Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS - Growing up

COMPOUND NOUNS Match the words in box A with relationship between two things or people NOT the words in box B to make 10 compound nouns.. e You don’t need to eliminate all of your favou

——

1.1 Look at the following topics and decide whether you

A your family B your friends C a teacher

1 astudy problem 3 buying something expensive

2 your favourite music 4 the last film you saw

1.2) @ 12 Listen to four people talking about the topics above

would discuss them with

Write the number of the topic (1-4) from the list above and the

person/people the speakers say they would talk to about this

Write the words that helped you decide

would talk to Group together words that are

1.3 _®12 ‘Listen again and decide which of the speakers (A-D) the

to a particular group or has reached a particular stage {adulthood = the stage of

The relationship between my brother and me is very close .©

I have a lot more in common with my friends than with my family

I have established a close connection with an older member of my family

The relationship between my parents and me has broken down

| 1.4 COLLOCATION Use words and phrases from the recording and the statements in 1.3 to complete the sentences

My sister and I have totally different tastes In fact we don"t have much at all

There is a very cÍOS€ .+- between a mother and a newborn baby

It is important to a good working relationship your work colleagues

A relationship can easlÌy if you don’t work at it

I really admire the relationship my mother and my grandmother

There can be a lot 0Ÿ between teenagers and their parents

2.1

Growing up 1

Scan the text below and underline these words:

rewarding sibling relate accommodating adolescence interaction nurture

2.2

Study links early friendships with high-quality sibling relationships

Children who experience a rewarding friendship before the birth of a sibling are likely co have a better relationship with that brother or sister that endures throughout their childhood, said Laurie Kramer in a University of Illinois study published in December's Journal of Family Psychology

‘When early friendships are successful, young children get the chance to master sophisticated social and emotional skills, even more chan they do with a parent When parents relate to a child, they do a lot of the work, figuring out

what the child needs and then accommodating those needs,’ says Kramer However, this is not usually the case when

two children are interacting

The research showed that the benefits of early friends are long-lasting Children who had a positive relationship with

a best friend before the birch of a sibling ultimately had a good relationship wich their sibling that lasted throughout

adolescence, Kramer said And children who as preschoolers were able to coordinate play with a friend, manage

conflicts, and keep an interaction positive in tone were most likely as teenagers to avoid the negative sibling interaction

that can sometimes launch children on a path of anti-social behavior, she added ‘Prom birth, parents can nurture and

help develop these social competencies (or skills) by making eye contact with their babies, offering toys and playing with chem,’ she said

Read the text and match the words you have underlined to the following definitions

1 help someone/something develop and grow

2 agreeingtoademand —— — Look for familiar words in longer words to work

3 brother or sister

4 respond to somebody

5 the stage between childhood and adulthood (correlation or cooperate) often means with or

6 giving a lot of pleasure

7 communication

2.3

th Han, Vocabulary note

out their meaning, e.g correlation (one thing is linked with another); interrelated (the relationship nrưttttttrrrrrtrrrrtrrrrerrere between two or more things) NB The prefix co-,

¬ together The prefix inter- (interact or intercity)

Read the text again and say whether these sentences are true (7) or false (F) Underline the part of the text

that gave you your answer

1 If young children have good friends then they will have a good relationship with their brother or sister

2 Parents help their children develop more social and emotional skills than friends do

WwW Friends will give you what you want more often than your parents do

Teenagers who fight with their brothers or sisters may behave in a way that is socially unacceptable

5 If parents play with their children more then they will learn how to be more sociable

1 Growing up

2.4 A lot of words connected with families and adopt nurture relationship

relationships can also be used in a different context conflict related relative

Complete the sentences with a word from the box family relation

1 The wolf ¡sa member of the dog

2_ The company decided to anew

approach to staff recruitment

J

Error warning -

Note the following common errors: J am writing in relation to/with your job advertisement NOT i-+relatien-of— My relationship with my parents is very strong NOT Myreletionwwithny perenis—

