Solar thermal technologies FOR POWER GENERATION

SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR POWER GENERATION S.K.Singh Scientist F Solar Energy Centre... Cost break-up of 50 MW Solar thermal power plant... Concentrated solar power plant using

SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR POWER

GENERATION

S.K.Singh

Scientist F Solar

Energy Centre

• Parabolic Trough Solar Electric Generating

System (SEGS)

trough

260–400 8–80 One-axis Heliostat field 500–800 600–1000 Two-axis

Central receiver

Dish

concentrators

500–1200 800–8000 Two-axis

Temperature and concentration ratio of the various solar

thermal collector technologies

Technology option

Cost break-up of 50 MW Solar thermal power plant

Parabolic trough

Trough without Evacuated

Receiver

Wednesday, October 13, 2010 10

Arun Solar Dish

Source: Solar Thermal Systems for Industrial process applications Dr Sirish Kedare

Factor influencing Solar Concentrated

Technology

EFFICIEN

CY

Direct normal Irradiance (DNI)

Latitude Effect

Ambient Temperatu

re

Required Temperatu

re

Wind Velocity

LINEAR FRESNELREFLECTOR

(CLFR)

(Td- Ta ) / DNI

Latitude Effect

Concentrator trough.

Concentrator trough.

Solar trough

Flat Plate Collector

Concentrating collectors Non imaging collectors: Compound parabolic

concentrator (CPC)

20

Concentrating collectors

Performance

21

Concentrated solar power plant using parabolic trough design

Concentrated solar power plant using parabolic trough design

Central Receiver Power Plant

Central Receiver Power Plant

Solar Chimney Power Plants

Solar pond

Solar pond

Dish stirling

Stiriling Engine

Highlights the key features of the three solar

technologies

Parabolic trough Dish/Engine Power Tower

50kW-100MW 5-25 kW 10-200 MW Operating Temperature

(ºC/ºF) 390/734 750/1382 565/1049

Annual Capacity Factor 23-50 % 25 % 20-77 %

Peak Efficiency 20%(d) 29.4%(d) 23%(p)

Net Annual Efficiency 11(d)-16% 12-25%(p) 7(d)-20%

Commercial Status Commercially Scale-up Prototype Demonstration AvailableDemonstration Technology

Development Risk Low High Medium

Storage Available Limited Battery Yes

Hybrid Designs Yes Yes Yes

(p) = predicted; (d) = demonstrated;

50 KW POWER PLANT AT SOLAR ENREGY CENTER

Air-cooled steam condenser

Water Demineralization Plant

Pump between storage-tank and steam generator

Water Pump

Solar Field

  

Reciever Tube

 Diameter of stainless tube 38 mm

 Absorptance of the black coating 0.96

 Emittance of the black coating 0.17

 Diameter of the outer glass envelope 65 mm

 Thickness of the glass envelope 2 mm

 Transmissivity of the glass envelope 0.90

Thermic Fluid

HYTHERM – 500 oil

Operating max temperature-290 o C

collected in the storage tank or directly supplied to the boiler

Steam Generator & Economizer

 Type of the steam generator Tube-in-Shell

 Temp of the oil at inlet of steam generator

290 0 C

 Temp of the oil at outlet of economizer

229 0 C

 Steam pressure at desired output 31 Kg/cm 2

 Steam temperature at desired output 229 0 C

 Flow of steam at desired output 940 Kg/hr

Steam Generator & Economizer

Turbo-Generator Set

 Type of the turbine Single stage velocity

 Steam pr at the outlet of turbine at desired output 31 Kg/cm 2

 Rotational speed of the turbine at desired output 6075 RPM

 Rotational speed of alternator 1500 RPM

 Frequency of the output current 50 Hz

 Voltage of the output current 415 V

Turbo-Generator Set

Air-cooled steam condenser

Pump between storage-tank

and steam generator

Water Pump

No of pump 4

One 750 W pump is provided for feeding the water to the demineralization plant

One 750 W pump feeding the water to the

overhead tank from the underground tank of condensed water

Two pumps of 5.5 kW each are provided for feeding the water into the steam generator at higher pressure

50 KW POWER PLANT AT SOLAR ENREGY CENTER

 1 Latitude 28.5 North

 2 Module orientation North-South

 3 Number of collector loops 4

 4 Total reflector area 1280 sq.mt.

 5 Heat extracting fluid Hytherm-500

 6 Field outlet temp 290 0 C

 7 Field inlet temp 229 0 C

 8 Normal Thermal Oil flow rate 3.8 Kg/s

 9 Min Thermal Oil flow rate 1.7 Kg/s

 10 Expected efficiency of steam generator 90%

 11 Expected efficiency of over all plant 9.23%

 12 Min wind speed for designed output 30 KM/hr

 13 Min operating insolation 200 W/m 2

 14 Max System pressures 10 bar

 15 Steam flow rate at desired output 940Kg/hr.

Solar Collector Field

 Collector span 1.28 m

 Collector focal length 0.64 m

 Collector reflectivity 0.93

 Individual Collector length 1.5 m

 Number of reflector in one loop 192

 Total number of collector loops 4

 Length of individual collector loop 152 m

 Total area of the collectors 1280 sq.mt

NATIONAL SOLAR THERMAL POWER TESTING, RESEARCH AND SIMULATION FACILITY

Main Component

Setting of 1 MW Solar Thermal Power Plant

Creation of National Test Facility

Development of Simulation Package

Setting up of 1 MW Solar Thermal Power Plant

SOLAR COLLECTOR FIELD SPECIFICATIONS

SOLAR FIELD COLLECTOR AREA:

The solar collector field is expected to generate 2 MW thermal output at direct

normal solar radiation of 600W/m 2 during the solar noon at summer months

and at above mentioned operating parameters.

Aperture area = 7020 m 2 ( for 10 units)

Solar Field Working Fluid Fluid phase

Operating Temperatures (°C)

Design temperature Operating pressure Design pressure

Inlet Outlet °C (absolute) bar (absolute) bar

Direct Steam

Generation Water/steam Two Phase 105 257 300 44 124

Process flow design

Temperature Entropy Diagram

DNI at Solar Energy Centre

Development of Simulation Package

thermal power plant

(using empirical equations) of working fluids and equipment

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE OF THE SIMULATOR

Development of a Modular Central Receiver Concentrated Solar Power Plant for Decentralized Power Generation

• Sunborne proprietary storage material

TS Preliminary System Layouts

Preliminary Simulation Parameters

Research, development and demonstration of indigenously-developed Solar Dish technologies

Consortium Partner

Megawatt Solutions Pvt Ltd

 Solar Energy Center (SEC

Project Specification

Design and demonstrate a field of 4

interconnected dish concentrators each of

90m2 aperture area providing heated thermic fluids at up to 400degC

Assessment of:

Energy Collection Performance

Concentrator Tracking Control

Thermal Receiver Performance

Pipe field Performance

Concentrator Structure Performance

Reflector Performance

Sub-component Performance and other

Solar Dish Concentrator-an indigenous development project

MWS and SEC

Principle Of Operation of a Solar Dish

S u n

S u n

Sun’s rays fall on dish and get

concentrated on a receiver at all

times throughout the year

This concentrated solar energy heats up a cold fluid upto very high temperatures (400degC)

The solar heat at high temperatures can be used as process heat in Industries, for power generation and for refrigeration /cooling

A dish concentrator of 90 sqm aperture area providing heated thermic fluid at around 400C

Assessment of:

Dish Technology Offers Highest Output To Any Other

Concentrator Technology