The symbols vowel sounds Các kí hiệu phiên âm của các nguyên âm: 1.1... The symbols of the consonant sounds Các kí hiệu phiên âm của các phụ âm: 2.1.. The symbols of voiceless consonants
Trang 1CHUYÊN ĐỀ I – PHONETICS - CHUYÊN ĐỀ VỀ NGỮ ÂM BÀI 1 PHONETIC SYMBOLS - BẢNG PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ
1 The symbols vowel sounds (Các kí hiệu phiên âm của các nguyên âm):
1.1 The symbols of pure vowel sounds (Các kí hiệu phiên âm của các nguyên âm đơn):
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hiệu)
In letters
(Chữ cái thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Ví dụ cụ thể trên các từ)
/ І /
or
/ i /
a village /’vilidʒ/ package /’pækidʒ/ assemblage /ә’semblidʒ/
e pretty /’priti/ represent deliver /di’livә(r)/
i sit /sit/ little /’litl/ simple /’simpl/
y happy /’hæpi/ easy /’i:zi/ usually /’ju:ʊli/
/ i: / ea lead /li:d/ seaside /’si:said/ meaningful /’mi:niŋfʊl/
ee meet /mi:t/ sheep /ʃi:p/ steel /sti:l/
/ e / a e many /’meni/ send /send/ any/eni/ recommend manifold /’menifәʊld/ comprehend /kәmpri’hend/
ea head /hed/ spread /spred/ headache /‘hedeik/
/ æ / a land /lænd/ brandy /’brændi/ sandy /’sændi/
/ ɔ / o pot /pɔt / spot /spɔt / slot /slɔt /
a wash /wɔʃ / what /wɔt / watch /wɔtʃ/
/ ɔ: /
a talk /tɔ:k/ walk /wɔ:k/ water /’wɔ:tә(r)/
aw saw /sɔ:/ lawn /lɔ:n/ pawn /pɔ:n/
oa broad /brɔ:d/ broaden/’brɔ:dn/ abroad /ә’brɔ:d/
oo door /dɔ:(r)/ floor /flɔ:(r)/ floorage /’flɔ:ridʒ/
or fork /fɔ:k/ sport /spɔ:t/ transport /’trænspɔ:t/
ou fought /fɔ:t/ thought /θɔ:t/ bought /bɔ:t/
/ Λ /
o some /sΛm/ come /kΛm/ done /dΛn/
u shut /ʃΛt/ muddy /’mΛdi/ budget /’bΛdʒit/
oo blood /blΛd/ flood /flΛd/ bloodless /blΛdlis/
ou tough /tΛf/ enough /i’nΛf/ rough /rΛf/
/ ɑ: / ar a task /ta:sk/ card /ka:d/ fast /fa:stk/ retard /ri’ta:d/ broadcast /br ɔ:d’ka:st/ farther /’fa:δәr/
ear heart /ha:t/ hearten /’ha:tәn/ hearth /ha:θ/
/ ʊ /
or
/ u /
u pull /pʊl/ push /pʊʃ/ pullet /’pʊlet/
oo good /gʊd/ cook /kʊk/ look /lʊk/
ou could /kʊld/ would /wʊld/ should /ʃʊld/
/ u: / oe u frugal /’fru:gәl/ shoe /ʃu: / conclude /kɔn’klu:d/ shoebill /’ʃu:bil/ illusion /i’lu:ʃn/ shoemaker /’ʃu:meikәr/
oo moon /mu:n/ spoon /spu:n/ smooth /smu:θ/
ui fruit /fru:t/ cruise /kru:s/ recruit /ri’kru:t/
/ ә / o a await /ә’weit/ tonight /tә’nait/ about /ә’baut/ potato /pә’teitәu/ machine /mә’ʃi:n/ tomorrow /tә’mɔrәʊ/
er reader /’ri:dәr/ writer /’raitәr/ cruiser /’kru:sәr/
or actor /’æktәr/ doctor /’dɔktәr/ translator /’trænsleitәr/
/ з: / er ir prefer /pri’fз: r/ shirt /ʃз:t/ merchant /’mз:tʃәnt/ skirt /skз:t/ merciful /’mз:sifʊl/ first /fз:st/
ur hurt /hз:t/ further /’ʃз:δә/ furnish /’ʃз:niʃ/
Trang 2or word /wз:d/ work /wз:k/ worm /wз:m/
ear heard /hз:d/ earth /з:θ/ earthen /’з:θәn/
1 2 The diphthongs and triphthongs (Các kí hiệu phiên âm của các nguyên đôi, ba):
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hiệu)
In letters
(Chữ cái thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Ví dụ cụ thể trên các từ)
/ ei / ai a case /keis/ maid /meid/ baby /beibi/ maiden /’meidn/ lazy /leizi/ maidenly /’meidnli/
ay say /sei/ clay /klei/ play /plei/
ei eight /eit/ eighthly /’eiθli/ eiranic /ei’rænik/
