vocabulary for ielts writing

Food Additives Essay Model Answer Most foods that are purchased these days in small stores and supermarkets have chemicals in them as these are used to improve production and ensure the

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Education Vocabulary

1 Graduate (v)

To complete a first university degree successfully

I graduated from the University of Salford in 2009

My graduation ceremony was in 2009

2 Curriculum (n)

The group of subjects studied in a school, college, etc

Schools must ensure they have an excellent curriculum

3 Qualification (n)

An official record showing that you have finished a training course or have the necessary skills, etc

Good qualifications are really important if you want to get a well-paid job

I am qualified to teach English

To behave in a dishonest way in order to get what you want

He did really well in his exams but he cheated He copied from a friend

Cheating on exams is not recommended

7 Literacy (n)

The ability to read and write

Literacy rates have declined considerably in Western countries over the last decade

However, most children are literate

8 Illiterate (adj)

Unable to read and write Many children in the poorest countries are illiterate

9 Primary (elementary) Education

First years of formal education from around age 5 to 11

A good primary education is crucial for a child's development

10 Secondary Education

Education during the time as a teenager

I loved it at my secondary school as I had so many friends

11 Higher (tertiary) Education

Non-compulsory education after finishing school, such as university, as well as vocational education and training at colleges

60% of children now go into higher education after they finish school

12 Concentrate

To direct your attention or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject or problem

It is difficult to concentrate on my work if there is a lot of noise

I keep losing concentration due to the noise

Someone who is guilty of a crime

Prison should not be used for first-time offenders

4 Punish

To cause someone who has done something wrong or committed a crime to suffer,

by hurting them, forcing them to pay money, sending them to prison, etc Those responsible for serious crimes must bepunished

To do something illegal or something that is considered wrong.

People who commit serious crimes should be given lengthy (long) prison sentences.

7 Criminal

A person who commits a crime

Criminals who commit violent crimes should not be given probation

8 Probation

A period of time when a criminal must behave well and not commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison

Probation is a good way to reduce prison overcrowding, but it must only be used for

those who have committed minor crimes

9 Rehabilitate

To return someone or something to a good or healthy condition, state or way of living

It is important to rehabilitate criminals while they are in prison otherwise they may

re-offend (commit a crime again) when they are released from prison

10 Guilt

Having done something wrong or committed a crime

If jurors (the members of a jury) find a defendantguilty, then that person must be

To decide officially in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime

He has been convicted of arson (starting a fire intentionally to damage something) two

times now

13 Fine

Being made to pay money for breaking the law

Motorists should be given a fine if they are caught speeding

14 Imprisonment

Being put in prison

Murderers are usually given life imprisonment

15 Community Service

Work that people do to help other people without payment, and which young criminals whose crime was not serious enough for them to be put in prison are sometimes ordered to do

Community service is a good alternative to prison for minor offences

16 Justice

Fairness in the way people are dealt with

Those who commit assaults must be imprisoned because the victims want justice

17 Victim

Someone who has suffered because of the actions of someone else

The victims of crime often need help and support to recover from their bad experience

Essay

Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing crime

Discuss both views and give your opinion

IELTS Essays - Model Answer

Crime is a serious and growing problem in most societies Although many people believe that the best way to tackle this is to place people in prison for longer periods, others are of the opinion that other measures will be more effective

There are benefits of giving offenders longer prison sentences Firstly, spending a long time in prison provides an opportunity for the prison services to rehabilitate a prisoner For example, someone who has committed a serious offence such as assault will need a long time in prison in order to be sure they can be re-educated not to re-offend In addition to this, longer prison sentences will act as a deterrent for someone who is thinking of committing a crime

However, some people argue that leaving people in prison for a long time means that they will mix with other criminals and so their character will not improve One alternative is community service This gives an offender the opportunity to give something positive back to society, and so it may improve their character Also, the government could focus its resources on the causes of crime, which would lead to less crime in the future

In my opinion, it is important to look at alternative methods Many countries have lengthy prison sentences, but crime has continued to increase throughout the world, so it is clear that this is not completely effective That said, long prison sentences should remain for those who commit serious crimes such as assault or murder, as justice for the victim and their family should take priority

To conclude, there are good arguments for and against long sentences, so governments must

continue to research the various methods of crime reduction to ensure effective policies are in place (290 words)

Comments

The writer of this essay has produced a well balanced and coherent piece of writing

They clearly answer the question The first body paragraph is dedicated to discussing the merits of long sentences, and the second body looks at alternative methods Finally, the writer provides their own opinion on the issue

Very important for IELTS essays, each paragraph has a clear central topic which is expanded upon in the supporting sentences

Regarding grammar, the writer has successfully demonstrated their ability to use a mix of sentence structures, including a variety of complex sentences (although someone who in order to means that which would )

Ideas are coherently presented by using transition words (Firstly, For example, In addition to this, However, In my opinion, To conclude, )

It is important in IELTS essays to have good topic related vocabulary in order to achieve a higher score, and this is evident in this piece of work (re-offend rehabilitate re-educated deterrent committing a crime )

