Lịch sử Việt Nam qua ô chữ

Ong que Thanh Hoa, la ngiidi Viet d^u tien cua nxidc ta dau trang nguyen thdi nha Dufdng, c6 bai thd May trdng rgi bien xanh.. Trong thdi ky nay diidc xem la giai doan xac lap, cung c6'

N H A X U A T B A N MONG B A N D O C GOP Y K I E N , P H E B I N H

9(V):(098)

132 - 2009 QDND - 2009

Cudn sdch Lich svi Viet Nam qua 6 chit bao qudt todn bo

tien trinh lich sit Viet Nam til khdi thuy den nay vdi kien

thitc cd ban nhdt, di hieu nhdt vd phdt huy diidc tit duy cua minh Cudn sdch dUOc chia thdnh hai phdn: Phdn hoi kem 6

chit trdng vd phdn dap dn gor^i 6 chit hodn chinh titcfng itng vdi phdn hoi Ket cdu cu the chung nhdt cua hai phdn hoi vd ddp nhit sau:

Chitcfng mot: Theo dbng lich sit (thdi nguyen thuy den nay)

ChitcMg hai: Nhdn vat lich sic (de cap den nhitng nhdn vat CO dnh hiidng Idn trong lich sit Viet Nam cdkim)

Chitcfng ba: Lich sit tdng hap (gom kien thitc vi lich sit Viet Nam xen Idn xita vd nay)

Dieu ddc biet quan trong d ddy Id todn bo lich sit Viet Nam deu ditcfc the hien ditdi dang 6 chit Thong qua cdc cdu

hoi ve lich Viet Nam, ngiXdi doc, hoc s J" Viet se giai dap

len 6 chit trong vd co thedoi chie'u vdi phdn dap an

Hy vgng thong qua cuon sdch Lick sue Viet Nam qua 6 chut

se giup cho doc gid, triidc het Id nhi/ng hoc sinh, sinh vien,

thanh nien - titcfng lai cua nitdc nhd se them yeu, them quy

vd trdn trong nhvtng trang vdng lich sit cha ong dd ddy cong

xdy ditng deed ditgc nhit ngdy hom nay , , ,, ^

Ldn ddu tien sdch ra mat ban doc, mac dii chung toi

dd rat co gang nhitng khong trdnh khoi nhiJtng thie'u sot

Rat mong ban doc gap y kien, phe binh de ldn xudt ban sau

cuon sdch ditOc hodn thien hcfn

Xin trdn trong gidi thieu ciing ban doc!

Mot solitu y khi gidi 6 chit:

1 O chQ dang mci ngang, t i m doc hoac mci doc, t i m ngang: Tiic la giai cac 6 chii hang ngang (hoac hang doc) se

t i m dUdc ta khoa hang doc (hoac hang ngang) H a n g doc

(hoac hang ngang) la hang 6 s^m mau."

2 6 chijt dang vuong: O chQ dang nay giai h a n g ngang

l a i giai tiep h a n g doc Sau k h i giai difdc 6 chut h a n g ngang

se CO n h i e u cd sci de giai 6 hang doc 6 chi3 dang vuong

k h o n g CO tijf khoa can t i m

3 O chut t i i khoa: Sau k h i giai cac 6 chii hang ngang hoac

6 chut hang doc (tuy yeu cau cu the c6 ghi chii ro) ngiidi giai

se sap xep cac tii t i m diidc trong cac 6 skm m a u de tao t h a n h

tu: khoa theo yeu cau cau hoi tuf khoa

PHANHOI

ChUdng mot

THEO DONG LJCH Sir

1 THdl NGUYfiN THUY : '

Thdi dai nguyen t h u y each ngay nay khoang h a i t r i e u

n a m den trifcic k h i c6 N h a niJ6c dau tien D a t nif6c t a t\l

hao la mot t r o n g nhiJng cai noi x u a t hien loai ngifdi v6i

n h i i n g dau vet ngifdi viidn t i m thay trong cac hang T h a m

H a i , T h a m K h u y e n (Lang Sdn)

