Definition of Garment Washing

Different types of wet processing are-  Normal wash/Garments wash/Rinse wash  Pigment wash  Caustic wash  Enzyme wash Boi wash &Boi polishing  Stone wash  Bleach wash Ice wash& sno

1. Definition of garment washing?

Definition: The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfortable

and fashion of the garments is called garment washing

Or, It is a technology by which outlook, size, comfort & fashion of garments / apparelsare change of modified and given old garment effect is called Garment Washing

2. Write the purpose of washing?

Purpose of washing/Best wash look is the best touch of a garment - This may beexplained in the following way:-

 Washing process of garment is done to create wash look appearance Afterwashing the garments create a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion

 By the washing technique, faded/old look, color or tinted affect is created in thegarments which also seem the best touch of garments

 Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy,Blasting, whickering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, P P spray, handcrapping, P.P spoonzing etc This also seems the best touch of garments

 The main and important function of washing is to reduce size materials as a resultthe garment become size free and become soft hand feel

 When these soft garments are touched then it seems to best touch of garments

 To attraction the customers/Buyer by different types of Fashionable washing andmarket developments

 Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments There is no possibility offurther shrinkage of the wash garments

 Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is alsoremoved due to washing

3. Write different types of dry processing?Different types of dry processes are-

 Grinding & Destroy

 Broken & Tagging

4. Write different types of wet processing?

Different types of wet processing are-

 Normal wash/Garments wash/Rinse wash

 Pigment wash

 Caustic wash

 Enzyme wash (Boi wash &Boi polishing)

 Stone wash

 Bleach wash (Ice wash& snow wash)

 Stone Enzyme wash

5. Write the machine name which are used in washing plant?

Machine which are used in washing plant:

 Sample washing Machine (Horizontal / Vertical Type)

 Washing Machine (Side loading)

 Washing Machine (Front loading)

 Hydro extractor Machine

 Dryer Machine (Steam)

 Dryer Machine (Gas)

 Chemical Mixture Machine

 Industrial Oven (Gas/Electric)

 Boiler

 Submersible Pump

 Grinding Machine

 Tagging Machine

 Steam chamber for crinkle

 E.T.P (Effluent Treatment Plant)

 Generator

 Sand Blasting Gun

 Sand Blasting chamber

 Spray gun and dummy

 Screw compressor

6. Write the chemical names which are used in washing plant?Chemical names which are used in washing plant:

 Cationic / nonionic Flax softener

 Micro Emulsion Silicon

 Salt (sodium chloride)

Purpose of normal wash:

1. To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments

2. To remove starch presents on the garment fabrics

3. For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing

4. To achieve buyer washing standard

8. Describe the first step & 2nd step of normal / garment wash?

Washing process of normal wash:

First step:

 Lot size: - 70 kg Twill/Canvas Garment

 Add water at L: R = 1: 8-10 560 - 700 Liter

 Machine Running

 Add detergent at 0.5 gm / liter 280-350 gm

 Temperature Sometime cold & sometime 40°c to 60°c

 Time 5 to 10 minutes

 Drop the liquor

 Cold wash

2nd Step:

 Add water at L: R = 1: 6 420 liter

 Washing machine running

 Add Flax softener at 0.6 gm / liter 252 gm

 Add Acetic Acid at 0.5 gm / liter 210 gm

 Time 5 to 10 minutes

 Drop the liquor

 Unload the Garments on trolley

9. What is the function of Hydro extractor machine?

Function of hydro extractor machine: Hydro-extraction the garments to remove excesswater from the washed Garments.

10. What is the purpose of silicon wash?

Purpose of silicon wash:

1. To give durable softness & elastic handle properties

2. To increase anti pilling affects, dimensional stability, and tear resistance

3. To improve wear and easy care properties

11. Write different between normal wash and silicon wash?

Difference between normal wash and silicon wash is given bellow:

To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities

from the garments

To give durable softness & elastic handle properties

To remove starch present on garments

fabrics To increase anti pilling affects & dimensional stability.For soft feeling to wear the garments after

purchasing To increase tear resistance property.

