Mill training report viyellatex dyeing

Job Description of P.O & S.P.O: Job title: Production officer & Senior Production officer Report to: Production Manager Purpose: To control shift according to the plan made by the produc

First of all, our gratefulness goes to Almighty Allah who gave us strength and ability to completethe industrial training and prepare this report; may your name be exalted, honored & glorified

We are highly delighted to express our regards & gratitude to honorable Vice-Chancellor Prof

Dr Nitai Chandra Sutradhar & Prof Dr Md Zulhash Uddin; Dean, Faculty of Textile

Chemical Processing Engineering & Applied Science, for providing us the opportunity tocomplete our industrial attachment with Viyellatex Group

Our heartiest gratitude to our supervising teacher, Mrs Sharfun Nahar Arju; Head,

Department of Wet Processing Engineering to whom we are extremely indebted for her

tremendous support and guidance throughout our training period, without her help it would nothave been possible to complete the training successfully

We also take the opportunity to express our sincere thanks to the management, administration

& personnel of Viyellatex Group for giving us permission to complete our training period inthis industry

We are really grateful to our industrial coordinator Engr Dewan Mahbub Kamran, ExecutiveDyeing, Viyellatex Group for his encouragement, inspiration, support, supervision, special care

& co-operation during training period

We would also like to thank specially Engr Faridul Hasan, Executive Dyeing and also Engr

Mr Mahmud, Engr Mr Arif, Engr Mr Faisal, Engr Mr Fayez for their Cordial

Cooperation during the intern period

Above all, we would like to acknowledge our deep debt to all teachers of our university &particularly of Wet Processing Department for their kind inspiration & help, which remain as thebackdrop of all our efforts

By means of practical knowledge it is possible to apply the theoretical knowledge in the

practical field For any technical education practical experience is almost equally important inassociation with the theoretical knowledge

The industrial attachment is the process which builds understanding skill and attitude of theperformer, which improves his/her knowledge in boosting productivity and services Academiceducation provides us vast theoretical knowledge as well as more practical attachment, despiteall these industrial attachment help us to be familiar with the technical support of modernmachinery, skill ness about various operation stages

It also provides us sufficient practical knowledge about production management, Productivityevaluation, work study, efficiency, industrial management, production planning & control,production cost analysis, inventory management, purchasing, utility & maintenance of

machinery and their operation techniques etc The above mentioned cannot be achieved

successfully by means of theoretical knowledge only This is why it should be accomplished withpractical knowledge in which it is based on industrial attachment makes us reliable to be

accustomed with the industrial atmosphere & improve courage & inspiration to take responsibility

self-At Viyellatex Limited, cutting-edge technologies merge seamlessly with human ingenuity anddeep seat recommitment to ensure excellence in every stage and area of their activities Fromfiber to fabric, Viyellatex Limited is truly integrated undertaking The Viyellatex Limited has thecapability to offer a complete product range for the export textile markets The goal of

Viyellatex Limited is to become the preferred partner for sourcing high quality fabrics andclothing from Bangladesh with highly advanced technology and an emphasis on developing localhuman resources

Project description

Company Name: Viyellatex group ltd.

Status: Private Ltd Company

Type: 100% Export oriented composite knit Dyeing Industry

Sponsor: Mr Rezaul Hasnat

Annual Production Capacity for dyeing: 75000tons

Chief Value Cotton (CVC)

Polyester Cotton blend

Gray mélange (15% Viscose 85% cotton

10% Viscose 90% cotton

30% Viscose 70% cotton)

Ash mélange (1% Viscose 99% cotton)

of establishment: 2001

Factory:297, Khortoil, Tongi, Gazipur- 1712

Head office: 297, Khortoil, Tongi, Gazipur- 1712

Telephone no +880-2- 9813001Fax No +880-2-9811400www.viyellatexgroup.com

20 million $ for dyeing and finishing in the year 2008.Website:

 Project cost:

Sections of Viyellatex:

Garments Section Maintenance Section

Store Section

Location from Dhaka:

Masco Industries Ltd.

KAI Alluminim Co.Ltd.

ViyellaTex

FH Fabrics Ltd.

SMP Design Pvt Ltd.

