Các dạng ngữ pháp tiếng anh thường gặp trong các kỳ thi tuyển sinh THCS, THPT và các kỳ thi tiếng anh đầu vào cao học. Đây là tài liệu sưu tầm, không phải do tác giả soạn nên có nhiều hạn chế, mong xem và bổ sung.
Trang 1NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
1 Các thành phần đứng sau động từ To Be :
a Be + Adj Ex : I am clever
Adj ⇒ Verb + ing ( nghĩa chủ động) or Verb + ed (nghĩa bị động ) + Noun
EX: a boring lecture or a bored man
b Be + Noun phrase
c Be + preposition : be at home, be in class
d Be + V-ing Ex : I am learning English
e Be + V3/ed Ex : The dog was killed by this man
f Be + to + V1 Ex : To learn English well is to try your best
2 NOUN PHRASE ( làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong câu ) GỒM :
a A/An … + Adj + Noun
Ex : She is a nice girl ( tính từ luôn đứng trước danh từ )
b A/An… + Adv + Adj + Noun (Adverb of degree or Adv-ly)
Ex: an extremely nice girl
Ex: a completely right test
Adverbs of degree ( trạng từ chỉ mức độ ):
extremely, very, rather, quite, fairly, pretty
Adverb of manner ( trạng từ chỉ thể cách ) : Adj + ly
c A/AN + ADJ – ADJ – ADJ - + SINGULAR NOUN
EX: A four – month – old baby A one – eye man
d Noun phrase + Preposition ( in, on, at, with, for, … ) + Noun phrase
Ex : The leg of the table is terrible
The legs of the table are terrible
Trang 2NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
3. Short Adj – est
One of the Most + long Adj + Noun(s/es) + V -S/es ( is/was) +
First, second + Adj
Ex: One of the nicest girls in my class/ of all (girls) is Mary ( Một trong những …… )
Mary is one of the nicest girls in my class/ of all (girls)
4 Cách dùng “ there” :
- There + be +( not )+ any + singular uncount noun/ plural noun
→ There is/was + ( not ) + any + danh từ số ít
→ There are/were ( not ) + any + danh từ số nhiều
→ There has (not ) been + danh từ số ít
→ There have ( not ) been + danh từ số nhiều
5 Cách dùng “ neither và either”
a Neither + Noun + nor + Plural noun + Plural verb + O
Ex: Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today
b Neither + Noun + nor + Singular noun + Singular verb + O
Ex: Neither Jack nor Bill is going to the beach today
c Either + Noun + or + Plural noun + Plural verb + O
Ex: Either John or his friends are going to the beach today
d Either + Noun + or + Singular noun + Singular verb + O
Ex: Either Jack or Bill is going to the beach today
6. V-ing + N + Singular verb = Vs/es + O ( V-ing: Gerund as Subjects)
Ex: Writing many letters makes her happy
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7. a A number of + Plural noun + Plural verb (A number of=Many)
Ex: A number of students are going to the class picnic
b The number of + Plural noun + Singular verb
Ex: The number of days in a week is seven
8 a S (person) + need + to-infinitive + O
Ex: His friend needs to learn English well
b S (person) + need + someone + to-infinitive + O
c S ( an inanimate object as S: Vật vô tri, vô giác) need +
Ex: The grass needs cutting or The grass needs tobe cut
d. S + Be + in need of + Noun ( be in need of = need )
Ex: He is in need of money
9. S + used to +V1 + O (thường thường: chỉ một thói quan trong quá khứ)
Ex: When he was young, he used to swim once a day (past time habit)
10. a S + be + used to +Ving+ O ( quen với, BE chia ở hiện tại hoặc quá khứ là tùy ý và Chủ từ luôn chỉ người)
Ex: Mary is used to reading books everyday
b. S + be + used to + V1 … ( Khi Chủ từ chỉ vật - bị động , nghĩa là “ … Được
dùng để ….”
