Đồ án máy ép thủy lực 12

... tiSt luu 11 Van tran 6.Van dao chi~u (van phan phoi) 12 B~ d~u "Nguyen If; hoat dong : Dong co chuyen dong quay bam d~u 2, lily nr b~ d~u 12 qua van tran va van tiSt hru dSn h~ thong van phan... nguyen ly: llilL 7111T 11 Moto Puly Dai truyen 4.Volling Cam Con Hill 12 7,8 C~n I~c 9.Thanh truyen 10 D~u tnrot 11 Mang tnrot 12. B~tnep 13.Lo xo * Nguyen Iy lam viec Dong co lam chuyen dQng cho... ®ui ea bi ph]n dl>eh ehuyn f= (0,05 f= (0,1 -7- -7- 0,08) (y V > 0,2 ( m/s) 0 ,12) (y V < 0,2 ( m/s) f, = (0,1 a = (0 ,12 -7- -7- 0,3) 0,15) Chon a = 0,15 f= 0,1 SVTH: PHAUM DUY NGHEA Trang 34 D6

Trang 1

SVTH: PHAUMDUY NGHEA

PH~M DUY NGHiA

Da Nfmg ngay 30 tha g 5 ndm 2002

Sinh vien thl;l'Chifn

Saumot thai gian dai ng6i tren g 6nha truong, nham thu th~p ki6n thucv~mat ly thuyet.Nay em duoc phan co g thiet k6 may ep thuy hrc chuyen dungnham irn dung cho nganh co g n hiep dia phuong

Truce h6t, nhin vao thuc t6 mroc ta hien nay thi nganh co khi noi riencling nhu nganh ccng n hiep noi chung chua duoc phat trien manh me D6i voimot mroc phat trien thi doi h i n~n cong nghiep phai phat trien rnanh Khi do sekeo theo su phat trien toan dien Nhung nuoc ta chu y6u la phat trien no g

n hiep nen n~ncon nghiep con lac hau

Ngay nay, mroc ta buoc vao con CU9C d6i moi, thai ky cong nghiep hoa

va hien dai hoa, do do viec thieu th n v~co sav~t chat clin nhu v~ k thuat latftt ySu

Do vay, thiet kS va san x at cac may moe c c thiet biphuc vu san xuftt laviec hStsire dn thiet,

Do em duoc phan cong thiet k6 may ep chuyen dung d~ img dung chnganh cong nghiep dia phuong , nen em tien hanh buoc d~u con nhieu be ngo.Viec thiet kSmay ep co nhi~u each truyen do g, co th~Ia co khi thuy lire nenviec chon phuo g an la rfttphirc tap

Day la d~ tai moi me va l~nd~u tie lam quen voi vie thiSt kS, nento gqua trinh tinh toan thiSt k con nhi~u sai sot Em mo g quy thay co giup do, d~

em duoc hoan thien hon, Em xin chan thanh cam o su nhiet tinh cua th~y BuiTruong Vy dll giup em hoan thanh d~ tai nay.,'

,

D6 An T6t N ghiep

Ap siren chiu tai trong rftt phirc tap, luon thay d i.

Chiu sir tic d n cua moi tnrcn ben to g l~n ben ngoai nhtr :nhiet dQ

lam viec cua dong co , chiu su tic d n cua thai t€t,tep x c voi hoa chat 1.3 Qui trinh cong ngh~ san xuAt ap suen

Tiry euceluky t hu at c u asan phAmta d ir a ra d uo c quy trinh con g n he nhu

1.1 Yeu cAuk thuat cua san pham

Ap su n cohinh dan rfttphirc tap

Tren than codQtnhieu 16 co kich thuoc k ac nhau

Co nhiSu kich thuoc va yeu celurfttchinh xac vSd ng sai kich thuoc va

chinh xa vSbien d a n dSdam b aocho viec l ~ pg ep sau nay

Bin ve chi t€tsan pham

CHUONGIoror THq:U QUY TRINH SAN XUAT A pSUON XE DREAM VA c A c

THONG so KY THU~ T CHINH CVASAN PHAM

D6 An T6t N ghiep

Trang 3

SVTH: PHAUM DUY NGHEA

Tro g do:

Pvc : luc d~pchiti€t co vanh

Po : Iuc d~p chi tiSt chua tinh dSn luc chan phoi va duoc tinh theecon thirc:

Pv= rt dTb.S os k (1-2) (Ky thuat d p n u i )

dtb : d ong kinh trung binh cua chi ti€t d~p

S :chieu dai cua chiti t

O"b :Sireb e n ella v~t lieu

k :H~8 d~p vuot chi tiSt co vanh

Q :Luc chan phci(hrc kep )d oc tinh thee co g thirc :

