English Today Magazine

ii Only the first and last letter of each Past Participle is given.iii After the Past Participle, the number of letters is given in brackets.iv No word should be repeated... g You can us

From The Editor’s Pen 5

Prefixes & Suffixes 51

Quotations & Abbreviations 53

Talking to the Author 64

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�How to Write Correct English (Hindi-English) R-451 120

�Treasury of Synonyms & Antonyms

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WITH HINDI EXPLANATIONS

We have been studying for some months the use of Past Participles of someverbs as Adjectives We’ll continue our study in this issue also.

(i) Use the following Past Participles as Adjectives in sentences of yourown

(ii) Only the first and last letter of each Past Participle is given.(iii) After the Past Participle, the number of letters is given in brackets.(iv) No word should be repeated

chocolates / in the market / many varieties / are there / of

steadily / have been / over / gaining popularity / handmade lates / couple of years / the past

choco-healthier / in the market / than / the homemade chocolates / are /available / those

are / many / imported / the chocolate balls / equally / of which / are /popular

installed / almost / in / all / schools / their premises / the / have /private / CCTV cameras

to maintain / the / among / discipline / purpose / the students / is

to maintain discipline / the use of / is considered / technology / andsurveillance / good / teachers / most of the / and students / byahead / has / the / Diwali / beefed / police / security / up / of

it / at / besides / has organised / check posts / enhancing patrolling /special / sensitive points / and surveillance / temporary

among residents / the move / of happiness / has brought / their / awave of happiness / visiting / night hours / friends and relatives /during

night vigil / intensified / enhancing / patrolling / the / have /throughout / the police / besides / the area

to beef up security / the police commissioner / the / decision /meetings / was taken / during / chaired / by

MODERN GRAMMATICAL

PRACTICES

Two of trade seldom agree (a/no preposition)

birds that had arrived at the wetland have disappeared

(A few, The few)There is only water in the jug (little, a little, the little)

I was moved on hearing his tale (deep, deeply)

As soon as the bell rang, the students rushed out of theirclasses (then, no word)

I want to know why you are late (as to, nothing)

Since he is my friend, I shall help him (therefore, nothing)

We eat so that we live (may, might)

He not call you names (need, dare)

He has full command English (over, of)

He absented from the class (himself, nothing)

She resembles her mother (with, nothing)

There lies a boat on the beach (sunk, sunken)

Do not write pencil (in, with)

A man needs a house to (live, live in)

I can give no advice the moment (at, in)

Let’s invite him tea (at, to)

Who were you talking ? (to, nothing)

He stuck his words (to, with)

Rama was married Sita (with, to)

None but came for the interview (he, him)

But for you, I have been ruined (will, would)

Why are you afraid him? (of, from)

He has too irons in the fire (much, many)

Iron is useful metal (a, an)

bird in hand is worth two in the bush (a, the)

He is one of the ablest in our area (doctor, doctors)You will have to carry my orders (on, out)

We must abide the laws of our country (by, with)

The hunter killed the lion a gun (by, with)

Are you ? (sick, ill)

My father gave me (much advice, many advices)Never hit anybody the belt (below, under) ���

Size - 184 × 267 mm Price - ` 70 Binding - Centre Pin

(a) Below is given a Pyramid with the letter at the Apex.

(b) Below the Apex, there are blocks up to the base

(c) Each block is divided into sub-blocks

(d) In each block, one sub-block goes on increasing in the descending orderfrom Apex to Base

(e) In block-2, you find the letters E D

(f) Starting and ending should be with the letters given

(g) You can use abbreviations, but the full word for each abbreviation should

be given as a note under the Pyramid

(h) There can be more than one answer in some cases, but only one answer

is given in the Answers Corner for your convenience

E

VERBAL PYRAMID

(a) Roads are being repaired.

(b) Nip the evil in the bud

(c) Had you heard such a thing before?

(d) The matter can be discussed just now

(a) The grandfather said to the child, “Do not play on the carpet.”

(b) He said to me, “Will you help me when I am in trouble”?(c) She told me that she would surely return my books by Friday

(d) I asked him if he had brought all his certificates

(a) No than twenty workers were absent

(b) He sold books he had

(c) We must do duty

(d) persons know the truth

IN SIMPLE TERMS

(a) She speak three languages.

(b) You know the result in a week’s time

(c) He not oppose me

(d) all your wishes come true!

(a) A (drown) man catches at a straw

(b) This table is worth (buy)

(c) The news was difficult (believe)

(d) My friend is keen (join) the army

“Sudie, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples,” said he

“Even chances”, said the doctor, taking Sue’s thin, shaking hand in his “Withgood nursing you’ll win And now I must see another case I have downstairs.Behrman, his name is—some kind of an artist, I believe Pneumonia, too He

is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute There is no hope for him; but hegoes to the hospital today to be made more comfortable”

The next day the doctor said to Sue, “She’s out of danger You’ve won.Nutrition and care now—that’s all.”

���

(1) No answers to the personal questions will be provided.