c S + get + used to +Ving+ O (dần dần làm quen với, từ từ quen với )
Ex: Mary gets used to swimming everyday
11 Would rather than : thích hơn
a S + would rather + V1 + Noun + than + V1 / Noun
Ex: Peter would rather drink Coca-Cola than orange juice
to be + V 3/ED
V - ING
Trang 4NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
Note: Hình thức phủ định của
- Would rather + V1 là Would rather not + V1
12 Prefer to : thích hơn
a S + prefer + Noun + to + Noun
Ex: He prefers football to tennis
b S + prefer + Ving + O + to + Ving + O
Ex: He prefers playing football to watching film
13. a S + would like + to V1 + O (would like: thích) = want to + V1
Ex: I would like to visit Japan
b S + would like + someone + to V1 + O
= want + someone + to V1 + O
had better
14 S + ought to + V1 + O ( nên làm … như lời khuyên )
should
be supposed to ( had better ≠ had better not )
Ex: You should study harder now
15 Cách dùng động từ “ Must” :
a S + must + V1 ( nguyên mẫu không chia)+ O ( phải : no choice)
Ex: You must study tonight
b S + must + be + N ( chắc có lẽ : not sure)
Ex: He must be a doctor
c S + must + be + V-ing ( … chắc có lẽ đang ……)
Ex: She must be freezing now
d S + must have + V3/D + O.( chắc có lẽ đã : một kết luận hợp lý ở quá khứ)
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Ex: It must have rained last night (It probably rained last night)
16 Cách dùng động từ “ Have” :
a S + have + Noun phrase
Ex: He has a new car
b S + have to + V1 + O ( phải = must)
Ex: He has to call his insurance agent today
c S + have + V3/ed ……
Ex : He has done his homework for 15 minutes
17 S + be + different from + Noun ≠ S+ be the same as …
Ex: Their teacher is different from ours
18. Cách dùng “ enough” :
a S + be + Adj + enough + for someone to + V1
Ex: It is not cold enough for you to wear a heavy jacket
b S + action verb + Adv-ly + enough + for someone to + V1
Ex: She speaks English quickly enough for me to catch up = understand
c S + V + enough + Noun…
Ex: Do you have enough sugar for the cake?
19. Cách dùng “ too” :
a S + be + too + Adj + for someone + to + V1 ( ….quá ……không thể … )
b S + action verb + too + Adv-ly + for someone to + V1
20. Cách dùng “ so … that …và such …… that” :
a S + V + so + Adj/ Adv-ly + that + S + V ( quá đến nỗi )
Ex: The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more
Tính từ là động từ to be đứng trước nó
Trang 6NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
Trạng từ chỉ thể cách là động từ thường chỉ hành động đứng trước nó
b S + V + so + many/ few +plural count noun + that + S + V
S + V + so + much/ little +singular uncount noun + that + S + V
Ex: He had so many children that they formed his own baseball team
Ex: The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat
c S + V + such + a/an +Adj + singular count noun + that + S + V ( quá đến nỗi )
Ex: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors
S + V + such +Adj + non- count noun + that + S + V
Ex : This is such difficult homework that he never finishes it
d. S + V + such +Adj + plural count noun + that + S + V
Ex: These are such difficult problems that he never finished them.
21. Cách dùng “ because” :
a. Because + S + V + O, S + V + O
Ex: Because there was a traffic jam, the students arrived late
b. Because of = In light of = due to = thanks to + N/noun phrase, S + V + O
Ex: The students arrived late because of the traffic jam
22 Cách dùng “ so that = in order that/ to = in order to ” :
a S + V + + so that/ in order that + S + V ( để )
Ex: He studied very hard so that he could pass the test
b S + V + + to/ in order to + V1 + ( ….in order for + someone to + V1)
Ex: He studied very hard to pass the test
23 S + be + scared of + Ving + O = be afraid of ( e sợ … )
Ex: She is scared of living on her own in such a big city
24 a S + reminds + someone + of + Noun /Ving ( nhắc nhở ai về việc gì đó )
