Giáo trình Autocad 2010 (English)

Ellen’s first book was AutoCAD For Dummies Quick Reference.. 139 Chapter 9: Editing Your Drawing with Basic Tools.... 169 Chapter 10: Editing Your Drawing with Advanced Tools .... .xxxix

AutoCAD LT®

2010 Bible

AutoCAD 2010 &

2010 Bible

Ellen Finkelstein

AutoCAD ® 2010 & AutoCAD LT ® 2010 Bible

Copyright © 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600 Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-

6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions

LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED

OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.

For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S at (877) 762-2974, outside the U.S at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002

Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927851

Trademarks: Wiley and related trade dress are registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission Autodesk, AutoCAD, AutoCAD LT, DWF, DWG, and the DWG logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the U.S.A and/or certain other countries Certain content, including trial software, provided courtesy Autodesk, Inc., © 2009 All rights reserved All other

trademarks are the property of their respective owners Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book

intelligent, powerful, and blissful.

in English After returning to the United States, she started consulting and teaching AutoCAD as well as other computer programs, including Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint She has also taught courses

on Web writing and usability Her Web site, www.ellenfinkelstein.com, contains tips and niques for AutoCAD, PowerPoint, and presenting, and she publishes the AutoCAD Tips Blog, and a monthly AutoCAD Tips Newsletter Ellen has written extensively on AutoCAD, including articles for Autodesk’s Web site and features for AutoCAD’s Help system Ellen’s first book was AutoCAD For Dummies Quick Reference Since then, she has written books on PowerPoint, OpenOffice.org (OpenOffice.org For Dummies), Flash (such as Flash CS4 For Dummies), and Web technologies (Syndicating Web Sites with RSS Feeds For Dummies) You’re holding the tenth edition (wow!) of this book, which previously appeared for AutoCAD releases 14, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009

tech-Senior Acquisitions Editor

Proofreading

Bonnie Mikkelson

Indexing

BIM Indexing & Proofreading Services

Media Development Project Manager

Part I: AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Basics 1

Quick Start: Drawing a Window 3

Chapter 1: Starting to Draw 15

Chapter 2: Opening a Drawing 29

Chapter 3: Using Commands 37

Chapter 4: Specifying Coordinates 61

Chapter 5: Setting Up a Drawing 97

Part II: Drawing in Two Dimensions 113

Chapter 6: Drawing Simple Lines 115

Chapter 7: Drawing Curves and Points 123

Chapter 8: Viewing Your Drawing 139

Chapter 9: Editing Your Drawing with Basic Tools 169

Chapter 10: Editing Your Drawing with Advanced Tools 193

Chapter 11: Organizing Drawings with Layers, Colors, Linetypes, and Lineweights 255

Chapter 12: Obtaining Information from Your Drawing 289

Chapter 13: Creating Text 309

Chapter 14: Drawing Dimensions 361

Chapter 15: Creating Dimension Styles 411

Chapter 16: Drawing Complex Objects 443

Chapter 17: Plotting and Printing Your Drawing 487

Part III: Working with Data 523

Chapter 18: Working with Blocks and Attributes 525

Chapter 19: Referencing Other Drawings 591

Chapter 20: Working with External Databases 613

Part IV: Drawing in Three Dimensions 643

Chapter 21: Specifying 3D Coordinates 645

Chapter 22: Viewing 3D Drawings 671

Chapter 23: Creating 3D Surfaces 717

Chapter 24: Creating Solids and Editing in 3D 757

Chapter 25: Rendering in 3D 831

Chapter 28: Creating Electronic Output 947

Part VI: Customizing AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT 971

Chapter 29: Customizing Commands, Toolbars, and Tool Palettes 973

Chapter 30: Creating Macros and Slide Shows 995

Chapter 31: Creating Your Own Linetypes and Hatch Patterns 1007

Chapter 32: Creating Shapes and Fonts 1019

Chapter 33: Customizing the Ribbon and Menus 1031

Part VII: Programming AutoCAD 1059

Chapter 34: Understanding AutoLISP and Visual LISP Basics 1061

Chapter 35: Exploring AutoLISP Further 1075

Chapter 36: Exploring Advanced AutoLISP Topics 1099

Chapter 37: Programming with Visual Basic for Applications 1115

Part VIII: Appendixes 1143

Appendix A: Installing and Configuring AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT 1145

Appendix B: AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Resources 1177

Appendix C: What’s on the DVD-ROM 1183

Index 1191

Introduction  . . .xxxix

Part I: AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Basics 1 Quick Start: Drawing a Window  . . .3

Summary 13

Chapter 1: Starting to Draw  . . .  15

AutoCAD’s Advantages 15

Comparing AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT 16

Starting AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT 17

Creating a New Drawing 17

Using the AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Interface 17

The drawing area 18

The UCS icon 19

The crosshairs 20

The ribbon and Quick Access toolbar 20

Using the Application menu 21

The command line and dynamic input tooltip 22

The status bar 22

Creating a New Folder 22

Using the Interface 23

Saving a Drawing 25

Closing a Drawing and Exiting from AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT 27