y sky /skai/ fly /flai/ satisfy /’sætisfai/
/ ɔi / oi soil /sɔil/ coin /kɔin/ spoil /spɔil/
oy employ /im’plɔi/ enjoy /ii’dʒɔi/ employment /im’plɔimnt/
/ aʊ / ou mouse /maʊs/ mouth /maʊθ/ surround /sз:’raʊnd/
ow now /naʊ/ power /’paʊ әr/ cowboy /’kaʊ bɔi/
/ әʊ / ow o cold /kәʊld/ slow /slәʊ/ scold /skәʊld/ flow /flәʊ/ fold /fәʊld/ show /ʃәʊ/
ew sew /sәʊ/ sewing /sәʊiŋ/ sewn /sәʊn/
/ iә / ear hear /hiә(r)/ fear /fiә(r)/ near /niә(r)/
ere here /hiә(r)/ merely /’miәli/ atmosphere /’ætmɔsfiә(r)/
/ eә / ere there /δeә(r)/ therapy /’θeәrәpi/ thereabout /’δeәrәbaʊt/
are fare /feә(r)/ share /ʃeә(r)/ stare /steә(r)/
air hair /heә(r)/ fair /feә(r)/ stairs /steә(r)s/
/ ʊә / our tour /tʊә(r)/ tourer /tʊәrә/ tourism /’tʊәrizm/
/ aiә / yre ire tire /taiә/ tyre /taiә/ fire /faiә/ tyreles /’taiәlis/ firemen /’faiәmen/ tyre-pump /’taiә pΛmp /
yer buyer /baiә/ flyer /flaiә/ buyer /baiә/
/ әʊә / ower slower /slәʊә/ slower /slәʊә/ slower /slәʊә/
/ aʊә / ower shower /ʃaʊә/ power /paʊә/ flower /flaʊә/
our flour /flaʊә/ sour /saʊә/ flour /flaʊә/
/ eiә / ayer prayer /preiә/ player /pleiә/ sprayer /spreiә/
eyer greyer /greiә/ greyer /greiә/ greyer /greiә/
/ ɔiә / oyer enjoyer /in’dʒɔiә/ enjoyer /in’dʒɔiә/ employer /im’plɔiә/
oyal loyal /’lɔiәl/ loyalty /’lɔiәlti/ loyal /’lɔiәl/
2 The symbols of the consonant sounds (Các kí hiệu phiên âm của các phụ âm):
2.1 The symbols of voiceless consonants (Kí hiệu phiên âm của các phụ âm vô thanh):
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hiệu)
In letters
(Chữ cái thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Ví dụ cụ thể trên các từ)
/ f / ph f five /faiv/ physics /’fiziks/ formal /’fɔ:mәl/ physician /fi’ziʃn/ family /’fæmili/ physical /fi’zikәl/
gh laugh /la:f/ enough /i’nΛf/ rough /rΛf/
Trang 3/ θ / th throw /θrәʊ/ thunder /’θΛndә(r)/ sixth /siksθ/
/ t / t teach /ti:tʃ/ temple /’tempәl/ tittle /’taitәl/
ed looked /lʊkt/ laughed /la:ft/ stopped /stɔpt/
c centre /’sentә/ century /’sentʃʊri/ cell /sel/
/ ʃ / sh ch sheep /ʃi:p/ machine sheet /ʃi:t/ chaise /ʃeiz/ English /’iŋliʃ/ champagne /ʃæm’pein/
s sugar /’ʃʊgә/ sugary /’ʃʊgәri/ sure /’ʃʊә(r)/
/ t∫ / ch choice /tʃɔis/ church /tʃз:tʃ/ chimney /’tʃimni/
t fixture /'fikst∫ә/ future / 'fju:t∫ә/ question / 'kwest∫n/
c concert /kɔn’sз:t/ cancel /’kænsәl/ comedy /’kΛmedi/
ch chemist /’kemist/ chemistry /’kemistri/ chemical /’kemikәl/
q quite /kwait/ question / 'kwest∫n/ conquest /’kɔŋkwest/
/ h / h hike /haik/ hunger /’hΛŋgә(r)/ homeless /’hәʊmlis/
wh whoop /hu:p/ whose /hu:z/ wholesale /’hɔʊlseil/
2.2 The symbols of voiced consonants (Kí hiệu phiên âm của các phụ âm hữu thanh):
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hiệu)
In letters
(Chữ cái thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Ví dụ cụ thể trên các từ)
f of /әv/ of /әv/ of /әv/
/ d / d done /dΛn/ doctor /’dɔktә(r)/ dancer /dænsә(r)/
ed lived /livd/ earned /з:nd/ cancelled /’kænsәld/
s visit /’vizit/ visual /’vizjʊәl/ teachers /ti:tʃәz/
/ ʒ / s vision /’viʒn/ usual /’jʊʒʊәl/ usually /’jʊʒʊәli/
j jam /dʒæm/ jam /dʒæz/ joyful /dʒɔifʊl/
/ l / l little /’litәl/ lamp /læmp/ light /lait/