Gajipura

Tongi Dhaka-Mymensingh Highway

Physical Infrastructure:

Viyellatex Group is a Knit Composite Garments Manufacturer & Exporter, having all state of the

art facilities with the annual turnover US$ 106.6 Million (2006-2007) They have different types

of Knitting, Dyeing, Cutting, Sewing, and Finishing machines supplied by mostly Germany,

Japan, Taiwan, China, U.K, U.S.A, Singapore, etc which are very latest It has high production

where 30 tons of dyed and finished fabrics are produced per day The production is controlled

by technical persons All of the decision makers of production sector in Viyellatex Group are

textiles graduates All the chemicals and dyes use for dyeing and finishing are well branded

They produce product for their buyer and client coming from international market like U.K,

Sweden, Netherland, France, U.S.A, Germany and Spain Their customer profile is big and top

end such as Esprit, M&S, S-Oliver, Puma, G-star, Gap, Tesco and Grew waver etc They follow

all the system for their machines maintenance so production cannot hamper

The mill is built in such a way that there is possibility for further expansion of the mill The

structure such as mill, office buildings, record rooms, guard room etc are made of solid hard

concrete & brick materials The whole area is surrounded by safety brick wall The main set

up for m/c‘s are built of corrugated iron & iron sheet, transparent hard plastics with enough

ventilation & scope for passing light & air Dyeing, finishing and knitting section have shade

roof The garments section is in corporate building The mill has water treatment plant and

BoardBazar

Dhaka

effluent treatment plant also.it has a large canteen with facilities for 6000 employer The millhas official quarter for higher rank officers, which is build the previous year.

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Vision: To be the most regarded company in Bangladesh by 2015

Mission:

We strive to provide quality services on time, based on best practices for the

satisfaction of our Partners & Stakeholders We foster friendly working environment throughopen communication and mutual respect We encourage initiative, innovation and teamwork.Workers welfare and right is our premier focus We are committed for cleaner and greenerenvironment We are driven by our responsibility to the society as a Corporate Body

Major buyers of Viyellatex Group:

Business Achievement of the Group:

Corporate Social Responsibility Commitments:

Execute business with transparency and integrity

Comply with all legal requirements to conduct business

Emphasizing and rewarding for better job

To become environment friendly as much as possible

Emphasizing on the up-liftment of the community around the company

Focusing on improved service to the customers and stakeholders

Social contribution:



Green (Environment) initiative:

Viyellatex is most renowned environment friendly textile production facility in the world.Our renowned environment initiatives have been well recognized not only by other internationalbusiness organization but also by World Bank & Asian Development Bank as well

Our few exemplary initiatives:

underground water and saving extra chemicals of water softening

5 MW gas generator exhaust used in co-generation chiller to support 750 MT of aircooling in the Viyellatex Spinning Mill Also in the fabric plant, it is planning to use 3MWgenerator exhaust in the Boiler Both technology saves substantial energy and reducedcarbon emission

Re-condensed steam water is being transported to the boiler feeder tank which

increases the temperature by 15-20C, saves hefty energy and minimizes global

warming



Per year approx 50 Tons of food residue created during lunch of 7000 employees, arebeing used to develop natural fertilizer and being distributed among the neighboringfarmers at free of cost- an initiative which avoids environment pollution and supportsthe community.

Instead of air condition Viyellatex installed Energy Saving Evaporating Cooling System toapparel production floors

Viyellatex is constantly doing projects with International Partners to develop

eco-friendly textile products It did the Carbon foot print project to minimize the carbonemission in the wet processing with the assistance of world recognize company BASF.Became self-reliant in the society & unique return for any business group of Bangladesh

Manpower management

Viyellatex Group contains a no of departments and each department is controlled by a chief

operating officer The board of directors maintains control on overall departments Viyellatex

limited possess a strong management system and all the activities are done in efficient way and

Mr K M Rezaul Hasanat, Chairman & CEO

Mr Ahasan Kabir Khan, Vice ChairmanMrs Kaniz Fatema Zareen, DirectorAmina Salima Khan, Director

Organogram of Viyellatex Group:

BUs Head of Viyellatex:

Mr Md Sharif Dad Khan

Mr Kazi Shahidul Karim

Mr Ruhul Amin Chowdhury

Director

MD & COO, GDL

MD & COO, FPPLCOO, Viyellatex GarmentsCOO, Viyellatex FabricsCOO, Interfab

COO, Ruthna Tea EstateDGM, VSL

DGM, Commercial, VGHead of ISS

Organogram of Knitting department:

Sr Fitter / Fitter

Sr Executive (Prodn, Plan & Sample) KnittingMaster/Executive

(Flat) Asst Fitter

Needle man

Servicing man

Servicing helper

Store Asst

(Grey Fabric)

BatchHelper/Loade

Executive/Jr Executive(Prodn, Plan & Sample) Sr Fitter / Fitter

Operator/Asst

Operator

Helper

Sr Supervisor/ Supervisor

Sr.Operator/ Operator

Asst operator

Samplesupervisor

Sample asst

Production Helper

Jr Executive

Sr Supervisor/ Supervisor

Organogram of finishing:



To give dyeing program slip.

