacop, vdi dien bien cua sU kien nay, dng da
binh luan va cd nhiing nhan xet them ra't rieng,
dng cho rang day la: Sit chuyen giao bi mat cdc
trieu dqi d Dqi Viet vao ddu the ky XII Hon nQa,
dng cung cho rang, diln bien nay la cd sd de ong
dua ra quan diem cua minh ve viec phdn chia nhd
Ly lam hai trieu dinh - Hdu Ly so" vd Hdu Ly mat
Va gidi tu hanh cung dd dong vai tro ddng ke trong
viec thay doi bi mat trieu dinh nam 1127 Poliacop
cho biet them luc nay, trong chinh noi bq gidi Phdt
gido Dqi Viet dd dien ra cuoc ddu tranh gay gat vi
quyen ltfc Xem them cac nghien cUu cua
A.B.Poliacop: Stf chuyen giao bi mat cdc trieu dqi d
Dqi Viet vao ddu theky XII, trong Ky yeu Hgi thao
Qudc te lan thU II: Viet Nam tren dtfong phdt trien
vd hqi nhdp: Truyen thdng va hien dqi, tap I , tr
38-42; Bdn them ve vdn de chuyen giao bi mat cdc
trieu dqi d Dqi Viet vdo ddu the ky XII, trong Ky
yeu Hqi thdo khoa hoc 1.000 nam vtfdng trieu Ly
vd Kinh do Thang Long Nxb The gidi, Ha Ndi,
2009, tr 52-60; Stf phuc htfng cua ntfdc Dqi Viet
theky X-XTV Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia-Vien Lich
sii Quan sU Vigt Nam, Ha Ndi, 1996, tr 130-150
(16) Tai chua Lang, cd hai qua chudng, nhung
qua chudng dUdc treo d trong dien phat cd ten: f f
1 1 1 - Chung ca dan thdnh - tam dich: chudng
ghi ve viec thdnh dd sinh ra Mac du la chudng cd
ten la ddn thdnh, nhung noi dung trong chudn
khdng ghi DUc thanh Tit Dao Hanh dUdc sinh ra
nhu the nao Cung vdi noi dung minh chuong ghi
ten nhiing vi chiu hau, cd mdt chi tiet khien chung
tdi chu y dd la doan minh chudng: ^ # * 4
w #t m fe.s m m * Wc m z a a., m & z %
U U 1 i t © } I it Phien am: Ly Thdn Tong
hoang de sinh thai co' trach dd Ky dia tdc gidp
Thang Long chi cd thdnh, chung Kim Ngtfu chi tu
khi, ddn thdnh dao ltfu phuc chi - tam dich: Hoang
de'Ly Thdn Tdng khi sinh d nhd noi ddy Ddt nay gidp thdnh cd Thang Long, chudng Kim Ngtfu
thdnh sinh ra vd ltfu phuc tqi ddt nay Tit noi dung
tren, chung tdi cho ring minh chudng ghi ve vi?c dan thanh song do chi la kiep sinh dau thai lam vua Ly Than Tdng con vua Ly Nhan Tdng nhu
chinh sii da chep Theo nguon tu lieu Ddng Bdt
thdn phung sao ctfu stf tich (da din 6 tren), cung
cho chiing ta biet them mot chi tiet ve sU sinh
thanh cua Thien sU Tif Dao Hanh: "— B Wi ^ ft
% m [ ] » S X i * B # S t t I 1 4 I T
% W Phien Am: Nhat tich Dong Bot thon ky
tung [ ] tich thanh phu TU Vinh Dong Bot thon cd
chi yen dan sinh thanh tQ TU Lo - Tam dich: Su
tach tai thdn Dong Bdt cdn lUu diu tfch ve nin nha ciia Thanh phu TU Vinh tai thdn Dong Bdt, ndi sinh ra Thanh tii Tii Lo (Tii Dao Hanh)"
(17) Mac du vay, bUc dai tu lai cd nien dai
1870 dUdc viet bing voi tring, cd le vi ly do nao do
ma ngudi sau da viet nien dai nay len
(18) TrUdng Hutu Quynh (Chu bien): Dqi ciidng
Lich stf Viet Nam tap I Nxb Giao Due, Ha Noi,
1998, tr 141
(19) Tu lieu hien do dng Do Danh Bing d doi 4, thon Dong But luu giQ Sach vd'n do dng cu than sinh ra ong Bing chep, vi ong la ngudi dUdc hoc chQ Nho, ngoai nhQng tQ ligu chep v l Quan Thanh, ong con lQu trong sach ciia minh ndi dung cac doi cau ddi tai nhieu ndi thd tu cua lang Deng But cung nhu cac lang phu can