/ m / m monk /mɔŋk/ mammal /’mæmәl/ Monday /’mΛndei/
/ n / n name /neim/ number /nΛmbә/ noise /nɔis/
ng sing /siŋ/ thing /θiŋ/ ceiling /’si:liŋ/
/ r / r rural /’rʊәrәl/ ring /riŋ/ reader /’ri:dә/
wh when /wen/ whistle /’wisәl/ whisper /’wispә/
/ j / y young /jΛŋ/ yearly /’jiәli/ youth /ju:θ/
u music /’mju:sik/ unit /’ju:nit/ university /ju:ni’v з:siti/
/ ф /
mute
cases
h honest /’ɔ:nist/ hour /aʊә/ heir /aiә/
k knight /nait/ knit /nit/ known /nɔʊn/
b comb /kɔʊm/ climb /klaim/ debt /det/
Trang 4p pneumonia
/njʊ’mɔ:niә/ psychology /sai’kɔ:lɔdʒi/ psychiatrist /sai’kiәtrist/
2.3 The clusters of consonants (Kí hiệu phiên âm của các chùm phụ âm):
Symbols
of the
sounds
(Kí hiệu)
In letters
(Chữ cái thể hiện)
Examples in words
(Ví dụ cụ thể trên các từ)
/ s+ /
/ sp / speak /spi:k/ spoil /spɔil/ speaker /’spri:kә/
/ st / start /sta:t/ stand /stænd/ stay /stei/
/ sk / school /skʊl/ skill /skil/ scan /skæn/
/ sf / sphere /sfiә/ spheral /sfiәrәl/ biosphere /baiә’sfiә/
/ sm / small /smɔl/ smash /smæʃ/ smell /smel/
/ sn / snow /snәʊ/ sneeze /sni:z/ sneaky /’sni:ki/
/ sw / sweet /swi:t/ swim /swim/ swan /swɔn/
/ sj / super /sjʊpә/ superadd /’sjʊpәræd/ superably /’sjʊpәreibli/
/ p+ / / pl / plump /plΛmp/ apply /ә’plai/ please /pli:s/
/ pr / proud /praʊd/ propose /’prɔpәʊs/ produce /prә’djʊs/
/ pj / pure /pjʊә/ purely /’pjʊәli/ purify /’pjʊrәfai/
/ t+ / / tw / / tr / train /trein/ twice /twais/ treat /tri:t/ twerp /twз:p/ treatment /tri:tmәnt/ twicer /’twaisә/
/ tj / t ube /tjʊb/ t ubal /’tjʊ:bәl/ t uber /’tjʊ:bә/
/ k+ / / kr / / kl / class /kla:s/ cream /kri:m/ clean /kli:ns/ cry /krai/ clame /kleim/ creative /kri:’eitiv/
/ kw / quite /kwait/ quit /kwit/ quest /kwest/
/ kj / cure /kjʊә/ cute /kjʊt/ cutely /kjʊtli/
/ b+ / / br / / bl / blow /blәʊ/ bring /briŋ/ blame /bleim/ bride /braid/ bleach /bli:tʃ/ bridge /bridʒ/
/ bj / beauty /’bjʊti/ beautify /’bjʊtifai/ beautiful /’bjʊtifʊl/
/ g+ / / gl / glass /gla:s/ glim /glim/ glance /gla:ns/
/ gr / grow /grәʊ/ great /greit/ groom /gru:m/
/ d+ / / dw / / dr / dream /dri:m/ dwell /dwel/ dread /dred / dweller /dwelә/ dreadful /’dredfʊl/ dwelt /dwel/
/ dj / duty /djʊti/ dutiful /djʊtifʊl/ dutifully /djʊtifʊli/
/ f+ / / fr / / fl / flow /flәʊ/ fry /frai/ fly /flai/ fright /frait/ flame /fleim/ fridge /fridʒ/
/ fj / furious /’fjʊriәs/ few /fjʊ/ furiously /’fjʊriәsli/
/ θ+ / / θ r / throw /θrәʊ/ through /θru:/ threat /θret/
/ θ w / t hwart /θwæt/ t hwack /θwæk/ t hwack /θwæk/
Các kết
/ vj / view /vjʊ/ interview /’intәvjʊ/ preview /pri’vjʊ/
/ mj / mute /mjʊt/ mutual /mjʊtʊәl/ music /mjʊzik/
/ ∫r / shrimp /∫rimp/ shriek /∫ri:k/ shrill /∫ril/
/ nj / nude /njʊd/ nudist /’njʊdist/ nudism /’njʊdizm/
/ spr / spread /spred/ sprawl /sprɔ:l/ spray /sprei/
Trang 5hợp khác / spl / splash /splæʃ/ splat /splæt/ splashy /splæʃi/
/ skr / scream /scri:m/ scree /scri: / screen /scri:n/
/ str / stream /stri:m/ strawy /strɔ:i/ streak /stri:k/
/ skj / scuba /’skjʊbә/ scuba /’skjʊbә/ scuba /’skjʊbә/
/ stj / student /’stjʊdnt/ stupid /’stjʊpid/ studio /’stjʊdiәʊ/
/ spj / spume /spjʊ:m/ spue /spjʊ:/ spumous /spjʊ:mәs/
/ skw / square /skweә/ squarer /’skweәrә/ squander /’skwɔdә/
