Grammar for English ( Độc quyền ) P.3

LEADER 3 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS INDEX Card 1_01 Past perfect Simple Past x Past Perfect Card 2_01 Pres Perf: how long, since, for Present Perfect Present perfect x simple past Simp

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LEADER 3 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS

INDEX

Card 1_01

Past perfect

Simple Past x Past Perfect

Card 2_01

Pres Perf: how long, since, for

Present Perfect

Present perfect x simple past

Simple Past / Present Perfect

Card 5_01

Present perfect continous (vs Present perfect)

Present Perfect Continuos

Card 6_01

Future forms contrasted

Future – Reading comprehension

Card 6_03 Future – Present continuous / going to / will Card 6_04 Future – Will / going to / present continuous

Card 7_01

Used

WOULD vs USED TO

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Card 13_01

Second conditional

Second Conditional

Card 14_01

Second conditional

Second Conditional

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LEADER 3 – Card 1_01

SIMPLE PAST X PAST PERFECT

Directions: Fill in the blanks using the verbs in the parenthesis Follow the example

Example: My car (to stop) because I (to forget) to put some gas in

it

Answer: My car stopped because I had forgotten to put some gas in it

1 Susan (to live) in Scotland before she (to move) to Australia

2 I (to call) you before you (to leave) your house

3 Before Tom (to sing) my favorite song he (to play) the piano for me

4 They (to decide) to go to the movies before I (to get) there

5 I (to be) very tired because I (to work) the whole day

6 John _(to watch) the whole movie after I _(to go) to bed

7 Rick (to do) his homework after he (to play) baseball

8 I (to buy) a new pair of shoes before I (to get)

my paycheck

9 Reese (to stop) running after he (to see) me

10 Wally (to leave) by the time I (to arrive)

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SIMPLE PAST X PAST PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

1 had lived / moved

2 had called / left

3 sang / had played

4 had decided / got

5 was / had worked

6 watched / had gone

7 did / had played

8 had bought / got

9 stopped / had seen

10 had left / arrived

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SIMPLE PAST / PAST PERFECT

Directions: Complete the sentences using the simple past or past perfect

1 By the time I (to get) there, they already

the cake (to cut)

2 I (to buy) a new car after I (to crash) my old one

3 My parents (to live) in Hungary before they (to move) to France

4 After he (to see) the doctor, he (to get) better

5 Suzan (to phone) her boss before she (to take) her car to the garage

6 Gina (to break) her leg after she (to play) football

7 Tom (to be) very tired because he (to work) hard all day

8 She just (to step) into her office when the telephone (to ring)

9 Bill (to hope) to retire at 60, but they (to persuade) him

to stay on for a few more years

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ANSWER KEY:

1 got/ had/ cut

2 bought/ had crashed

3 had lived/ moved

4 had seen/ got

5 had phoned/ took

6 broke/ had played

7 was/ had worked

8 had stepped/ rang

9 had hoped/ persuaded

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Directions: Complete the sentences using the simple past or the past perfect

1 Her father _ (die) in 2006 He _ (to be) ill since 2004

2 Carolina (to marry) Tom in 2001 She (to know) him for 10 years

3 She (to return) to Scotland in 2005 She

(to live) in the USA for 20 years

4 He (to see) his daughter again in 2003 She

(not to see) since 1999

5 Carlos and Ellen (to get) divorced in 2002 They

(to be) married for 14 years

6 Lillian (to retire) in 2004 She (to work) as a secretary since 1978

7 Daddy (leave) Russia in early 1990’s He

(to meet) Ivan there

8 David (to remarry) in 1998 He (to be) single for 5 years

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ANSWER KEY:

1 died/ had been

2 married/ had known

3 returned/ had lived

4 saw/ hadn’t seen

5 got/ had been

6 retired/ had worked

7 left/ had met

8 remarried/ had been

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PAST PERFECT / SIMPLE PAST

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the Past Perfect or Simple Past

1 After Fred (to spend) his holiday in Italy, he (to want) to learn Italian

2 Jill (to phone) Marta at work before she (to leave) for her trip

3 Philip (to turn on) the radio after he (to wash) the dishes

4 When she (to arrive) the match

(to start - already)

5 After the man (to come) home, he (to feed) the cat

6 Before he (to sing) a song, he (to play) the guitar

7 She (to watch) a video after the children (to go) to bed

8 After Eric (to make) breakfast, he (to phone) his friend

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PAST PERFECT / SIMPLE PAST

ANSWER KEY:

1 had spent/ wanted

2 had phoned/ left

3 turned on/ had washed

4 arrived/ had already started

5 had come/ fed

6 sang/ had played

7 watched/ had gone

8 had made/ phoned

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PAST PERFECT

Directions: Complete the blanks of this diary with the correct form of the verbs:

"Last night as I (1.wait) for Jack (2.come) home, the phone (3.ring) and it (4.be) _ him He

truck (9.hit) _ his car It (10.rain) earlier in the

only a few cuts and bruises."