Q =F q (1-3) (ky thuat d~pnguoi)

F : La dien tich phoi chan

q : ap suit chan

Ta codien tch chi tiet : FC ti~t =455.000mm2

FPh i =560.000mm2

~ F=FPh i -FChi Ti6t =105.000mm2

*Tinh luc dap c~nthi€t :

Day la n uyen cong dap vuot k o g lam mong thanh va co vanh nenhrc d~p duoc tinh thee cong thirc :

P v =P v+Q [ N ] (1.1) (Ky thuat d~p nguoi)

800Hinh 1.2 Hinh dang cua phoi

700

1.4Xacdjnhhinh dang va kich h,rc d~p dn thi~t

Thanh phamKiSm tra

D(>t1

Gi pmf

D6 An T6t N ghiep

a :lith~ s6 thay d6i chieu day v~tlieu :chon a = 1.

Tra s6 tay d~p ng oi thep 0,8kn ta c6 cac tho g s6 sau :

Q= F q=105.000 x ,5 = 2 2500 N = 2 ,2 Tftn

Vay luc dap d nthiet lit :

Pvc =Pv+Q= 227,2 +26,25 =253,45 Tftn

D6 An T6t N ghiep

-Gia co g kim l oa ibang ap luc la phu o gphap c oban de ch6 tao cac chi

t6tmay v a sanph a m l akim lo a ithay th6phu o g ph a p due vacit gotkim lo a i

- Gia cong bang ap luc thuc hien bang each dung ngoai hrc tac dung lenkim loai, a tang thai nong hoac nguoi lam cho kim loai dat d n qua gioi han danhoi, k6t qua se lam thay d6i hinh dan cua v~t the kim loai rna khong pha huytinh lien tucva d<)ben cua chung,

-D~c diem cua phiro g phap gia cong bang ap hrc la: kim loai gia co g a

thS ran, sau khi gia con x n kho g nlnmg thay d i vS hinh dan kich thuocrna con thay d i ca vS co, ly, hoa tinh cua kim loai nhir kim loai min ho , hat

don g de u , thay d6i t6 c hir c h a t cu a h a t th a nht6 ch ir c tho , khu du o c c ackhuyet

to g mang tinh th~ tac dong qua lai voi nhau bin hrc hut va hrc dfty Binh

thuong n u khoang each giira cac nguyen tir bin ban kinh cua n uyen tir r, thicac nguyen tir hilt voi nhau Con k i co ngoai hrc tac dung thi mang tin th~bi

xe dich lam cho khoang each giua cac nguyen tir khac rothi luc nay xu~t hiencac hrc nron h6 gifra cac nguyen ro 've vitrican bin

b B i~n dang deo :

T6 clnrc t€ vi :BiSn dan deo lam thay d6i r5 r~t t6 chirc tS vi hay co tinh.Sau khi biSn dan deo hinh dan hat thay d6i r~t nhieu ,hat co thS dai va

bet ra kho nhan biet duoc bien gioi hat tren t6 chirc tS vi, hoac khi de>bien dang

c= E G (cho keo ,nen ) (2-1)

t= G.y (cho xe dich ) (2)Trong do :

+U ng su~tt~ vi hi loai irn su~t t6n taitrong kim loai sau khi b6 tai tron

bien dang, duoc din bang to g pham vi n 6 cua hat hay trong tung hat, Nguyen

nhan la do bien dan deo xay ra d n n it giua c c hat, do hinh thanh cac mat

tnrot, tao nen xo le h rnan D9 bien dang cung Ian irn su~t du cang tan Un

suatdu g~nli nv i xolech man co tac dun lam c n tro chuyen dong cua le h

lam tang ung su~t tho dai Ung suat tho dai la loai irng suit t6n tai to g cath~

tich kim loai hay giua c c phan sinh ra do bien dang khong d n dSu tren toanthiet dien Ung suit tho dai khong co loi ma la mot trong nhfmg nguyen nhan

gay pha huy

Bi~n dan deo lam ch thay d6i co tinh cua kim loai lam tan gioi han

ben, gioi han chay, gioi han dan hoi

Bi~n dang deo lambi~n d i ly, h a tin cua kim loai vibien dan deo tan

xe dich mang, nh6 hat nen giam tnh d§n di~n (tang tmo g tro), ll,l'c khang hr

tan len, d thiu tU , c m ung tU gim di Cac 1)'-Hnhnhu n i~t dung, h~ s6gian

Ian c c hat kim loai co th~bi chia c~tva tro nen nho ho pha thir2 hoac tap chit

bi nh6 vun r6i keo ra dai thea phuong bien dang (can, keo.nen, ep ) tao nen t6

clnrc dan tho, lam cho kim loai bipha huy d n thea phuo g thirc ngang tho

Tro g qua trinh tnrot co kern thea sir quay mat tnrot va phuo g tnrot voi

xu huang tien gftnvStrue bien dang chinh Mire d9 bien dan can Io , mire d9

q ay can nhieu va co th~ lam cho ca hat dSu co phiron mang gio g nhauduoc goi la hien nron dinh huang phuong man hay textua (Hinh 1.3)