~ 3 The study found a strong between a

lack of friends and sibling rivalry

4 Whether you think the price of goods is high is

ụẢ+ to the amount of money you earn

Ss Studies have shown that stress in adulthood can be Vocabulary note

6 Good teachers identify the talents of their students and Verbs: build a relationship, develop a relationship,

7 This evidence seems to with the relationship

findings from previous studies Adjectives: a close relationship, o long-standing

§& lamwritingin to the job relationship, a working relationship, a successful

Prepositions: a relationship with someone, a

3.4 COMPOUND NOUNS Match the words in box A with relationship between two things or people (NOT

the words in box B to make 10 compound nouns relationship-te someone)

You will need to use some words more than once

A active family maternal sibling stable Am — ẻẻ.ằ

gatherings resemblance role ¬N 2 RA 2 GB AI Ho m4 GHI ĐÁ 6 6 tee eee eee

3.2 @1b Think about your answers to these questions Then

listen to a student’s answers and tick the phrases

you hear in 3.1

1 Tell me about your family

2 Who are you most similar to in your family?

3 What do you think it takes to be a good parent?

3.3 © 15 Listen again and find the words that match these definitions

Growing up 1

Test practice

You may not hear exactly the same words as you see on the question paper, so you need

to listen for paraphrases If you miss an answer, go on to the next one Remember that the

questions are in the same order as the information in the recording For notes completion

items make sure you stick to the word limit given and check your spelling at the end

Family name: .- Caen

Other children in the family: a brother aged (4) woe eee

Address: (5) ccceccesessereresseresseeseees , Brisbane

Emergency contact number: 3467 8890

Relationship to child: (6) oo cece

Development

° Has difficulty (7) -.«-cxeceei dunng the day

© Is able to (8) herself

Child-care arrangements

Days required: (9) occ: and

Pick-up time: (1Ö) .-<e2

11

C taÙk F tỉe a shoelace?

1.2 © 22' you will hear a talk about early development in children Listen and complete the table below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Stage Social and emotional milestones | Physical milestones Cognitive and communicative

milestones Infant © = likes to mimic ® can sit and stand without ® can use basic words and

se tries to see how parents react help (2)

to thẹr (1) e uses objects for their

intended purpose

(3) |® Ís more (4) is able to e greater understanding of

© (5) things e ses (6)

Middle childhood | © the(?) ® growth is not as © good reading and writing

¬ 1 , Ắ (9) e asin (12) impact on development earlier stages

¢ some children appear ® (10) and

grown up, others are (65) eee are the

(8) same size as in adulthood

1.3 © 2a Listen to the talk again and find words 1.4 WORD BUILDING Complete the table

that mean the same as the following

Mental and physical development 2

This is also a pertod of enormous physical change and adolescents experience changes in their physical development

at a rate unparalleled since infancy These changes include significant gains in height and weight Within a year, boys and girls can gain an average of 4.1 inches and 3.5 inches in height respectively This growth spurt typically occurs two years earlier for girls than for boys and can tend to make both sexes go through a clumsy phase In terms of their cognitive development, adolescents have greater reasoning skills and have developed the ability to think logically and hypothetically They are also able to discuss more abstract concepts They should also have developed strategies to help them study

First-year students often struggle with the ransition from high school to university

The cv, at which a change occurs can cause problems for both the very young and the elderly

It can be less stressful to make a presentation to ÿ0UF rather than to your teachers

The increase ïn violence among young people may be a of watching too much violence on TV and in video games

Petrol prices are increasing at a speed that ïs since the oil crisis of the 70s

WC <t-1 1 | 4 -] 6: rebel against their parents between the ages of 14 and 16

In part three of the speaking test you are expected to be able to talk about more topics Infinity ïs a very difficult - for children to grasp