Summary 28

Chapter 2: Opening a Drawing  . .  29

Creating a New Drawing from a Template 29

Working with Templates 31

Customizing the default template 32

Creating your own templates 32

Creating a Drawing with Default Settings 33

Opening an Existing Drawing 33

Using other ways to open drawings 34

Switching among open drawings 34

Saving a Drawing under a New Name 35

Chapter 3: Using Commands . . .  37

The AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Interface 37

Using the ribbon 38

Using menus 39

Using shortcut menus 39

Using dialog boxes 40

Using toolbars 40

Using palettes 41

Tool palettes 41

The Command Line and Dynamic Input 42

Using Dynamic Input 43

Understanding command names 44

Responding to commands 45

Command Techniques 47

Repeating commands 47

Using recent input 48

Canceling commands 48

Undoing a command 49

Redoing a command 50

Using one command within another command 51

Of Mice and Pucks 52

Getting Help 54

Getting help on a command 54

Finding help with Quickstart links 54

Using the main Help system 55

The Contents tab 55

The Index tab 55

The Search tab 55

Working with Help screens 56

Using the InfoCenter 57

Search Help 57

The Communication Center 57

Favorites 57

Summary 58

Chapter 4: Specifying Coordinates  . .  61

Understanding the X,Y Coordinate System 61

Drawing units 62

Types of measurement notation 62

Typing Coordinates 62

Using the Dynamic Input tooltip to enter coordinates 63

Typing coordinates in the Dynamic Input tooltip 63

Specifying Dynamic Input settings 63

Overriding Dynamic Input settings 66

Absolute Cartesian coordinates 66

Relative Cartesian coordinates 68

Polar coordinates 69

Direct distance entry 71

Orthogonal mode 71

Polar tracking 72

Setting polar tracking angles 72

Using polar tracking 73

Displaying Coordinates 75

Picking Coordinates on the Screen 76

Snap settings 76

Snapping to a grid 77

Snapping at polar angles 78

The grid 78

Object snaps 81

Running object snaps and Object Snap mode 85

Overriding Coordinate Settings 86

Locating Points 89

Object snap tracking 89

Using the temporary tracking feature 93

Point filters 93

From feature 94

Summary 95

Chapter 5: Setting Up a Drawing  . . .  97

Choosing Unit Types 97

Setting the drawing units 98

Setting the angle type 99

Setting the angle measure and direction 100

Drawing Limits 101

Understanding Scales 102

Working with scale formats 103

Using annotative scales 104

Customizing the scale list 106

Deciding on a scale and sheet size 107

Creating a Titleblock 107

Specifying Common Setup Options 108

Customizing with the MVSETUP Command and Setup Wizards 110

Summary 111

Part II: Drawing in Two Dimensions 113 Chapter 6: Drawing Simple Lines . . .  115

