Hairy fibre removal system using singeing & enzyme wash

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITYSchool of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering Treatment of fabric In order to impart the required functional properties to the fiber or fabric,

Name : MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIR

ID: 2010000400008

Batch: 13th Batch (Session 2009-2013)

Department: Wet Processing Technology

Modern Textile

Modern textile means the revolution of textile machineries The invention of power loom, and roller printing machine, Stenter machine, Compactor machine increase the quality of fabrics It also saves time Of production

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Treatment of fabric

In order to impart the required functional properties to the fiber or fabric, it is necessary

to subject the material to different types of physical and chemical treatments For

example, wash and wear finish for a cotton fabric is necessary to make it crease-free or wrinkle-free In a similar way, mercerizing, singeing, flame retardant, water repellent, waterproof, anti-static and peach finishing achieve various fabric properties desired by consumers For example-

Treatment of fabric

In order to impart the required functional properties to the fiber or fabric, it is necessary

to subject the material to different types of physical and chemical treatments For

example, wash and wear finish for a cotton fabric is necessary to make it crease-free or wrinkle-free In a similar way, mercerizing, singeing, flame retardant, water repellent, waterproof, anti-static and peach finishing achieve various fabric properties desired by consumers For example-

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Grey fabric inspection Loading in the machine Scouring

Bleaching Enzyme Wash

Flow chart of wet process for knit fabric

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Grey fabric inspection

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Hairiness of Fibre and removal system:

In the textile industry, loose fibres protruding on the surface of textile goods are singed or enzyme wash to remove them

Hairiness of Fibre and removal system:

In the textile industry, loose fibres protruding on the surface of textile goods are singed or enzyme wash to remove them

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Flow chart of Hairy fibre removal system:

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

What is singeing ?

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Singeing is designed to burn off the surface fibres from the fabric to produce smoothness The fabric passes over brushes to raise the fibres, then passes over a plate heated by gas flames

Singeing is designed to burn off the surface fibres from the fabric to produce smoothness The fabric passes over brushes to raise the fibres, then passes over a plate heated by gas flames

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Why singeing and what is being singed?

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

During the singeing process, fibers which are not tied in threads or in the cloth are burned

or turned to gas through the action of thermal energy, normally by means of a flame This means that a fabric surface is achieved which is virtually free of hairs and fibers

During the singeing process, fibers which are not tied in threads or in the cloth are burned

or turned to gas through the action of thermal energy, normally by means of a flame This means that a fabric surface is achieved which is virtually free of hairs and fibers

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

The verb singe literally means to burn superficially Technically, singeing refers to the burning-off of:

The verb singe literally means to burn superficially Technically, singeing refers to the burning-off of:

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Singeing Objectives & advantages:

structure of the fabric to be clearly seen

fabrics

as randomly protruding fibers are removed in singeing which could cause diffused

reflection of light

Singeing Objectives & advantages:

structure of the fabric to be clearly seen

fabrics

as randomly protruding fibers are removed in singeing which could cause diffused

reflection of light

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Direct Singeing System:

The action of burning away the protruding ends of the fibers is brought about by the direct action of the flame ensuing from the gas burners

Direct Singeing Includes:

1 Knit fabric singeing

Direct Singeing System:

The action of burning away the protruding ends of the fibers is brought about by the direct action of the flame ensuing from the gas burners

Direct Singeing Includes:

1 Knit fabric singeing

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Indirect Singeing System:

In this system, the heat, in the forms of diffused infra-red radiations, produces a more even singeing effect

Indirect Singeing Includes:

Indirect Singeing System:

In this system, the heat, in the forms of diffused infra-red radiations, produces a more even singeing effect

Indirect Singeing Includes:

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Why Knit Singeing Is Done?

In case of knitting process normally singing is not done Because the purpose of singing like removing of having fibres from the fabric surfaces is done in here by using enzyme But simply in some special cases like processing of viscose knit singing is done An enzyme-based process was applied in finishing viscose fabrics, which are very susceptible to pilling because of individual loose fibres ends which protrude from surface, and impurities and fuzzes

Why Knit Singeing Is Done?

In case of knitting process normally singing is not done Because the purpose of singing like removing of having fibres from the fabric surfaces is done in here by using enzyme But simply in some special cases like processing of viscose knit singing is done An enzyme-based process was applied in finishing viscose fabrics, which are very susceptible to pilling because of individual loose fibres ends which protrude from surface, and impurities and fuzzes

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Knit singing machine:

Normally the machine which is used to removing the hairy fibres of the fabric as a

alternative of enzyme is known as knitting machine The main purpose of this machine is

to remove the protruding fibres from the fabric surface

Knit singing machine:

Normally the machine which is used to removing the hairy fibres of the fabric as a

alternative of enzyme is known as knitting machine The main purpose of this machine is

to remove the protruding fibres from the fabric surface

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Gas Singing Machine

Finishing of knit-goods commonly was effected in tubular form until recently But there is a clear tendency in the industry to process knits more and more in open-width form There are significant

Advantages such as

• improved quality

• reduced losses

• lower production cost

Gas Singing Machine

Finishing of knit-goods commonly was effected in tubular form until recently But there is a clear tendency in the industry to process knits more and more in open-width form There are significant

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

The essential features of the DOUBLE-JET burner :

chambers

nozzles

combustion chambers formed of molded ceramic bricks

singeing textile materials of natural, regenerated and synthetic fibers

These properties clearly distinguish the DOUBLE-JET burner from conventional burners, in terms of reliability, precision, performance, capacity, and energy consumption