To i0 Waii Hi dEee the following words and phrases Vocabulary note

h - : impossible Similarly, ir- often comes in front of words beginning with

ac A PS r, il- often comes in front of words beginning with / and in- in front vết tu - DUYỀNTTE of other words: irresponsible, illegal, insensitive However, there are

gh Bau ee a exceptions: unbelievable, displeased, unlikely, unpopular etc The

f ÿSkient rẻ ` bảo prefix over- can also be negative, meaning too much: overdeveloped, pore ait atten eorerannt overdue, overcrowded, oversensitive

unsteady

Error warning

Grow can be used with plants: We could grow flowers and trees here

Or with things: The business is growing rapidly But grow up can only

be used with people or cities: The city grew up from a small group of houses near the river Grow up is intransitive, which means you can’t use it with an object NOT The-governmentgrewtpihe cite

2 Mental and physical development

_2.3- Many words used to talk about human growth can also be used to talk about data and statistics Complete the

sentences with a suitable word from the text in 2.1 You may need to change the form of the words

1 Thep Of greatest stability occurred between 1985 and 1990

2_ The greatest period of g was in 2004,

3 The figures § from 2,500 to 6,000 in 2007

„¿The company § - an extra 2,000 employees in 2002

5 Sales increased at a significant r -.- - between 2001 and 2005

6 The number of migrants rose s - from 1980 to 2000

The mind

| 4.2 _ @ 2b Now listen to a student answering the efiwher You remind me of my sister NOT E

questions in 4.1 and make a note of all of the words rertndmeel

3 = -Match the phrases in A with the definitions in B

1 keep an open mind A increase your knowledge

3 have something in mind Cc I couldn’t remember a thing

4 have something on your mind 0 remember

5 my mind went blank E try not to judge before you know the facts

6 itstipped my mind F be worried about something

8 broaden the mind H stop you from worrying

Remember = to have a memory in your mind

T remember my first day at school

Remind = someone or something helps you

to remember something Remind js not

2 Do you think you have a good memory or a poor memory? usually used with the subject J Jt reminds

me of when I lived in Egypt NOT Lremind

4.1 Think about your answers to these questions

1 What do you remember about your early childhood?

POE n abe ktm EAE PSEA de EP SEER A EEO EE ARR EE ok OOO ROAR EE Eee eee OOD EDD ERAN ee see ee CONES SES

ED EE OE Eee ee ỐC UAT O PEO EU GED NE APTA Ree eee TOUS EEE RAN eae sae ee

| 4.3 Correct the vocabulary mistakes in these sentences

1 Iwill always memery how beautiful the sunset was on that day remember

2 [have very fond reminders of my school days

3 Could you remember me to buy some bread on the way home7 -

4 At school we always had to memory long lists of vocabulary «0.0.0.0 cece:

5 [ remind how happy our chịldhood was

Mental and physical development 2

Describe a memorable period or event from your childhood

° what the event or period was given up to one minute to prepare for this

¢ what happened during this event or time part of the test You can make nates if

¢ why it was memorable and what you learned from this you want, but you don’t have to Use the

help you plan your answer

You will have to talk about the topic for 1-2 minutes You

have one minute to think about what you are going to say

You can make notes if you wish

General Training Writing Task 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task

Finding it hard to remember important facts and

figures? Improve your memory in 10 weeks with

our Memory Course Places are limited and the before you start to write and when you

course is available for only a short time have finished, check your spelling and the

number of words you have used

Make sure that you address all the points

in the question Organise your ideas

You see the above advertisement for a course designed to help improve your memory