Using the LINE Command 115

Drawing Rectangles 117

Drawing Polygons 117

Creating Construction Lines 120

Creating Rays 121

Summary 122

Chapter 7: Drawing Curves and Points  . .  123

Drawing Circles 123

Understanding the circle options 123

Drawing circles 124

Drawing Arcs 126

Understanding arc options 126

Drawing arcs 127

Creating Ellipses and Elliptical Arcs 130

Understanding ellipse options 130

Creating ellipses 130

Creating elliptical arcs 131

Drawing ellipses 131

Making Donuts 133

Understanding DONUT options 133

Drawing donuts 134

Placing Points 134

Changing the point style 134

Creating points 135

Summary 137

Chapter 8: Viewing Your Drawing  . . .  139

Regenerating and Redrawing the Display 139

Panning 140

Using the PAN command 140

Using the scroll bars 140

Using the ZOOM Command 140

Understanding ZOOM options 141

Using ZOOM Dynamic 142

Using the SteeringWheel 145

Creating Named Views 146

Saving a view 146

Displaying a view 150

Managing named views 150

Creating animated presentations from named views 150

Using named views to manage a drawing 153

A drawing with a view 154

Partially opening a drawing 154

Using named views with sheet sets 155

Working with Tiled Viewports 155

Configuring tiled viewports 156

Creating tiled viewports 156

Removing tiled viewports 157

Using tiled viewports 158

Saving and restoring viewport configurations 158

Using Snap Rotation 160

Understanding User Coordinate Systems 161

Understanding UCS options 162

Saving and restoring a custom UCS 163

Controlling the UCS icon 164

Using a custom UCS 165

Creating Isometric Drawings 166

Understanding isometric planes 167

Drawing in Isometric mode 167

Summary 168

Chapter 9: Editing Your Drawing with Basic Tools  . . .  169

Editing a Drawing 169

Understanding object-selection basics 170

Erasing objects 170

Moving objects 172

Copying objects 174

Copying and moving objects from one drawing to another 177

Rotating objects 177

Scaling objects 180

Using the CHANGE command 182

Changing lines 182

Changing circles 183

Selecting Objects 184

Selecting objects after choosing a command 184

Cycling through objects 187

Selecting objects before choosing a command 187

Implied windowing 187

Customizing the selection process 189

Pickbox Size 189

Selection Preview 190

Noun/verb selection 190

Use Shift to Add to Selection 190

Press and Drag 190

Implied windowing 191

Object grouping 191

Associative Hatch 191

Summary 191

Chapter 10: Editing Your Drawing with Advanced Tools  . .  193

Copying and Moving Objects 193

Mirroring objects 194

Using the ARRAY command 195

Rectangular arrays 195

Polar (circular) arrays 197

Offsetting objects 200

Aligning objects 203

Using the ALIGN command 203

Using the 3DALIGN command 204

Resizing Commands 206

Trimming objects 206

Extending objects 210

Lengthening objects 212

Using Construction Commands 218

Breaking objects 218

Joining objects 218

Creating chamfered corners 221

Creating rounded corners 223

Creating a Revision Cloud 226

Hiding Objects with a Wipeout 227

Constraining Objects with Parameters 228

Using geometric constraints 228

Auto-constraining objects 230

Using dimensional constraints 230

Working with the Parameters Manager 231

Double-Clicking to Edit Objects 233

Grips 234

Stretching with grips 236

Stretching one line 236

Stretching multiple lines 236

Moving with grips 237

Rotating with grips 237

Scaling with grips 237

Mirroring with grips 238

Customizing grips 240

Editing with the Quick Properties Palette and the Properties Palette 241

Using the Quick Properties palette 241

Using the Properties palette 243

Selection Filters 245

Using Quick Select to select objects 245

Using the FILTER command 247

Creating a single filter 247

Adding a second filter 248

Naming and editing filters 249

Using filters 249

Groups 251

Creating and modifying groups in AutoCAD 251

Creating a new group 252

Changing a group 252

Creating and modifying groups in AutoCAD LT 253

Creating a new group 253

Changing a group in AutoCAD LT 253

Using groups 254

Summary 254

Chapter 11: Organizing Drawings with Layers, Colors, Linetypes, and Lineweights  . .  255