To achieve buyer washing standard To improve wear and easy care properties

12. Describe the desizing process of silicon wash?

Desizing process of silicon wash:

 Lot weight (Approx 125 Pecs) 60 kg

 Add water at L: R = 1: 10 600 Liter

 Machine Running

 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 360 gm

 Add Detergent at 0.5 gm / liter 300 gm

 Temperature 40 50°c

 Time 10 20 min

 Drop the liquor.

 Rinse one time 3 minutes

13. Describe the softening process of silicon wash?

Softening process of silicon wash:

 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter

 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / liter 288 gm

 Cationic Softener at 1 gm / liter 480 gm

 Silicon (ME) at 0.5 gm / liter 240 gm

 Temperature 40°c

 Time 15 to 20 min

 Drain the bath

 Then unload the garments on trolley

14. Write the chemical name which is used in pigment wash / caustic wash

CHEMICAL USED IN PIGMENT WASHING AND THEIR FUNCTION

CAUSTIC SODA (NaOH)

:- Caustic created the role in bleach technique without color change thegarments

 Caustic has a cleaning power which is more powerful then soda Ash

 Fading affect/old looking affect come rapidly on garments

SODA ASH (Na2Co3) :

 Soda ash created alkaline medium for the breakdown of pigment dye

 It has also a cleaning power

 It has also help color fading affect of garments

Here detergent is used to remove impurities from the Garment fabric surfaces andtemperature helps detergent to enhance its action Detergent removes the impurities fromthe garments fabric surface During coming these impurities, some pigment will bewashed out from the pigment dyed or printed area of the garments As a result fadingaffect will be developed

Acidic Acid (CH3COOH) :

Acidic Acid is used to neutralize the garment from alkaline condition and to control the

pH value in wash bath

Flax Softener (Cationic, anionic):

Softener is used to make the garments treated textiles is surface feel that is bath sicklyand soft and also provides excellent lubricating properties

CHEMICAL USED IN CAUSTIC WASH AND THEIR FUNCTION

CAUSTIC SODA (NaoH):

 Caustic created the role in bleach technique with color change thegarments

 Caustic has powerful cleaning power

 Fading affect/old looking affect come rapidly on garments

ACIDIC ACID(CH3COOH) :

Acidic Acid is used to neutralize the garment from alkaline condition and to control the

pH value in wash bath

Here detergent is used to remove impurities from the garments fabric surfaces andtemperature helps detergent to enhance its action During these impurities, some colorwill be washed out from the colored fabric garments As a result fading affect will bedeveloped.

Flax Softener (Cationic, anionic):

Softener is used to make the garments treated textiles is surface feel that is bath sicklyand soft and also provides excellent lubricating properties

15. Write the chemical name which are used for Enzyme wash?

Chemical which are used for enzyme wash:

16. Write the desizing / first step process of caustic wash process

Desizing process of caustic wash:

 Lot size: - 80 kg.

 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 640 Liter

 Machine Running

 Add Caustic soda (NAOH) at 1.60 gm / liter … 1024 gm

 Add Detergent at 0.8 gm / liter 432 gm

 Temperature 50°c to 60°c

 Time (Depend upon the shade) 20 to 60 min

 Drop the liquor

 Wash cold water for 3 min

17. What is the standard r.p.m of washing machine?

The standard r.p.m of washing machine is 28-35

18. Write the chemicals name which are used for softness of garments?Chemicals which are used for softness of garments:

• Cationic softener

• Silicon

• Enzyme

19. Write the chemicals name which are used for good quality hand feel?

Chemicals which are used for good quality hand feel

are-• Cationic softener

• Silicon

• Enzyme

20. What chemical used for protect bleeding / staining on garments?

Anti back staining agent is used for the protection of staining / bleeding on garments

21. What process is done for remove starch / sizing materials from the garments?

Desizing process is done for removing starch / sizing materials from the garments

22. Why acitic acid is used in Enzyme bath?

Acitic acid is used in Enzyme bath to neutralize the garments from alkaline condition and

to control the pH value of the bath

Or, Acitic acid is used in Enzyme bath to create acitic medium for the better action ofenzyme and flax softener