Trang 7NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
Ex: That picture reminds me of the time when we loved each other
b. S + reminds + someone + to + V1 ( nhắc nhở ai làm việc gì đó )
Ex : She reminds him to learn English
c S + reminds + someone + that + S + V … ( nhắc nhở ai rằng …… )
25 a S + be aware of + Noun / Ving ( nhận thức được … )
b S + be aware of + Wh/H- words + S + V …
c S + be aware that + S + V ……… ( Noun clause ) ( nhận thức rằng … )
26 S + accuse + Someone + of + Noun / Ving ( buộc tội, tố cáo ai … )
27 S + apologize to + Someone + for + Noun / Ving ( xin lỗi ai về việc gì )
28. It takes/took somebody + time + to infinitive (Ai đó mất bao lâu để làm gì )
29. Time clause: Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian: Áp dụng phương thức cho các mẫu câu dưới:
* The present time phối hợp với The present time ( Hiện tại – Hiện tại )
* The future time phối hợp với The present time ( Tương lai – Hiện tại)
* The past time phối hợp với The past time ( Quá khứ - Quá khứ )
a Since ( từ khi )+ S + V2/ED + O , S + have/has + V3/ED + O
Khác với : It + be + time + since + S + V2/ED ( Since đôi khi có thể bỏ đi)
b When ( khi) + S + V2/ED + O , S + had + V3/ED + O ( ngoài had + V3/ed ra còn dùng V2/ed, was/were + V-ing )
c.As soon as ( ngay khi)/ Once(một khi)+ S + have/has + V3/ED + O, S + will + V1 +
d While + S + be + V-ing …, S + be + V-ing …/ V2/ed
e After + S + have/has + V3/ED …, S + Vs/es or w ill + V1 …
Af t e r + S + had + V3/ED … , S + V2/ED …
Trang 8NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
f B e f o r e S + Vs/es … , S + have/has + V3/ED…
Before + S + V2/ed …, S + had + V3/ED …
30. It + be + the short Adj-est/ the most + long Adj + S + have/has + ever + V3/ED
( …….nhất đã từng )
Ex : It is the most important thing he has ever done
31 Noun Clause ( mệnh đề danh từ với that ):
S + say/believe/know/rumour… (that) + S* + V…
= It is said/believed/known/rumoured/reported that + S + V Người ta nói/tin/đồn/báo cáo rằng
- Hoặc S* + be + said/ + tobe + a/an… + adj + noun
32. S + object / confess / look forward + to + noun phrase/ Ving ( phản đối / thú tội/ mong chờ … )
33. S + find / find out + that + S + V nhận thấy rằng
34. S + happen + to-infinitive tình cờ
35.It was not until + time + that + S + V2/ED mãi cho đến thì
It was not until + S + had + V3/ed + that + S + V2/ED
36 The only/first/last … + Noun + who/which + V (usually V2/ED) + be + Noun The only/first/last … + Noun + to + V1 + O + be + Noun ( Active ) ( reduced ) The only/first/last + Noun + to + be V3/ed + O + be + Noun ( Passive )( reduced )
37. S + spend/waste + time + Ving + or Time + be spent + Ving … …
38.S + apologize to + Someone + for + keeping + someone + waiting Xin lỗi vì để ai đợi
Trang 9NGUYEN TRAN THUY ANH
39. It + be + stupid = silly = foolish/shy/ careless / unfair + of + someone + to do + Sth.
Ai thật khờ/ e thẹn/ bất cẩn / không công bằng đễ làm gì
40.S + be tire of = be bored with = be fed up with+ SO + Ving Không thích ai làm gì
41. S + be + busy = busy with + Ving
42.S + find/found = make + it + adj + to + V1 / Ving nhận thấy thật để
43. S + see / watch+ someone/living things + V1/Ving
44. S + see/ watch + Something + V3/ED (by )
45 Let + someone + V1 + something
= allow/ permit + someone + to+ V1 + something ( cho phép ai làm gì … )
46 a S + know how to + V1 ( biết làm gì )
b S + learn to / how to + V1 ( học cách làm gì )
c S + teach + SO + how to + V1 ( dạy ai làm gì )
d S + get/ learn + something + from + someone ( học hỏi cái gì từ ai )
e S + explain + something + to + someone ( giải thích cái gì cho ai hiểu )
47 S + be + capable/ incapable + of + noun/ V_ING = be able/ unable + to + V1
48 S + V + from + time/place + to + time/place
49 S+ prevent = stop/ protect + someone + from + noun/ V_ING ( ngăn chặn/ bảo vệ ai khỏi cái gì … )
50 Quantity words + of + Adj clause ( both of, most of, many of, much of, some of )