(2) You can put these questions (and your answers which will remain withyou) to a number of uses, if you would so like, e.g

(a) personal diary;

(b) to enhance memory;

(c) to sharpen your answering capability;

(d) to hone your general awareness, talents, intelligence, nature,mood, temperament, etc

(e) to gather experience, etc

(3) Sometimes, some questions may be abstract or mysterious in nature,but they are otherwise important in their own way You should be carefulwhile answering them

Why do you sometimes think you are different from others? (4-5 lines)

How do you identify a person to be special from a throng? (4-5 lines)

(i) Do you ever have the feeling of euphoria?

PERSONAL QUESTIONS

(ii) If yes, when, how, why?

(ii) Is the state mentioned above peculiar to the modern age or did itexist more or less in the past ages too? What do you think? Pleasethrow some light on this aspect (5-6 lines)

���

The two friends, Reena and Reema, have been discussing Non-finites andother topics in the past some issues.

Let’s see what they discuss today

Reema : How are you, Reena?

Reena : Fine, I hope you’re too

Reema : Yes, I am Should we continue our study of “Present Participles

used as Adjectives”?

Reena : I suppose so

Reema : Then exercise, please

Reena : Here it is

(For Reema and ET Readers)

Was the decision taken on the basis of the vote?

The workers are giving touch to the renovation of the house.There is a discontent among people

The rates of interests are causing worry to the retiredpersons

The fathers of the constitution never meant this

She is my daughter

trees should be planted

There is paucity of water here

The beast ran away fast.

events cast their shadows before

Remain within distance

The leaves floated away in air

children need much care

Is there any arrangement nearby?

What is the feature of this painting?

The mankind is at crossroads

What is the factor of his departure?

The beast was suddenly struck down by the hunter.Flood water caused much harm to the crops

It is hard to climb up the hill

This is one of the dailies of this region

(ii) Similarly, in each of the following cases,

(a) the starting word or the first part of the word is given; you are to—(b) add one or more letters at the end;

(c) write the new word;

(d) convey the same meaning as given

A person who wants to destroy all order.

A place where birds are kept

An artificial tank for fishes and water-plants

To do away with a rule

A law that does not stand the test of judiciary

To turn a friend into an enemy by one reason or the other

To increase greatly the speed

To make atonement for your sins

Words inscribed on the tomb of a man

A person not capable of being pleased easily

A person who mends windowpanes

A person residing in a country of which he is not a citizen

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

A person having an irresistible tendency to steal.

A remedy for all ailments

To preserve something for permanent existence

One disposed to fight or quarrel

Tendency to fight or quarrel

Ground rent is the

amount of rent that a leaseholder

pays periodically to the owner for

using a piece of land

A party who agrees to be

responsible for the payment of

another party’s debts should that

party default

The undertaking of

responsibility by one party for

another party’s debt or obligation

to perform some specific act or

duty Although the original debtor

is responsible for the debt, the

guarantor becomes liable in the

event of a default

The difference between the

market value of a security and its

collateral value Haircuts are

taken by a lender of funds in order

to protect the lender, should the

need arise to liquidate the

collateral, from losses owing to

declines in the market value of

the security

Hedge is a strategy that is

used to minimize the risk of a

particular investment and

maximize the returns of an

investment A ‘hedge’ strategy is,

most of the times, implementedwith the help of a hedge fund.This terms has been written fromthe banker’s point of view andmay be interpreted differently inthe field of finance

‘Hedge’ means toreduce financial risk A hedgefund is an investment fund open

to a limited range of investorsand requires a very large initialminimum investment It isimportant to note that hedging isactually the practice of attempting

to reduce risk, but the goal ofmost hedge funds is to maximizereturn on investment

When an item oflarge capital value is bought overtime by paying a deposit andfixing a period over which theloan will run (usually between 12and 60 months) and then payingfixed and equal repayments overthis period

A companywhich controls another company,usually by owing more than half

of its shares

TERMINOLOGY

An economic system

based on the private ownership

of the means of production and

distribution in which the goal is to

produce profit

Those who own

companies, or stocks and shares

in companies, and use them to

generate economic returns or

profits

The number of aspecies that a particular

ecosystem can support without

suffering irreversible deterioration

Production

of crops for world markets rather

than for consumption by the local

population

The defining of all

human relationships in terms of

monetary exchange

A closed form of

stratification in which an

individual’s status is determined

by birth and cannot be changed

GeorgeRitzer’s term for commercial

displays meant to inspire awe,

wonder, and enchantment in the

consumer—shopping centres,

casinos, and sports stadiums are

examples

A relationship in which a

change in one variable (the

independent variable) induces

change in another (the dependent

variable) Causal factors in

sociology include individual

motivation and many externalinfluences on human behaviourthat often go unrecognized

Power and authorityconcentrated into a few offices

A count of the population,often including a detailed profile

of that population

A personal qualityattributed to leaders who arousefervent popular support andenthusiasm

Weber’s termfor authority that rests on theextraordinary characteristics ofleaders attributed to them byfollowers

Disease of longduration, often not detected in itsearly stages, from which thepatient will not recover Examplesinclude high blood pressure anddiabetes