(20) Qua trinh khao sat tu lieu tai chua Lang, chung toi sUu tim dUdc mdt ddi cau ddi, ndi dung
nhQ sau: To giang cd (phdi) ddn thuy thien trtfdng;
Sai Son htfdng truyen kim cd ddc - tam dich: Sdng
Td dan ntfdc ddi mai; Dinh nui Sdi Son vang truyen khdn ngudi Ca hai ddi cau doi y mudn so
sanh ve hai ndi thd tu DQc thanh TQ Dao Hanh con dUdc ton kinh muon ddi vdi nhQng huyen tich linh thieng da cd
(Xem tiep trang 74)
Trang 1074 Rghien ciru Lich sir, so" 3.2011
stf rat bd Ich va can thiet cho cac nha khoa
hoc, sinh vien, hoc vien cao hoc quan tam
den de tai htfdng tfdc va lang xa Viet Nam
trong lich sd
Theo toi, cuo'n sach neu ltfu y mdt vai
khiem khuyet nhd sau day:
Vdi ttfa de htfdng tfdc cd lang xa ddng
bang Bac Bo thi nen khai thac nhieu hdn
cac htfdng tfdc cd cua cac dia phtfdng rai
khap cac lang xa d khu vtfc nay, thay vi de
cap den ca cac htfdng tfdc cd cac dia phtfdng
mien Trung nhtf Thanh Hda, Nghe An, Ha
Tinh
- Trong mot so' trang trinh bay cdn trung
lap y Vi du cac trang 332, 342, 340 deu
viet ve tfu diem, mat tich ctfc cua htfdng
tfdc la "co tac dung cd' ke't cong ddng them ben vdng" (tr 332), "net tieu bieu la truyen tho'ng doan ket ' (tr 342), "neu cao tinh than doan ke't" (tr 346), hoae khi trinh bay mat tich ctfc cua htfdng tfdc d trang 340 lai trinh bay ca mat han che Muc 2 d trang
347 cung trinh bay mat han che cua htfdng tfdc Nen chang, khi phan tich nhdng mat tich ctfc va han che cua htfdng tfdc co, tac gia lien he ddi net nhdng ndi dung can dtfdc
ke thda hay Idu y khac phuc khi xay ddng hddng ddc mdi ngay nay d cac dia phddng? Toi rd't mong trong mdt thdi gian tdi khdng xa se dddc doc tac pham hddng ddc
cd vdng Trung Bo, Nam Bd va hddng ddc cai lddng cua tac gia Vu Duy Men
CHU THICH
(l) Trich tQ sach Nguyln Quang Ngoc Mot sd
vdn de lang xa Viet Nam Nxb Dai hoc Qudc gia
Ha Noi, Ha Noi, 2009, tr 9
(2), (3), (4), (5) Via Duy Men Hitong Udc cd
lang xa ddng bang Bac Bo Nxb Chinh tri Qudc
gia, Ha Noi, 2010, tr 38, 36-41, 176, 208-208
VE NOT S I N H CUA THIEN SIT TUT DAO H A N H
(Tiep theo trang 60)
(21) Khong biet vi ly do nao, hdi chiia Thien Su1
lang Dong But da dUOc nhan dan quanh vung goi
la hoi Sep Ngay nay, nhieu lang xa quanh lang
Dong But cung dUdc goi vdi ten Sep
(22) Ong Dang Bing can bo sd V&n hda
Thong tin tinh Ha Tay (cu) trong qua trinh nghien
cUu da neu ra y kien nhu vay Y kien nay, chung
toi cung dUdc linh hoi trong qua trinh khao sat tai
dja phuong, nhd cac cu da tUng tham gia l l mdc
due md ta lai: tUdng Due thanh Tii Dao Hanh dupe
dat trong kham, hinh hai cdn nho, the ngoi
khoanh chan Trong khi do, tai chua Thay, ngoai
tUdng thd DUc thanh da die dao, con phdi thd ca
vua Ly Than Tong
(23) Nguyen van chQ Han: § X It W tP g? %
tt * # ffi it W ± * (24) Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh Sdd, tr
140, xem them Vu Quynh, Kieu Phu: Linh Nam
chich qudi Sdd, tr 77
(25) Trong Thien uyen tap anh cua Le Manh
That cung din ra y kien ring: "Mdt thuyet ndi ring Dao Hanh la ngudi thdn Dong But, huyen Yen Sdn, cha la TQ Vinh, me la Tang Thi Loan Nay tuong truyen 5 Dong But cd nen cu nha hp TQ, trQdc chua cd 70 miu ruong la rudng ho TQ, nay dem lam tu dien cho thon a'y", xem Le Manh That,
tu lieu da dan, tr 117