Trong thdi dai nay con ngiidi t r a i qua cac thdi k y do da

cu, do da m6i va sd k y do do^ig D i e m mat dat ten cac nen van hoa do da c6 m a t t r e n dat nifdc t a khong dau tieu bieu hdn van hoa n i i i Do, v a n hoa Sdn V i , van hoa Hoa B i n h ,

v a n hoa B^c Sdn, van hoa H a Long, v a n hoa Bau Tro O m6i nen v a n hoa da cu hoac v a n hoa da m6i t h a y diidc siJ phat t r i e n t i n h t i e n cua xa hoi loai ngiJdi tvt do da ghe deo

tho sd den k y t h u a t m a i mot mat, h a i mat, r o i s\l r a ddi

nen nong nghiep sd k h a i , k y t h u a t l a m do gom danh dau ngiidi nguyen t h u y dang dat mot bii6c chan vao ngUdng c^a cua nen van m i n h

1. Ddn vi to chiJtc xa hoi cua con ngifdi trong thdi ky

nguyen thuy gom vai chuc gia dinh c6 ba the he cting

huyet toe song v6i nhau

2 Lam ra, tao ra cac vat dung t i i nguyen vat Heu (vi

du t\i da)

^, 3 Niii thuoc Thanh Hoa c6 di ehi xiicing ehe tac cong eu

cua ngiidi nguyen thtiy

4 Ddn vi to chiic xa hoi thdi ky nguyen thuy gom nhieu

bao toe va t h i toe song canh nhau

^ 5 6 thiidng xuyen tai mot ndi nao do (vi du nhii ngiidi

Hoa Binh song trong hang dong, mai da)

6 Day con dUde goi la ngifdi toi co, song each day 4

trieu nam den 50 - 40 van nam, ehiia loai bo het dau tich

viidn tren ngiidi

7 CM dan van hoa Bic Sdn da biet lam vat dung t\i dat nay

Hang doc: H i n h t h a i k i n h te nguyen thuy t h u \\idm

nhuTng hoa q u a c6 s a n trong t h i e n n h i e n de s i n h song

1. Con vat diidc loai ngiidi thuan hoa s6m nhat

2 Theo Ph Angghen t h i viee phat minh ra thii nay

da "khien con ngiidi Ian dau tien chi phoi diJdc lUe lUdng t i i nhien va do do da tach hSn, con ngifdi ra khoi gi6i dong

vat" (Chong Duyrinh)