Write a letter to the organisers of the course In the letter

e give some background information about yourself

® explain your own problems and why you would like to do the course

e enquire about the methods used on the course

* enquire about course fees and dates

You should write at least 150 words You do not need to write any addresses

You should begin your letter

Dear Sir or Madam

15

Diet, health and exercise

Re Diet

1.1 Answer these questions

1 Howhealthy are you? A veryhealthy 8 moderately healthy Cc unhealthy? 2 Tick the appropriate column below to show how often you eat the different foods T eat at least once a day a few times a week once a week rarely / never cakes or chocolate fried fast foods fish fruit meat vegetables 1.2 Complete the gaps in the text below using words from the box factors ingredients maintain nutrients overeating overweight servings variety How to improve your diet @ Make sure that you eat a (1) -.- of foods It is important to eat from all five food groups e tat plenty of fruit and vegetables These contain vital (2) and leading dietitians recommend eating at least two (3) eecesseseeseneeeseees of fruit and three of vegetables every day e Try to (4) 4 healthy weight Being too thin can cause as many health problems as being (5) 22 22c re Remember, the correct weight for you depends on many different (6) .-

including your age, height and sex e Eat moderate portions and don’t be tempted to order a larger size when eating out Skipping meals can lead to (TD) cecceseccecsesssereveesecevsees as you will be much hungrier later, so be sure to eat regularly if you want to curb your appetite e You don’t need to eliminate all of your favourite foods but do check the (8) - - on food labels and make sure that you reduce your intake of foods that are high in fats, sugar and salt e If you have a food allergy, make sure you avoid any of the ingredients that can trigger an attack 4.3 Match these words and phrases with words from the advice in 1.2 1 VêrV Important 6 limit

2 f00d scienfists ? desire to eat

3 neither small nor large 8 totally remove

4 S€TVÏTBS 9 a condition that causes ïiÌness if you eat certạn foods

5 Ti5SinBE ouf 0n - 10 aCfivafe

Adjectives: in good health, in poor health, in excellent

® 32 You will hear part of a health

talk Listen and complete the summary below

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

health The heart is a (1) eee eee Adiet high We can use healthy to describe things other than your

in (2) ccccrsrce can slow down the body: a healthy appetite, o healthy diet, a healthy economy, GÌ ca se and lead to heart o healthy disrespect for authority

problems A heart attack is caused when an

artery that (4) xecsseei to the heart becomes (%) cu Patients must be given

(6) Ặ chà immediately A stroke is caused when there is a blockage in an artery that leads to the (7) vececcsecevseeseersesvereveeeees A stroke can have a major effect on your body and as yet there is no (8) ,

À healthy diet will keep your arteries (8) .-.- and can lower the (10) .- -.«- of a stroke

or heart attack

@ 3 Now listen to part 2 of the talk and answer the questions

Write down three types of aerobic exercise that are MentiOned: on ccc cece ces ceeeeeecestenentaneneeneneansees

Listen again and find words that mean the same as

A ina ñxed pattern M2712

B quickly health ot mentol health NOT edueetien-end-heolthy

C_ Iittle by little or erteLheeRthy WÑe say someone 1s strong and

D_ astrong suggestion -. - healthy NOT strongandheetth

E speed «

F doing something to êXC@SS < <cc

G& gel better

H_ every second one - Vocabulary note

-tion at the end of a word usually indicates that the WORD BUILDING Complete the table below You word is a noun: action, repetition

do not need to write anything in the shaded areas -tious indicates an adjective: repetitious

Write the opposites where indicated (opp.)

3 Keeping fit

4.1 PRONUNCIATION @ 3¢! put the words into the 0 8

correct box according to their sound, then practise | (a7 unvoiced soundasin | (a voiced sound as in this)

saying the words Listen and check your answers think)

batty, bathé, birth, breath, breathe, death, growth, health, mouth (v), mouth (n), teeth, teethe, writhe bath bathe

_ 2 O34 Complete the sentences with words from 4.1 Then listen to the recording to check your answers

Practise saying the sentences

1 took a deep before diving into the water

The baby 1s crying because he's He got †Wwo new .c only yesterday

Old people should take care of theìr -

He’s been so happy sïnce the of his son

The pạn was so bad she was in agony

He can't - - You need to get him to hospital

- Improve this essay by replacing the words in italics with ONE OR TWO words from this unit

In the future we won’t have to worry about what we eat We'll just take a tablet to give us all that our body needs and cooking will become a thing of the past