To match production sample with target shade

To collect production sample for sample matching next production

To observe dyed fabric during finishing running & also after finishing

To identify disputed fabrics & report to P.M/G.M for necessary actions

To discuss with P.M about overall production if necessary

To sign the store requisition & delivery challan in the absence of P.M

Also to execute overall floor works

To maintain loading/unloading khata

Any other assignment given by higher authority

Job Description of P.O & S.P.O:

Job title: Production officer & Senior Production officer

Report to: Production Manager

Purpose:

To control shift according to the plan made by the production manager

Territory:

Dyeing section (major)

Batching and Finishing section (minor)

Nature and Scope:

Responsible for the production during his own shift with good quality and minimum time

Environment:

Production officer has to work under huge stress He has to work in acute heat under physicaland mental pressure Also he has to work in acute heat all the year round

Job Description of Production Officer:

Report To: Sr production officer

Overall supervision of dyeing, finishing production

Batch preparation & PH check

Dyes & chemical requisition issue & check

Write fabrics loading & loading time from m/c

Program making, sample checking, color management

Control the supervisors, operator, asst operator & helpers of dyeing m/c

And also any other work as & when required by the management

Job Description of Sr Production Officer:

Report To: P.M (production)

Overall supervision of dyeing, finishing production

Checks the different log books of different areas & report to management

Checks the sensitive parameters of different machine for smooth dyeing

Checks out the plan to control the best output from supervisor & workers

To trained up & motive the subordinates how to improve the quality production.Maintenance of machine & equipment Any other works & when required by themanagement

Control the supervisors, operator, asst operator & helpers of dyeing m/c

Process flow chart for knitting:

Yarn in package form 

Place the package yarn in the yarn 

Feeding the yarn 

Set the machine as per design & GSM 

Knitting Withdraw the roll fabric and weighing 

Roll marking  Inspection  Numbering

PolyesterLycra

CVC (Cotton + Polyester)

PC (Polyester + Cotton)

Mélange (Cotton + Viscose)

White/Ecru Mélange (Dyed fiber – 0.2-2.0%) Grey Mélange (Dyed fiber – 2.0-15.0%)

Anthra Mélange (Dyed fiber – 15.0-30.0%)

Polyester yarn – 75,100,150 DenierLycra yarn– 20,30,40,50,70 Denier

Sources of yarn:

1 Cotton (Both Carded & Combed)

- Viyellatex Spinning Limited

Auto striper (Rib)

Flatbed knitting machine

Fabric inspection machine

Quantity35101906022503

Brands of the machine:

Specification of different types of machine:

Single Jersey machine:

Brand name: Pai Lung

Auto Striper machine:

Brand name: Pai Lung

Fabric Inspection machine:

Brand: Uzu cloth inspection machine

Manufacturer: AATPR Industry Co Ltd

Model: UZ 900-3

Origin: Thailand

Double Jersey machine:

Brand name: Pai LungOrigin: TaiwanModel: PL XRA CEFeeder: 76

Gauge: 18Diameter: 38‖

No of needle: 2124Machine speed: Up to 24 rpm

Flat Bed Knitting machine:

Brand name: MatsuyaOrigin: Japan

Model: M-100Feeder: 6Gauge: 14Head: 2Bed length: 102‖

Different parts of the machine:

1 Start/Stop/Inch buttons: This set of buttons is used to start/stop/slow running of

machine

2 Ratchet lever: This lever permit the hand movement of the machine

3 Auto stop motion: Automatic three stages 24v yarn motion, positive feed tapes &

knitting zone Indicator lamps are on individual stop motions & on the main control panel While the yarn is broken we can find the location which is broken as well as to repair, meanwhile the motor can brake and stop operation at once to keep the security

of the machine

4 Side creel: For each feed, there are two cones of yarn on the creel

5 Tensioning device: The yarn goes to the feeder of the machine from the creel through different tensioning devices These devices are used to maintain the proper tension of the yarn

6 Feeder: Feeder is used to feed the yarn

7 VDQ pulley: This is one of the important parts of the machine Through VDQ pulley, the GSM of the fabric is controlled If the value of the VDQ pulley is increased, then the loop

length of the fabric will be less and the GSM of the fabric will be high Vice versa for make low GSM fabric.