3 Nen van hoa da eii phat hien tai Phii Tho Nien dai

each ngay nay khoang 3 van nam den 1,1 van nam, c6 cong

eu da cuoi la dac triJng tieu bieu

4 Che do xa hoi ci giai doan dau eua cong xa t h i toe, trong do ngiidi me co quyen hanh cao trong gia dinh va

xa hoi

5 K h i san xuat phat trien, cung ten, lao ra ddi, ngiidi

nguyen thuy tien tiif hinh thiic san hit, hai lUdm sang hinh

thijfc , hai liidm

6 Van hoa cuoi thdi dai do da mdi, dia ban phan bo la

vung bd bien Quang Ninh, Hai Phong

7 Nen van hoa da mdi nay c6 nien dai each ngay nay

1,7 van nam den 7.500 nam da xuat hien nen nong nghiep

sd khai

8 Nen van hoa thuoc vung bien Quang Ngai thuoc thdi

dai do sit, nien dai khoang nam 1.000 tr.CN den nam 200

9 Chu nhan nen van hoa da m6i ven bien Nghe An,

lay diep, so lam thiife an chinh

T\i k h o a : Nen v a n hoa r a ddi t\i v a n hoa Hoa B i n h , thuoc

v a n hoa da mdi c6 go'm sd k y , loai r i u m a i \\idi la dac trtfng

c u a v a n hoa nay

2 V A N M I N H V A N L A N G - A U L A C

Khai quat: Thdi van minh Van Lang - Au Lac trong lich

svL nxidc ta tiidng ling vdi thdi dai Hung Vifdng (vdi 18 ddi

theo tUdng truyen) va thdi Thuc Phan An Diidng Vifdng Van

minh Van Lang - Au Lac con diidc goi la van minh Song

Hong va thdi dai nay tiidng ilng vdi van hoa Dong Sdn

Van minh Van Lang - Au Lac da thu dildc nhQng

thanh tiiu r\ic rd eua minh vdi mo hinh nha nxidc sd khai

xuat hien, nen nong nghiep liia nxidc ra ddi, cung ky thuat

due dong phat trien tdi dinh eao Trong thdi nxidc Au Lac

cua An Dvidng Viidng, ky thuat quan sU phat trien viidt

bac the hien d thanh Co Loa va no lien chau

Van minh Van Lang - Au Lac hit dau txi khoang nxia

dau thien nien ky thiif I I tr.CN va ket thuc khi nxidc Au

Lac cua An Diidng VUdng bi Trieu Da xam chiem nam

1 Ten tiidng Do Thxi la tifdng cua trieu dai nay dan

quan xam lildc niidc Van Lang khong thanh

2 Quoc mau cua nxidc ta, tifdng truyen sinh ra hoc

tram trilng

3 Tifdng gioi cua An DUdng Vudng, tiidng truyen la ngUdi che tao no Lien Chau

4 Ong la anh hiing thdi An Diidng ViJdng, difde phong

la Noi Hau, sau thanh to nghe nan noi

;- 15

5 NgiJdi diing dau cong xa thdi Hung Vtfdng

6 Ngifdi "ho m\ia mila den, goi gio gio ve" thdi HOing

Viidng thil 18

7 Nhac k h i bieu tiidng cho nghe thuat due dong thdi

van minh Van Lang - Au Lac

8 Kinh do nit6c ta thdi Hung Vifdng

9 6 n g song thdi An DUdng Viidng, ngvfdi cao "3 triidng,

2 thiidc" (Llnh Nam chich qudi), dUdc nhan dan goi la Diic

Thanh Chem, tijfng lam tifdng nha Tan cua Trung Quoc

Txi k h o a : " l a to nvfdc ta Ni^dc ta l u c ay ten la V a n

L a n g " (Lich sii niCdc ta - Ho Chi Minh)

D Con gai vua An Difdng VUdng da vie long ngong cho

chong tim thay minh tren difdng cung cha chay ve Nghe

An

E Hinh anh sinh hoat thiidng thay tren trong dong

F Kinh do thdi An DUdng Viidng, c6 nhieu vong thanh

G Tai con song nay Ian dau tien trong dong diidc t i m thay

H Tang 16p quy toe Viet c6 chiic vu cao nhat giiip

Hung Vifdng trong coi chinh s\i

I. Nude do Hung Viidng cai tri

J Con re vua Hung, thifdng diJdc goi la thanh Tan

Vien, CO mat trong tuc thd Txi bat txi

K Kinh Difdng Viidng lay Than Long NQ con gai cua vua ho nay

T i i k h o a : Nen v a n hna nay tifrtng ijfng v6i thcfi H u n g

Vifdng v a A n Diftfng vWgyiEN lim BtWM THIiJjiit

6 Van Lang - Au Lqc 3 ' " ^A?

A Quoc hieu nif6c t a t h d i A n Dudng VUdng t r e n cd sd

hdp n h a t cua h a i toe ngUdi Tay A u va Lac Viet

B Cha cua A u Cd

C V i t h a n da giiip A n Difdng VUdng xay t h a n h Co Loa

^ D Loai qua M a i A n T i e m t i m ra t r e n dao hoang

E Txi hoc 100 t r i i n g do me A u Cd sinh ra, n h a n dan ta

khSp Bic - T r u n g - N a m goi n h a u bSng cum txi nay

F Tuc nay dUdc Lac Long Quan t r u y e n cho ngiidi d i

song, bien de t r a n h b i ca sau, thuong luong hai

G B a n h giay, banh chUng r a ddi tiif sang tao cua ong

H " D u ai di ngifdc ve xuoi Nh6 ngay gio To thang ba" (ca dao) ;

L Ngon n u i ndi c6 den H u n g

J Ngifdi danh t a n giac A n xam Ivtdc b^ng gay s i t va tre vao ddi vua H u n g Viidng thiif 6 '

Tii khoa: L o a i no ban bach phat bach t r u n g c u a v u a A n

DUoTng VifcTng, la v u k h i l a m q u a n T r i e u D a k h i e p sd

3 T H C J I B A C T H U O C

Khdi qudt: Thdi Bic thuoc hdn 1.000 n a m t r a i qua sii

do ho cua cac trieu dai T r i e u , Tay H a n , Dong H a n , Ngo, Nguy, Tan, Tong, Te, LUdng, Tiiy, Difdng, kern theo do la siJ do ho, boc lot t a n te va dong hoa cua phong k i e n phUdng

Bic nhkm bien n h a n dan ta t h a n h ngifdi H a n , bien dat nii6c ta t h a n h quan, huyen cjua chiing