D 6 An T6 t N ghiep

*Pha h uy trong aiJ u kien tai trong thay a6 i t hea e h kY : Pha huy mo i

Co ch~pha huy cling xay rabang each tao thanh va phat trien cac v~tnut

S1,1' pha huy rnoi p u thuoc van y~u t6 : irng su§.ttac dung s6 chu ky tacdung cua tai trong, y~u t6 t~ptrung irng su§.t

*Ph a hu y o 'n i e t a9 cao :

D Oo 00000

III Cacdang'ntt khipha huy d eb

Pha huyldon h~u nhu khong cobi~n dan den VI mo keo theo.xay ra nrcthai nen kha ng y hiem BS n oai mat dtrt khi pha huy thuong vuong goc

voi irng su§.t phap Ian nh§.t nhu mat vi rno thi co th@la thea mat phan tinh

the xac dinh (voi mat d n ,6ben trong rnoi hat )

*Ph a h uy tro n g a i J u k i e n tid tro n g tin h :

PM huy co th~kern thea bien dan den voi mire dQ tuong d6i goi la p a

huy deo Pha huy den xay ra v i t6c dQ nhova d.n nhieu luc nen it nguy hiem Dieu kien d@cho pha huy den xay ra la bien dang den va trong thai irng

suat keo 3 chieu trong vung co co th~t cue bQ

D6 An T6t N g h ie p

Tra ng 9

SVTH: PHAUM DUY NGHEA

Khi kim loai chiu irng sulit khoi thi dieu kien bien dang deo la :

*A n h hua g c ua ung s u t du :

Su' t6n tai cua ling sulit du ben to g v~t th se lam tinh deo cua kim

loai giam di va giam dQben, dQdai Neu ling sulit du 16 c6 th~ lam v~tb iendang hoac pha huy

N~u at =0' 2 =0' 3thi T=0 nghia lakhong gay bien dang

Khi kim loai chiu trang thai ling sulitduong thi trang thai bien dan dec

f -{ /

6

2.1.3 Cac nhan tA anh huong d~n bi~n dang deo ella kim loal :

ngoai luc tac d n

D6 An T6t N ghiep

Tr a ng 1

D6i voi nguyen t6 co ban :Tao nen t6 chirc co sa d6 quyet dinh tinh du

va biSn dan deo cua kim loai va h pkim Ng yen t6h pkim tao voi kim loai

co sa nhfrng lien ket kim loai c6 t6 chirc plnrc tap lam cho kim loai nit cirng va

don, d6ng thai n6 lam xo lech man , lam can tro qua trinh tnrot d~n den kim

loai c6 tinh deo thap

Ngu en t~ctap chi :Tap chit trong kim loai clin lam anh huan Io

dSn tinh deo cua n6

*A nh hu a g e lla nhi e t d{J:

Khi kim loai anhiet d9 cao thi cac phan illbi dao nhiet lam suy giam

luc lien kStgiira c c phan tir do d6 lam tang tinh deo cua kim loai d6ng thai dao

dong nhiet c6 khanang dua c c phan ill ill trang thai mit can bang v€ trang thai

canban , do d6 lam giam su xo lech k ir bien cimg va lamtan tinh tinh deo

*A nh hu a g e ll a t 6 e d {J bi ~ n dan g

Tan t6c d9bien dang thi lam giam tinh du cua kim loai neu t6c d9 cua

q a trinh bien cung khi bien dang Io han t6c d9 cua q a trinh khu bien cung

N goai ra t6c d9 cua biSn dang tang con lam sinh nhi€u nhiet, hieu img

nhiet lam cho kim loai dat toi nhiet d9 rna tai d6 tinh deo thap.con lam tang cimgIon han t6c d9 bien cimg Do hieu irngnhiet rna nhiet d9 ella kim loai tang d§.n

len lam cho kim loai chuyen nr vung d n sang vung deo,

*Anh hu a g e lla rna s at n oai :

