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Overview of Mass balance

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Develop a mass balance expression under different case scenarios and design a simple system to meet desired needs Objective Atoms are conserved but molecules may change to other forms...

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MASS BALANCE

Trang 2

Conservation of Mass

Mass cannot be created nor destroyed.

Develop a mass balance expression under different case scenarios and design a simple system to meet desired needs

Objective

Atoms are conserved but molecules may change to other forms

Implication

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Types of Reactors

• Batch Reactors

• Completely Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR)

• Plug-Flow Reactors

Q,

Cout

V V

to

t1

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• Dispersed Plug-Flow Reactors

• Packed bed Reactors • Fluidized Packed bed Reactors

Q,

Cin

Q,

Cout

Q, Cout

Q,

Cin

to

t1

Q

t2

Q

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Mass Balance- General Equation

Input

rate

Decay rate

Ouput rate

rate

Input,

Cin

System boundary

Decay

Cout

Completely-Mixed Tank Reactor (CSTR)

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Steady-State Conservative System

Steady state Accumulation = 0

Conservative Decay = 0 Input rate = Ouput rate

Stream

Qs, Cs

Mixture

Qm, Cm Waste

Qw, Cw

CSTR

Input

rate = QsCs+QwCw

Ouput

rate = Qm

Cm

m

w w s

s m

Q

Q C Q

C

}

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Steady-State with Nononservative Pollutants

Steady state Accumulation = 0

Nonconservative Decay rate (1st-order) = kCV = kCmV

Input

rate = QsCs+QwCw

Decay

rate = kCm

V

Stream

Qs, Cs

Mixture

Qm, Cm Waste

Qw, Cw

CSTR

V k Ouput

rate = Qm

Cm

Input

rate

Ouput rate

rate +

kV Q

Q C Q

C C

m

w w s

s m

+ +

=

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Reaction Term

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Example

kV Q

Q C Q

C

C

m

w w s

s m

+

+

=

Stream

Q s =5 m 3 /s

C s =10 mg/L Outgoing

Q m =?

C m =?

Waste

Q w 0.5 m 3 /s

C w =100mg/L

Well-mixed lake V=10x106 m3

k=0.2/day

Solution

L

mg 5

3 ) m 10 10

)(

s 60 60

24

day day

1 2 0 (

) s

m 5 5

(

) s

m 5 0

)(

L

mg 100 (

) s

m 5

)(

L

mg 10

( C

3 6 3

3 3

×

×

×

× +

+

=

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Example

kV Q

Q C Q

C C

m

w w s

s m

+

+

=

Solution

Stream

Q s =5 m 3 /s

m2 =?

Waste

Q w 0.5 m 3 /s

C w =100mg/L

C m1

Q

C C

m

m 1

m 2

m

+

=

Ngày đăng: 11/06/2016, 14:21