AUTOCAD mechanical 2000 tutorials

18 | Chapter 2 Extending the Design of a Lever3 Respond to the prompt as follows: Insertion point: Specify the intersection of line b and line c Next, draw two lines parallel to the vert

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17320-010000-5080 June 28, 1999

 Mechanical 2000

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Contents | v

Content

Introduction 1

Prerequisites 2

How the Tutorials Are Organized 2

Methods for Accessing AutoCAD Mechanical Commands 2

Styles for Different Input Actions 3

Chapter 1: Working with Templates 5

Key Terms 6

Working with Templates 7

Getting Started 7

Setting Up the Starting Layer 8

Setting the Mechanical Options 9

Specifying the Drawing Limits 10

Saving a Template 10

Using a Template 11

Chapter 2: Extending the Design of a Lever 13

Key Terms 14

Extending the Design 15

Getting Started 15

Preliminary Settings: Snap Configuration 16

Creating Construction Lines (C-Lines) 17

Creating additional C-Lines 19

Creating a Contour and Applying a Fillet 22

Creating a Contour and Trimming Projecting Edges 24

Cross-Hatching the Lever 26

Dimensioning the Lever 27

Creating a Detail and Additional Dimensions 29

Chapter 3: Dimensioning and Annotations 33

Key Terms 34

Dimensioning 36

Automatic Dimensioning 36

Editing Dimensions with Power Commands 39

Inserting Annotations 43

Inserting a Drawing Border 46

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vi | Contents

Chapter 4: Working with Layers and Layer Groups 49

Key Terms 50

Working with Layers and Layer Groups 51

Understanding Layer Management 51

Getting Started 51

Changing a Layer By Selecting Objects 52

Creating Layer Groups 53

Using a Layer Group to Copy Objects 58

Chapter 5: Working with a Bill of Material and a Parts List 61

Key Terms 62

Inserting a Part Reference 63

Placing Balloons 66

Creating a Parts List 71

Merging and Splitting Items in a Parts List 75

Collecting Balloons 77

Sorting and Renumbering Items on a Parts List 79

Using Filters 81

Chapter 6: Working with Model Space and Layouts 85

Key Terms 86

Working with Model Space and Layouts 87

Getting Started 87

Creating a Scale Area 88

Creating a Detail 90

Generating a New Viewport 91

Inserting an User Through Hole 93

Creating a Subassembly in a New Layout 97

Chapter 7: Designing a Cam 103

Key Terms 104

Cam Design 105

Getting Started 105

Configuring the Cam Plate Calculations 106

Creating Movement Sections 108

Creating Velocity and Acceleration Curves 110

Creating Cam Geometry from the Graph 111

Creating NC Data 112

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Contents | vii

Chapter 8: Calculating Moment of Inertia and Deflection Line 115

Key Terms 116

Calculating Moment of Inertia and Deflection Line 117

Getting Started 117

Calculating the Moment of Inertia 118

Calculating the Deflection Line 119

Chapter 9: Creating a Shaft With Standard Parts 125

Key Terms 126

Creating a Shaft with Standard Parts 127

Configuring the Snap Options 127

Starting and Configuring the Shaft Generator 127

Creating Cylindrical Shaft Sections and Gears 129

Inserting a Spline Profile 130

Inserting a Chamfer and a Fillet 131

Inserting a Shaft Break 132

Creating a Side View of the Shaft 133

Inserting a Thread 134

Editing and Inserting a Shaft Section 134

Replacing a Shaft Section 136

Inserting a Bearing 137

Chapter 10: Performing a Shaft Calculation 139

Key Terms 140

Performing a Shaft Calculation 141

Getting Started 141

Creating the Contour of a Shaft 142

Specifying the Material 143

Placing the Supports 143

Specifying the Loads 144

Calculating the Shaft and Inserting the Results 147

Chapter 11: Working with Standard Parts 149

Key Terms 150

Working with Standard Parts 151

Getting Started 151

Inserting a Screw Connection 152

Copying a Screw Connection with Power Copy 157

Using Power Recall and Performing a Screw Calculation 158

Editing a Screw Connection with Power Edit 164

Working with Power View 166

Deleting with Power Erase 168

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viii | Contents

Inserting a Hole 169

Inserting a Pin 171

Hiding C-Lines 172

Simplifying the Representation of Standard Parts 173

Chapter 12: Chain Calculation 175

Key Terms 176

Chain Calculation 177

Getting Started 177

Performing a Length Calculation 178

Optimizing the Chain Length 180

Inserting Sprockets 181

Inserting a Chain 184

Chapter 13: Calculating a Spring 187

Key Terms 188

Calculating a Spring 189

Getting Started 189

Starting the Spring Calculation 190

Specifying the Spring Layout 192

