Phân Tích SGK TA 12 hệ 3 năm

LESSON ONE Job and employment - Gerund - Present and past participle used as adjectives.. Present and past participles used as adjectives: Present participle V-ing: S thường là vật + Be

LESSON ONE

Job and employment - Gerund

- Present and past participle used as adjectives

Talking about likes and dislikes

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 Gerund (V-ing)

S + start + V- ing

dislike

hate

can’t stand

avoid

give up

finish

don’t mind / doesn’t mind

S + Be + busy with + V-ing

interested in She’s busy with her housework.

bored with She’s fed up with doing the same thing

fed up with She’s bored with washing the dishes.

2 Present and past participles used as adjectives:

Present participle (V-ing): S (thường là vật) + Be + V-ing

S + V + (a/an) + V-ing + Danh từ chỉ sự vật

Thường nói đến sự vật/sự việc và chỉ tác động của sự vật/sự việc lên cảm xúc/trạng thái con người

Ex: The book is interesting.

It’s an interesting book

Past participle (V-ed): S (thường là người) + Be + Ved

Cảm xúc/trạng thái của con người

Verb Present participle Past participle

(to) interest interesting (to) interested (in)

(to) surprise surprising surprised (at)

(to) frighten frightening frightened (of)

Ex: The clown is amusing.

Everyone is amused by the clown.

Chú ý: Phân biệt: He’s boring.

He’s bored.

II Communicative functions: Talking about likes and dislikes

A: What do you like doing every day?

B: I like watching TV.

OR: Watching TV is my favourite pastime.

A: Do you mind living on your own?

B: No, I don’t mind at all

OR I’m afraid of living on my own

III Vocabulary:

Word related to jobs:

In Britain, a lot of people are out of work today.

I’m unemployed So I get my unemployment benefit every week.

I’m fed up with queuing for getting the unemployment benefit every Thursday.

My mum gives me a couple of pounds for tights now and then.

I want to apply for a job / I want to apply TO that company.

I’ve almost given up looking for a job.

I’m tired of looking through the ‘Situation Vacant’ column.

There are 50 applicants for every job.

I’m afraid of living on my own in a big city.

Other words/phrases:

would rather + V0 I’d rather study than (do) anything else.

be able to + V0 I haven’t been able to find a job yet.

(to) look after (the children) She’s tired of looking after her children.

LESSON TWO

Leisure time - Gerund

- Compound noun

- Wh-question

Talking about likes and dislikes

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 Gerund (V-ing) (cont)

S + Be + fond of + V-ing I’m fond of fishing.

2 Compound nouns: (a/an) + Noun + for + V-ing → (a/an) + V-ing + Noun

A lamp for reading → a reading lamp

A rod for fishing → a fishing rod

A machine for washing → a washing machine

A pool for swimming → a swimming pool

A pair of boots for hiking → a pair of hiking boots

A pair of shoes for dancing → a pair of dancing shoes

Some paper for wrapping → wrapping paper

Some paper for writing → writing paper

Some apples for cooing → cooking apples

3 Wh-question

Wh-words: what, who, whom, which, when, where, why, how,

Wh-word + be + S / C ? What is her hobby?

Wh-word + Vaux. + S + Vmain ? What does she like?

Wh-word + Vmain (+ O) ? What did his friends say?

II Communicative functions: Talk about likes and dislikes

A: How do you like spending your free time?

B: I like reading books in my free time.

A: Are you fond of lying in the sun reading a book?

B: Not really I don’t like reading I’d rather swim.

III Vocabulary

My hobby is sky-diving.

Fishing is my favourite pastime.

She’s afraid of being taken away by the strong winds.

He spends hours on the river without catching anything She spends thirty minutes doing the homework.

Members of the groups

1 Lê Thị Thuỳ Linh – THPT Đại Ngãi

2 Huỳnh Thị Mỹ Châu – THPT Đại Ngãi

3 Nguyễn Phan Hoài Dung – THPT Lê Văn Tám

4 Trần Thị Bích Thuỷ - THPT Mai Thanh Thế

5 Trịnh Thị Nhàn – THPT Mai Thanh Thế

6 Nguyễn Thị Thu- Trường THPT Mỹ Xuyên

7 Nguyễn Thị Ly- Trường THPT An Ninh

LESSON THREE

Famous places - Comparison

- Relative pronoun ‘Which’

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 Comparison: Comparative Degree

a Short- adj/ adv

adj/ adv + -er + than

Ex : taller, larger, cooler, hotter, harder

- The North is cooler than the South.

* Notes: + good / well better ; bad / badly worse;

+ adjectives end in “ -y”, “-er ”, “- ow ” + ER

Ex: happy happier; lazy lazier, clever cleverer

- Lan studies better than Mai She works harder.

- Nam is lazier than Ba.

b Long- adj/ adv

more + adj /adv + than

Ex: more beautiful, more industrial, more carefully,

- The North is more industrial than the South.

- My father drives more carefully than my brother.

2 Relative pronoun WHICH:

Ex:

• One thing about London / which every visitor admires / is the large number

of parks.