Ma sat ngoai lam thay d6i hinh thirc hrc do d6 lam thay d6i tran thai

irn sui chinh cua vat thS.Ngoai ra ma sat ngoai con c n tro bien dang nr do

cua v~t the, lam cho v~t thS bien dang khong d6ng d€ tan luc va co g biendang, Can tro Sl,Idi chuyen cua kim loai trong khu n ren va dap thS tch do d6

rt c6kha nang lam giam vie di€n d§.ykhuon

2.2 Khai quat cac dang co'ban cua gia congkim loai bing ap h.re

2.31 G i n kim loai, .

a / D o c di e m

Can la phuong phap gia cong ap Iuc trong d6 kim loai duoc bien dang qua

khe ho giira hai true can quay nguoc chien nhau Hinh dang kich thuoc khe ho

giira hai true can quyet dinh hinh dang kich thuoc tiet dien ngang cua san phfuTI

Qua trinh chuySn d9ng cua kim lo~iqua khe ha gifra cac tfl;lc can la n a ll,Icma

Keo soi la phuong phap gia cong ap luc, tro g kim loai q a 1 hinh cua

khuon keo Hinh dan , kich thuoc tiet kiem cua san pham phu thuoc VaGhinh

dan , kich thuoc cua 1 khuo Khi keo tiep dien cua phoi giam do biSn dang,

khi qua khuon keo, chi~u dai phoi tan M6i Iftnkeo, hro g tiep dien bi giam

duoc d~ctnrng ban h~ s6 K

K =do /d,

Tuy thea v~t lieu cua phoi va khuon keo, m6i Iftn trung binh giam 15den

3 % tiet dien ngang San pharn keo co co tinh thea chieu doc tang len, dQb n

+San pham can chia lam 4 nhom (oai d.m, loai hinh.loai 6 g va d~c biet)

*Loai tfim :gorn cac tarn mo g co chien day nr 0,2 den 3,75(mm) loai tam

day co chi~uday nr 4 -;-6 loai aico chien day nr 0,2 -;-2 (mm)

* Loai hinh : Bao gem cac loai co tiep kiem dan gian : vuong tron, chtr

nhat luc gia ,ban nguyet

*Loai 6 g :Bao gom 6 g co m6i han va 6n khong com6i han

* Loai d~c biet : Loai nay duoc du g trong c c nganh d~c biet nhu chS tao

Trang 12

S VT H : PHAUM DUY NGHE A

- Ch phep ren d oc nhtmg chi t~tI o

-DQ chinh xac va nang suat thap

- Chi gia cong duoc nhfrng chiti~tdan gian

Cac phuong phap keo :Tren co so hinh dan 1 khuon, n u i ta co th~keo

D(ic d iJ m:

Trang 13

?

- Chat luong san pham phu thuoc tay nghe cong nhan

-Hao phi kim loai

Do v~y nr do chi duoc dung tro g sua chtra, san xuat don chiec hay hangloat nho

Nhfrng n uyen ccng co ban cua ren tudo

+Ch n :Litn uyen co g lam giam chieu cao, tang ti~t dien ngan cuaphoi, Ch n lan uyen cong tao phoi duoc su dung tro g cac truo g h p :

Tao phoi co ti~tdien 1 nn rphoi ban diu co ti~tdien be

La nguyen cong chuftn h i c i tao t6 clnrc phu hop kha nang chiucua lirechi ti~t

DS dam bao ch q a trinh ch n t6t dn phai thoa man dieu kien :

h /do::;2 trong d h &d la dirong kinh phoi d ch n

+Vu6t :La nguyen cong lam giam ti~t dien ngang, tang chieu dai cuaphoi ill nhfrng phoi lieu ban diu co ti~tdien 16n chieu dai be Nguyen cong naydung dSren cacphoi dan true hoa 6 g

+£)(>t1 :Laphuo g phap tao 16tren mat ren, 1 co thS th ng qua h akho g th ng L6 duoc tao thanh co thSd bj d(>tbo mot phan kim loai hoac biendang kim loai dS tao than 1 D6i voi nhfmg 16 co duo g kinh 16 ,n u i tadung d(>tmiiid(>tr6ng d~ giarn hrc

+U6n con :La nguyen con lam d6i huo g cua true ella v~t renoKhiuon t~tdien phoi tai ch6 thay d6i v€ hinh dan , kich thuoc Khi u6n cac tho kimloai chia lam hai 1 p:

-L6p chiu keo lam be mat dSnut

-L6p chiu nen lam be mat dSbi nhan

L6p trung gian gifrahai lap kh ng gian k o gbi keo, cling kh n bi nen goi

la lop trung hoa

+ Han ren :La phuong phap d~ n i cac phan illkim loai voi nhau binphiron phap gia cong ap luc Thl,TCch:lt cua phuorig phap nay la nung hai phan

dn n6id6n nhiet d(>dn chay r6i dung ngoai hrc tac d ng d6tac dung d6 cluingdinh lai voi nhau tao nen m6i n6i 6 nhiet d(> do kim loai duoi tac dung cuangoai luc sekhuyech tan vao nhau tao thanh m6i

2.3.5D~pth~tic h

D!ic tli i m:

Dap thS tich la p u n phap gia cong ap ll,Tcap ll,Tctro g d kim lo~i duqcbi6n d~ng tro g kh ng gian h~n ch cua k u n K6t d eua khuon nhu hlnhdu6i:

D6 An T6t N ghie p

Trang 14

SVTH : PHAUM DU Y NG HE A

1: Khuon ten 3: Ranh bavia

Trong khi d~p mra khuon tren va mra khuon duoi duoc b~t chat voi de tren

va de duoi cua thiet bi.Phan kim loai thira chay vao ran tao bia cua v~t reno So

voi ren tud , ren khuo co d~cdiem:

- D9 chinh xac va chat luo g vat ren cao

-Co kha nang chS tao duoc nhirng chitStphirc tao

- Nang suftt cao

-Lon khuo kin: lalo g khuo cho bavia tren san pharn

D6i voi v~t ren dan gian hoac khong yeu du chin xac.ta dung tren khuo

ho, d6i voi chi tiStphirc tap, d i hoi chinh xac ta thuong dung khuo cobia hoac

Trang 15

P m :lire danh ng ia cua may ,N

P :lire dn thiet cho nguyen cong

+Kieu may: hinh thanh va t6c d<)cua may phai phu hop voi yeu du congnghe cua nguyen cong thuc hien

ChiSu cao kin cua may la ySu t6 rftt quan tro g khi thiSt kSva gia khuon d~p

ChiSu cao kin cua may ep la khoang each illtftm lotduoi cua khuon d~p dSndiu

Cac nguyen cong cua d~ptitm

+ C~t phoi: C~t phoi la nguyen nhan ehia phoi lam nhieu phan bang nhau

thea nhfrng duong dt h hoa kin C~t co th~ tien hanh tren may dt co lucri c~t

song son n hien hay lucric~trna

f)~ c~t nhtrng duong c~t khep kin, ta d n dap c~t va d<)t1 6, vS ban chat

n uyen cong dap dt va d<)t1 la gio g nhau, chi k ac nhau vSco g dung.+Tao hinh :Tir nhirng phoi dil tao ra6'n uyen cong truce, ta tiSn han chStao cac chi tSt dang c6i th n hoac kh ng th n Tuy thea yeu d d cu th~

rna ta co cac phuon phap khac nhau

D6 An T6t N ghie p

Trang 16

SVTH: PHAUM DUY NGHEA

3.3Cac phuong an oQng hoc

3 3 lPhuong an l: Sir dung co d utrue khuyu thanh truyen

D6 An T6t N ghiep

Trang 1

+B~ , cha chan, tao duoc ap luc rien I o , nang sueit cao

D 6 An T6t N ghiep

*S a n u y n I y

Ma may mota 1va banh dai quay, qua dai tn~ , g voi Iy hop

4, quay tudo tren true lech tam 6 khi ban dap then chan 1 d· ivi tri, 1 xkeo thea true ban nguyet quay di 1g6c lam cho vo lang g~n v i true lech

tam 5.Tn;Lclech tam se quay thea vo lang va truyen qua thanh truy~n 7 dua dftutnrot chuyen dong lenx ong Vay khi nhan ban dap nr ckhi may lam vie thanhtruyen 7 tha tue 5 quay the vo lan Sau d6 phanh ham dung yen thea dung vitrl rnakho g chuyen don thea quan tinh d€ di~u chinh diroc hanh trinh cua may

ngu i ta l~p them bac lech tam 6 vao true 5 ban ranh then khi l~p khuon ng oi

ta dieu chinh chien cao kin cua may bang each tang giam chien dai thanh truyen

hoac di~u chinh chien caoban may n6u ban may di~uchinh duoc

+T6c d(>khong d~u, gay ra hrc quan tinhlon, do d6 gay ra rung dong

nen kh6 dat duoc d(>chinh xac

+Nang su§.thap

D6 An T6t N ghiep

Trang 1

S VTH : PHA UM D U Y N H EA

+Co kha nang tao ra hrc lam viec Io , c6 dinh 0b t ky vi tri nao cua

hanh trinh lam viec

+Kho xay ra qua tai,

+L e tac dung lam bien dang v~t ieu rilt em vanr ill

+T6c d<) chuyen dong cua dfru tnrot c6 dinh va co th~ di~u chinh

duoc.co th~ thay d6i duoc chien daihanh trinh

+Khu n chStao phirc tap, d t ti~

"Ngu ye n If; hoat dong :