Calculating and Selecting the Spring 196

Inserting the Spring 196

Copying the Spring with Power Copy 197

Editing the Spring with Power Edit 198

Chapter 14: Using FEA to Calculate Stress 201

Key Terms 202

2D FEA 203

Getting Started 203

Calculating the Stress in a Lever 203

Defining Loads and Supports 205

Calculating the Results 207

Evaluating and Refining the Mesh 208

Improving the Design 210

Recalculating the Stress 211

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Introduction

In This Chapter

Learning how to use AutoCAD Mechanical

2000 for all your mechanical design needs is

exciting This book contains a series of tutorials

to teach you how to use AutoCAD Mechanical

2000 The tutorials provide a comprehensive

overview of the mechanical design process as

well

Drawing files have been included with the

program specifically for the tutorials These

drawing files provide the initial state for

starting the tutorial exercises

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2 | Introduction

Prerequisites

Installing AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 with typical or full

installation, the tutorial drawings will automatically be installed.Selecting the compact installation, the tutorial drawings will not beinstalled

If you select the custom installation, be sure that you have selectedthe online help files to install the tutorial drawings as well

Because of the fact that the tutorial is completely based on ISOstandard, please be sure to have the ISO standards selected duringinstallation If you have already installed AutoCAD Mechanical

2000 without the ISO standard part standard, please install theISO standard part standard now

How the Tutorials Are Organized

The tutorials are organized so that each of the tutorial exercisesdeals with a special function or group of function in

AutoCAD Mechanical 2000

The tutorial exercises 9 to 14 deal with AutoCAD Mechanical 2000Power Pack functions and can only be worked through if you haveinstalled the Power Pack

At the beginning of each tutorial, there is a list of Key Terms Theseterms contain pertinent mechanical design terminology anddefinitions Understanding the terms before you begin the lessonswill help you in the tutorials

Methods for Accessing AutoCAD

Mechanical Commands

AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 provides several methods for accessingthe commands You can choose the method you prefer In thetutorial, all the methods are included in the step-by-step

procedures You decide which method to use Here is an example

of a step that includes the command access options:

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Styles for Different Input Actions

The tutorials contain different styles for different user input actionsfor more clarity These styles are:

User Actions: This style is represented in italics It is used for all

actions the user has to make, for exampleselections

KEYSTROKES: This style is represented in All Caps It is used for

keystrokes the user has to make, for exampleconfirmations

User Entries: This style is represented bold It is used for entries

the user has to make using the keyboard, forexample length or diameter specifications

Here is an example that contains the different input styles:

2 Choose the Edit icon and respond to the prompts as follows:Select object: Select the first cylindrical section, P1

Specify length <12>: Press ENTER

Specify diameter <20>: Enter 18

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4

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Working with Templates

In this tutorial, you learn about the AutoCAD

Mechanical predefined templates and how to

create your own user-defined templates

Setting up the startinglayer

Setting the mechanicaloptions

Specifying the drawinglimits

Saving a template

Using a template

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6 | Chapter 1 Working with Templates

Key Terms

base layer A layer made up of working layers and standard parts layers Base layers are

repeated in every layer group.

layer group A group of associated or related items in a drawing A major advantage of

working with layer groups is that you can deactivate a specific layer group and a complete component The drawing and its overview are enhanced with a reduction in regeneration time.

part layers A layer where the standard parts are put All standard parts layers have the suffix

AM_*N.

template A file with predefined settings to use for new drawings; however, any drawing

can be used as a template.

working layer The layer where you are currently working.