In our modern world we often look for quick solutions to our problems We expect to be able to achieve a great deal with little effort But I don’t believe we can apply this notion to our diet and still remain healthy Preparing a healthy meal can take a Jot of time First you need to have fresh ingredients Pre-packaged foods can contain a lot of unhealthy additives and so they are not as ' good for your body as fresh food You also need to make sure to include a

* lot of different foods to make sure that you receive all of the vitamins and minerals that are? very, very important toa healthy diet It is not surprising then that some people want to find a simple solution to this in the form of a pill

Fast foods are very high in fat, sugar and salt and so we should eat them in small amounts For some people,

however, these foods have become their staple diet and as a result they are * fat If we want to ° stop this from becoming an even bigger problem in the future then we need to address this situation now While vitamin tablets may be of some benefit, they are unlikely to be effective in the fight against ° people getting too fat

Health authorities need to increase public awareness of these issues, but we also need to be realistic Fast food is

popular not only because it is convenient but also because it is tasty Perhaps we should ’ strongly advise that people who eat fast food every day should at least ® swap fast food with fresh food on every second day Finally, we eat for pleasure as well as nutrition and for this reason I believe that pills will never replace well-cooked food

Answer the questions Write one or two sentences

Do you think young people are more or less fit than 50 years ago? (Why? / Why not?)

In what way is your diet different from when you were a young child?

What changes do you think will occur in our diet in the future?

Keeping fit 3

Test practice

Academic Reading

Read the following passage and answer questions 1-14

The causes, diagnosis and prevention of stress

In prehistoric times, the physical changes in response to stress were an essential adaptation for meeting natural

threats Even in the modern world, the stress response can be an asset for raising levels of performance during

critical events such as sports activities, important meetings, or in situations of actual danger or crisis If stress becomes persistent and low-level, however, all parts of the body’s stress apparatus (the brain, heart, lungs, vessels

and muscles) become chronically over- or under-activated This may produce physical or psychological damage

over time Acute stress can also be harmful in certain situations

Psychological effects of stress

Studies suggest that the inability to deal with stress is associated with the onset of depression or anxiety In one study, two-thirds of subjects who experienced a stressful situation had nearly six times the risk of developing depression within that month Some evidence suggests that repeated release of stress hormones disrupts normal levels of serotonin, the nerve chemical that is critical for feelings of well-being Certainly, on a more obvious level, stress diminishes the quality of life by reducing feelings of pleasure and accomplishment, and relationships are often threatened

Nevertheless, some stress may be beneficial For example, although some research has suggested that stress may

be a risk factor for suicide (a 2003 study found a higher risk for suicide in women reporting both low and very high stress), those with moderate stress levels had the lowest risk

Nevertheless, evidence is still needed to confirm any clear-cut relationship between stress and heart disease For

example, a 2002 study in Scotland found no greater risk for actual heart disease or heart events even in men who reported higher mental stress In fact, higher stress was associated with fewer heart events, although men with high stress levels did tend to complain of chest pain and to go to hospital for it more often than those with lower stress levels

Evidence has linked stress to heart disease in men, particularly in work situations where they lack control The

association between stress and heart problems in women is weaker and there is some evidence that the ways

women cope with stress may be more heart-protective In one study, for example, men were more apt than women

to use alcohol or eat less healthily in response to stress than women, which might account for their higher heart risks from stress Different stress factors may affect genders differently In one study, work stress was associated with a higher risk for heart disease in men, but marital stress — not work stress — was associated with more severe heart disease in women with existing heart problems

Eating problems

Stress can have varying effects on eating problems and weight Often stress is related to weight gain and obesity

Many people develop cravings for salt, fat and sugar to counteract tension and, thus, gain weight Weight gain can occur even with a healthy diet in some people exposed to stress In a 2000 study, lean women who gained weight

in response to stress tended to be less able to adapt to and manage stressful conditions The release of cortisol, a major stress hormone, appears to promote abdominal fat and may be the primary connection between stress and

weight gain in such people

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