T u y n h i e n nen t a n g van m i n h song H o n g vSn sue soi

t r o n g huyet quan toan dan toe, nhiJng cuoe khcii n g h i a

g i a n h doc lap va cuoc dau t r a n h bao ve cac d i san v a n hoa dan toe l i e n tuc d i i n r a , t i e u bieu n h i i : khcii n g h i a

H a i Ba TriJng, khcii nghia Ba T r i e u , khcii nghia M a i Thiic L o a n

Thdi Bic thuoc hit dau t\i nSm 179 trvfdc C N den nSm

905 sau C N k h i Khuc ThtTa D u gianh quyen tU chu cho

dan toe (cung c6 thuyet khac cho rSng thdi Bic thuoc k e t

thuc vdi chien t h ^ n g Bach D a n g cua Ngo Quyen n a m 938,

tUu chung la the k y X) de t\i day dat nii6c hxidc vao t h d i k y

doc lap tiJ chu va phong kien hoa

1 N a m 192, K h u L i e n lap nii6c Champa t r e n cd sci hdp

n h a t bo lac Diia va bo lac nay

2 Chiic quan cai t r i cao n h a t t r i sci p h u n h a H a n , n h a

Diidng ap dung d nxidc t a thdi Bic thuoc

3 T h a n h do Cao Bien xay dUng nkm ben song To Lich

4 T e n quan cai t r i da sat h a i T h i Sach chong ba Trvfng

T r i e

5 V a t M a Vien cho chon \hm cot moc bien gi6i sau k h i

dap t a t khdi nghia H a i Ba T r i i n g nam 43

6 Khiic Thijfa D u la ngifdi Viet N a m dau tien l a m chiic

quan nay cua n h a Diidng sau k h i ong gianh quyen t\l c h u

cho dan toe nam 905

7 Sau k h i L y B i l e n ngoi hoang de n a m 544, ngifdi

difdc phong la tMdng van, con Pham T u l a tii6ng v6

8 K i n h do n\idc N a m Viet cua T r i e u Da

Til! khoa: Nien hieu dau tien cua ni^dc ta thdi vua L y NamDe: >i>.'jurs^']

1 Hoan chinh cau ca dao ve Ba Trieu: "Ru con, con ngu

cho lanh De me ganh nxidc rvia banh cho M u o h coi l e n

n u i m a coi Coi ba T r i e u tiidng ciidi danh eong"

2 Ong la vi hoang de dau tien cua n\idc ta, con c6 ten

la Ly Bon

3 Sau khi vua danh ho Phung Hifng mat, Phung A n

con ong ton cha la " dai viidng"

4 Vai tro cua thanh Van An v6i y nghia la trung tam

dat nxidc thdi Mai H l c De

5 NhQng quan do ho Tich Quang, Nham Dien, To

Dinh lam chCrc quan nay

6 Kinh do nUcic ta thdi Tien Ly, nkm ben ciia song To Lich

< 7 Nhan vat nii anh hung c6 chong la Thi Sach "

8 Dam - ndi nghia quan Trieu Quang Phuc dong quan

chohg quan Tran Ba Tien cua nha Lifdng

C Quoc gia nay c6 ten khac la Lam Ap, Chiem Thanh

D Viec lam cua Hai Ba TrUng trong thdi gian hoa binh nam 40 - 43 nh&m giam nhe ganh nang ve kinh te cho nhan dan

E Vat bit sat diidc Ngo Quyen dm xuong long song

Bach Dang danh tan quan Nam Han, ket thiic hdn mot nghin nam Bac thuoc

F Nxidc Nam Viet cua con chau Trieu Da sau bi trieu

dai Trung Quoc nay thau tom nam 111 trtfdc CN

G Hanh dong cua cac trieu dai phong kien phUdng Bic

doi v6i cac cuoc khdi nghia Hai Ba Trifng, Ba Trieu, Dinh Kien, L y T u Tien

H Dien dvfdc Ly Nam De diing len nam 544 lam ndi trieu hoi

I Kieu nha c6 tU thdi Hung Viidng mo phong cau tao

con riia

J Day la ngoi chiia co nhat Viet Nam, dUng thdi Bac

thuoc cuoi the ky 11, gin vdi huyen tich ve Phat M l u Man

Nifdng

K Tinh la que hUdng cua nii anh hung Trieu Thi Trinh

TU k h o a : Mot l i n h vijfc c a c t r i e u d a i phong k i e n phifdng

B a c m u o n dong hoa d a n toe ta thdi B a c thuoc

m

A T i i viec phai cohg p h i i loai qua nay cho nha Diidng,

M a i Thiic Loan phat dong moi ngiidi k h d i nghia ( t i i H a n

E Ngifdi CO the liic m a n h diing dau mot vung, c6 the

ke trifdng hdp cua Khiic Th^a D u

F Tii6c v i cua T r i e u Quang Phuc, p6 nghia la "vua d^m

mot dem"