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• unit type and precision

• drawing limits

• snap, grid, and ortho settings

• layer organization

• title blocks, borders, and logos

• dimension and text styles

• linetypes and lineweights

If you start a drawing from scratch, AutoCAD Mechanical reads thesystem defaults, which have a predefined standard, from the

registry

If you create a new drawing, based on an existing template, andmake changes to the drawing, those changes do not affect thetemplate

To begin working with templates immediately, you can use thepredefined template files stored in the acadm\template folder.However, for this tutorial you will create your own template

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Setting Up the Starting Layer

Each time you start AutoCAD Mechanical, layer 0 is active Sincelayer 0 does not belong to the Mechanical layers, it is not displayed

in the Layer Control dialog box of AutoCAD Mechanical, if youselect Mechanical Layer in the Show field

Therefore, you need to specify the mechanical layer AM_0 as thedefault starting layer

1 Start the Layer Control command

Menu Assist > Layer / Layer Group > Layer / Layer Group

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Setting the Mechanical Options | 9

Setting the Mechanical Options

In the Mechanical Options dialog box, you can specify generalsettings for AutoCAD Mechanical

1 Start the Mechanical Options command

Menu Assist > Mechanical Options

standard-related settings are changed (Dimensioning, BOM,

Symbols, ) and saved in the template file

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Specifying the Drawing Limits

Now, specify the drawing limits according to size A0

(841 x 1189 mm) This limits your drawing space to the specifiedsize

1 Start the Drawing Limits command

Menu Assist > Format > Drawing Limits

2 Respond to the prompts as follows:

Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.00,0.00>: Press ENTER

Specify upper right corner <420.00,297.00>: Enter 840,1188Now, the limits are expanded to A0 format

Saving a Template

Now, save the previously changed drawing as a template

1 Start the Save As command

Menu File > Save As

2 In the Save Drawing As dialog box, specify:

File name: my_own_template

Save as type: AutoCAD Drawing Template File (*.dwt)

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Using a Template | 11

3 In the Template Description dialog box, specify:

Description: Tutorial Template

Measurement: Metric

4 Choose OK

Using a Template

Next, you start a new drawing and select a starting template

1 Start the New command

Now, you start the new drawing, using the settings in the

previously saved template

In the next step, you specify your template as the default template

4 Start the Mechanical Options command

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Menu Assist > Mechanical Options

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Extending the Design of a Lever

In This Chapter

2

In this tutorial, you extend the design of an

existing lever using various possibilities You also

create a drawing detail and some dimensioning

options

Using the library toinsert a part

Preliminary settings:snap configuration

Creating constructionlines

Creating additionalconstruction lines

Creating a contourand applying a fillet

Creating a contourand trimmingprojecting edges

Cross-hatching thelever

Dimensioning thelever

Creating a detail andadditional dimensions

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14 | Chapter 2 Extending the Design of a Lever

Key Terms

(C-lines)

construction lines Lines, which are infinite in both directions or rays, which are infinite starting at apoint that can be inserted into the drawing area You use C-lines to transfer

important points (for example, center points of bores) into other views or drawing areas.

distance snap To give the dimensions in a drawing a uniform appearance, Power Dimensioning

and Automatic Dimensioning enable automatic insertion of the dimension line at

a defined distance from the object being dimensioned While dragging the dimension line dynamically, you will find that it remains "fixed" and is highlighted

in red as soon as the required distance to the object being dimensioned is reached.

Library A feature that makes it possible to store parts such as blocks and drawings in a

library For every inserted part, an icon can be created The icon is put in the display section on the right side of the dialog box along with an assigned name Power Command A collective term for the Power Copy, Power Recall, Power Edit, Power

Dimensioning, Power Erase, and Power View commands.

Power

Dimensioning Power Dimensioning is a very useful tool for generating linear, radial anddiameter dimensions, which minimizes the number of the individual actions

required while generating a dimension Power Dimensioning selects the type of linear dimension (horizontal, vertical, or aligned), based on the selected point, and the dimensions of the drawing can have a uniform style using the distance snap.