Working with Layers 255

Understanding layers 256

Creating new layers 256

Naming the layer 258

Assigning a color 258

Using layers 264

Switching the current layer 265

Changing a layer’s state 265

Saving layer states 267

Changing an existing object’s layer 269

Making an object’s layer current 269

Using special layer tools 269

Modifying layers 272

Managing columns 272

Filtering the layer list 273

Changing a layer’s color, linetype, and lineweight 274

Renaming layers 275

Deleting layers 275

Purging layers and linetypes 275

Changing Object Color, Linetype, and Lineweight 277

Changing an object’s color 277

Changing the current color 278

Changing an object’s linetype 278

Changing the current linetype 279

Changing an object’s lineweight 279

Changing the current lineweight 280

Working with Linetype Scales 282

Changing linetype spacing by using a different linetype 282

Changing linetype spacing by changing the global linetype scale 282

Changing linetype spacing by changing the object linetype scale 284

Changing the current object linetype scale 284

Changing an existing object’s linetype scale 284

Importing Layers and Linetypes from Other Drawings 286

Matching Properties 287

Summary 288

Chapter 12: Obtaining Information from Your Drawing  . .  289

Drawing-Level Information 289

Listing the status of your drawing 289

Listing system variables 290

Tracking drawing time 291

Object-Level Information 293

Listing objects 293

Finding coordinates 294

Measuring objects 294

Getting information from the Properties palette 297

Getting information from the Quick Properties panel 297

Dividing and Spacing Commands 298

Dividing objects 298

Measuring objects 299

AutoCAD’s Calculator 300

Calculating numbers 301

Using coordinates 302

Using object snaps 303

Converting units 304

Working with QuickCalc variables 304

Using QuickCalc in the Properties palette 305

Summary 308

Chapter 13: Creating Text  . .  309

Creating Single-Line Text 309

Justifying single-line text 310

Setting the height 311

Setting the rotation angle 312

Adding special characters and formatting 312

Editing single-line text 314

Scaling text 315

Justifying text 316

Understanding Text Styles 317

Creating a new text style 318

Font 318

Size 319

Effects 319

Renaming and deleting text styles 320

Modifying a text style 321

Making a style current or changing a text object’s style 321

Importing a text style 322

Creating Multiline Text 322

Using the In-Place Text Editor 322

Specifying and changing line spacing 329

Specifying width and rotation 330

Creating text for different scales 330

Editing paragraph text 332

Importing text 333

Creating Tables 335

Inserting a table 335

Specifying a table style 336

General properties 338

Text properties 338

Border properties 338

Completing the table style 339

Adding data to a table 339

Entering data into a table 339

Linking to external data 340

Extracting data from drawing objects 342

Modifying a table 345

Changing the text 345

Changing table properties 345

Changing cell properties 345

Breaking a table into sections 347

Inserting Fields 350

Creating fields 350

Editing and updating fields 352

Managing Text 354

Using Quicktext 354

Using AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT fonts 354

Freezing text layers 354

Using MIRRTEXT 354

Finding Text in Your Drawing 356

Checking Your Spelling 357

Summary 359

Chapter 14: Drawing Dimensions  . .  361

Working with Dimensions 361

The elements of a dimension 361

Preparing to dimension 363

Drawing Linear Dimensions 363

Specifying the dimensioned object 364

Using dimension options 366

MText 366

Text 367

Angle 367

Horizontal/vertical 367

Rotated 368

Creating jogged dimension lines 368

Drawing Aligned Dimensions 369

Specifying the dimensioned object 369

Using the options 370

Creating Baseline and Continued Dimensions 371

Drawing baseline dimensions 371

Drawing continued dimensions 372

Dimensioning Arcs and Circles 374

Marking arc and circle centers 375

Dimensioning arc lengths 375

Creating radial dimensions 376

Creating diameter dimensions 376

Dimensioning Angles 377

Creating Ordinate Dimensions 380

Drawing Leaders 383

Creating a multileader 383

Editing multileaders 384

Creating a multileader style 384

Aligning and combining leaders 387

Using Quick Dimension 391

Creating Inspection Dimensions 394

Creating Geometric Tolerances 395

Starting the tolerance frame 396

Inserting the tolerance frame 398

Editing a tolerance frame 398

Editing Dimensions 400Editing associativity 400DIMREASSOCIATE 400DIMDISASSOCIATE 401DIMREGEN 401Using the DIMEDIT command 402Using the DIMTEDIT command 402Flipping dimension arrows 404Editing dimension text 404Using the Properties palette to edit dimensions 404Changing annotative scales 404Spacing dimensions equally apart 405Breaking dimensions 405Using Quick Dimension to edit dimensions 406Using grips to edit dimensions 407Editing objects and dimensions together 407Summary 409

Chapter 15: Creating Dimension Styles  . . .  411

Understanding Dimension Styles 411Defining a New Dimension Style 413Managing dimension lines 413Dimension lines 414Extension lines 415Defining symbols and arrows 416Defining arrowheads 416Defining symbols 418Managing dimension text 420Text appearance 420Text placement 421Text alignment 422Fitting dimensions into tight spaces 423Fit Options 424Text Placement 426Scale for Dimension Features 427Defining primary units 428Linear Dimensions 430Angular Dimensions 431Defining alternate units 431Formatting tolerances 434Changing Dimension Styles 436Choosing a new current dimension style 436Creating a variant of a dimension style 436Modifying a dimension to use a new dimension style 437Modifying dimension styles 437Overriding a dimension style 437Updating dimensions 438Comparing dimension styles 438Copying dimension styles from other drawings 439

Chapter 16: Drawing Complex Objects  . . .  443

Creating and Editing Polylines 443Using the PLINE command 444Editing polylines with the PEDIT command 447Editing polylines with the Properties palette or Quick Properties palette 449Drawing and Editing Splines 450Creating splines 451Editing splines 452Creating Regions 455Creating Boundaries 457Creating Hatches 458Understanding hatch patterns 459Defining a hatch 460Specifying the hatch type and pattern 460Setting the hatch angle and scale 461Setting the hatch origin 463Determining the hatch boundary 463Islands 465Other advanced options 466Dragging and dropping hatch patterns 467Creating gradient fills 467Editing hatches 469Using the SOLID command 471Creating and Editing Multilines 471Creating a multiline style 472Defining multiline style properties 473Saving a new multiline style 474Loading a multiline style 474Drawing multilines 476Editing multilines 478Creating Dlines in AutoCAD LT 480Using the SKETCH Command 480Digitizing Drawings with the TABLET Command 483Summary 484

Chapter 17: Plotting and Printing Your Drawing  . .  487

Preparing a Drawing for Plotting or Printing 487Doing a draft plot 487Plotting a drawing from model space 488Creating a Layout in Paper Space 488Entering paper space 488Using the Layout Wizard 489Laying out a drawing in paper space on your own 491Managing layouts 492Using the Page Setup Manager 493Preparing layers 495Inserting a titleblock 495Creating floating viewports 495Returning to model space while on a layout 497

Setting viewport scale 497Locking the viewport 498Setting viewport size, placement, and display 498Controlling scale for noncontinuous linetypes 498Setting layer visibility and properties within a viewport 499Setting hidden and shaded views for viewports 500Annotating a layout 501Using annotation objects on a layout 502Adding text and dimensions in paper space 504Export a layout to model space of a new drawing 505Saving a layout template 505Working with Plot Styles 509Setting the plot-style mode 509Creating a plot-style table 510Creating a named plot-style table 510Editing a plot-style table 512Attaching a plot-style table to a layout 514Setting the plot-style property for a layer or object 515Plotting a Drawing 517Specifying plot settings 518Previewing your plot 519Creating a plot stamp 519Creating the plot 520Summary 522

Chapter 18: Working with Blocks and Attributes  . . .  525

Combining Objects into Blocks 526Understanding base points and insertion points 526Creating a block 527Redefining a block 529Saving blocks as files 530Replacing an existing file 531Inserting Blocks and Files into Drawings 532Using the Insert dialog box 533Using the DesignCenter 535Managing Blocks 538Working with layers 538Exploding blocks 541Using the XPLODE command 542Editing blocks 543Double-clicking to edit blocks 543Editing blocks with grips 543Updating blocks 544Substituting blocks 544