Dong co chuyen do g quay bam d u 2, lily nr b~ d u 1 qua van tran va

van tiSt hru dSn h~ thong van phan phoi 6 thea duong din d~u I dS Xi lanh 7

thuc hien qu trinh ep dftyd u tnrot 8 di xuong, dong thai d~u thea duo g 6n II

5

4 6

7

3.3.3 Phuon g an 3 :May ep thuy lire

*SO'a6 ngu ye n If;

D6 An T6 t Nghiep

Tr a ng 21

SVTH: PHAUM DUY NGHEA

- 0chu ky truot diu hoi chuyen dong len x o g lien tuc khi piston di len thi

a tre piston hoi bi n n va duoi piston hoi xa ra Vi v~y diu bua di len vi tri

tren dung laiva l~p nrc b~tdiu dix o g Khi diu bua rei x o g h i b~t diu vao

ap ia duoi va xaaphia tren piston

- DS tao nen nhat dap d p ai nhan ban dap, khi do van dich chuyen len

phia tren va rna cira s6 dS cho hoi vao phia tren vaxi ap ia duoi d6 g thai vanti€thru rna cua hoan toan dSch hoi diqua van nay voi mire t5ida,

* N guy e n If hoat il~ng :

- Khi di~u khien may b a nrc la dieu khien

2

16

D6 An T6t N ghie p

SO 'a6 n uy e n ly :

22

NGHEA SVTH : P HAUM D

1

- D@hoan thanh nhap d~p ,thai di@m nhan ban d~p can phai trung voi thai

diem nhac d~ bua len vi tri tren, khi phia tren piston da xa, d do nhat dap d u

tien co nang hro g 16n

- N~ sau nhat d p ma chua nh~c chan khoi ban dap thi d~ bua se 0 vitri

g~n cu6i cung, boi vi hie nay van chia hoi do cling tnrot lam dich chuyen d n vitri wang img.do do hoi se xa qua 16phia duoi piston con phia tren piston se tieptuc co hoivao.Nhir th~ goi ladap nhat 1

- D6 nhac d~u bua len phai nhac chan khoi ban dap luc nay van chia hoi ha

xuong, khi n oc vao phia duoi con hoi xa v phia tren, tuong ung voi chu k

tnrot cua d~ bua

-Tri s6 nan luong cua nhat d~ phu thuoc vao hanh trinh cua ban dap Khi

nh~ ban dap voi hanh trinh 16n.Van chia hoi nh~t cao han, hoi vao phia tren

piston va xa 0p ia duoi can nhi~ trong qua trinh d u bua di xuong, Do d rna

lang 7 khoang 3 -:-5 mrn nen khi tay gat a vi tri trung gian thi vo lang 7 khon

quay Khi nhtlnban dap 13di xuong duoi th n qua co cftudon b~y true 5 dich

chuyen suy ben phai, banh ma sat trai cham vao v lan 7 Vo lan 7va true vit

+May dan gian, d~ ch€ tao

+DScok i boa va tvdong hoa trong qua trin cong n he

+ C6 the thuc bien h~u nhu bitt ky mot quy luat nao cua khan bi din

bang each ch n bien dang cam thich hop

+Thuan IQ'icho viecphoi ho cac dong tac to g may tu dong,

1

4

87

Trang 25

SVTH : P HAUM DU Y NG HE A

4.3.2 Ch n may gia con :

-Voi cac uu th tren cua cac phuo g phap truyen dong va d€phil ho voi

x th phap trien hien dai Qua trinh Co'khi hoa va tu d ng h6a hien nay thi cacnha may Co'khi voi quy rno san x fitrn arong thi viec chon may ep thuy hrc laphil hop

-V6i yeu du ky thuat cling nhu nan sufit cua san pham doi hoi may phai

co cong sufit Io , chuyen do g ban ep phai cham va em de trong qua tinh biendan san pham datduoc sireb n uo , keo, dQ chin xac

- Hien nay mroc ta may ep thuy luc duoc ap du g ron rai t o g nhieu

lnh vue k ac nhau V oi hieu qua kinh t6 cao va dam bao duoc yeu cfm chathro g san pham Do do ta ch n may ep thuy luc la t6t nhfit

