Diễn tả số lượngRất nhiều A large number of A good/ great deal/ amount of Nhiều Quite a few A number of A lot of/ lots of Many Quite a little A lot of/ lots of Much Một vài, một ít đủ để
Trang 11 Diễn tả số lượng
Rất nhiều A large number of A good/ great deal/ amount of
Nhiều
Quite a few
A number of
A lot of/ lots of Many
Quite a little
A lot of/ lots of Much
Một vài, một ít (đủ để
làm gì)
A few Some
A little Few Rất ít, hầu như không (very) few (very) little
2 Tên của một nhóm
a Động vật
- a pack of dogs/wolves
- a school of fish
- a flock/flight of birds
- a flock of sheep/goats
- a swarm of insects/bees
- a herd of cattle/deer/elephants/pigs
- a pride of lions
- a cloud of flies
b Người
- a group of …
- a gang of thieves
- a company of actors
c Vật
- A fleets of ships
Trang 2- A bunch of keys/bananas/flowers/grapes
- A flight of aeroplanes/steps
- A constellation of stars
3 Những từ kết thúc bằng –ic và –ical
a Nghĩa không khác nhau
- Geographic(al)
- Dynamic(al)
- Fanatic(al)
- Poetic(al)
- Strategic(al)
- Periodic(al)
- Cynic(al)
- Arthmetic(al)
- Geometric(al)
- Symmetric(al)
b Nghĩa khác nhau
classic : best quality, elegant classical : belongs to the past
economic : connected with economy economical : using no more money than necessary, frugal
electric : use/produce electricity electrical : connected with electricity
historic : important historical : connected with the past
4 Affect – effect
Affect [‘æfekt]
emotion which may influence behavior (used
in psychology only)
[ə'fekt]
to make a difference to
Trang 3or influence something
Your opinion will not affect my decision.
Effect
[i'fekt]
a result or a consequence
Does TV have a effect
on the bahaviors of young children?
[i'fekt]
to achieve or produce
They hope to effect a reconciliation.
5 Most – almost – mostly
a Khác nhau về nghĩa
Most
- To the greatest degree:
nhất
What did you enjoy (the) most?
- Very, extremely, completely: rất, cực kì
It was most kind of you to meet me.
- The largest in number or amount:
nhiều nhất
He got (the) most votes.
- More than half
of somebody/
something; almost all of somebody/
something: hầu hết
I like most vegatable.
- Largest in number or amount
Who ate the most?
- More than half of somebody/
something; almost all of somebody/ something
Most of the people
I had invited turned up.
Almost Not quite ( nearly): gần như
(sắp đến mức tuyệt đối)
I like almost all of them.
The story is almost certainly false.
Trang 4They’ll eat almost anything.
Their house is almost opposite ours.
Mostly
Mainly, generally: thường, hầu như, gần như (phần lớn)
His book is mostly useless.
We’re mostly out on Sunday.
b Khác nhau về cấu trúc
- Most + V/ / Adj/ (of the) pluN/ of pronouns
- Mostly + adj
- Almost + V/ Adj/ certain words (any, anything, anyone, no, nobody, nothing, all, every, everybody)
6 Assure – ensure – insure – reassure
- Assure:
· cam đoan, khẳng định chắc chắn She’s perfectly safe I can assure you.
· đảm bảo Victory would assure a place in the finals
· = ensure (BrE)/ insure (AmE)/ guarantee
- Insure against/for something: mua bảo hiểm
- Reassure somebody that… / about something: trấn an
7 Worthless – valueless – priceless – valuable – invaluable
Thứ tự giá trị giảm dần:
Priceless (vô giá) invaluable (rất có giá trị, rất có ích) > valuable (có giá trị) > valueless = worthless (vô giá trị)
8 Each – Every
Before a
After a pluN/pro
+ sing V + plu V
Trang 5Each
Each student has been given his ỏ her own email address.
ü ü They each have their own email address
Every ü ü Every student is given an email address
Each (one) of
+ plu N/pro + sing V
Every one of
9 Some certain pairs of words:
Accept (v): chấp nhận Except (prep): ngoại trừ (= apart from)
All together: cùng nhau
Let’s sing all together
Altogether: tổng cộng
We have invited 50 people altogether
Disinterested (adj): khách quan Uninterested (adj): không hứng thú >< interested Each other: used with 2 people/
Sensible (adj): nhạy bén, sắc sảo Sensitive (adj): nhạy cảm
Childlike (adj): giống trẻ con Childish (adj): trẻ con
Lie (intransitive V): Lay (transitive V):
Trang 6- Nằm (lie – lay – lain)
- Nói dối (lie – lied –
lied)
- Đặt (lay – laid – laid)
Principle (n) a rule, a law that
something is based on (nguyên
tắc)
ð in principle (idm):
- Về nguyên tắc, về
nguyên lí
- Nói chung = in general
Principal
- (n): hiệu trưởng
- (adj): chính, quan trọng (= important, main)
Unable (adj) + to V: không đủ
khả năng, không thể làm gì Disable (adj): khuyết tật (handicapped)
Deadly
- (adv):
vô cùng, cực kì (=
extremely)
hoàn toàn (=completely)
- (adj): gây chết người (=
lethal)
Deathly (adv/adj): giống như chết,
có liên quan đến cái chết
Various (adj): đa dạng, phong
phú ( diverse)
Variable (adj): có thể thay đổi (
fluctuating) >< invariable
Effective (adj): có tác dụng, giải
quyết được vấn đề >< ineffective
Efficient (adj): có hiệu quả, không
lãng phí thời gian, năng lượng >< inefficient
Lend (v): cho mượn
Could you lend me some money?
Borrow (v): mượn
Can I borrow your pen?
Stationary (adj): tĩnh, không di
Trang 7Chance (n)
- Khả năng xảy ra (a
possibility of something
happening)
- Cơ hội
- Sự tình cờ
Opportunity (n) = chance: cơ hội