23. Write different between steam dryer & gas dryer

Low production rate High production rate

Generally light garments are used for dry Generally Heavy garments are used for dry

No risk of yellowish formation May be form yellowish effect on the

garments

24. Describe the Desizing process of Denim Long Pant?

Desizing process of Denim Long Pant:

 Lot weight (80 Pecs) 60 kg denim long pant

 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 Liter

 Machine Running

 Temperature 60°c

 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 324 gm

 Add Detergent at 0.8 gm / liter 432 gm

 Time 15- 25 min

 Drop the liquor

 Wash 1 time by cold water

25. Describe the Enzyme bath process of Denim Long Pant by Acid Enzyme?Enzyme bath process of Denim Long Pant by Acid Enzyme is given bellow:

 Add water at L: R = 1 : 8 480 Liter

 Temperature 45°c

 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm

 Add Anti Back staining at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm

 Add Acid Enzyme at 2.00 gm / liter 900 gm

 Time (Depend upon the shade)…… 30- 60 min

 Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing)

 Drain the bath

 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes

26. Describe the Enzyme bath process of Denim Long Pant by Neutral Enzyme

Enzyme bath process of Denim Long Pant by Neutral Enzyme is described bellow:

 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter

 Temperature 45°c

 Add Acetic Acid at 0.3 gm / liter 135 CC

 Add Anti Back staining at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm

 Add Neutral Enzyme at 2.00 gm / liter 900 gm

 Time (Depend upon the shade)….40- 80 min

 Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing)

 Drain the bath

 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes

27. How can do the killing of Enzyme in Enzyme bath?

For killing of Enzyme in Enzyme bath the temperature is increased to 90oC and run for 1minute

28. Why chlorine bleach is use in Denim wet processing?

Chlorine bleach is used in Denim wet processing for the better bleach action on garments.Because we know that chlorine has strong bleaching power So that it can easily createbleaching effect on garments

29. What chemical is used for neutralization of chlorine bleach?

Sodium hypo sulphite is used for neutralization of chlorine bleach

30. Write the main 5 function of Enzyme wash

The main 5 function of Enzyme wash:

1. It remove size material from the garments

2. Enzyme attack as chemically not mechanically for this reason low damage /wastage than stone wash.

3. Enzyme improve the anti pilling properties

4. It attacks more the surface of the fabrics and gives a very smooth surface

5. It increase the color fastness and rubbing fastness properties

31. What is the action of Enzyme on Garments?

The action of enzyme during enzyme wash, it hydrolysis the cellulose, at first it attacksthe having projecting fiber and hydrolyzed them Then it attacks the yarn portion insidefabric and partly hydrolyzed the yarn portion and faded affect is produced

32. What is standard time for bleaching in Bleaching bath of Denim Garments?

The standard time for bleaching in bleaching bath of Denim Garments is 12- 15 minutes

33. What types of Enzyme used in Bangladesh?

Mainly two types of enzyme used in Bangladesh One is Acid Enzyme (liquid) andanother is Neutral Enzyme Neutral Enzyme is two types – a) Powder form b) Liquidform i.e SL Enzyme

34. Write different between Acid Enzyme & Neutral Enzyme

Difference between Acid Enzyme & Neutral Enzyme:

Acid enzyme color is slightly brown Enzyme is slightly white powder form

pH range is 4.5-5.5 pH range is 6-7.

Temperature- 40oc – 55oc Temperature – 40oc – 60oc

Time required 25 min to 50 min Time required 40 to 70 min

Enzyme affects come within short time Enzyme affects come slowly

Staining /Bleeding occurs more in

garments

Less staining/\bleeding on garments

Production is high Production is less

Used for medium and light shade Used for dark shade

35. How can control the pH value in garments?

By the appropriate use of acidic acid, buffer and hydrogen peroxide we can neutralize thegarments from alkaline condition and therefore can control the pH value in garments

36. What types of Enzyme is suitable for Dark shade Enzyme wash of Denim LongPant & why?

Neutral Enzyme is suitable for Dark shade Enzyme wash of Denim Long Pant Because

37. What type of Enzyme is suitable for medium / light shade Enzyme wash of Denimskirt?

Acid Enzyme is suitable for medium/ light shade Enzyme wash of Denim skirt

38. Write Desizing process of twill Long Pant for Enzyme wash

Desizing process of twill Long Pant for Enzyme wash:

 Lot weight (Approx 125 Pecs) 60 kg twill long pant

 Add water at L : R = 1 : 10 600 Liter

 Machine Running

 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 360 gm.