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of
the same group.
1 A candy B sandy C many D handy
2 A earning B learning C searching D clearing
3 A pays B stays C says D plays
4 A given B risen C ridden D whiten
5 A cough B tough C rough D enough
6 A accident B jazz C stamp D watch
7 A this B thick C maths D thin
9 A bought B naught C plough D thought
10 A forks B tables C beds D windows
11 A handed B booked C translated D visited
12 A car B coach C century D cooperate
13 A within B without C clothing D strengthen
15 A kites B catches C oranges D buzzes
16 A student B stupid C study D studio
17 A wealth B cloth C with D marathon
18 A brilliant B trip C tripe D tip
19 A surgeon B agent C engine D regard
Trang 620 A feather B leather C feature D measure
Exercise 2: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of
the same group.
1 A geology B psychology C classify D photography
2 A idiom B ideal C item D identical
3 A children B child C mild D wild
4 A both B myth C with D sixth
5 A helped B booked C hoped D waited
6 A name B natural C native D nation
7 A blood B food C moon D pool
8 A comb B plumb C climb D disturb
9 A thick B though C th ank D think
10 A flour B hour C pour D sour
11 A dictation B repetition C station D question
13 A asked B helped C kissed D played
14 A smells B cuts C opens D plays
15 A decided B hatred C sacred D warned
16 A head B break C bread D breath
17 A blood B tool C moon D spool
18 A height B fine C tidy D cliff
19 A through B them C threaten D thunder
20 A fought B country C bought D ought
Exercise 3: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of
the same group.
1 A moon B pool C door D cool
Trang 72 A any B apple C hat D cat
3 A book B blood C look D foot
5 A table B lady C labor D captain
6 A host B most C cost D post
7 A dear B beard C beer D heard
9 A name B flame C man D fame
10 A how B town C power D slow
11 A harm B wash C call D talk
12 A brought B ought C thought D though
13 A call B curtain C cell D contain
14 A measure B decision C pleasure D permission
15 A drought B fought C brought D bought
16 A builds B destroys C occurs D prevents
17 A deal B teach C break D clean
18 A supported B approached C noticed D finished
19 A unity B suite C studious D volume
20 A climber B subtle C debtor D probable
Exercise 4: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of
the same group.
1 A loved B appeared C agreed D coughed
2 A thereupon B thrill C threesome D throne
3 A chin B chaos C child D charge
4 A wasted B practiced C laughed D jumped
Trang 85 A coast B most C lost D whole
6 A energy B gain C gesture D village
7 A population B nation C question D station
8 A meat B sweat C leaf D seat
9 A antibiotic B pant C ant D want
10 A height B myth C type D climb
11 A bush B rush C pull D lunar
12 A bought B sought C drought D fought
13 A killed B cured C crashed D waived
14 A thunder B prefer C grocer D louder
15 A tells B talks C stays D steals
16 A stomach B watch C change D church
17 A attacks B repeats C roofs D trays
18 A drought B fought C brought D bought
19 A builds B destroys C occurs D prevents
20 A name B nation C native D natural