Creating and Using Dynamic Blocks 545Understanding action-based parameters 546Understanding the work flow of dynamic blocks 547Defining a dynamic block with action-based parameters 548Adding a parameter 550Adding an action 551Adding visibility parameters 554Adding lookup parameters and actions 556Using parameter sets 557Using parametric constraints 558Creating a Block Table 559Saving and testing dynamic blocks 560Inserting and modifying dynamic blocks 560Using Windows Features to Copy Data 569Manipulating objects with the Windows Clipboard 569Using drag-and-drop 569Working with Attributes 572Creating attribute definitions 573Mode section 573Attribute section 574Text Settings section 575Insertion Point section 575Creating the block 576Inserting blocks with attributes 578Editing attributes 578Editing attribute properties in AutoCAD 578Editing attribute properties in AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT 581Making global changes in attributes 582Redefining attributes 583Extracting a database from attributes 585Summary 592

Chapter 19: Referencing Other Drawings  . . .  591

Understanding External References 591Attaching an external reference 592Opening an xref 593Using the External References palette 593Editing an Xref within Your Drawing 596Choosing the xref or block to edit 596Editing the xref 598Controlling Xref Display 600Xrefs and dependent symbols 600Xrefs and layers 600The XBIND command 600Circular references 601Clipping xrefs 601

Speeding up the display of large xrefs 602Demand loading 603Spatial indexes 603Layer indexes 604Managing Xrefs 607Xref notification 608DesignCenter 608The xref log file 608Working with DWF, DGN, and PDF Underlays 609Attaching a DWF underlay 609Attaching a DGN underlay 610Attaching a PDF underlay 610Modifying an underlay 610Adjusting the appearance of an underlay 610Clipping an underlay 611Displaying the frame of an underlay 611Using object snaps with underlays 611Control the layers of an underlay 612Summary 612

Chapter 20: Working with External Databases  . . .  613

Understanding External Database Access 614Preparing for Database Connectivity 615Organizing the database structure 616Configuring a data source 616Connecting to Your Database 620Connecting a database to a drawing 620Opening a data table 621Editing data in the Data View window 624Linking Data to Drawing Objects 625Creating a link template 625Creating a link 627Viewing linked objects and rows 627Editing links 628Exporting link information 629Creating Labels 632Creating label templates 632Creating attached labels 633Creating freestanding labels 634Querying with the Query Editor 635Using the Quick Query tab 636Using the Range Query tab 636Using the Query Builder tab 637Building a query with multiple criteria 637Specifying fields and sorting 637Using the SQL Query tab 638Creating selection sets with Link Select 639

Working with Query Files 640Storing queries 640Importing and exporting queries 641Summary 641

Chapter 21: Specifying 3D Coordinates  . . .  645

Working in a 3D Environment 646Using 3D Coordinates 647Absolute and relative Cartesian coordinates in 3D 647Cylindrical and spherical coordinates 647Using editing commands with 3D wireframes 649Using point filters, object snaps, object tracking, and grips in 3D 652Point filters 652Object snaps 652Object tracking 653Grips 653Creating 3D polylines 655Creating helixes 656Using Elevation and Thickness 656Creating surfaces with thickness 657Using the HIDE command 658Controlling the display of hidden lines and objects 658Adding elevation to objects 660Working with the User Coordinate System 663Using the UCS icon 663UCSs and viewpoints 663Using UCS options to change the UCS 664Changing the UCS dynamically 665Summary 669

Chapter 22: Viewing 3D Drawings  . . .  671

Working with the Standard Viewpoints 672Using the VPOINT command 672Looking at a drawing from the standard viewpoints 672Using DDVPOINT 674Using the ViewCube to View Your Drawing 675Creating a Named View with a Camera 677Creating a camera 677Editing a camera 678Adding a Background to a Named View 681Working with the Tripod and Compass 682Displaying a Quick Plan View 684Displaying Parallel and Perspective Projections 684

Using 3D Orbit 684Starting 3D Orbit 685Navigating with 3D Orbit 686Using the 3D Orbit visual aids 687Creating a continuous orbit 688Resetting the view 688Refining your 3D Orbit view 688Panning in 3D Orbit 688Zooming in 3D Orbit 688Using Zoom options in 3D Orbit 689Adjusting the camera distance 689Controlling view properties 689Creating parallel and perspective views 689Using a preset view 689Using ShowMotion to Cycle Through Views 690Creating shots 690Displaying shots 692Walking Through a Model 693Navigating in Walk mode 693Specifying Walk mode settings 695Flying through a model 696Saving the walk as a movie file 696Using a motion path to save a movie file 697Navigating with the Wheel 701Using DVIEW to a Create a Perspective View 703Using DVIEW 703Understanding the DVIEW options 703Working with Visual Styles 705Displaying visual styles in AutoCAD 705Creating custom visual styles 706Using the shading options in AutoCAD LT 708Display materials, textures, and lights as you work 709Laying Out 3D Drawings 711Using SOLVIEW to lay out paper space viewports 711Using SOLDRAW to create hidden lines and hatching 712Using SOLPROF to create profiles 713Flattening 3D drawings 714Printing in 3D 715Summary 716

Chapter 23: Creating 3D Surfaces  . .  717

Drawing Surfaces with 3DFACE 718Using the 3DFACE command 718Making 3D face edges invisible 719Controlling visibility during 3D face creation 719Using the EDGE command 719Using the SPLFRAME system variable 720Drawing Surfaces with PFACE 723