A body of people belonging

to an established religiousorganization

A member of a state, havingboth rights and duties associatedwith that membership

A US SupremeCourt decision in which fiveconservative justices ruled thatcorporations have the same FirstAmendment free speechprotections as a real person.Corporations, therefore, have aright to unlimited spending in USelections

The book comprises two most famous detective mystery novels—

and by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

A Study in Scarlet is an 1887 detective novel which marks the first

appearance of Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson, who would becomeamong the most famous characters in literature The book’s title derivesfrom a speech given by Holmes, an amateur detective, to his friend andchronicler Watson on the nature of his work, in which he describes thestory’s murder investigation as his “study in scarlet”

In the story, Scotland Yard calls Holmes in when they find themselvesstumped by a sensational case: a man is found dead in an empty house,and there is no indication about cause of death The leading detectivesalso can't figure out how the man got there, what he was doing there: youknow, some of that important information needed to catch a killer Holmes,

of course, immediately locates overlooked clues

Because this mystery is less about a few rather simple clues and moreabout the backstory that encompasses a good portion of the book Andit’s a doozy of a backstory, complete with wagon trains, pioneers, andMormons Yep, Mormons Not especially flattering about Mormons either

is first of the Holmes stories, it’s worth reading because

of its role in introducing characters and getting the canon started It wasalso the first story to use the magnifying glass as a tool of detection

The Valley of Fear is the fourth and final Sherlock Holmes novel by Sir

Arthur Conan Doyle It is loosely based on the Molly Maguires and Pinkerton

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BOOK REVIEW

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As the story opens, Holmes has received a message from an informant whoworks for Moriarty The informant is one whom Holmes has spent some timecultivating, and he only knows the individual as “Porlock” In the message,which is really a cipher that Holmes must decode, Holmes learns of impendingdanger to someone named Douglas at a place called Birlstone

As Holmes and Watson are pondering this mystery and what it may mean,Inspector MacDonald from Scotland Yard arrives to request Holmes’sassistance with a mystery Before MacDonald can tell him anything about

it, though, he sees the decoded cipher and wonders if Holmes has suddenlybecome a fortune-teller: the very case MacDonald needs help which involvesthe recent death of a John Douglas in Birlstone

Holmes and Watson accompany Inspector MacDonald to the scene of thecrime and find the grisly results: Mr Douglas is dead from a gunshotwound directly to the face The only immediate clues are a footprint and

a calling card, with “V.V 341” printed on it

Conan Doyle takes us to America again, back in the Wild West butthankfully lacking in Mormons Instead we’re in Vermissa Valley, amongthe fierce world of coal mining and a monopoly-hungry group of thugs It’s

a lot of detail

How Holmes solves the mystery is really interesting to read The book is

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READER'S DELIGHT

Let’s live brothers.

Do not sit close the fire

Do not say anything anybody

Death dishonour

Do not quarrel with anybody nothing

seeing the lion, the deer took its heels

hard work, he could not get good marks

blaming others for your failure, try to hone your ownskills

his possible visit this place, we must be wellprepared the case

How many more men are there you who have a similarcomplaint?

Rome was not built a day

You cannot kill a dog a bone

Take nothing granted

Charity begins home

Some books are better others

Why do you climb the hill your goggles on?His conduct is doubt

This news cast a gloom the whole village

Nobody is the law

what conditions are you ready to accept this proposal?His conduct calls strict action him

Who can bear such an insult?

PREPOSITIONS

Do not find a gift horse the mouth.

It is the bargain

The frog jumped the pond

The cat jumped the table

The boat sank the river

Who prevented you doing this task?

It is better to depend yourself rather anybody else

���

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A Book to Clear the Confusion in ConfusingEnglish Words and Their Usage

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It has an agonising wait stakeholders interests in Patialareal estate market four years now The grim grey clouds slowdown still have no silver as in spite the announcement two major schemes the state government buyers have decided stay Interestingly, ever the registry deeds of unauthorisedcolonies have banned, the market failed find buyers ready cash two major schemes the government, includingauction of commercial sites Rajpura Road and the one on Nabha Road, failed to attract buyers widely publicised auction notices

of the major reasons no movement the realty market here is investors have the “power” to generate momentum themarket ready cash have been missing the scene over fouryears now the prices of residential commercial propertiesstagnating 2010 levels, investors already burnt their and

in mood to take more risks in a “market of returns”that Patiala become Tardy infrastructure growth the city is reason has stunted the real estate growth here Many the newcolonies developed the city periphery are to have stablecivic amenities system Potholed roads, lack sewerage and poor waterand electricity connections have made life difficult those having

He is afflicted a serious disease.

Why did you behave rude before the guests?

I want no any help from anybody

The train met an accident last night

I do not agree with your proposal

Has he got extension in his service?

The boy is my friend whom we met in the park.Who cares the poor?

Pride hath fall

They took advantage at the situation

Love beget love

They who are honest are respected

The culprit was hung

The thief was lynched from the mob

I took him for task

FINDING ERRORS

He has invited me at tea.

The sugar should not be taken in large quantities

I do not never go to the theatre

He asked me what brings me there

Being a good day, we decided for a picnic

���

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