 Add Detergent at 0.5 gm / liter 300 gm

 Temperature 50-60°c

 Time 10- 20 min

 Drop the liquor

 Rinse one time 3 minutes

39. Write Enzyme bath process of Twill Long Pant Enzyme wash.Enzyme bath process of Twill Long Pant Enzyme wash:

 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 Liter

 Temperature 45°c

 Add Acetic Acid at 0.5 gm / liter 240 gm

 Add Acid Enzyme at 1.2 gm / liter 600 gm

 Add Anti stain at 0.50 gm / liter ,, 240 gm

 Time (Depend upon the standard) 30 to 60 min

 Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute

 Drain the bath

 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes

40. Write main process of stone Enzyme wash for Denim Long Pant

STONE ENZYME WASH

Now in our Bangladesh maximum Denim garment is washing STONE ENZYMEWASH It is most popular wash for Buyer A process of stone enzyme wash of 60 kgbatch of Denim Long Pant as mentioned below:

First Step :- PRE-TREATMENT / DESIZING

 Batch size 60 kg Denim Long Pant

 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 liter

 Start the machine

 Temperature 60°c

 Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / liter 324 gm

 Add Detergent / Antistain at 1 gm / liter 540 gm

 Time 15 to 25 min

 Drop the liquor

Second Step : HOT WASH

 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 liter

 Temperature 60°c

 Time 5 min

Third Step :

 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 liter

 Add pumic stone at ½ vol of garments

 Add Enzyme at 1.50 gm/liter 720 gms

 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm/liter 288 gms

 Add Antistain at 0.8 gm/liter 384 gms

 Temperature 40°c to 50°c

 Time (Depend upon the shade) 60 to 70 min

 Then temperature raise to 90°c for 1 minute

 Drop the liquor

 Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes

 Then pumic stone out from washing machine

Fourth Step : BLEACHING

 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 liter.

 Machine running

 Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) at 10 gm/liter 4800 gms

 Add soda ash at 5 gm/liter 2400 gms

 Temperature 60°c

 Time (Depend upon the shade) 12 to 15 min

 Drop the liquor

 Rinse twice, each 3 minutes

Fifth Step :- NEUTRAL WASH

 Add water at L: R = 1: 9 540 liter

 Add sodium hyposulphite at 3 gm/liter 1620 gms

 Temperature 40°c

 Time 10 to 12 min

 Drop the liquor

 Rinse one

Sixth Step :- SOFT WASH

 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 liter

 Add Acetic Acid at 0.6 gm/liter 288 gms

 Cationic softener at 1 gm/liter 480 gms

 Time 5 min

 Drop the liquor

 Unload the garments to trolley

Seventh Step :- Hydro-extractor Machine

 Hydro-extraction the garment to remove excess water from the washedgarments

Eighth Step : Drying Machine :

 Load 40 kg garments

 Set temperature 75°c to 85°c

 Time 35 to 40 min.

 Time 10 minutes in cold dry

Ninth Step : Delivery

 After quality checking garment will be delivery

41. What is the perfect temperature for Acid Enzyme and Neutral Enzyme?The perfect temperature for Acid Enzyme and Neutral Enzyme is 45oc

42. Write different types of washing faults

Different types of washing faults

are- Color shade variation

 Crease Marks

 After wash hole

 Very dark & very light

 Bleach Spot

 Bottom hem & course edge destroy

 Running shading

 Over blasting / low Blasting

 Over grinding / low grinding

 Bad smell due to poor neutralization

 Poor hand feel

43. Write the function of Anti stain, Detergent, Potassium Permanganate, MicroEmulsion Softener, Hydrogen Peroxide, Optical Brightener and desizing agent.Anti stain: Anti stain is used to prevent the staining on weft yarn of the denim (whiteyarn), white pockets of garment, levels, and contacted fabrics of garment and increasedthe brightness of fabrics; it is also acts as anti-creasing agent.