8 Auto counter: Two shift revolution with display counter with predetermined stop, to settle freely the weight or yardage of fabric

9 Variable speed drive with machine break: Transistor inverter provided for free

controlled, the process of ―V.S motor-drive‖ from slow operation to normal operation

is quite & fast brake to prevent damages in case of needles or yarn breakage

10 Fabric take up system: With variable speed control by a belt drive set canbe adjusted the speed for different course of fabric-constant and uniform fabric tension

Points should be considered for GSM changing:

Cam arrangement changing

Needle butt setting & needle dropping

Using of different colors in selected feeder

Using of jacquard mechanism

Size of the loop shape

Recommended points of buyer:

When a buyer orders for fabric then they mention some points related to production andquality Before production of knitted fabric, these factors are needed to consider Those are asfollows-

Diameter of the fabric

Design of the fabric

End products of the knitting machine:

1 Single Jersey machine:

- Fleece (Three thread)

- Terry Fleece (Two thread)

2 Double Jersey machine:

-Machine DiameterMachine rpm (revolutions per minute)

No of feeds or feeders in useMachine Gauge

Count of yarnRequired time (Machine running time)Machine running efficiency

Production calculation:

1 Production/shift in kg at 100% efficiency:

RPM No of Feeder No of Needle SL(mm) 60 12 10 2.54 36 840 2.2046 Yarn count       

RPM No of Feeder No of Needle SL(mm)  

3 Fabric width in meter:

Total no of wales

Methods of increasing production:

There are few ways of increasing production of the machine –

1 By increasing m/c speed: Higher the m/c speed faster the movement of needle and ultimately production will be increased

2 By increasing the number of feeder:

If the number of feeder is increased in the circumference of cylinder, then the number

of courses will be increased in one revolution at a time

3 By using machine of higher gauge:

The more the machine gauge, the more the production is So by using machine of higher gauge, production can be increased

4 By imposing automation in the m/c:

a) Quick starting & stopping for efficient driving system

b) Automatic m/c lubrication system for smoother operation

c) Photo electric fabric fault detector

5 By imposing other developments:

a) Using creel-feeding system

b) Applying yarn supply through plastic tube that eliminates the possibilities of yarn damage

c) Using yarn feed control device

d) Using auto lint removal

Commonly found fabric faults in the Knitting floor:

Needle mark:



Appearance: Spot of line is found at wales direction

Causes:

 Due to decayed needle

 Due to bended needle

 Due to old needle

 Due to decayed sinker

 Due to faulty adjustment of sinker with sinker cam

Remedies:

 Change the sinker

 Make necessary adjustments of sinker with sinker cam as required

Hole:



Appearance: Hole on the fabric

Causes:

 If needle latch is not working properly

 Due to uneven tension

 Due to needle head breakage

 Due to improper cam setting

Remedies:

 Change the needle

 Adjust the tension as required

 Adjust cam setting properly

Loop:



Appearance: As like small size holes

Causes:

 Due to uneven tension

 If cam box is loose, during the cam box setting

 Any type of problem is occurred in m/c setting

Remedies:

 Change the needle & sinker

 Adjust the tension as required

Baree Mark/Patta:



Appearance: Found stripe effect towards the coarse on knit fabric

Causes:

 If yarns of different lot are mixing together

 If different counts of yarn are mixing together

 Yarn quality should be good

 Yarn testing should be done very carefully

Thick & Thin Place:



Appearance: Higher & lower counts of yarn are knitted at a time

Causes:

 Due to using of different counts of yarn during knitting

 Due to irregular yarn dia

 Due to excessive bleeding of oil in the m/c.

