Conjunctions in english

Conjunctions have two basic functions: • Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal.. Coordinating conjunctions always come betwee

AND

BUT

NOT ONLY, BUT ALSO

• A conjunction may be used

to indicate the relationship

between the ideas

expressed in a clause and

the ideas expressed in the

rest of a sentence

Ex: We could go to the

library, or we could go to

the park.

He neither finished his

homework nor studied for

the test.

I went out because the sun

was shining.

Conjunctions have two

basic functions:

• Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a

sentence that are grammatically equal The two parts may be

single words or clauses, phrases.

Ex: My friend and I will attend the meeting.

Austria is famous for the beauty

of its landscape and the hospitality of its people.

The sun rose and the birds began to sing.

The water was warm, but I didn't

go swimming.

Coordinating conjunctions

always come between

the words or clauses that

they join.

• The 7 coordinating conjunctions are short,

simple words They have only two or three letters There's an easy way to remember them - their initials spell:

F A N B O Y S

for and nor but or yet so

Basic Coordinating Conjunctions

Complete the sentences by

choosing the best coordinating

conjunction for each space.

and but or so

1 Jaewon was cold, he

put on a coat.

2 Maria tried to read a novel in

French, it was too

difficult.

3 To get from Vancouver to

Victoria, you can fly, _ you

can ride the ferry.

4 I bought a bottle of wine,

we drank it together

5 The waiter was not very nice, the food was delicious.

6 I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD, the shop didn't have it.

7 Anna needed some money, _ she took a part-time job.

8 There's so much rain lately! Maybe it's because of El Nino, maybe it's just coincidence.

9 Julie has a guitar, she plays it really well.

10 The concert was cancelled, we went to a nightclub instead

• Subordinating

conjunctions are used to

join a subordinate

dependent clause to a main

clause, for example:

Ex: I went swimming

although it was cold.

• Because it was cold, I

wore my winter coat.

• Let us wait until the rain

stops.

For now, you should know some of the more common subordinating

conjunctions such as: after before unless if until although …

As: 1 because: As he is my

friend, I will help him.

2 when: We watched as the

plane took off.

After : later in time: After the train

left, we went home.

Although or though: in spite of the

fact that: Although it was after

midnight, we did not feel tired.

Before : earlier than: I arrived

before the stores were open.

Because: for the reason that: We

had to wait, because we arrived

early.

For: because: He is happy, for

he enjoys his work.

If : on condition that: If she is here, we will see her.

Providing / provided: on condition that: All will be well, providing you are carefull.

Since:1 from a past time: I have been here since the sun rose.

2 as/ because: Since you are, you can help me.

So/ so that:

1 consequently: it was raining, so we did go out.

2 in order that: I am saving money so that I can buy a new house.

Supposing: If : Supposing that

happens, what will you do?

Than: is used in comparisons:

He is taller than you.

Unless: except when, if not:

Unless he helps us, we cannot

succeed.

Until / till : up to the time when

: I will wait here until I hear

from you.

Whereas: 1 because:

Whereas this is a public

building, it is open to

everyone

2 On the other hand: She is

rich, whereas he is poor.

Whether: if: I don’t know whether she was invited.

While: 1 at the time when: While it was snowing, we played cards.

2 on the other hand: He is rich, while his friend is poor.

3 although: While I am not an expert, I will do my best.

In addition, the following phrases are often used at the beginning of

subordinate clauses:

As if : in a similar way: She talks as if she knows everything.

As long as

1 if: As long as we cooperate, we can finish the work easily.

2 while: He has lived there as long as

I have known him.

As soon as: immediately /

when: Write to me as soon as

you can.

As though: in a similar way: It

looks as though there will be a

storm.

Even if: in spite of a possibility:

I am going out even if it rains.

In case: because of a

possibility: Take a sweater in

case it gets cold.

Or else: otherwise: Please be

careful, or else you may have

an accident.

So as to: in order to: I hurried

so as to be on time.

Certain words, such as after, before, since and until may function either as prepositions

or subordinate conjunctions.

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together The most common correlative

conjunctions are:

both and either or neither nor not only but also

Ex: He is both intelligent and good-natured.

• I will either go for a walk or read a book.

• He is neither rich nor famous.

• He had hardly begun to work, when he was interrupted.

