Packaging and labeling of apparel and tetiles

Various materials used for packaging apparel and allied products are- wood, paper, plastics, films, nail, rope, gum, tape, etc used in care of bulky exports or rugged shipment in case of

 Packaging is an important part of the product, which has to receive a lot of attention to the

people.

 Packaging is concerned with designing &

producing of appropriate packages for a product.

 Packaging also refers to the process of design,

evaluation, and production of packages

Packaging can be described as a coordinated

system of preparing goods for transport,

warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use

or creating of goods for the purpose of protection of goods and their convenient handling.

other receptacle for packaging goods It can be

made of metals, plastic, wood, paper, glass,

laminates, polyester

 The first packages used the natural materials

available at the time: Baskets of reeds, wineskins (Bota bags), Wooden boxes, pottery Vases,

wooden barrels, woven bags, etc

IMPORTANCE OF

PACKAGING-Physical protection –protection from mechanical shock, vibration,

electrostatic discharge compression, temperature.

Barrier protection – A barrier from oxygen water vapor, dust, etc.,

Information transmission – Packages and labels communicate

how to use, transport, recycle or dispose of the package or product.

Marketing –can be used by marketers to encourage potential

buyers to purchase the product

Security – Packaging can play an important role in reducing

the security risks of shipment.

Convenience – Packages can have features that add convenience in

distribution, handling, stacking, display, sale, opening, reclosing, use, dispensing, reuse, recycling, and ease of disposal

Various materials used for

packaging

apparel and allied products are- wood, paper, plastics, films, nail, rope, gum, tape, etc

used in care of bulky exports or rugged shipment in case of handling abuse The woods used mainly are sheets of ply wood or tongue

or grooved board soft woods are basically

strength.

Paper and cardboards

They are very cheap but have very little strength as compared to other packaging material except glass Paper cannot pack liquid material However they provide

opportunity to present article in colorful & attractive way It can protect the contents from moisture to some extent.

Plastic

material- it has revolutionized the packaging industry

These types of package are durable & air tight they can carry liquid in them and are not heavy & don’t absorb moisture as like paper Plastic

packaging has gained popularity for packaging fruit juice, ghee, cereals, and all daily uses, they can be reusable after the content are take out

 it is distinguished by its wrinkled surface which is made in a range of thicknesses and softness’s

Although creap paper are used basically as shock insulation to prevent crushing, fine creep paper are available for decorative merchandising of facts

Gummed crepe in strip roll is a popular sealing tape for sealing wrappers and cartons however gummed Kraft striping is still the most popular seal tape for cartons and wrappers

CREEP PAPER –

 Thin paper sheets usually comes in sheets varying in size from approximately 18’*24”.tissue are used for packaging both for shock insulation and decoration.

TISSUES

CLOTH BAGS METAL PACKAGING

Packaging policies and

strategy

 Some of the policies concept to consider in respect of product

packaging These include the

following- a company made the

policy in order to achieve one or more following purposes

- Change may flow from management desire to provide more convenience in using that product.

 Policies may be introduced to correct defects in the package E.g.-different opening, different air tightening etc.

 Innovation in packaging material may also require change in product packaging.

 it is a kind of packaging strategy in which packages of the entire product line closely

resemble one another or alternatively major features of the

packages in the respect of the entire product line closely

resemble each other.

Packaging

changes-

Family

packaging-

Re-usable

packaging- it is a strategy in which marketers of the product in

such a package which may be reuse for other purpose once product is taken out from it use it for other

purpose.

Examples

 Reusable and recyclable crates and pallets.

 it is a strategy in which a number of heterogeneous products to be used by one consumer are placed in a single package, it help the company to built up

considerable total sales It facilitates acceptance of

new product idea by consumer who may not be like or interested in buying that.

Multiple packaging-

Ecological

packaging- in order to preserve the physical environment a company may

formulate compatible packaging strategy Some of the elements of this strategy may include-

 Reuse element.

 Decompose over reasonable period.

 Use of light weight packaging material.

 it is the unit the consumer receives when he select the product From the consumer point of view the merchandise package should-

item.