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PAST PERFECT

Read the situations and rewrite them using just one sentence

Ex: Wilson went out at 3

Linda got there at 3:05

Wilson had already gone when Linda got there.

1 The film started at 8 We got there at 8:15

2 The rain stopped at noon We went out a few minutes later

3 The bus left on time I got to the bus station late

4 Tony interviewed five people on Monday and Brenda on Tuesday

5 I finished breakfast and you came in a few minutes later

6 I fell asleep and a few minutes later the phone rang

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PAST PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

1 The film had already started when we got there

2 The rain had already stopped when we went out

3 The bus had already left when I got to the bus station

4 Tony had already interviewed five people when he saw Brenda

5 I had already finished breakfast when you came in

6 I had already fallen asleep when the phone rang

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PAST PERFECT

Find the conversations Fill in the blanks with the correct past perfect forms

1 Did you put the car in the garage?

2 Did you have a good dinner at the Lincoln’s?

3 Why didn't you go to the movies with your friends?

4 Why was Kelly so sad yesterday?

5 Why did Frank drop out of the class?

6 Didn’t Joe and Karen get married awfully soon?

a) No, they (know) each other for years

b) No, my brother (already/put) it in when I got home

c) No, they (already/finish) eating by the time I got there

d) Because I (already/see) the film

e) She (just/break up) with her boyfriend

f) He realized that he (already/read) all the books

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PAST PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

1 b / had already put

2 c / had already finished

3 d / had already seen

4 e / had just broken up

5 f / had already read

6 a / had known

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1 (I / eat Indian food/ before)

I had never eaten Indian food before I went to England

2 (The car / crash/ by the time)

6 (my dad/ arrive home/ when)

7 (we / finish the test /when)

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PRESENT PERFECT

Directions: Complete the sentences with present perfect of the verbs below

see be lose grow read break go check eat study

1 I’m looking for my car key I _ it

2 A bus in the middle of the avenue

3 How often _ they the temperature today?

4 you _ Mary?

5 John looks weird He a beard

6 Mr Lorne _ out He’ll be back in an hour

7 _ you to the bank today?

8 I _ hard this semester

9 I’m hungry I _ anything since lunch

10 She _ already all of J.K Rowling’s books

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PRESENT PERFECT with FOR and SINCE

Directions: Use the information given in each sentence to write two sentences Use for and since

Situation: Mr Leigh has found some of his old diaries and is telling a friend some things

he and his relatives have or haven’t done for some time

Example:

1 I moved to Horton in 1998 when I got married (Use the verb to live)

2 My wife last saw her sister in 2007, when she went to live in Australia (Use a

negative form)

3 My father started collecting old coins in 2003, when he retired

4 Jan, my daughter, met her boyfriend three years ago, when she began her studies at

university (Use the verb to know)

5 I bought my present car in 2010 (Use the verb to own)

6 Aunt Lily stopped eating meat in 2008, when a doctor told her it was bad for her

(Use a negative form)

7 My mother gave up driving six years ago, when her eyesight failed (Use a negative

form)

8 I began to wear glasses eight years ago, when I started getting headaches at work

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PRESENT PERFECT with FOR and SINCE

ANSWER KEY:

2 a) hasn’t seen her sister since 2007

b) hasn’t seen her sister for _ years c) hasn’t seen her sister since she went to

Australia

3 a) has collected coins since 2003

b) has collected coins for _ years

c) has collected coins since he retired

4 a) has known her boyfriend since _

b) has known her boyfriend for _ years

c) has known her boyfriend since she began her

studies

5 a) have owned my present car since 2010

b) have owned my present car for _ years

6 a) hasn’t eaten meat since 2008

b) hasn’t eaten meat for _ years

c) hasn’t eaten meat since a doctor told her it

7 a) hasn’t driven since _

b) hasn’t driven for 6 years

c) hasn’t driven since her eyesight failed

8 a) have worn glasses since _

b) have worn glasses for 8 years

c) have worn glasses since I started getting

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PRESENT PERFECT WITH FOR / SINCE

How long have you been married?