* C dc a(lc tinh c u m ay e p t h uy lic e :

-Luc ep: do ap suit lam viec cua chit long gay nen

-Ap sui lam viec Ion nhat cua dAu

- Lire tong cua bQph~n t6ng san ph~m ra khoi khuon

-Hinh trlnh l6nnhfitep

-Tinh nang cua bam

- Kich thu6"c bao va trQn luqng clamay

* C6 nhi8u lo~i may ep thuy h,rc,my thea cong dl,lng k6t cfiu cua than may

van u n cung cip nan luq g chia lam nhi6u lo~i

-Theo k6t cfiu may g6m: May ep Hinh tn,l,May ep thiiy 11,fC2 tr~l ho~c

may ep thuy h;rcnhi8 tn,l

-Theo n u n cung c&pnan luq g g6m:

+May ep thuy 11,fcc6bam k o g day blnh tru ap

+May ep th y l1,fcc6bam vabinh tru ap

+May ep thuy luc Cl,lmtang ap

* D6i v6"imay ep thllYh,rc c6 bam va binh ap thi chfitlo g c6 ap sufit caoduqc d a van ca xi lanhcong tac cua may nha bam vablnh tru ap

ca~

D6 An T6t N ghiep

+Kh6 ch tao cam

+Gia thanh che tao may cao

+Chua cotinh nrdong h6a c o

4.3 Phan tich chon may gia cong :

4.3.1 Xu th~ phat tri~n thoi d~i, q a trinh hi~n d~i hoa may ep,

- Ngay nay, k oa hoc phat tri€n khong n irng nang cao chit hro g sanpham Cu th la dQb ng chinh xac cu a san pham d€ dat d uoc yeu d ky thuat.nhu vay se giam thai gian gia cong, t6t kiern d oc n uyen v~tli€u tao di€u kiencho gia cong c~t got dat dQchinh xac caohan

-Han nfra,q a trinh Co'kh ih6a va tudong h6a Cac ti6tbi day chuyen san

x at Kho g ngirng nang cao nang sufitlao dQng, c i thien dieu kien lam viec va

kha nan an to n cho con nha d n may

- PMt minh va c h e nhir ngthiet b i va dun g cu m oi de rna rong ph am vi

nhu: San suat cacchi t6t 6hin dan phir ctap, kich thu oc vakh6i lu ongchi ti6tIon, co kha nang gia cong moi loai v~t lieu, co dQben, dQ cung, dQ chiu nhiet

Tr a ng 2

SVTH : PHAUM DUY NG HE A

Kho~ng c,ch tring gi-;-a ,c cIt 1400mm:

+Khung may :La 1 tru hinh chtr nhat duoc han nr cac tftm thep lai voinhau, va d&u truyen luc Diu truyen hrc chua 2 xy lanh thuy hrc rna trong dpiston co th~truo

+H~ th ng thuy hrc: Bao g6m cac van, p an phoi, d6n h do ap, van antoan, van 1 chieu duoc beStrf ben tren cua thung chua diu d~ phan p oi hrcluo g vi ap suit cho xy lanh tron qua trinh hoat dong cua may

+Ba bam ceSdinh hut diu nr buo g chua diu vi phan phoi d~n mach thuyhrc co ap suftt thea mire d(>yeu c&u

+ Ca ducng 6ng thuy lire du c tan bi cung vai cac thiet bi ghep n6i,

6 g va cacvoi cfrn thi~t d~neSicac phan nrthuy loi hrc laivoi nhau

+Cac cambien vi ti d~k o g ch~hanh trinh cua piston

+Til dien :gom cac thiet bi c&n thiet cho khoi dong va dung di~u khiencac dong co vi cac van dien nr, cling nhu c c role thai gian d~ di~ukhi~n chu kylam viec cua may, cac cong tftcto, ciu chi, may chinh hru

+ B(>khuo :dung d€ dinh dang cho san pham cin ep do Ii ap suan: baog6m 3b(>ph~n : khuo ten, khuon duai vab(>pMn k~p va day phOi

-Khuon tren: lit c6i duQ'cn ivai 2diu piston chinh

-Khuon duai la chiy duQ'cneSiceSdinh vai ban may

- B(>nMn k~p va day phOid Q'CneSivai 4 xi lanh thiiy lvc, 4 xlanh niy

d Q'cneSivai b~may

4.2 C,e th n SIk thuJt ea ms :

Kh ~ng c,ch 2 cIt hxnh ch-;-nhlt ce kYch th-c :

d x rxc = 1100 x 570 x 3100 mm

sau:

4.1 Phan tich cac th n sA kythu~t cua may hi~n co:

* Cac b(>phan chinh cua may:

May ep Ii mot thi~t bi ban tu dong duoc thiet k~ san ap suon.Net d~ctnrng ella may lano sir dung Mthong thuy luc d~thuc hien toan b(>chu trinh ep,

nr kep phoi, ep va thao phoi, Cac b(>phan chinh cua may duoc trinh bay nhu

* DeSivoi may ep thuy hrc co cum tang thi lam viec g&n gio g nhu motban thuy hrc kieu piston CWn tang ap nay co nhiern vu cung dp ch~t long apsu~tcao vao cac x lanh lam lanh viec lien tuc hoac gian doan tung xu~t mot.D6 An T6t N g h ie p

Trang 27

+Vic ph©n chia thii gian cho mit chu k ph~i®-c cui ®Vt tr-c

+Lc Dp plr[ ®-c kim s ot chl.Itch trong tng chu k

+M,y ph'[i ce IeDp In

+M,y ph'[i cetYoh t®ing cao

sau:

+ Sau khi Dp khu«n tr'n chuyn ®Ing l''n khu n ®O'ng thii khu n d-i eng

n©n Ianv the hin qu, trxnh th,o ph«i

+C« g nh©n Iiy s~rnphlm Dp vu cho ph«i V IlO tp tc c,c q , txnh c« g

n h tip theo

Vi chu k 111mvic nh- tr'n, m.y thit k cln ph'[i ce nh+ng ®Vc tYnh k thult

+Khu«n tr'n chuy ®In ®i xuing nhanh ®the hin kp ph«i,

+Tip thea kh « tr'n tip tc xuing chlm the hin chu trx h Dp

Pmax=395kg/cm2

§ii vih thing thy Ii:

-Apsuit Innhlt nguonth Ie:

- C«ng suit ®Ing c ,®in:

- §-ing kYnh 2xilan ch'Ynh:

- §-ing kYnh 4xi1anhkp ph«i:

Tran I-ng kh « tr' 3 0kg

4.3 §Uc t Y nh ca m.y thi t k:

M,y Dp P s-in IIImit thit bI> quan trong n»m trong d©y truyn s~rn

xuit khung xe m.y, Vx vly ® ®I ®-c nng suit cao, chit 1-ngs~n phlm ®I

y'u clu k thult thx plr[i ce skt hp hili hBa gi7a m.yDp vu c,c thit bl> kh,c

Trang 28

SVTH : P HAUM DUY NGHE A

+Tic ®T chuy ®Tng ca eli c th ®iu chnh ®-c, ce th thay ®ui ®-c chiudui hunh txnh

+Cho nng suit vu hiu qu'[ c o

+§I bn cam.y cao

D6 An T6t N ghiep

T nh+ng y''ucIu tr'n th m.ythit kph'[i the hin c,c ehuyn ®In sau:

sau ®e eng ®i Ian®the hin vic th,o ph«i vu kp ph«i mi eho ehu k Dp

§®~m b~o eho m.y lum vic ti, gi~m tii thiu tri ng k thult trong lc m.y

ta ph i ®Vt thii gian tr-e eho mit ehu k Dp nh- sau:

5.2.2 C,« hunh trxnh chuy ®ing ca c,c c ,clu :

D 6 An T6 t N ghiep

T 3 v~ thung Giai dean nay k€t thuc khi ban may tac d ng vao cong t~c han

trinh HT2 vi tu dong chuyen sang giai doan 2

2 Gia i doa n 2: Xu ng cham thuc hien qua trinh ep,

1 G i ai doa n 1: Xuong nhanh khong tai

Ban may dan a diem chet dung tren khi ta b&m nut xuong hoac nhich

Trong giai doan nay duoc d~t b i ro le thai gian tinh nr khi ticd('>ngvao

cong tic hanh trinh HT2 Sau khi h~t thai gian (da ep xong san pham) ban may

5.3 1 TY nh ton em m a n g k hu « n tr ' n ( x ilanh tru y Ieeh Y nh ) :

Cm mang khu«n tr' gam e 2xi lanh the hin c,c hunh trxnh sau:

- Hunh trxnh xuing nhanh ®kp ph«i,

- H u nh txnh Dp ,

Trang 35

SVTH: PHAUM DUY NGHEA

to=(0,01+ 0,5) (s)

Trong do:

G :k 6i luong uoc tinh cuab phan chuyen dong

v : T6e d9 16n nhat ella co du eh~p hanh [m/s]

d~u ill bam qua van van buong tren cua

xi ~anh.Lam cho piston chuyen dong di