Creating Plane Surfaces 728Creating Polygon Meshes with 3DMESH 729Drawing Standard 3D Shapes 731Box 731Wedge 732Pyramid 733Cone 734Sphere 735Dome 735Dish 736Torus 737Mesh 738Drawing Revolved Surfaces 740Understanding the REVSURF command 740Determining the angle of rotation 741Setting the number of segments 742Using the REVSURF command 742Working with the REVOLVE command 744Drawing an Extruded Surface 744Working with the TABSURF command 744Working with the EXTRUDE command 747Sweeping objects along a path 747Drawing Surfaces Between 2D Objects 748Creating ruled surfaces 748Lofting objects 751Drawing Edge Surfaces 751Working with Multiple Types of Objects 753Converting 2D objects to surfaces 754Converting meshes to smooth surfaces 754Thickening a surface into a solid 754Extracting edges from a surface or a region 754Summary 755

Chapter 24: Creating Solids and Editing in 3D  . . .  757

Drawing Basic Smooth Solids 758Drawing a box 758Drawing a wedge 760Drawing a cone 760Drawing a sphere 761Drawing a cylinder 762Drawing a torus 763Drawing a pyramid 764Creating Extruded Solids 766Managing objects used to make other objects 767Using the EXTRUDE command 767Drawing Swept Solids 769Drawing Revolved Solids 770Drawing Lofted Solids 772Drawing Polyline-Like Solids 774

Manipulating Solids 777Grip-editing solids 777Selecting sub-objects 777Moving, rotating, and scaling with the gizmos 778Using the Move gizmo and the 3DMOVE command 778Using the Rotate gizmo and the 3DROTATE command 780Using the Scale gizmo and the 3DSCALE command 782Working with Mesh Shapes 783Creating meshes 784Editing meshes 784Using grips and gizmos to edit meshes 784Adjusting mesh smoothness 784Refining a mesh 785Extruding a face 785Splitting a face 785Creasing a mesh 786Converting solids and meshes 786Converting smooth solids and surfaces to meshes 786Converting meshes to smooth solids 788Creating Complex Solids 791Combining solids 791Subtracting solids 792Creating a solid from the intersection of two solids 792Creating a new solid by using INTERFERE 793Pressing or pulling a region 796Using solid history 797Sectioning and Slicing Solids 798Using the SECTION command 798Creating an interactive section object 800Using the SLICE command 801Using Editing Commands in 3D 803Mirroring in 3D 804Arraying in 3D 806Creating 3D rectangular arrays 806Creating 3D polar arrays 807Rotating in 3D 809Aligning in 3D 811Trimming and extending in 3D 813Filleting in 3D 815Chamfering in 3D 817Exploding and converting 3D objects 819Using the SOLIDEDIT Command 820Editing faces 821Extruding faces 821Moving faces 821Offsetting faces 821Deleting faces 822Rotating faces 822Tapering faces 822

Coloring faces 823Attaching a material to a face 824Editing edges 824Editing bodies 824Imprinting solids 824Cleaning solids 825Separating solids 825Shelling solids 826Checking solids 826Listing Solid Properties 827Summary 829

Chapter 25: Rendering in 3D  . . .  831

Understanding Rendering 832Learning the steps 832Doing a default rendering 833Creating Lights 834Setting the default light 834Creating a point light 834Name 835Intensity/Intensity factor 835Status 835Photometry 835Shadow 836Attenuation 836Color/Filter Color 837Creating a target point light 837Creating a spotlight 837Creating a Free spotlight 838Creating a distant light 839Simulating the sun 839Set the geographic location 840Set sun properties 841Managing lights 843Working with Materials 847Attaching a material from the Tool Palettes window 847Using the Materials palette 848Creating your own materials 849Choose a material type and template 849Choose a material color 850Choosing other material properties 851Adding textures, opacity, and bump maps 851Adjusting the mapping 853Adjusting lighting effects 854Attaching materials 855Using backgrounds 856Doing the Final Render 858Statistics 861Saving rendered images 861

Part V: Organizing and Managing Drawings 863

Chapter 26: Keeping Control of Your Drawings  . .  865

Accessing Drawing Components with the DesignCenter 866Navigating with the DesignCenter 866Finding named components and drawings 867Using the Favorites folder 868Accessing named drawing components 869Inserting drawings 869Opening drawings 869Inserting blocks 869Inserting raster images 869Attaching an xref 869Inserting layers and styles 870Controlling the DesignCenter display 870Accessing Drawing Content with Tool Palettes 872Creating a new tool palette 873Adding content tools 873Adding command tools 874Dragging objects from your drawing 874Adding commands 874Copying a tool 874Setting tool properties 875Adjusting the scale of inserted content 875Moving, deleting, and renaming tools and tool palettes 876Updating tools 876Setting tool palette options 877Organizing tool palettes 877Using a tool palette 878Setting Standards for Drawings 880Using the CAD Standards tools 881Creating a standards file 881Associating a standards file with a drawing 882Checking a drawing against standards 883Specifying CAD standards settings 884Using layer notification 886Translating layers 888Setting up the layer mapping 888Managing layer translations 889The Communication Center 891Renaming named objects 892Working with Sheet Sets 892Understanding sheet sets 893Creating a sheet set 894Setting properties 897Creating subsets 899Setting up sheet set references 899Configuring titleblock text 900