Merchandise

packaging

Shipment packaging

identification function It is the package, the carrier, receiver& delivers to the retailer.

respect to its

merchandise package.

Close container carrying

garment-

Open container carrying

garment

 in open merchandise packages coats, suits or dresses

transported without individual covers on hangers suspended from potable hanger racks The shipment

package separate properly when it prevent

the crushing of the garment during shipment.

 to reduce the shipment weight of shipping good.

 To prevent the garment from catching dust or

odors before or during shipping.

 To prevent garments from acquiring wrinkles or

creases during shipping.

 To minimize storage space for other

manufacturer & retailer.

Vacuum packaging

Function and scope of

packaging

 packaging has two different

deals with packaging the apparel in a manner which permits the apparel

manufacturer to ship the product at lower cost & or in the shortest time to the purchaser without damaging the quality of the product.

 it deals with presenting the apparel product in a manner designed to

stimulate consumer desire for the product Both functions have & style

specifications during the journey from the factory to the retailer.

▪ Creasing, crushing & dust may affect the quality & have to be prevented in packaging

▪ Military apparel & apparel destined for export & shipment to extremes of climate

conditions must be packaged to protect the product against wetting, mildew, fungus, excessive light and handling damages.

▪ Handling damage refers to tears, creases & staining when the package is broken by shipping handling.

LABELLING- A label is a piece of  paper, polymer, cloth, metal, or other material affixed to a container or article, on which is printed a legend, information concerning the product, addresses, etc A label may also be

printed directly on the container or article.

 Labels have many uses: product identification,

name tags, advertising, warnings, and other

communication Special types of labels called 

digital labels (printed through a 

digital printing) can also have special

constructions tags, security printing,

and sandwich process labels

INTRODUCTION-DEFINATION-

Kaelly Irwin-“ label refers to any printed statement

related to merchandise that accompanies the goods at the point of sale”.

 It can be said that the idea of label is originated with the view

of distinction between properties and qualities of goods as well

as to increase their appeal by acting as a foundation to provide information to the consumer Also it is meant to make sure that the declared quality goods are supplied to the consumer there

by they could make satisfied about quality, type of the item

purchased.

 Assistance help has been provided to the consumer next

through the federal permanent care labeling role, which

primarily deals with matters of laundry& dry cleaning on

account of inherent importance of textiles.

1 Informative labels,

2 Care labels.



 it is a tag that give description of the performance inherited,

consumer in selection Fiber content, how fabric is made, how it will perform in use and how to care for it are the areas covered by an

desirability of honesty labeled products.

 Informative care label includes information regarding laundering,

dry-cleaning, fiber content, fiber type, etc they may be in the form of

directions or symbols denoting the use and care of garments.

Types of

label-Informative

label-

CARE LABELING-

label-Care labels are the labels inside clothing or fashion

accessories that provide wash care instruction, fiber content, country origin and few other important

details of information It is sometime reference as

content label, wash care label or care instructor label.

 The technological advances which have occurred in textile, apparel and cleaning industries have had a significant effect

on the care process of apparel The larger number of

products on the market ,each with different care performance characteristics has made It almost impossible for consumers

to be informer about any one product the traditional source

of care information, personal experience based on trial and error, no longer meets the needs of consumers.

 Therefore, it is very important that customer to be

given accurate information on how to take care of their garment ,so they can make informed purchase decisions concerning care characteristics of competing products and the cleaning procedures can be avoided by

consumers and cleaners like.

 Care symbols give all the necessary information

Types of care labeling

 It is a label of such material and is attached in such

manner that it can be expected to withstand and remain legible throughout at least ten cleanings of the articles.

PERMANENT

LABELS  

 It is a label which is not expected to withstand and remain legible through ten cleaning of the consumer textile article.

following are some examples of those articles:

TEMPORARY LABELING

•PERMANENT CARE

LABELING RULE(1972)

•Voluntary labeling.