Also of importance with regards to vocabulary is to vary your word choices and not to repeat the same word This can be done by using synonyms, as the writer has done with the word alternative 'ways', using variations of this (methods measures )

Fitness, Diet and Health Vocabulary

1 Overweight

Fat 70% of the population is now overweight according to official figures

2 Obesity

Extrememly fat or overweight

Obesity is now a real problem for teenagers

Teenagers who are obese are often bullied at school

Any substance which plants or animals need in order to live and grow

A healthy diet should consist of all the essentialnutrients

This meal is very nutritious

5 Diet

The food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or group.OR

When someone eats less food, or only particular types of food, because they want to become thinner or for medical reasons

It is important to have a healthy diet People must eat plenty of fruit and vegetables I've been on a diet now for four weeks, and I've lost about one kilo

6 Overeating

Eating more than your body needs

There is evidence that overeating is one of the main causes of obesity

7 Ingredients

A food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish

The ingredients of the dish include nuts, raisins, and parsley

8 Allergy

A condition that makes a person become ill or develop skin or breathing problems because they have eaten certain foods or been near certain substances

Allergies are becoming more common, and this could be connected to diet

If I eat nuts, I have an allergic reaction I cannot breath properly

To stop something from happening

Lots of exercise will prevent a heart attack

The prevention of health problems should be encouraged by the government For

example, they could ban the advertising of fast food to children

11 Variety

Often changing and being different

When preparing meals, you need to think aboutvariety and taste as well as nutritional

value

12 Appetite

When you want to eat food

All that exercise has given me an appetite

13 Fibre

A substance in foods such as fruit, vegetables and brown bread, which travels through the body as waste and helps the contents of the bowels to pass through the body easily

A diet that is high in fibre is important in order to maintain a healthy body

14 Regular

Happening or doing something often

Regular physical exercise is important for good health

A disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood

Diabetes is becoming much more prevalent ( = common or widespread) amongst

children

17 Health

The condition of the body and the degree to which it is free from illness, or the state of being well

Fruit has several health benefits

Elderly people can have many health problems

The health care in the country is deteriorating ( =getting worse)

There may be health risks from eating too much red meat

Health education is very important if we are to prevent illness and reduce medical

costs

Sweden has one of the best health systems in the world

The population of the country is in good health

Lack of exercise can lead to poor health

He has a very healthy diet

I have a healthy appetite

Essay

Do the dangers derived from the use of chemicals in food production and preservation outweigh the advantages?

Food Additives Essay Model Answer

Most foods that are purchased these days in small stores and supermarkets have chemicals in them as these are used to improve production and ensure the food lasts for longer However, there are concerns that these have harmful effects In my opinion, the potential dangers from this are greater than the benefits we receive

There are several reasons why chemicals are placed in food Firstly, it is to improve the product to the eye, and this is achieved via the use of colourings which encourage people to purchase food that may otherwise not look tempting to eat Another reason is to preserve the food Much of the food we eat would not actually last that long if it were not for chemicals they contain, so again this is an advantage

to the companies that sell food as their products have a longer shelf life

From this evidence, it is clear to me that the main benefits are, therefore, to the companies and not to the customer Although companies claim these food additives are safe and they have research to support this, the research is quite possibly biased as it comes from their own companies or people with connections to these companies It is common to read reports these days in the press about possible links to various health issues such as cancer Food additives have also been linked to problems such as hyperactivity in children

To conclude, despite the fact that there are benefits to placing chemicals in food, I believe that these principally help the companies but could be a danger to the public It is unlikely that this practice can

be stopped, so food must be clearly labeled and it is my hope that organic products will become more readily available at reasonable prices to all

(Words 298)

ELTS Causes and Effects Model Essay

This causes and effects model essay is about obesity in children

You specifically have to talk about the causes (reasons) of the increase in overweight children, and explain the effects (results) of this

This particular essay is organized as follows:

Body 1: Causes

Body 2: Effects

Of course it is also possible to have a 3 body paragraph essay For example:

However, remember not to write too little on one part

For example, if you wrote one very short paragraph about 'causes' with little support and most of your essay on 'effects', you may then be seen to have not fully answered both parts of the question

Another possible way of organizing it is to put each cause and its effect within a separate paragraph:

Body 1: Cause 1 - Effect

Body 2: Cause 2 - Effect

If you do this though, each particular cause must relate to that specific effect

Essay

The percentage of overweight children in western society has increased by almost 20% in the last ten years

Discuss the causes and effects of this disturbing trend

Causes and Effects Essay - Model Answer

Over the last ten years, western societies have seen close to a 20% rise in the number of children who are overweight This essay will discuss some reasons why this has occurred and examine the

consequences of this worrying trend

The main cause of this problem is poor diet Over the last decade there has been a prolific increase in the number of fast food restaurants For example, on nearly every high street there is a MacDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut The food in these places has been proven to be very unhealthy, and much of the advertising is targeted at children, thus ensuring that they constitute the bulk of the customers of these establishments However, it is not only due to eating out, but also the type of diet many children have at home A lot of food consumed is processed food, especially with regards to ready-made meals which are a quick and easy option for parents who are working hard