G Bang m i i u gian ke hiem, nii6c A u Lac r d i vao tay v i

vua nay

H Con gai cua Tri§u Quang Phuc, lay N h a L a n g con

cua L y Phat Tvi

I Ten tiidng la chau danh tiidng Luc Ton nha Dong Ngo da dan ap k h d i nghia ba T r i e u

J C h i n h sach do ho tdng quan cua cac t r i e u dai phong

k i e n phifdng Bdc doi v6i niidc ta thdi B^c thuoc n h ^ m l a m thay doi ban chat cho gio'ng ho

H a n g doc: C u o c khofi n g h i a m a n g t e n h a i ngi/di l a n h dao

d i e n r a n a m 40 vdi bo'n ly do: "Mot x i n rijfa s a c h quoc t h u

H a i x i n noi l a i nghiep xi^a ho H u n g B a keo o a n ufc long chong B o n x i n v e n v e n sof cong l e n h n a y " q

Hang ngang '^.ABuy o % s ' ; ' niV„) „H

A "Co ba Trieu txidng Vang lenh trdi ra Tri diing cb

mci nifdc Lenh truyen sau tril6c Theo got ba viidng" (Dan

ca Thanh Hoa)

B Ten goi cua me Hai Ba Trifng, con diidc biet den

cung v6i ten Tran Thi Doan

C Vien tiidng dufdc nha Han phong la Phuc Ba tif6ng

quan giao chien v6i Hai Ba Truing d Lang Bac

D Vien tiidng la cha cua Trieu Quang Phuc

E Ong la ngiJdi Han, c6 cong truyen ba Nho hoc vac

nxidc ta thdi B&c thuoc, diidc goi la Si viidng

F Ngitdi c&m quyen cuoi ciing cua dong ho Khiic

G Vien tiidng da giet Difdng Dinh Nghe de cif6p ngoi

nam 937

H Phu t r i stf cua Giao Chau thdi Dong Ngo, cung la

trung tam Phat giao s6m nhat ca nxidc

I Ngiidi Han goi dan ta hkng ten nay can cii vao hinh

dang doi ban chan ngUdi Viet

J "Do ky dong coi Me Linh rieng mot trieu dinh

nUdc ta" {Dai Nam quoc dien ca)

K Ngoi chua difdc xay dUng tren ho Kim NgUu thdi

Tien Ly

H a n g doc: O n g l a ngxidi l a n h dao cuoc khcfi n g h i a n a m

722 cho'ng n h a Diiiing, giup cho d a n : "Dudng di cong vdi tii

day diet Dan niCdc ddi ddi hudng phuc chung"

2 NQ tii6ng cua Hai Ba TriJng, que Hai Phong

3 Ngon niii thuoc huyen Hau Loc, Thanh Hoa la ndi

"dau chan Ba Trieu rang ngdi svL xanh", ndi Ba Trieu hy

sinh, CO lang mo cua Ba •

4 Quoc hieu ntfdc ta thdi Tien Ly

5 Ong que Thanh Hoa, la ngiidi Viet d^u tien cua nxidc

ta dau trang nguyen thdi nha Dufdng, c6 bai thd May trdng rgi bien xanh

6 " den luc hiem ngheo Chi em that the phai lieu vdi song" (ca dao ve sii hy sinh cua Hai Ba Triing)