•SILK REGULATION 1932

TEXTILE FIBER PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

Voluntary labeling.

 the labeling of fabrics with brand name is well

established method and is used by the manufacturer as name or tool in advertising



 it identifies the quality of product by a letter or no or a word to derive a characteristics of fabric are compared with one or standard

 It indicates that the item is tested by lab usually one

independent of the manufacturers of product

 These certification labels are often referred to as

D Informative

label- It is a tag which gives description ,Used for the

purpose of fiber content of fabric such as wool, silk, cotton and eco label

 It gives information how fabric is made, how it

will perform in use and how to care of the fabric

 An addition to an informative, brand or

certification label there may also be a union

labels This assures the consumers that the

garment was made under fair/good working

conditions

E Union labeling-

F Registered number system-

 A sewn in label with any no found in the garment

[e.g 6000 or any no.] means that the manufacturer

obtained a registration no from the Bureau of

Consumer Protection of the FTC [Federal Trade

Commission].

 Various federal processes include provisions for mandatory labeling with consequent

requirements for supervision and enforcements Thus functions have been assigned to various agencies although many acts are assigned to Federal Trade Commission until 1973.

 FTC was created by an Act of congress on September 26, 1914 The activities of the FTC are

designed to protect not only the ultimate consumers by also the different segments of industry.

 Mandatory Labeling ‘ML’ describe acceptable and legal commercial practices for the

manufacturer, dealer to follow, law and regulation in the textile industries continue to affect

it to inform to general operation, label requirement, environmental issues, design aspects and health safety concern.

MANDATORY

LABELING-2 Mandatory

labeling-SILK REGULATION

 The activities of Federal Trade Commission are designed to

protect not only the ultimate consumer but also compulsory

segments of the textile industry itself

 It is the responsibility of FTC to prevent unfair or deceptive trade practices, for example marketing of Rayon / Polyester blend

crushed in such a way to suggest that it was made of flax.

 The first four laws and regulation deals with “Truth in fabrics”

aspect for these, to the beneficial the consumer must have

knowledge about the fibers and fabrics.

 The first FTC of ruling on weighing of silk was established in 1938

 It specified that no silk product containing more than 10% weighing except those that are colored black may carry a label that they are silk or pure dyed silk.

1.SILK REGULATION 1932

2 WOOL PRODUCT LABELLING ACT 1939

(amended in 1986)

 It was designed to protect consumer as well as producer , manufacturer as well as

distributers from the unreal presence of substitutes and mixtures and to inform the

consumer of the source of wool fiber

 This Act implies to any textile product containing wool which include carpets, rugs , mats

and upholstery The law requires the labels must give the fiber content percentage and the

source of fiber

 The name or the registered identification number of the manufacturer must be there on the label

The registered number is designated WPL or RN where WPL refers to Wool Product Label and RN (Registered Number) and the next several digits are the actual number

 The Act requires that the name of the country where the product was manufactured or be

processed must be listed on the label These labels must be sewn in the item Their location is

designated in the Act.

o The terms that appear on the labels of wool items are defined by the FTC

as follows:

a WOOL – New wool or wool fibers reclaimed from knit straps , broken

thread.

b RECYCLED WOOL – Straps of new woven or felted fabrics that are shredded

back to the fibrous state and used again in the manufacture of woolens.

c VIRGIN WOOL – Wool that has never been processed in any way.

3 FUR PRODUCTS LABELLING ACT 1952 (amended in 1980)

 This Act applies to Furs, those items of animals origin with the hair/fibers

attached

 The Act requires that the true English language name of the animal to be used

on the labels for wearing apparel and that dyed furs be so labeled The country

of origin must also be identified

 The Act has been amended to identify animal by name and has expanded the

list of modifications to the natural fur to include tip dyeing , pointing (coloring

the tips of guard’s hair) and other means of artificially altering the color and

appearance of the fur.

 This law does not provide for a quality designation Poor quality fur is available

in the market

 The law protects the consumer from buying furs sold under name resembling

expensive furs.

 The label must disclose if the fur is waste fur or has been used, damaged,

dyed, bleached or otherwise treated to artificially change the color.

 This act is commonly called the Fur Act in the industry.