• The parks are lungs of London / which are like green islands of peace.

• Hyde Park has the Serpentine, which is a good place for swimming.

• St James’s Park boasts a truly elegant lake / on which live a great variety of

wild ducks

Chú ý học các từ in nghiêng trong câu.

3 Compound nouns: (a/an) + Noun + Noun

A boy learning at school → a schoolboy

A pot to contain ink → an inkpot

A cup to contain tea → a teacup

II Vocabulary

The North can be characterized as hillier and more working-class.

The South is more suburban, flatter and healthier.

People in the North speak more directly and honestly than people in the South People in the South treat women more equally than people in the North.

The old buildings shake to the roar of buses.

The streets are crowded with a population which has no interest in learning.

Members of the groups

1 Trần Lệ Quyền Trường THPT Lê Lợi

2 Lê Thị Bảo Khuyên Trường THPT Phan Văn Hùng

3 Hà Ngọc Uyển Trường THPT Phan Văn Hùng

4 Nguyễn Văn Tín Trường THPT Thạnh Tân

LESSON FOUR

Languages - Relative pronoun: WHICH

- Cleft sentences:

It’s + ……… + that…

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 Relative Pronoun: WHICH

Ex: They spoke a Germanic language which forms the basis of modern English.

I am going to watch “the English language” programme which will be on at 8 Next to Celtic languages was Latin, which was the language of government

from 43BC to about AD410

2 It’s + ……… + that……

Ex:

The pronunciation causes me a lot of difficulties

→ It is the pronunciation that causes me a lot of difficulties.

The English articles and phrasal verbs puzzle me most

→ It is the English articles and phrasal verbs that puzzle me most.

II Vocabulary

- Học từ về đất nước và ngôn ngữ: England – English (Exercise 4, page 31)

- Approximately 350 million people speak English as their first language.

- About the same number use it as a second language.

- It is the English language that is used as an official language in 44 countries.

LESSON SIX

Famous people - Simple past

- Relative pronoun: WHO

- Relative adverb: WHERE

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 Simple past:

S + V2/ed

S + didn’t + V0 Did + S + V0 …?

Ex: I met my friend yesterday.

She was at home 2 hours ago.

They didn’t go to Can Tho city last week.

Mark Twain was born in 1835

Elvis Presley was born on January 8 , 1935th

2 Relative Pronoun: WHO

Ex: This is the man who teaches me.

These are the people who teach me

This is John, who teaches me.

He met many of his old friends who often encouraged him in his career The man who guided Elvis’s career was Tom Parker.

3 Relative Adverb: WHERE

Ex: This is the house Shakespeare was born there

→ This is the house where Shakespeare was born.

This is the library He used to spend his evenings there.

→ This is the library where he used to spend his evenings.

II Vocabulary

He went to work as a driver.

He returned to America in 1919.

He began his writing career in 1922 and settled in Paris in the same year.

Elvis Presley grew up in poor home but his parents were kind and loving.

Another book, “Life on the Mississippi”, told of his adventures on the river boats of

that period

He was working as a newspaper man at that time

She had great influence on his books.

He had fallen in love with her.

He gave talks on a variety of subjects

Twain’s books provide his readers with an excellent picture of his era.

LESSON SEVEN

Future - Simple future

- It’s likely that + S + will + V

Tips for learners

I Grammar

Simple future:

S + Will + V0

S + won’t + V0 Will + S + V0?

Ex: Will our life be better in the future than it is now?

People will live longer.

It is likely that we will still have to put up with noise, overcrowding

and bad air

Other time expressions: tomorrow, next week/year ; in 2012, in the year 2012, in two

years/three days, in two years/three days from now

II Vocabulary

Robots will take over most jobs in the manufacturing industries.

Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week.

Men and women will retire at the same age.

What will man be like in the future?

We can only make a guess.

Man will be different from what he is today.

In the modern world, we use our brain a great deal.

On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs.

In the future, both sexes are likely to be bald

LESSON EIGHT

Scientists - Relative pronoun: WHOSE

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 Relative Pronoun: WHOSE

Ex: Michael Faraday, whose name is famous in the history of electricity, was an

English scientist

He had a father whose hard work could hardly feed the family

He met Professor Humphry Davy whose lectures helped him in his later

discoveries

2 Đổi từ WHO + V sang WHOSE + NOUN + OF … (Exercise 2, page 59)

Ex:

Marie Curie, who discovered radium, was a famous French physicist

→ Marie Curie, whose discovery of radium made her famous, was a French

physicist

II Vocabulary

Theory of gravitation is well-known throughout the world.

His mother, uncle and grandmother took care of him.

Newton was more of a mechanic than a scholar

He made a clock which worked by water.

He became interested in mathematics and physics.

His first physical experiment was carried out in 1658.

He studied mathematics and soon became famous at the age of 21.

He was appointed professor.

Chú ý Exercise 4 (page 61)

LESSON NINE

Space and energy - If clause: 1st conditional

- Unless = If not

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 1 st Conditional Sentences : If + S + V present , S + will + V0

can may Ex: If you let an object off your hand, it will certainly fall.