 If there is any type of problem in needle & sinker, oil can be bled on the fabric Remedies:

 Change the faulty needle & sinker

 Machine should be cleaned time to time

Pin Hole:



Appearance: Small size of hole as like pin

Causes:

 Due to wrong adjustment of cam box

 If the yarn quality is low especially yarn with less strength causes pin hole in the fabric

Remedies:

 Make required adjustment of cam box

 Use high quality yarn

 Operator should be more cautious to make necessary adjustment or replacement

or joining the yarn

Batch Quantity = Total required quantity X Dia Quantity/ Total quantity

Batch Ratio = Total batch quantity + total parts/ Batch Quantity

Batch distribution:

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

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Batch is distributed according to nozzle capacity

During distribution maximum equilibrium of different parts is taken into consideration.Lycra fabrics are slit-cut to heat-set That‘s why before dyeing they need to re-sewn.This is done by ‗Bag-sewing‘ machine

Tubular fabrics are turned into their backside by turning machine

-To receive the grey fabric roll from knitting section or other source

Turn the grey fabric if required

To prepare the batch of fabric for dyeing according to the following criteria – Order sheet (Received from buyer)

Dyeing shade (color or white, light or dark)

M/C capacity

M/C available

Type of fabrics(100% cotton, PE, PC, CVC)

Emergency

To send the grey fabric to the dyeing floor with batch card

To keep records for every previous dyeing

use maximum capacity of existing dyeing m/c

minimize the washing time or preparation time & m/c stoppage time

keep the no of batch as less as possible for same shade

use a particular m/c for dyeing same shade

Batch management:

Primarily batching is done by dyeing manager taking the above criteria under

consideration Batch section in charge receives this primary batch plan from dyeing manager.Sometime planning is adjusted according to m/c condition or emergency

Machines used in Batching:

1 Bag Sewing machine: There are total 2 sewing machines—

Brand: Juki,

Model: G39/0141

Power: 10A, 230V

Type: 2 Needle 2 Looper chain stitches 1

Needle 2 looper in use

Origin: Japan

Brand: Pegasus,Model: M7S2-181Specification: 2 Needle 4 Loopers 1 Needle 2Looper in use

Device: BT/88Origin: Japan

2 Turning machine: There are two turning machines also Both of them have same

Layout plan of dyeing floor

Number of machine:

Turning machine: 02

Bulk dyeing machine: 15

Sample dyeing machine:

There are two brands of dyeing machine used in Viyellatex They are:

1 Fong‘s

2 Thies

Fong‘s machines are from China and Thies machines are from Germany

Number of Fong‘s Machine:

Total length of dyeing floor: 412 feet

Total width of dyeing floor: 34 feet

Area of the dyeing floor: 412×34 = 14008 square feet

Production per day:

Bulk machine specification

FarbavesselECOSOFTPLUSFarbavesselECOSOFTPLUSFarbavesselECOSOFTPLUSECO 61TECO 61TECO 61THSJ-4THSJ-3THSJ-SR-2THSJ-SR-6THSJ-SRHSJ-SR

Year of Mfg

200320042003

200220022002200520052005200720072007200720072007

Origin

ChinaGermanyGermany

GermanyGermanyGermanyChinaChinaChinaChinaChinaChinaChinaChinaChina

Capacity Kg50010001000

250500750200250750112084056016808401120

No ofNozzle

244

123113432634

Maxm

temp

0C140140140

140140140140140140140140140140140140

Maxm

Pressure Dimension KPa(inch)

380550550

550550550380380380350350350350350350

12×1820×1820×18

12×1814×1816×189×189×1820×1821×1818×1815×1833×1818×1824×18

Sample machine specification

Year of Mfg

2003200220052005200620072007

OriginChinaGermanyChinaChinaChinaChinaChina

Capacity Kg 252530120306060

Maximum Maximum Temp.Pressure

0CKPa 140400140140140140140140

350400400350350350

Dimension (Inch)9×136×133.5×116×164×114×154×15

MACHINE DESCRIPTION

Technology of the dyeing machine:

Viyellatex dyeing unit used special types of dyeing machine In these machine, the Jet and Winch

technology is combined i.e during dyeing, dye liquor circulate through the machine like jet dyeing

machine also the fabric is circulated through the winch as like winch dyeing machine This

combination is made for better dyeing of the fabric

Main parts of dyeing machine:

The main parts of the dyeing machine

The description of the main parts of the machine is as follows –

Main tank:

Main tank is the largest part of the dyeing machine This is the main dye bath which contains thedye liquor & the fabric The size of the tank depends on the capacity of the machine Liquor &fabric circulates in the main tank during dyeing process There may have different number ofnozzle connected to main tank according to the machine capacity Each nozzle may handle 300-900m of fabric

Fig: Main TankReserve/PT tank:

This tank is mainly used for storage of hot water that will be used for the dyeing of fabric Thetemperature of water in the P.T tank is maximum 800C By using this hot water in the machineduring dyeing there is a reduction of time for heating the water in the main tank which results inthe reduction of total dyeing time

Additional/Mixing tank:

This tank is mainly used for storage of hot water that will be used for the dyeing of fabric Thetemperature of water in the P.T tank is maximum 800C By using this hot water in the machineduring dyeing there is a reduction of time for heating the water in the main tank which results inthe reduction of total dyeing time

Fig: Mixing tankMain pump:

This is one of the essential parts of the dyeing machine This is used for displacing of dye bathliquor causing a flow from main tank to heat exchanger through filter That means the pumpensures the liquor circulation throughout the dyeing process

Heat exchanger:

During the different stage of dyeing (also pre-treatment, after-treatment), there is a need ofincreasing or decreasing the temperature of dye liquor gradually We cannot use liquor ofrequired final temperature directly because there may be possibilities of thermal shocking of thefabric So, the temperature should be increased or decreased in a controlled manner Thiscontrolling is done by heat exchanger Actually it is an indirect heater During the circulation ofdye bath liquor, the liquor passes through the heat exchanger

Mechanism of Heat-exchanger:

1 Heat-exchanger consists of no of tubes surrounded by a shell body

2 Two fluids of different temperature flow through the heat exchanger The fluids can be either gas or liquid on either the shell side or the tube side

3 One flows through the tube other flows through the shell

4 The temperature of the two fluids is different, so transfer of heat occurs from one fluid to another through shell

Figure: Mechanism of Heat exchanger Figure: Heat exchanger

5 The fluids which flow through the tubes come in and pass out from the heat-exchanger on

the same side On the other hand the fluid used in shell comes in and pass out from the

different side of the shell

Filter:

During the treatment of fabric in the machine, lots of lose fiber is produced from the fabric To

eliminate these lose fibers, filter is used It also reduces the lose fibers loads from the fabric If

the lose fibers are not eliminated, then the running of fabric is disturbed & entanglement can be

occurred

Ways of Liquor Flow from Additional Tank:

Liquor from additional tank flow to the main tank is mainly done in two ways They are –

1 Inject: In this system, all amounts of liquor flows directly to the main tank at a time This

is done when the chemicals need to pass at short time This system ensures high rate of

flow of the liquid

2 Dosing: In this system, the liquor does not pass to the main tank at a time There are few

chemicals which have very severe action to the fabric if it flows directly like sodium

hydroxide (NaOH) These chemicals pass to the main tank in an increasing or decreasing

way with time so that the harsh effect of these chemicals is minimized There are three

3 types of dosing:

- Linear Dosing - Progressive Dosing - Decreasive Dosing

Linear dosing Progressive dosing Decreasive dosingLiquor circulation system:

During the treatment of fabric, the liquor is circulated throughout the machine At first, therequired amount of liquor is taken in the main tank Then the liquor goes to the filter throughpump and then it goes to the heat-exchanger From the heat-exchanger, the liquor goes to themain tank through nozzle The schematic diagram of liquor circulation system is given below-

Figure: Liquor circulation system

Types of machine according to temperature:



 Atmospheric machineHigh temperature machine

There are one atmospheric machine of Fong‘s brand in Viyellatex Others are high

temperature machine (both Fong‘s and Thies) Also there are special types of high

temperature machine used in Viyellatex named as Fong‘s High Speed Jumbo (HSJ) Machine.Features of Fong‘s atmospheric machine:

Two standard nozzle sizes with sufficiently large diameter are available

Circulation pump is sized for heavy fabric

Production capacity: 500 kg maximum per batch

Maximum temperature: 98o C

Maximum pressure: 1 atm

Figure: Fong‘s atmospheric machineFeatures of high temperature machine (Both Thies & Fong‘s):

Nozzle lead gets interlocked after temperature exceeds 800C

Loading per nozzle 250kg

Design pressure: 350-550kpa

Design Temp : 1400C

Hydraulic Test Pressure: 585Kpa

Manufacturer: Germany (Thies), China (Fong‘s)

No of nozzles: 1-8

Figure: High temperature machineFeatures of Fong‘s High Speed Jumbo (HSJ) machine:

Dissolution pumps for proper circulation of liquor

safety valve test:350kpa

Maximum fabric speed: 400 m/min

Maximum working temperature: 140 °C

Figure: Fong‘s high speed jumbo machine