Detergent: Chemical character is fatty alcohol polyglycol ether in an aqueous, glycolicsolution Detergent is widely applicable in the continuous and discontinuous pretreatment

of all tyPecs of fiber and their blends To remove impurities, mineral oil contaminationand sizes from the garments scouring of goods for dyeing and printing fully white andcolored articles

Potassium Permanganate: Chemical character is fatty alcohol polyglycol ether in anaqueous, glycolic solution Detergent is widely applicable in the continuous anddiscontinuous pretreatment of all tyPecs of fiber and their blends To remove impurities,mineral oil contamination and sizes from the garments scouring of goods for dyeing andprinting fully white and colored articles

Emulsion Softener:Amino Silicon is a textile finishing agent consisting mainly of aminomodified silicon When applied on fabrics, it gives durable softness, lubricity, elastichandle, antipilling, dimensional stability, tear resistance and fabric to be cut and sewnmore easily allows and improving wear and easy care properties

Hydrogen Peroxide:Hydrogen peroxide creates the prime role in bleach wash technique

In alkaline medium, hydrogen peroxide breaks up and gives some perhydroxhyl ion,which discolor the coloring materials and as a result fading affect is developed Hydrogenperoxide is used in scouring, bleaching bath for white/ready for dyeing of gray fabricgarments It is used also neutralized the garment from alkaline condition

Optical Brightener: Two types of optical brightener are used in the washing plant – a)Red brightener b) Blue brightener Mainly optical brightener is used for improve thebrightness of garments.

Desizing Agent: Desizing agent is used to remove mainly starches, cmc, waxes, fatspectin’s, minerals & unfixed indigo dye from denim, twills, poplin & canvas fabrics etc

44. Describe only bleaching process of Bleach wash of Denim Long Pant

Bleaching process of Bleach wash of 60 kg Denim Long Pant is given bellow:

 Lot size ………60 kg Denim Long Pant

 Add water at L: R = 1: 8 480 liter

 Machine running

 Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) at 10 gm/liter 4800 gms

 Add soda ash at 5 gm/liter 2400 gms

 Temperature 60°c

 Time (Depend upon the shade) 12 to 15 min

 Drop the liquor

 Rinse twice, each 3 minutes

45. What do you know about pumic stone?

Pumic stone:

 The pumic stone are the perforated stones, produced from volcanic explosion

 At first these stones are soft but becomes cold, it becomes the stones with roughsurface,

 Pumic stones float on water

 Pumic stones come from Indonesia and Turkey

 Indonesia stone color is slightly brown and Turkey stone is white color

 Pumic stones are available in 3 size i.e small 2-3 cm, medium 3-5 cm and largesize 5-7 cm

 Two to Three times can be used are pumic stone Every bag contain 22 kg to 25 kgand price 400/= to 425/=/ bag

46. Write the approx Enzyme and Silicon wash charges for Twill Men’s and Boy’sTrouser separately

Approx rate for Enzyme and Silicon wash for twill Men’s and Boy’s Trouser

is-Enzyme wash:

– Kids / Boy's item - us$ 1.80 - $ 2.25 / DOZ

– Adult item - us$ 2.25 - $ 2.75 / DOZ

Silicon wash:

– Kids / Boy's item - us$ 1.25 - $ 1.75 / DOZ

– Adult item - us$ 1.50 - $ 2.00 / DOZ

47. Why we run the dryer with garment after dry 10 -15 minutes in cold position?

We run the dryer with garment after dry 10 to 15 minutes in cold position to cold thegarments

48. Which dryer is suitable to dry white readymade garments and why?

Steam dryer is suitable to dry white readymade garments because there is no risk ofyellowish formation on the garments

49. Describe the risk/ problem of gas dryer

If we use gas dryer then there is a great possibility of yellowish formation on thegarments