7 Quan nkm phia Nam quan Nhat Nam, thuoc dat

Champa

8 Quan do ho nha Difdng c6 tai ma thuat, tiing tran

yem cac ndi long mach cua nxidc ta i

9 Ten goi khac cua t h a n h D a i L a cuoi thdi Bac thuoc,

la t r u n g tarn p h i i do ho nha Difdng

H a n g doc: O n g que d lang Difdng L a m , ciing em l a

P h u n g A n lat do c h i n h q u y e n do ho n h a Difdng the k y V I I I

t f u 4 THCn N G 6 - D I N H - T I ^ N Lfi ; 1^

Khdi qudt: Thdi Ngo (938 - 965), D i n h (968 - 1005),

Tien Le (1005 - 1009) ton t a i t r o n g the k y X danh dau

bang chien thSng Bach D i n g n a m 938 cua Ngo Quyen

gianh l a i nen doc lap, t\ chu cho dat niidc va ket thuc n a m

1009 k h i nha L y thay the nha Tien Le

Trong thdi ky nay diidc xem la giai doan xac lap, cung

c6' nen doc lap t U chu va tao nen mong cho che do phong

kien ra ddi, phat t r i e n

6 Ngo, Dinh, Tien Le 1

1 Ong l a v i vua b a ngay cua nha Tien Le n a m 1005

2 Le Hoan la v i vua dau t i e n cay loai ruong nay n h i m

k h u y e n k h i c h s a n xuat •« ix> mn

3 V u n g dat Ngo Quyen t r a n t r i trildc k h i l a m vua

4 Tii dung de ton xuEng vua v6i y n g h i a l a "con t r d i "

5 Vvmg dat Ngo Xildng X i dong giuE trong t h d i gian loan 12 sii quan (965 - 968)

6 Chile v i Difdng T a m K h a t\i phong sau k h i ciidp ngoi

nha Ngo n a m 944

7 N a m 990 vien sijf t h a n nha Tong nay dem skc phong

dac t i e n cua vua Tong danh cho Le Hoan, Le H o a n n h a n s&c phong n h i i n g gia nga ngiia dau de khong lay

8 Ten quan hau m d sao rdi vao mieng tifcing difdc trdi trao

menh de v U d n g n e n a m hai cha con Dinh Bo Linh v a Dinh Lien

H a n g ngang: N i e n h i e u d a u t i e n v a duy n h a t c u a v u a

D i n h T i e n H o a n g trong thdi gian ong tai v i (970 - 974) vdi y

n g h i a y e n on k h o n g CO l o a n lac, c h i e n t r a n h ;J>

ikda u\n'^ i^\Ai

O Ngo, Oinh, Tien Le 2

8

a

Hang doc *^

, 1 IChi con nho, Dinh Bo Linh cung ban chan trau dung

loai cd nay danh tran gia

2 Thdi Dinh Tien Hoang khi chiia c6 luat phap, vua

nuoi ho diJ va dat vat nay tai san dien de ran de ke c6 toi

3 Danh hieu ton xifng danh cho Dinh Toan khi chiia

lam vua

4 Con cua Dinh Bo Linh difdc ong phong Thai t i i , sau

bi anh trai Dinh Lien giet hai

5 Ten tii6ng giac Nam Han tvt tran trong chien tranh

xam lifdc mldc ta nam 938

6 "Ngo Quyen que b Ciiu dan thoat khoi cat lam

ngan nam" {Lich ni/dc ta - Ho Chi Minh)

7 Can benh Le Long Dinh mkc phai d^n t6i viec khi

thiet trieu phai nkm

8 Vien svf than nha Tohg sang nif6c ta nam 987, lam

doi cau thd "Ngong kia, ngong mot doi Ngang mat nhin

chan trdi"

9 Chtjfc vu cua Dinh Cong Trtl (than phu Dinh Bo Linh)

khi ong tran t r i Hoan Chau

ji# Tii khoa: Dong song con c6 ten la song RiJfng, nrfi ghi da'u

A Day la em vd cua Ngo Quyen ^

B Tifdng nha Tong bi quan Le Hoan giet tai song Thifdng trong khang chien chong Tong nam 981