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3 Respond to the prompt as follows:

Insertion point: Specify any point in the drawing

4 Start the Zoom Window command

Menu View > Zoom > Window

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5 Zoom in to the part of the drawing shown in the following figure

Preliminary Settings: Snap Configuration

In addition to the AutoCAD snap, Mechanical snap options, likearc radial, arc tangent, and so forth are available You also havefour different snap settings, which can be configured separately for

a quick switch to a different snap setting For example, you can usedifferent snap settings for detailing or general design

Before starting the design, you should define the object snaps,which you will use in later operations

1 Start the Power Snap settings

Toolbutton Power Snap Settings 1 - 4

Menu Assist > Draft Settings > Power Snap Settings 1 - 4

2 In the Power Snap Settings dialog box, specify:

Setting 1: Endpoint, Intersection

Setting 2: Endpoint, Center, Quadrant, Intersection, Parallel

Setting 3: Perpendicular

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Creating Construction Lines (C-Lines) | 17

3 After configuring the settings, activate Setting 1, and choose OK TIP The object snap functions are also accessible: hold down theSHIFT key, and click the right mouse button

Creating Construction Lines (C-Lines)

Construction lines are very useful when you start your designprocess With their help, you draw some kind of a design grid withyour defined values for distance and angles After generating thedesign grid, you simply trace your contour with the contour layer.Now insert the construction lines, which will help with the

drawing of contour lines

1 Start the Draw C-Lines command

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Insertion point: Specify the intersection of line b and line c

Next, draw two lines parallel to the vertical and horizontal lines ofthe construction line cross

Toolbutton Parallel with Full Distance

Menu Design > Construction Lines > Draw C-Lines

5 In the Construction Lines dialog box, choose the Parallel with FullDistance icon

Select XLINE, RAY or LINE: Select line c

Distance(xx|xx|xx ) or Insertion point: Enter 3|9

Side to offset: Specify a point to the left of line c

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Creating additional C-Lines | 19

7 Insert the second set of parallel lines, and respond to the prompts

as follows:

Select XLINE, RAY or LINE: Select line b

Distance(xx|xx|xx ) or Insertion point: Enter 4.5|9.5

Side to offset: Specify a point below line b

8 Press ENTER

Creating additional C-Lines

AutoCAD Mechanical offers a choice of C-line options

1 Activate snap setting 2

Menu Assist > Draft Settings > Power Snap Settings 2

3 In the Construction Lines dialog box, choose the Two Points orAngle icon

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First point: Select intersection at point 3

Second point or Angle (xx|xx|xx ): Move the cursor over line a andthen back to the rectangle When the Parallel symbol appears, click

5 Press ENTER to finish the command

Now, you draw tangential circles between the diagonal C-line andthe right vertical line and lower horizontal line of the rectangle

Toolbutton Circle Tangent to 2 Lines

7 In the Construction Lines dialog box, choose the Circle Tangent to

2 Lines icon

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Creating additional C-Lines | 21

8 Draw the two circles by responding to the prompts as follows:Select point for tangent: Select point P1

Select point for tangent: Select point P2

Diameter: Enter 2

9 Press ENTER to end the command

All construction lines have been inserted, and the contour can begenerated

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Creating a Contour and Applying a Fillet

Now, you connect the two tangential circles with the right part ofthe rectangle, to build a filleted triangle

1 Start the Polyline command

Specify endpoint of arc or

[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/ Radius/Secondpt/Undo/Width]: Enter L

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Specify P4

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Enter A

[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/ Radius/Secondpt/Undo/Width]: Specify P5

[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/ Radius/Secondpt/Undo/Width]: Enter CL

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Creating a Contour and Applying a Fillet | 23

Now, erase the C-Lines You can erase all C-lines by calling onecommand

3 Erase C-Lines

Toolbutton Erase All C-Lines

Menu Modify > Erase > Erase All C-Lines

(Dimension mode:OFF)(Trim mode) Current fillet radius = 2.5

Select first object or [Polyline/Setup/Dimension]: Press ENTER

6 In the Fillet radius dialog box, specify:

Input: 1

Trim Mode: On

7 Choose OK

(Dimension mode:OFF)(Trim mode) Current fillet radius = 1

Select first object or [Polyline/Setup/Dimension]: Enter P

Poly Select 2D polyline: Select a point on the polyline near the corner

9 Press ESC to cancel the command

The triangular contour is complete

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Creating a Contour and Trimming Projecting Edges