Using a sheet set 907Creating viewports from named views 907Inserting callout blocks 908Plotting and publishing 908Archiving and eTransmitting sheet sets 909Creating a list of sheets 910Organizing Your Drawings 913Archiving drawings 913Finding drawings 913Specifying drawing properties 915Maintaining Security 915Password protection 915Digital signatures 916Keeping Track of Referenced Files 917Handling Errors and Crashes 919Taking care of temporary files 919Repairing corrupted drawing files 919Using backup drawings 920Recovering from a crash 921Managing Drawings from Prior Releases 922Summary 922

Chapter 27: Working with Other Applications . . .  923

Importing and Exporting Other File Formats 924Exporting drawings 924Exporting to DXF format 925Exporting to DGN format 925Exporting to PDF format 927Exporting to other file formats 928Controlling the display of exported WMF files 928Importing files 929Importing a DGN file 930Inserting a DXF file 931Working with Raster Images 931Attaching images 932Managing images 933Clipping images 934Controlling image display 935Image display 935Image quality 935Image transparency 935Image frame 935Draw order 936Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects 938Embedding objects into a drawing 938Using Paste Special 940Pasting data into your drawing 940Pasting drawing objects into another application 941Linking data 943

Chapter 28: Creating Electronic Output . . .  947

Sending Drawings 947Using eTransmit 948Specifying transmittal settings 948Opening Drawings from the Web 951Using the Browse the Web – Open dialog box 951Using i-drop to drag objects into a drawing 951Creating Object Hyperlinks 952Creating a hyperlink 952Using a hyperlink 954Editing a hyperlink 954Publishing Drawings 955Understanding DWF and DWFx files 956Creating 2D DWF and DWFx files 956Starting the PUBLISH command 957Adding drawings to the drawing list 957Removing model space or layout tabs from the drawing list 958Editing the drawing list 958Defining the output 959Setting publish options 959Publishing 960Creating DWF files from other applications 960Auto-publishing 960Creating 3D DWF and 3D DWFx files 962Using the Publish to Web Wizard 963Posting DWF and DWFx files directly 965Editing Web pages 965Viewing DWF and DWFx drawings 966Using view options 966Printing and plotting 967Summary 970

Chapter 29: Customizing Commands, Toolbars, and Tool Palettes  . . .  973

Working with Customizable Files 973Editing customizable files 975Backing up customizable files 976Using the command-line form of commands 976Documenting your files 978Creating Shortcuts for Commands 979Creating shortcuts to Windows programs 979Creating keyboard shortcuts to commands 980Customizing Toolbars 982Customizing classic toolbars 983Removing buttons from an existing toolbar 983Creating a new toolbar 984

Adding buttons 984Creating a custom command 985Using the Button Editor 986Creating flyouts 987Removing custom commands 988Customizing the Quick Access Toolbar 988Creating and displaying a Quick Access toolbar 988Adding a drop-down menu 989Customizing Tool Palettes 992Summary 993

Chapter 30: Creating Macros and Slide Shows  . .  995

Creating Macros with Script Files 995Creating the script file 996Running a script file 997Running a script file from within a drawing 997Running a script when starting AutoCAD or AutoCAD LT 997Recording Actions 1000Creating an action macro 1000Editing an action macro 1000Playing back a macro 1002Creating Slide Shows 1002Creating slides 1002Viewing slides 1002Using scripts to create slide shows 1003Creating Slide Libraries 1005Summary 1006

Chapter 31: Creating Your Own Linetypes and Hatch Patterns  . . . 1007

Creating Linetypes 1007Creating simple linetypes 1007Creating complex linetypes 1009Creating Hatch Patterns 1012Summary 1017

Chapter 32: Creating Shapes and Fonts  . . . 1019

Creating Shapes 1020Using shape files 1020Creating shape files 1020Using length and direction codes 1021Using supplemental shape codes 1022Editing shape files 1027Creating Fonts 1028Summary 1029

Chapter 33: Customizing the Ribbon and Menus  . . 1031

Working with the Customization File 1031Understanding the Customization file 1032

Loading and unloading customization files 1032Loading and unloading a customization file 1033Loading and unloading partial customization files 1034Transferring customization between files 1035Customizing the Interface 1035Looking at a ribbon panel 1036Writing macros 1038Customizing the ribbon 1040Understanding ribbon panels 1040Adding a command to a ribbon panel 1041Adding a ribbon panel to a tab 1042Adding a tab to the ribbon 1042Adding a tab to a contextual tab state 1042Customizing the drop-down menu 1043Creating submenus 1044Customizing shortcut menus 1047Customizing mouse buttons and tablet buttons 1050Customizing image-tile menus 1051Customizing tablet menus 1052Working with the Screen menu 1053Creating keyboard shortcuts 1054Working with shortcut keys 1054Working with temporary override keys 1055Customizing the double-click behavior 1056Customizing the Quick Properties palette and rollover tooltips 1056Summary 1058

Chapter 34: Understanding AutoLISP and Visual LISP Basics . . . 1061

Introducing Visual LISP 1062Opening Visual LISP 1062Opening and loading an AutoLISP file with Visual LISP 1062Loading an AutoLISP file 1062Using an AutoLISP routine in AutoCAD 1064Looking at an AutoLISP routine 1065Using the Visual LISP editor 1066Closing a file and Visual LISP 1067Getting Help in Visual LISP 1068Working with AutoLISP Expressions 1069Understanding AutoLISP syntax 1069Working with numbers and text 1069Using AutoLISP on the Command Line 1071Creating AutoLISP Files 1072Summary 1074