C Quoc hieu cua niicic ta thdi nha Dinh, Tien Le

D Ttf 10 ddn vi hanh chinh nay nam 1002 Le Hoan doi thanh 16, phu, chau

E Sau khi gianh quyen doc lap i\i chu cho dan toe, Ngo

Quyen dinh do ci day de noi lai quoc thong da mat thdi A n Dudng Vifdng

G Kinh do nu6c ta thdi Dinh, Tien Le

H Ddn vi bien che quan doi thdi Dinh, Tien Le diidi

ddn vi tot, gom 10 ngUdi s

I Ngxldi da 6m xac vua Le Trung Tong ma khoc khi

ong bi em trai Le Long Dinh sat hai i U ? > •

J Vien tif6ng da keu goi quan than ton xiing Le Hoan

len lam vua

K Danh xiing cua Ngo Xiidng Van khi cung anh Thien

Sach Vifdng Ngo Xifdng Ngap cam quyen t r i niidc

Tii khoa: B a l a m Hoang h a u h a i t r i e u v u a D i n h T i e n

H o a n g v a L e D a i H a n h

5.THCIILY-TRAN-H6

Khdi qudt: Thdi Ly, Tran, Ho tifdng iing v6i moc thdi

gian 1009 khi nha Ly thanh lap va ket thuc nam 1407 k h i

nha Ho that bai trong khang chien chong Minh

Trong giai doan nay van hoa Ly, Tran gop phan to

16n vao thanh tiJu cua van minh Dai Viet tren nhieu

llnh viic nhii: van hoa t i n ngiidng (giao due Nho hoc ra

ddi, Phat giao la quoc giao, chii Nom diidc ra ddi ),

k i n h te - chinh t r i - xa hoi (kinh te ngu binh l i nong, di

nong v i ban; khang chien chong Tong, chong Mong

1 Ten cua vua Ly Nhan Tong k h i chiia tai vi - trieu

dai xuat than tii nghe chai '\\i6i, cai t r i nif6c ta t i i nam

1225-1400

2 "Rong , ho phuc" (thanh ngut)

3 Tai hoi nghi Dien Hong, vua Tran da hoi cac bo lac:

"The giac manh Nen hay nen danh"

4 V i Quoc sii thdi Ly Cong Uan

5 "Hoang quoc thich" (thanh ngii)

6 Bo phu trach xay dUng trong Luc bo

7 "Svfu cao nang" (thanh ngxi) - Tii6ng giac Nguyen

bi quan Tran hit song tai tran Bach DSng nam 1288

Hang doc

1 Nghe ton t a i cung cac nghe: ngii, tieu, muc trong

t h a n g bac TiC nghe - Chua xay diing n a m 1049, c6 ten chiJ

la Dien H i i u , ttjfc "phiic lanh dai lau"

2 M o t diic t i n h trong N g u thiidng - "Tam cung, luc "

(thanh ngQ)

3 Day la bo l u a t t h a n h van dau t i e n cua nifdc ta, r a

ddi n a m 1042 ddi vua L y T h a i Tong

4 Bo p h u trach phap luat, xet to t u n g trong Luc bo

-Nghe A n thuoc chau nay thdi Ly, T r a n

5 T r i e u dai do Hot Tat Liet lap nen t a i T r u n g Quoc

n a m 1279 - Ghe vua ngoi

6 Ly, Trdn H o 2

4

34

Hang doc ' f |'&,

A Nghe diing trudc cac nghe: nong, cong, thiJdng thhi

phong kien

B Ten cua vua L y Hue Tong k h i con la T h a i txi *

C Bo mon nghe t h u a t do ba P h a m T h i T r a n sang tao

ci ddi Ly, la loai h i n h san k h a u t r u y e n thong cua m i e n

B i c

D Loai vat bi Nguyen Thuyen (sau goi la H a n Thuyen)

l a m t h d Nom duoi khoi song L6 n a m 1282 —

E V a t T r a n Quoc Toan bop nat trong tay luc nao

khong biet i

F Thvfc t r a n g ba ton giao: Nho giao, Phat giao, Lao giao dUdc t r i e u dinh nha T r a n giai doan cuoi cong n h a n sU song song ton t a i dildc goi la hien tifdng " dong nguyen"

G Chiic quan trong coi viec d i p , bao diJdng de dieu thdi T r a n 'f*

H Ten tiidng giac Nguyeri bi tieu diet t a i t r a n H a m Txi

L N a n g cong chua difdc vua T r a n ga cho Thoat Hoan

J Bo' cua Diidng N h a t Le l a m nghe nay vdi chiic nang dem dan cho hat a dao, hat van

K Chau cung v6i chau 0 diidc Che M a n dang tang nha

T r a n k h i ket hon v6i cong chua Huyen T r a n

Tvf k h o a : H a i chuf q u a n T r a n t h i c h len c a n h tay bieu t h i quyet t a m giet giac cijfu nifde trong k h a n g c h i e n chong Nguyen Ian thijf h a i