Now, you create another part of the contour and trim projectingedges

1 Activate Power Snap Setting 3 command

Next, insert the next contour

2 Start the Line command

Menu Design > Line

Specify first point: Hold down the SHIFT key, right-click, and chooseIntersection

_int of: Select line a, P1

and: Select intersection on line b, P2

Specify next point: : Hold down the SHIFT key, right-click, and choosePerpendicular Then trace over line e, and click the perpendic point, P3Specify next point: Drag the cursor to the right, crossing over line c,and select the Extended Intersection point, P4

Specify next point: Press ENTER

Now, trim the projecting edges at the upper edge of the lever

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Creating a Contour and Trimming Projecting Edges | 25

4 Start the Trim command

Menu Modify > Trim

Projection = UCS, Edge = None

Select cutting edges:

Select Objects: Select line 1

Select Objects: Select line 2

Select Objects: Press ENTER

<Select object to trim>/Project/Edge/Undo: Select line 3

<Select object to trim>/Project/Edge/Undo: Select line 4

<Select object to trim>/Project/Edge/Undo: Press ENTER

6 Zoom to the extents of the lever

Menu View > Zoom > Extents

The contour is complete and looks like this:

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Cross-Hatching the Lever

Cross-hatching is easy with AutoCAD Mechanical Just choose one

of the predefined cross-hatching styles, and click a point withinthe contour to be hatched

1 Start the Hatch command, using an angle of 45 degrees and 2.5

mm / 0.1 inch spacing

Menu Design > Hatch > Hatch 45 deg.,2.5mm/0.1 inch

Select additional boundary or point in area to be hatched or [Selectobjects]: Click a point inside the contour (outside the cutouts)

The lever is hatched It looks like this:

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Dimensioning the Lever | 27

Dimensioning the Lever

Now, dimension the lever, using the Power Dimensioning

command

1 Start the Power Snap Setting 1 command

2 Start the Power Dimensioning command

Menu Annotate > Power Dimensioning

(SINGLE) First extension line origin or

[Angular/Options/Baseline/Chain/ Update] <Select>: Select the firstcorner point of the lever opening, P1

Second extension line origin: Select the second corner point, P2

Place dimension line [Options/Pickobj] <Options>: Drag the

dimension line to the left until it is highlighted, and click at P3

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4 In the Power Dimensioning dialog box, specify:Upper deviation: +0.1

5 Choose OK

6 Press ESC to cancel the command

The lever looks like this:

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Creating a Detail and Additional Dimensions | 29

Creating a Detail and Additional Dimensions

Now, define a detail of the upper part of the lever

1 Start the Detail command

Menu Design > Detail

Center of circle or [Rectangle/Object]: Click a point in the center ofthe area to be detailed

Specify radius or [Diameter]: Drag the radius to the appropriate size

3 Choose OK

Move the title (<Return> for current position): Press ENTER to selectthe default position

Place the detail view: Select a location to the right of the lever

Select next point of connection line\<Return> for none: Press ENTER

for no connection line

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NOTE Some entities such as dimensions and symbols are

automatically filtered out in the detail function

Now, add a dimension to the detail

5 Start the Power Dimensioning command

Menu Annotate > Power Dimensioning

(SINGLE) First extension line origin or

[Angular/Options/Baseline/Chain/ Update] <Select>: Press ENTER

[Picking arc/circle yields radius/diameter dimension or pick dimension

to edit]: Select the radius, as indicated by the arrow in the followingdrawing

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Creating a Detail and Additional Dimensions | 31

7 In the Power Dimensioning dialog box, under Radius Dimensions,select the fourth icon from the left Choose OK

8 Select an appropriate position for the dimension

9 Deactivate the tolerances or fits in the Power Dimension dialogbox, if necessary, and choose OK

10 Press ESC

Now, the lever looks like this:

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NOTE The Power Dimensioning command recognizes the differentscale area If you dimensioned the radius in the original drawing, thedimension value would be the same The text height is also the same,

as related to the standard

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