Work study presentation

Presented by:Md.Dhaberul Islam Dabir Single thread chain stitch using one needle thread and one blind lopper Typical uses; Basting, Bag closing, Hat construction, and Buttonsew... Presen

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INTRODUCTION TO

WORK STUDY

Presented by

Southeast University Department of Textile Engineering.

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Name : MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIR

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Presented by:Md.Dhaberul Islam

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Clothing Manufacture

Retailing

Consumer

The Textile pipe line

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Sewing

Finishing

Embroidery Printing Washing

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Merchandising

Planning Accounting

Costing

Stores Work Study Maintenance

Human Resource Sample Room

Quality

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Warehouse

Fa cto

ry

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Job Categories in the RMG sector

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A multi-filament yarn is a filament yarn made from multiple filaments

assembled with or without twist.

Monofilament yarn

A monofilament yarn consists of only a single continuous filament

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Assembled yarns

Two or more yarns which are wound side by side on to the same package, but without twisting around each other, are called assembled yarns.

Folded or plied yarns

Folded or plied yarns are yarns made by twisting together two or more single (and/or folded) yarns of the same or different types.

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“Z” Twist

“S” Twist

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Woven

Woven construction… construction …

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Knit construction…

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Stitch types

As per the ISO classification there are 6 stitch types

Class 100 - Chain Stitch

Each loop is interconnected with the following loop of the same thread

Opposite sides of the seam look different This stitch type can be very easily unpicked by running back from the last stitch to the first The seam is

generally quite extensible It is often used for temporary stitching.

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Single thread chain stitch using one needle thread and one blind lopper

Typical uses; Basting, Bag closing, Hat construction, and Buttonsew

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Formed by single threads being passed completely from one side of the

material to the other The thread is held by the material Originally made by hand, some of them can now also be formed by machine.

Single Thread Hand Stitch Using One Needle Thread Thread

202 class

Typical uses; Basting, Tacking and Repairs

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Single Thread Stitch Using One Needle Thread

Typical uses; "Pick Stitch" Topstitch

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Formed by two different thread systems A needle thread introduced from one side of the material is interlaced with an under thread

supplied from a spool from the other side The stitch is difficult to

unpick and both sides have the same appearance Generally, lock

stitches are less extensible than chain stitch seams This type finds the widest application.

Two or more thread lock stitch using needle threads and one bobbing

thread

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Two thread – Blind stitch

Two Thread Lockstitch Blindstitch Using One Needle Thread and Two Thread Lockstitch Blindstitch Using One Needle Thread and

One Hook (bobbin) Thread

Typical uses; Hemming or Seaming Lining to Shell Fabric

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This also formed from two thread systems The loops of the needle thread are drawn all the way through the material and they are interconnected on the under side by thread supplied from a looper Top and bottom sides have a

different appearance The stitch can easily be unpicked and is quite extensible Special applications are elastic cross-over seams, seams in knitted fabrics and seams which have to be flat.

Multi thread chain stitch using one or more needles thread and one

or more loppers thread

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Two thread – seaming multiple plies with moderate stretch

Two thread chain stitch using one needle thread and one lopper thread

Typical uses; Knit Seaming, Woven Lap-seams, etc

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Three Thread Chainstitch Using Two Needle Threads and One Looper Thread

Typical uses; Knit Seaming, Woven Lap-seams, Coverstitching where

greater stretch is required.

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Overage chain stitches are formed from one or more needle and/or looper

threads Needle thread loops are taken all the way through the material and are interconnected with themselves or with another thread At least one thread system passes around the edge of the material Overage stitches of various

types are used to neaten and to bund the cut edges of woven and knitted

materials.

Multi-Thread OverEdge Chainstitches Using Needle Thread(s)

and Looper Thread(s)

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Four Thread (Overedge) Mock Safety Stitch Using Two Needle and Two Looper Threads

Typical uses; Mock Safety Stitch for Seaming Knits and Woven Fabric.

Stitch has a wide bite and Greater Stretch for bulky Knits

Stitch has high elongation along edge of fabric

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Four Thread Overedge Stitch Using Two Needle and Two Looper Threads

Typical uses; Overedge Stitch for Seaming Bulky Knits Stitch has a wide bite and Greater Stretch for bulky Knits or Loosely Woven Fabrics Stitch has high elongation along the edge of fabric

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Four Thread True Safety Stitch Using Two Needle and Two Looper Threads Stitch combines Fed Class 401 stitch with Fed Class 503 stitch

Typical uses; Overedge Stitch for Seaming Knits or Wovens Stitch has a medium bite and

Moderate Stretch for Seaming on Knits or Woven Fabrics Stitch has medium elongation along the edge of fabric

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Five Thread True Safety Stitch Using Two Needle and Three Looper Threads Stitch combines Fed Class 401 stitch with Fed Class 504 stitch

Typical uses; Overedge Stitch for Seaming Knits or Wovens

Stitch has a medium bite and Moderate Stretch for Seaming on Knits or

Woven Fabrics Stitch has medium elongation along the edge of fabric

with better coverage on the fabric edge

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This stitch type is generally formed from three thread systems The cover threads lie on the top surface and are held in place by the needle threads which in turn are interlaced on the back of the seam by the looper threads They are used specially for making flat extensible seams in knitted fabrics.