For 10 years or Since 1978 or Ten years or I got married in 1978

OR I have been / I’ve been married since 1978

Carlos moved to Canada 19 years ago

OR He has / He’s lived in Canada for 19 years

NOTE: Use for to indicate duration

Use since to indicate when the action started

Use for or since in the sentences

1 A: Have you practiced piano today?

B: Yeah

A: How long?

B: Come on, Mom For at least an hour.

2 A: Have you lived here long?

B: Oh, yes _ 1963

3 A: How long have they had their summer home?

B: _ a few years They bought it when they

retired

4 A: Have you gone skiing lately?

B: No, not _ last winter

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Directions: Fill in the blanks with for or since

1 We’ve been fishing two hours

2 I’ve been working in this office a month

3 They’ve been living in France 1970

4 He has been in prison a year

5 I’ve known that a long time

6 That man has been standing there six o’clock

7 She has worn the same hat 1975

8 Things have changed a lot I was a girl

9 The water has been boiling a quarter of an hour

10 The central heating has been on October

11 That trunk has been in the hall a year

12 He has been very ill the last month

13 I’ve been using this machine twelve years

14 We’ve been waiting half an hour

15 Mr Pitt has been in the hospital his accident

16 He hasn’t spoken to me the last committee meeting

17 I have been very patient with you several years

18 The workers have been on strike November

19 The strike has lasted six months

20 It has been very foggy early morning

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It is 1984 Write sentences with for or since and the Present Perfect

Frank Silvers moved to Toronto in 1973 For several months he couldn’t find a job, but

in 1974 he got a teaching position at Minnetonka Elementary School In 1975, he met Susan Miller They got married in 1978 In 1980, Frank became principal of Minnetonka Frank and Susan bought a house in 1981, and in 1983 they bought five acres of land in the country

1 Frank has lived in Toronto since 1973 / for 11 years

Frank / live in Toronto

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3 He has been the principal of the school since 1980 / for 4 years

4 Frank and Susan have known each other since 1975 / for 9 years

5 They’ve been married since 1978 / for 6 years

6 They’ve had their house since 1981 / for 3 years

7 They’ve owned their property in the country since 1983 / for 1 year

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UNIT 1 - SIMPLE PAST X PAST CONTINUOUS X PAST PERFECT (1)

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past, the Past Continuous or the Past Perfect of the verbs in parentheses

I _ (1 do) my homework in the living room, when suddenly I (2 hear) a strange noise and a scream I immediately _ (3 stop) doing what I _ (4 do) and _ (5 rush) to the kitchen It was the maid who _ (6 drop) the hot chocolate cake baking pan she _ (7.take out) of the oven

That woman _ (8 start) crying when she _ (9 see) there was no money left in her purse for her to pay the bus fare She _ (10 forget) to withdraw money from the ATM machine before going to the bus stop and

_ (11 get) desperate when she _ (12 see) it was midnight

John _ (13 talk) on his mobile phone while driving his car the other day

He _(14 be) on a quiet road, but a dog (15 show up) right before him and he couldn’t avoid the accident He _ (16 crash) his car into a tree and the dog _ (17 die) He feels really bad about the whole thing

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UNIT 1 - SIMPLE PAST X PAST CONTINUOUS X PAST PERFECT (2)

Directions: Select the best alternative in order to complete each paragraph with the correct verb tense and agreement

A) Sophie was cleaning up / cleaned up (1) her bedroom last week when she found many

of the toys she was playing with / played with (2) when she was being / was (3) a child They reminded / were reminding (4) her of how good her childhood was being / had been (5)

B) Tony didn’t realize / wasn’t realizing (6) the maid had washed / was washing (7) the kitchen floor when he went / had gone (8) in yesterday That is why he had slipped / slipped (9) and fell / had fallen (10) Thank God he hadn’t gotten hurt / didn’t get hurt

(11)

C) I was going back / had gone back (12) home at 10 PM the other day when all the

lights had gone out / went out (13) People on the streets were worried because the

subway and train systems had working / were not working (14) so the traffic got / had gotten (15) really jammed The following day we were hearing / heard (16) in the news that that had been / was being (17) the worst blackout ever in São Paulo

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11 didn’t get hurt

12 was going back

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PAST TENSES EXERCISE

Complete using simple past, past continuous or past perfect:

1 Yesterday, Tom and I 1.(decide) to invite people over for some barbecue at 1pm I 2 (light) the fire at 12 and it _ 3.(still/burn) brightly when Tom _ 4.(come) in… at 2 pm! I 5 (get) really mad that he was late

2 When I 6 (arrive), Ann 7.(leave), so we had only time for a few words Unfortunately, Bob _ 8.(leave) some minutes before, so we didn’t meet

3 When I 9 (arrive) at 1:15pm, she 10.(have) lunch She _11 (apologize) and 12 (say) she always has lunch at 1pm

4 He suddenly _ 13 (notice) he _ 14 (head) in the wrong direction He 15 (realize) he 16 (take) the wrong train

5 The wind _ 17 (blow) away the letter I _18

(just/receive) at the front door

6 A: You _19 (look) very busy when I 20 (see) you last night What _ you _ 21 (do)?

B: I 22.(look) at the picture that my brother-in-law

23 (take) of my kids

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**different verb tenses and different meanings!

She was having lunch means that the action was in progress when I arrived She had had lunch means that lunch was over when I arrived

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LEADER 3 – Card 4_01

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Fill in the blanks with a Present Perfect Continuous to complete the dialogs

1 A: How long have you been smoking ? (you / smoking)

B: Two years, but I want to quit

2 A: How long _ contact lenses? (she / wear)

B: Just a month She went to the optician in May

3 A: What lately? (you / do)

B: Well, I got married last month

4 A: How long _? (Jim and Nancy / date)

B: Since they met - in August

5 A: How long _ the guitar? (she / play)

B: For two years She played the piano before that

6 A: How long ? (we / walk)

B: Oh, several hours But we’ve had a lot to talk about

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ANSWER KEY:

2 has she been wearing

3 have you been doing

4 have Jim and Nancy been dating

5 has she been playing

6 have we been talking

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Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous form of verbs

1 John Jones is a writer He’s written two books, and he’s been writing a third since

last November

2 Linda has read ten books already this year, and _ this one for the last week

3 Ace Building Company has constructed eleven buildings in three years They

this one since right after Christmas

4 Michael has painted many pictures over the past few years He this new one for a month or so

5 Mrs Appleby has made four dresses in the last three months _

this fifth one for a week

6 The students have taken five tests already this week this extra

one for the last hour

7 Mr Mason has built five houses in the last year, and this other

one for the past two months

8 Anne Stone has typed five reports already today, and the sixth

one since 3 o’clock

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ANSWER KEY:

1 he’s been writing

2 she’s been reading

3 ’ve been constructing

4 ’s been painting

5 She’s been making

6 They’ve been taking

7 he’s been building

8 she’s been typing

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PRESENT PERFECT / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses

1 The students (work) very well this term

2 I only (hear) from him twice since he went away

3 I (grease) my car That’s why my hands are so dirty

4 She (polish) this table all morning and she isn’t satisfied with it yet

5 I (work) for him for ten years and he never once (say) ‘Good morning’ to me

6 He (teach) in this school for five years

7 I (teach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class as this

8 A: Why (you / be) so long in the garage?

B: The tires were flat I (pump) them up I (pump) up three

tires Would you like to do the fourth?

9 I (look) for mushrooms but I (neg / find) any

10 He (cough) a lot lately He ought to give up smoking

11 A: (you / hear) the news? Tom and Ann are engaged!

B: That’s not new I (know) that for ages!

12 I (try) to finish this letter for the last half-hour I wish you’d go away or stop talking I (hardly / say) anything

13 The driver of that car (sound) his horn for the last tem minutes

14 It (rain) for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match (be)

postponed

15 He (hope) for a raise in salary for six months but he (neg dare) to ask for it yet

16 Mr Smith, you (whisper) to the student on your right for the last five minutes (you / help) him with his exam paper or he (help) you ?

17 A: Why (you / make) such a horrible noise?

B: I (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my wife by throwing stones at her window A: You (throw) stones at the wrong window You live next door

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3 have been greasing

4 has been polishing

5 have been working / have worked, has said

6 has been teaching / has taught

7 have taught, have never met

8 have you been, have been pumping / have pumped

9 have been looking / have looked, haven’t found

10 has been coughing / has coughed

11 have you heard / have known

12 have been trying / have hardly said

13 has been sounding

14 has been raining / has rained, has been postponed

15 has been hoping / hasn’t dared

16 have been whispering / have you been helping / has he been helping

17 have you been making / have lost / have been trying / have been throwing

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