• If that is true, then what happened is not surprising.

• She is not only clever, but also hard-working.

• I would rather go swimming than go to the library.

• What with all her aunts, uncles and cousins, she has

many relatives.

• Have you decided whether you will come or not?

CHOOSE THE CORRECT

ANSWER:

1) Which conjunction is used

to connect two equal parts of a

sentence?

either until but since after

2) Which conjunction is used

to connect two unequal parts of

a sentence?

so or but if and

3) Which conjunction is used

with the correlative neither?

and nor but so or

4) Which conjunction fits best in the sentence: I am hungry xxx I don't want to eat

but so after before or 5) Which conjunction fits best in the sentence: He will eat xxx he gets home

or because when and since

6) Which conjunction fits best in the sentence: Do you want pizza xxx a hamburger?

than so while as or

7) Which conjunction fits

best in the sentence:

I would tell you xxx I

knew

and unless if or so

8) Which conjunction fits

best in the sentence:

Come xxx get it

But and when so

9) Which conjunction fits best in the sentence: He ate xxx he was hungry

if so or although because

10) How many conjunctions are in the sentence:

After Ben and Sid come, we can leave

0 1 2 3 4

Conjunctions

Combine the sentences using the

conjunction given in

parentheses.

Do not change the order of the

sentences Pay attention to the

punctuation.

1 They got married They had to

learn to manage their own home

(after)

2 He went crazy His wife burnt

his breakfast (when)

3 You can hear what I'm saying

You keep quiet (if)

4 I won't invite my classmates to

a party I know them well (until)

•

•

•

5 He arrived home I had already cleaned the house (by the time)

6 The first quiz was easy This one is extremelly difficult

(whereas)

7 She's snobbish People like her (yet)

8 We're broke We can't buy anything (since)

9 He failed He won't give up his ideals (even though)

10 He fell asleep He was watching the film (while)

Choose the best conjunction

for each sentence.

1 _ it was raining, I

didn't get wet.

a Because

b Although

2 I don't drink coffee _

it makes me nervous.

a.although

b.as

3 Jerry passed the exam

first time _ I had to

retake it three times.

a.as

b.while

4 Jun couldn't buy any Christmas presents _

he didn't have any money.

a even though

b because

5 I will be late today _

my car has broken down.

a because

b though

6 Mei Li doesn't speak English, she can't go to

university in Canada.

a.Since b.Whereas

7 _ my wife likes to

travel abroad, I prefer to

stay at home for my

vacations.

a Whereas

b Since

8 Paula got the job _

she had no experience.

a even though

b as

• Combine the sentences

using the subordinating conjunction at the end of the sentence For example: "I put

my coat on It was cold

(because)" becomes" I put

my coat on because it was cold."

1.You should stay away from bears They are dangerous (because)

2.Surfing is fun It can be dangerous (though)

3.The boat could not move There was no wind (since) 4.I took my umbrella It was raining (as)

5 Deer are cute They eat all

your flowers (although)

6 Some apples are red

Others are green (while)

Connecting Adverbs

• accordingly: so

• also: in addition

• besides: in addition

• consequently: so

• furthermore: in addition

• hence: for that reason

• however: but

• likewise: in addition

• moreover: in addition

• nevertheless: but

• nonetheless: but

• otherwise: if not, or else

• still: but

• then: 1 next, afterwards

• 2 so

• therefore: for that reason

• thus: so, in this way

1 He was very persuasive; _, I did what he asked.

2 She is my neighbor; she is _ my best friend.

3 I like the job _, I need the money.

4 She had a fever; _, she stayed at home.

5 You should stop smoking _, you should do it at once!

6 He is a good friend _, I was not embarrassed to ask him for help.

7 We wanted to arrive on time; _, we were delayed by

traffic.

8 The region is beautiful _, the climate is excellent.

9 She is very intelligent; _, she is very ambitious.

10.They are proud _, I like them.

11.The ascent was dangerous _, he decided to attempt it 12.We should consult them; _, they may be upset.

13.It is a long way to the beach _, it is a fine day to go

swimming.

14 We went shopping, _ we had lunch.

15 If you are sure, _ I must believe you.

16 I was nervous; _, I could not do my best.

17 He travelled as quickly as possible _ , he reached Boston the next day.