The essential features of the DOUBLE-JET burner :

chambers

nozzles

combustion chambers formed of molded ceramic bricks

singeing textile materials of natural, regenerated and synthetic fibers

These properties clearly distinguish the DOUBLE-JET burner from conventional burners, in terms of reliability, precision, performance, capacity, and energy consumption

7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Singeing Position

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

1 Singeing onto free-guided fabric

This is the most intensive singeing position with highest efficiency In this position, the flame bounces onto the guided fabric at right angles.

free-1 Singeing onto free-guided fabric

This is the most intensive singeing position with highest efficiency In this position, the flame bounces onto the guided fabric at right angles.

free-7/30/15

SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

2 Singeing onto water-cooled roller

In this position, the flame bounces at right angles onto the fabric while the fabric passes onto water-cooled guide roller This position avoids the penetration of the flame into the fabric The flame does not pass through the fabric, and because of the fabric passing onto water-cooled roller, any thermal damage of temperature-sensitive synthetic fabrics is avoided.

2 Singeing onto water-cooled roller

In this position, the flame bounces at right angles onto the fabric while the fabric passes onto water-cooled guide roller This position avoids the penetration of the flame into the fabric The flame does not pass through the fabric, and because of the fabric passing onto water-cooled roller, any thermal damage of temperature-sensitive synthetic fabrics is avoided.

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3 Tangential Singeing

In this position, the singeing flame falls on the fabric tangentially The flame touches only the protruding fibres without having any significant contact with the main fabric body This position is usually recommended for very light weight and sensitive fabrics as well as fabrics with broken filaments.

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Essential conditions for good GAS singeing

• Following are three essential conditions for good singeing:

• A flame with high mechanical & thermal energy to quickly burn thermoplastic protruding fibres (e.g polyester) without any molten beads formation

• A homogeneous flame with uniform mechanical & thermal energy to result in uniform singeing

• An optimal flame/fabric contact time to neither result in incomplete not over-singeing.

Important considerations during GAS singeing

• The flame should more bluish (less yellowish) to give the maximum temperature.

• Recommended flame should Control and maintain the length and angle of contact, depending

on the fabric construction, thickness, weight, heat sensitivity, etc.

• Fabric speed should be regulate according to the fabric construction/thickness/weight etc

• The flame should be set to cover just a little more than the fabric width This will ensure

conservation of energy.

• Guide rolls next to the flames or the guide rollers on which flame is directed in case of sensitive fabrics should be cooled, generally by cold water circulating through the guide rollers Otherwise they could become red hot and scorch the fabric.

heat-Essential conditions for good GAS singeing

• Following are three essential conditions for good singeing:

• A flame with high mechanical & thermal energy to quickly burn thermoplastic protruding fibres (e.g polyester) without any molten beads formation

• A homogeneous flame with uniform mechanical & thermal energy to result in uniform singeing

• An optimal flame/fabric contact time to neither result in incomplete not over-singeing.

Important considerations during GAS singeing

• The flame should more bluish (less yellowish) to give the maximum temperature.

• Recommended flame should Control and maintain the length and angle of contact, depending

on the fabric construction, thickness, weight, heat sensitivity, etc.

• Fabric speed should be regulate according to the fabric construction/thickness/weight etc

• The flame should be set to cover just a little more than the fabric width This will ensure

conservation of energy.

• Guide rolls next to the flames or the guide rollers on which flame is directed in case of sensitive fabrics should be cooled, generally by cold water circulating through the guide rollers Otherwise they could become red hot and scorch the fabric 7/30/15

heat-SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Common problems in GAS singeing and their

Advantages of gas

Common problems in GAS singeing and their

Advantages of gas

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

What is an Enzyme?

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Enzymes are proteins, composed of hundred of amino-acids, which are produced by living organisms.

• Each enzyme is a made of a sequence of amino acids (like pearl on a string, picture 1) folded into a unique three-dimensional structure that determines the function of the enzyme.

• Only a small part of the enzyme participates in the catalysis of biochemical reactions: the active site (picture 2) Enzymes are therefore very specific (e.g cellulose can only degrade cellulose).

Enzymes are proteins, composed of hundred of amino-acids, which are produced by living organisms.

• Each enzyme is a made of a sequence of amino acids (like pearl on a string, picture 1) folded into a unique three-dimensional structure that determines the function of the enzyme.

• Only a small part of the enzyme participates in the catalysis of biochemical reactions: the active site (picture 2) Enzymes are therefore very specific (e.g cellulose can only degrade cellulose).

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

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SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Types of enzymes that can be used in cleaning products:

• Proteases act on soils and stains containing proteins Examples are collar & cuff soil-lines, grass, blood.

• Amylases remove starch-based soils and stains, e.g sauces, ice-creams

• Lipases are effective in removing oil / greasy body and food stains

• Cellulases provide general cleaning benefits, especially on dust and mud, and also work on garments

made from cellulosic fibers, minimizing pilling to restore color and softness

• Wash at varying pH levels, from mild to high alkalinity;

• Retain laundering performance in the presence of chemicals such as bleach; builder, surfactant, etc….

• Soften fabrics;

• Brighten their colors;

• Improve whiteness;

• Remove fatty stains at low wash temperatures;

Types of enzymes that can be used in cleaning products:

• Proteases act on soils and stains containing proteins Examples are collar & cuff soil-lines, grass, blood.

• Amylases remove starch-based soils and stains, e.g sauces, ice-creams

• Lipases are effective in removing oil / greasy body and food stains

• Cellulases provide general cleaning benefits, especially on dust and mud, and also work on garments

made from cellulosic fibers, minimizing pilling to restore color and softness

• Wash at varying pH levels, from mild to high alkalinity;

• Retain laundering performance in the presence of chemicals such as bleach; builder, surfactant, etc….