EX : I read a number of articles Most of them were very useful
I read a number of articles, most of which were very useful
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51. Like ≠ Unlike + Noun/Noun Phrase, S + V + O ( giống như/ không giống như )
52 S + not only + V + + but also + V + = not only ……….but …… as well
S + either + V + or + / … neither ……….nor
S + V + + whether + S + V + + or not
both … and / between ….and …
53 S + V + + without ( mà không cần … ) + Noun / Ving
Ex : She cannot live without money
Ex: I cannot stand her looking at me without closing her eyes
- Action Verbs + Adv-ly Ex : I slept soundly
- Action Verbs + O + Adv-ly Ex: I pass the exam successfully
- Adv-ly + Action Verbs + O Ex : I successfully pass the exam
- Auxiliary verb ( do/does/ did/ have ….) + Adv-ly + main verb
Ex: have recently been
- Action Verbs + Adv-ly + Preposition (giới từ ) Ex : think carefully of
- A/An… + Adv-ly + Adj + Noun Ex: a very good student
55 CLAUSE WITH “IT” : Mệnh đề với “ It”
a IT + BE + ADJ + FOR SOMEONE + TO + V1 ……
EX: It is important to be punctual for appointments
EX: It takes him a long time to learn a language
c ITWAS IN + ADVERBIAL TIME + THAT + S + V + O (Noun clause)
EX: It was in 1959 that Alaska became a state
d.IT WAS + PROPER NAME/ S PRONOUN + who + V2/ed
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EX: It was Jack who did most of the work
It was she who came to class with this news
e.IT + BE + THE FIRST/SECOND….+ time + S + HAVE/HAS + V3/ED + O
Ex: It is the first time I have seen you
f. IT + BE + TIME FOR ME/ YOU … TO + V1
Ex: It is time for him to get married
g IT + BE SAID/BELIEVED… that S + V + O
Ex: It was said that he was a superman
56 Cách dùng “ Make”
a. S + MAKE(S)/ FIND + IT + ADJ + FOR + SOMEONE + TO + V1 ( Nhận thấy … thật … để … )
b. S + MAKE(S)/ DRIVE + SOMEONE + ADJ ( Khiến, làm, chọc … ai … )
c. S + MAKE(S) + SOMEONE + V1 ( Khiến, làm, chọc … ai … )
57 INVERSIONS: ĐẢO NGỮ : trợ động từ đứng trước chủ từ
a. Not only/ No longer/ Not once/ At no time/ By no means/ Nowhere/ Never/ Seldom= Rarely/Scarcely/ No sooner/Hardly/ + auxiliary verb + S + main Verb ( Auxiliary verbs : do/does/did …… )
EX: Not once was he on time
b Only in (on, at, by, ) + noun phrase/Only once/Only recently + auxiliary verb + S + main V
EX: Only in an emergency should you use this exit
c Only if/Only because/Only until/Only when/Only after/ + S+V+O + aux.V+ S + main V…
EX: Only when she is satisfied is the sale considered final ( đảo ngữ vế sau )
d So + Adj or Participle (VING/ VED) + auxiliary verb + S + V
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EX: So rare is this coin that it belong in a museum
So confusing was the map that we had to ask the police officer for directions
Đặc biệt lưu ý 2 mẫu câu này :
• Hardly + had + S + V3/ed + O when S + V2/ed + O
• No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + O + than S + V2/ed + O
58 PASSIVE VOICE : Câu bị động khi chủ từ chỉ vật
S (things) + Be + V3/ED … By +… + O
The + Noun ( things ) which + be + V3/ED …… + main verb……
The + Noun ( Person ) who + be + V3/ED …… + main verb……
* to be made to + V1 * be provided with + something
59 CAUSATIVE VERBS : động khiến, nhờ, muốn ai làm gì cho mình
a S + HAVE/HAS + SOMEONE + V1 (VERB IN SIMPLE FORM) + O (ACTIVE) Ex: Mary had John wash the car
b S + GET + SOMEONE + TO + V1 + O (ACTIVE)
Ex: Mary got John to wash the car
c S + HAVE/HAS/GET + SOMETHING + V3/ED (PASSIVE)
Ex: Mary had the car washed by John
d S + MAKE + SOMEONE + V1 + O ( BắT AI LÀM GÌ)
Ex: The robber made the seller give him the money
e S + LET + SO + V1 ( CHO PHÉP ) or Let S.O + not + V1 …
Ex: The teacher let the student leave class early
= S + ALLOW/PERMIT + SOMEONE + TO/NOT TO + V1
f S + WANT/NEED/FORCE… + SOMEONE + TO/NOT TO + V1
g S + HELP + + SOMEONE + V1 OR TO + V1
60 Cách dùng “ feel” : feel – felt –felt