Chapter 35: Exploring AutoLISP Further  . . 1075

Creating Variables 1075Working with AutoCAD Commands 1076Accessing AutoCAD commands 1076Creating functions 1077Creating functions with arguments 1079Working with system variables 1081Working with Lists 1083Using lists for coordinates 1083Creating dotted pairs 1084Setting Conditions 1084Conditional statements 1084Loop statements 1086Managing Drawing Objects 1089Getting information about an object 1089Modifying objects 1091Creating selection sets 1092Getting Input from the User 1094Putting on the Finishing Touches 1096Summary 1098

Chapter 36: Exploring Advanced AutoLISP Topics  . . . 1099

Understanding Global and Local Variables 1099Working with Visual LISP ActiveX Functions 1101Reviewing AutoLISP retrieval and modification 1101Using ActiveX with Visual LISP 1105Retrieving and modifying object information with ActiveX 1105Creating objects with ActiveX 1108Debugging Code 1109Using the Error Trace window 1110Working with breakpoints 1110Using the Watch window 1113Summary 1114

Chapter 37: Programming with Visual Basic for Applications . . . 1115

Starting to Work with VBA 1116Opening the VBA environment 1116Getting acquainted with VBA 1117Objects and collections of objects 1118Methods and properties 1118Investigating the hierarchy model 1118Accessing help 1120Writing VBA Code 1121Looking at VBA syntax 1122Saving a VBA routine 1124Loading a VBA routine 1125Running a VBA routine 1125Using the Visual Basic Editor 1125

Understanding variables 1127Creating VBA statements 1128Getting User Input 1129Creating Dialog Boxes 1132Understanding the Toolbox toolbar 1132Changing dialog box properties 1133Adding dialog box controls 1134Add a command button 1134Write the VBA Code for a command button 1135Add a label 1135Add other dialog box controls 1136Modifying Objects 1138Using constants 1139Using functions 1139Debugging and Trapping Errors 1140Moving to Advanced Programming 1141Summary 1141

A Final Word 1142

Appendix A: Installing and Configuring AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT  . .  1145 Appendix B: AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Resources . . . 1177 Appendix C: What’s on the DVD-ROM  . . . 1183 Index  . . . 1191

Whether you are a new or expert user with AutoCAD, you have truly made a worthwhile investment

with the AutoCAD 2010 & AutoCAD LT 2010 Bible This book will be a valuable addition to your library

that you will use on a regular basis as a reference and guide to using AutoCAD With each release of AutoCAD and its new feature set, the AutoCAD Bible is an excellent resource for learning and getting up

to speed quickly on all things AutoCAD

Everything from the basics of AutoCAD to 3D and programming is covered in this book The tion is well organized, and a comprehensive index makes retrieving information that you need a cinch.You’ll see real-world examples and AutoCAD drawings on the DVD that will quickly help you to under-stand and learn new concepts through the exercises Even more helpful is the fact that the drawings are available in both a before and after format, allowing you to use the after format as a reference

informa-Ellen has been writing books about AutoCAD for so long that she is practically a household name here

at Autodesk and in the AutoCAD world She is an active participant in our beta program and helps shape the direction of future releases of AutoCAD You are truly learning from one of the finest and most experienced professionals in this field

Although the in-depth coverage of this book may seem overwhelming, do not feel discouraged by the book’s thickness Pick out the tools that you want to learn about and then proceed from there If you are interested in learning new features, pick a different topic each week to learn about it

Thank you, Ellen, for creating another great edition of the AutoCAD Bible I know our customers will benefit from reading it as I have

Kathy O’ConnellAutoCAD Product Manager

Autodesk, Inc

I

A huge thank-you goes to Jade Williams, whose infinite organizing power kept the book on track Jade kept up with a seemingly infinite number of versions of text documents and images, coordinating the writing, editing, and production of the entire book

My thanks to Lee Ambrosius, (www.hyperpics.com), the highly knowledgeable technical editor for most of the book Lee’s comments improved the book throughout In addition, Lee and Brian Benton both took on chapters to update; their expert help made this huge project a lot easier Finally, Darren Young did a superb job of technical editing for Lee’s chapters These three are AutoCAD authorities and you, the reader, benefit

I also thank Marylouise Wiack for her precise editing of this very technical book, and all of the people at Wiley who helped with the production of this book and its DVD

Thanks to Kathy O’Connell, AutoCAD Product Manager at Autodesk, Inc., for the excellent Foreword for this book I also want to express my great appreciation to the members of Autodesk’s beta and prod-uct teams who were very supportive throughout the beta period They include Shaan (the great) Hurley, Nate Bartley, Eric Stover, Matt Stein, and many others

Many people contributed drawings and software for this book I’d like to thank all of them They have helped to make this book the most comprehensive book on AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT available.Finally, I would like to thank my husband, Evan, who helped out around the house while I was writing, writing, and writing Without his support, I could not have completed this book