The effects of this have been and will continue to be very serious Firstly, there has been a large

increase in health related diseases amongst children, especially diabetes This debilitating illness

means a child has to be injected with insulin for the rest of their life Not only this, very overweight children often experience bullying from other children, which may affect their mental health The negative stigma of being overweight may also affect self-esteem

To sum up, it is evident that there are several causes of obesity amongst children, and a variety of negative effects Society must ensure steps are taken to prevent this problem from deteriorating further (275 words)

This cause and effect essay is about the issue of skin whitening products: why people are using them and their possible dangers for health and society

There are three things you must discuss:

The reasons why they are used

Their effects on health

Their effects on society

This causes and effects essay has been organized into two body paragraphs

The first dicussing the reasons, and the second discussing the effects on health and society

There are other ways to organize it of course

For example, you could have three paragraphs, each discussing one of the points above

Essay

In many parts of the world today there is a profitable market for products which lighten or whiten people’s skin

Outline the reasons for using such products and discuss what effects they have in terms of

health and society

Cause and Effect Essay - Model Answer

In many countries, particularly places like Asia, skin whitening products are incredibly popular and provide huge profits for the companies involved in their sale This essay will examine the reasons why people use these products and the effects this has on people’s health and on society

The principal reason that people use skin whitening products is because whiter skin is seen to be more desirable than darker skin To understand why, we need to firstly look at history In ancient times, those people of a higher status tended to stay indoors, whilst people of a lower status worked outside, usually farming As a result, those people who were indoors had much lighter skin, which means that whiter skin is now associated with having a higher status than dark skin Another reason, which is partly related to this, is the desire for the ‘Western’ look For example, plastic surgery to creat western eyelids and noses is common in Asia, and the white skin is part of this These beliefs and images are also perpetuated in the media, with adverts showing people with white skin as more successful and attractive

However, despite the fact that having whiter skin may improve a person’s self-esteem, these products can have negative effects Regarding health, there are reports that people are harming their skin

permanently as some products bought over the counter have prescription-strength ingredients For instance, some contain steroids or toxins which can severely damage the skin and other parts of the body In terms of society, there are also detrimental effects Such behaviour perpetuates the belief that

‘white’ is better than ‘black’, and thus those with darker skin may experience discrimination

In conclusion, people use whitening products due to the fact that white skin, usually through the media,

is portrayed as more desirable However, steps should be taken to change this image as the drawbacks

of this are clear, with potentially dangerous consequences for people’s future health and society as a whole

(328 Words)

Work Vocabulary

1 Employee

Someone who is paid to work for someone else

The company has several hundred employees

2 Employer

A person or organization that employs people

Employers monitor their employees very carefully these days

3 Employment

When someone is paid to work for a company or organization

Due to the recession, there are thousands of people looking for employment

I was employed in the company for several years

4 Unemployment

Not working

Levels of unemployment in the economy have been rapidly increasing

He has been unemployed for 6 months now

5 Commute

To make the same journey regularly between work and home

It is taking longer for people to commute to work because of traffic problems

Commuting to work everyday by bus is tiring

6 Occupation

Formal way to say 'job'

What is your occupation?

7 Career

Working life or a particular job during one's working life that gets better in terms

of salary and position

He is retired now but he had an amazing career ( = succesful working life)

He hopes to have a career in the army

Money paid each month to an employee for their work

Public sector salaries are not keeping up with inflation

He receives a good wage because he works for a prestigious company

10 Public Sector

Businesses and industries that are owned or controlled by the government

You get a good pension if you work for the public sector, but the salary is not always

so good

11 Private Sector

Businesses and industries that are privately owned

Most graduates hope to work in the private sectorwhen they finish university as there

are more opportunities and the pay is better than the public sector

12 Retire

To stop working because of old age or ill health

The retirement age in most countries is 65

He had to retire early due to ill health

Don't quit your job unless you have another one to start

15 Fire / Sack /dismiss

To remove someone from their job, especially because they have done something wrong

He was fired / sacked / dismissed because he was late for work every day

16 Vacancy

A job postion that is not filled and so is available

I spoke to the company and they said they had several vacancies

17 Overtime

Working more than your contracted hours

The employees often work overtime but they are not given extra money so it is not fair

18 Shift

The time worked in a job that is not normal hours

She is a nurse so she has to work in shifts One week she does the morning shift, and then the next week she will do the night shift

Shift work can be very tiring

Essay

The length of the working week does not reflect modern lifestyle needs It should be

substantially reduced to give people more leisure time and time with their families

How far do you agree with this statement?

If we carry out a survey about whether the length of current working time is appropriate or not,

it is sure that most of people asked will choose the negative answer Nowadays, people have

to work at least eight hours per day and six days per week The remaining time for other activities is little and this leads to a number of psychological as well as social problems Therefore I concur with some people who suggest that it is necessary to go down working time

First of all, the results of studies done by the experts from many countries show that there is a marked increase in psychological disease cases and the causes of those problems involve mainly with work The diseases can be minor such as headache or more serious like

depression and heart attack People who suffer from those often have such heavy workload and pressured working environment that they cannot spend time for leisure pursuit They feel