Multi-Thread Coverstitches

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Four Thread Cover Stitch Using Two Needle and Two Looper Threads

Typical uses; Cover Stitch for Over-stitching Seams, Seaming Stitch

for Hemming on Knits, Decorative Stitch for Knits and Wovens

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Five Thread Cover Stitch Using Three Needle and Two Looper Threads

Typical uses; Cover Stitch for Over-stitching Seams, Seaming Stitch for Hemming on Knits, High Elongation for Foundation Garments Stitch is used for "Butt-Seams" (Joining Raw Edges Together)

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Six Thread Cover Stitch Using Four Needle and Two Looper Threads

Typical uses; Cover Stitch for Over-stitching Seams, High Elongation for Foundation Garments Stitch is used for "Butt-Seams" (Joining Raw Edges Together)

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Machine types

Flat bed machine

Raised bed machine

Post bed machine

Cylinder bed machine

Side bed machine

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Main Parts of a machine

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Parts of a machine

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Production & Productivity

Production = Output (Products or Services)

Productivity = Output

Input

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Example –

A potter working 8 hours a day produces

400 pots a month using a wood-fired kiln

He sells one pot for $ 2.00.

the method of work he was able to produce

500 pots a month instead of 400 with the same equipment and hours of work His

productivity calculated in terms of number

of pots produced will then have increased

by 25%.

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Let us now assume that as a result he was unable to sell all 500 pots and had to lower his price from $ 2.00 a pot to $ 1.80 a pot

If he wants to asses his productivity gain, the potter may be more interested in using monetary terms rather than simply the

number of pots produced He could then

argue that the value of his output used to

be 400 X $ 2 = $ 800 a month and is now

500 X $ 1.80 = $ 900 a month.

His input has not changed Hence his

productivity gain is $(900 – 800) = 12.50%

$ 800

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What are the Inputs?

that can be converted in to products.

electricity, gas, oil, solar power etc.

for operational activities, transport, heating, air conditioning, office equipment etc.

people who are trained to perform operational activities

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The task of Management

The Management of an enterprise is responsible for seeing that all the INPUTS mentioned above are combined in the best possible way to achieve the maximum productivity

Land & building

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Output

Quality Cost Delivery

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Do

1 Instruction, communication, education.

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to take out a material in need quickly.

Keep tools or equipment in a constantly clean condition to create

a neatly arranged work place.

Maintain the environment in which everything is clearly observed by retaining seiri, seiton & seiso.

Train workers so they control themselves to carry out predetermined activities in a predetermined manner.

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The “Johari Window”

Personal awareness divided into four different types

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Cost & Price of a garment

Price

Total cost

Profit

Total operational cost

General overheads and

administration

cost

Prime cost

Operational overheads

Direct

labor

Direct

materials

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Productivity & Work Study

Definition of Work Study –

Work Study is the systematic

examination of the methods of

carrying on activities so as to improve the effective use of resources and to set up standards of performance for the activities being carried out.

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Objectives of Work Study

- Simplify or modify the operation to reduce unnecessary work

 Increase production and productivity

 Setting time standards

 Reduce cost by most effective usage of inputs

 Improvement of conditions, which involve an element of

excessive fatigue or danger

 Improve quality

 Evaluation of human work

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How the total time of a job is made up

Basic work content of product

and operation.

Ineffective time resulting from human resources

utilization (A)

Basic work content Total ineffective time

Total time of operation under existing conditions

Basic work content – is the irreducible minimum time theoretically required to produce

one unit of out put

A – Poor design and frequent design changes / Waste of materials / Incorrect quality standards.

B - Poor layout & utilization of space / Inadequate materials handling / Frequent

stoppages as production changes from one product to another / Ineffective method

of work / Poor planning of inventory / Frequent breakdown of machines &

equipments.

C – Absenteeism & lateness / Poor workmanship / Accidents & occupational hazards.

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Waste of materials

Poor planning of inventory

Basic work content

Poor layout & utilization

of space

Poor design & frequent design changes

Incorrect quality standards

work

Absenteeism & lateness

Accidents & occupational

hazards Poor workmanship

Proper materials utilization – reduces & utilizes waste

Inventory control – defines appropriate & most

economical inventory levels

Better layout & process planning – reduces unnecessary

Preventive maintenance – ensures long life & continuous

run of machines & equipments

Production planning & control – reduces ineffective time Method study of an activity – reduces work content due

to Poor methods of work

Proper management & personnel policy – can create a

satisfying working environment

Better working conditions – improves morale & reduces

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Why Work Study is valuable?

1. It is a means of raising the productivity of a plant or

operating unit by the re organization of work, a method which normally involves little or no capital expenditure on facilities & equipment

2. It is systematic This ensures that no factor effecting the

efficiency of an operation is overlooked, whether in

analyzing the original practices or in developing the new, and that all the facts about the operation are available

3. It is the most accurate means yet evolved of setting

standards of performance, on which the effective planning

& control of production depends

4. It can contribute to the improvement of safety & working

conditions at work by exposing hazardous operations & developing safer methods of performing operations

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Why Work Study is valuable?

5. The savings resulting from properly applied work study

start at once and continue as long as the operation

continues in the improved form

6. It is a “tool” which can be applied everywhere It can be

used with success wherever work is done or plant is

operated, not only in manufacturing shops but also in

offices, stores, laboratories and service industries such as wholesale & retail distribution & restaurants, and on

farms

7. It is relatively cheap & easy to apply

8. It is one of the most penetrating tools of investigation

available to management This makes it an excellent

weapon for starting an attack on inefficiency in any

organization since, in investigating one set of problems, the weaknesses of all the other functions affecting them will gradually be laid bare

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History of Work Study

 Walter of Henley (13th century)

Henley was the first practitioner of Work Study He was an English farmer He studied about farming methods & how to improve them He wrote a letter to his son describing how to improve farming methods

 Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1915)

Taylor, was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency He is regarded as the “Father of scientific management”, and was one of the first management consultants He broke the job into elements and timed these with stopwatch Based on these times he worked out a

bonus system His major principle was “a fair days work for a fair days pay”.

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