2 Unless = If not

Ex: Life on earth will be destroyed if nuclear tests do not stop.

→ Life on earth will be destroyed unless nuclear tests stop.

Unless we can find new sources of energy, our life will certainly be destroyed

→ If we cannot find new sources of energy, our life will certainly be destroyed Chú ý Exercises 3 and 4 (page 67)

II Vocabulary

Gravity is the force of the earth to attract everything towards its center.

Our present sources of energy will soon end.

Many people believe that solar energy will be our main source of energy in the

future

If this is true, then our fear will be over.

All our forests will be destroyed if we do nothing to preserve them.

If you can visit Mercury, you will find it a strange world.

Mercury is the coldest as well as the hottest of the planets.

A yearly journal the lighted side of the planet

A daily paper the fixed end of the rope

A monthly meeting

A weekly journey

Chú ý Exercise 5 (page 68)

LESSON ELEVEN

Health - If clause: 2nd conditional

- Present perfect

- Present perfect continuous

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 2 nd Conditional Sentences : If + S + V past , S + would + V0

could might Chú ý: với To Be: dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi

Ex: If she were 5 years younger, she would play tennis.

If we could find out the remedy, we would save thousands of people’s lives Ex: She is too old, she can’t go bushwalking.

→ If she were younger, she would go bushwalking.

Chú ý: Exercises 2 (page 83)

S + Haven’t / Hasn’t + V3

Ex: One of the worst diseases that mankind has ever had is cancer.

Up to now, scientists and doctors haven’t been very successful.

Time expressions: ever, never, yet, already, just, before, so far, up to now, recently,

lately, since, for…

3 Present Perfect Continuous: S + Have/Has + Been + V-ing

S + Haven’t / Hasn’t + Been + V-ing Have / Has + S + Been + V-ing?

Ex: Scientists and doctors have been working very hard in order to find out a remedy to

cure cancer

II Vocabulary

She usually smokes 20 cigarettes a day.

She never goes out into fresh air except to do some shopping.

She is overweight.

Heart disease causes death in many developing countries

Overeating and physical inactivity add to the causes of several of these killing diseases

Some people cannot get rid of habits harmful to their health.

Some people are able to make good advances in the prevention of diseases.

Harm → harmful

Succeed (in) → successful (in)

Help → helpful

Meaning → meaningful

Thank → thankful (Chú ý Exericse 7 – page 86)

LESSON TWELVE

Farmers’ life - If clause: 3rd conditional

- Compound nouns:

(a/an) Noun – Ving + Noun

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 3 rd Conditional Sentences : If + S + Had + V3 , S + Would + Have + V3

Could Might

Ex: There would have been a good crop here if a storm had not swept through.

The farm would have bought more machines if the crop had not been a

failure

Chú ý: Exercises 4 and 5 (page 92)

2 Compound nouns: (a/an) Noun – Ving + Noun

Ex: This farm grows wheat

→ This is a wheat-growing farm.

Chú ý: Exercise 6 (page 92)

II Vocabulary

My wife and I decided to go for a drive.

Suddenly black clouds covered the sun.

It rained so heavily that after only half an hour, everywhere was covered with

water

The road was flooded.

The car broke down.

LESSON THIRTEEN

Environment - If clause: 2nd conditional

Tips for learners

I Grammar

1 2 nd Conditional Sentences : If + S + V past , S + would + V0

could might Chú ý: với To Be: dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi

Ex: If bacteria stopped working, all kinds of life on this planet would seem to

come to an end

What would our world be like if all the wild animals and wild plants vanished? Would our life still exist then?

Chú ý: Exercise 3 (page 98)

II Vocabulary

Those tiny organisms are called bacteria.

They are at work now.

They are very helpful to our life.

Wild animals are seriously threatened.

One species has become extinct.

Many hundreds are in danger.

Animals like the whales are thought to be in danger of extinction.

Marshes are being drained.

The tropical forests are being cut down.

LESSON FOURTEEN

- Modal perfect

Tips for learners

I Grammar

Modal perfect: Might + Have + V3

Must + Have + V3

Ex: If you had been alive 200 years ago, and perhaps had stolen only a

few loaves of bread, you might have gone to prison.

If you had killed someone, something far worse must have happened

to you

Chú ý: Exercise 1 (page 104) and Exercises 3 and 4 on pages 106-108

II Vocabulary: The Great Pyramid

The more important the person, the greater the tomb

The Pharaohs’ toms were the largest.

Many of their tombs remain Some of them become one of the wonders of the world.

How the ancient Egyptians moved and lifted those huge blocks of stone remains a mystery.

Some believe that they must have used ramps.

Others think that they might have used hundreds of weight arms

Lưu ý một số điểm ngữ pháp

If – Clause: Or hoặc Unless (page 78)

Ex: Work hard OR you’ll fail the exams.

You won’t pass the exams UNLESS you work hard.

Used to / Be used to

Adverb clauses/phrases

Because, because of

So that, in order to…

Cleft sentences: It’s … that ….

Passive voice