35

6 Ly, Trdn, Ho 3

Hang doc

A. H o ten t h a t cua T h a i u y L y Thiidng Kiet

B Cong t r i n h t h d K h o n g Txi v a 72 v i t i e n hien dUdc

xay dung n a m 1070 ddi L y T h a n h Tong

C N u i ndi Thiidng hoang T r a n N h a n Tong d i t u v a lap

T h i e n p h a i T n i c L a m

D T h a n h H o Quy L y xay t a i T h a n h Hoa

E V 6 i nghe t h u a t quan svf "Tien phat che n h a n " , L y

ThUdng K i e t cho quan danh vao K h a m chau, L i e m chau va

chau n a y cua n h a Tong de l a m suy giam siic m a n h h a u

can cua dich

F D a n h hieu t h i i ba t r o n g hang T a m k h o i difdc dat r a

ci ddi vua T r a n T h a i Tong

G Hao k h i c6 du6i thdi T r a n trong k h a n g chien chong

M o n g - Nguyen, t r i e t tiJ tii chU T r a n trong tieng H a n

H N d i t h d 8 v i vua nha L y , con goi l a den L y Bat De

I H i n h thiic ket hon pho bien cua quy toe nha T r a n

J Ngiidi t i e n h a n h cuoc cai each h a n dien, h a n no cuoi thdi T r a n

Tii k h o a : T e n k i n h do nxidc t a thdi L y - T r a n , c6 the

" r o n g cuon, ho ngoi", dUdc c h o n l a m k i n h do tii thofi v u a L y

1 O n g l a ngifdi do d a u k y t h i N h o hoc d a u t i e n ci nxidc

ta n a m 1075, l a m t 6 i chtfc T h a i sii ddi vua L y N h a n Tong

2 Ben nii6c n d i q u y toe n h a T r a n hop b a n viec chohg

giac Nguyen Ian ihvL hai

3 V a n ban Chu V a n A n dang len vua T r a n D u Tong de

n g h i chem bay ten n i n h t h a n

4 Loai t i e n giay diide phat h a n h nSm 1396

5 Chuong nay nkm b ruong r u a , c6 mat t r o n g " A n

N a m t i i dai k h i "

6 V u a T r a n A n h Tong tifng uohg loai r i i d u nau tijf cay

nay ma say suyt m a t ngoi

7 V a n ban noi ve ly do ddi do cua L y Cong U a n n a m

1010, CO nguyen v a n ten goi la: Thien do chieu

8 Quoc hieu cua midc ta ddi nha Ho

9 V i e n t u trUcing v u n g Da Giang quy t h u a n t r i e u d i n h

B Chien t h i n g t r e n con song nay n a m 1077 ket thuc

k h a n g chien chong Tohg Ian thxjf hai

C V a t Thoat Hoan chui vao cho quan k h i e n g r u t chay

k h o i nxidc ta t r o n g k h a n g chien chong quan Nguyen x a m

Ivfdc Ian t h i i h a i n a m 1285

D Loai S l i n g Ho Nguyen T r i t n g sang tao nen

E Cach danh nay con difdc goi la chien t h u a t "viidn khong, nha trong", diidc quan dan nha T r a n ap d u n g r a t

t h a n h cong

F "CiJfa hit song Toa Do Song Bach Dang giet tifdi

6 M a " (Binh Ngd dai cdo noi ve chien t h a n g thdi T r a n )

G H o i the t a i den nay r a ddi sau loan " T a m viidng"

t h d i L y n h a m k h a n g d i n h long t r u n g t h a n h vdi vua

H N h a Ly, nha T r a n ma't ngoi bcii n a n nay

L Ten goi quan xifcing san x u a t do dung cho N h a niidc

Khai qudt: Thdi Le sd la giai doan phat t r i e n cao n h a t

cua che do phong k i e n D a i Viet ma d i n h cao la t h d i vua Le

T h a n h Tong N h i e u t h a n h tUu da dat dUdc:

M o h i n h N h a nifdc quan chu chuyen che T r u n g Udng tap quyen hoan thien L u a t Hong Diic t i e n bo V a n chvfdng,

thd p h u CO nhieu tac p h a m bat h u : Binh Ngd dai cdo,

39

Qudn trung tie menh tap Giao due Nho hoe phat trien t6i

dinh cao, nhan tai ro nd: Nguyen Trai, Liidng The Vinh

Giai doan nay tUdng ling vdi moc thdi gian tu: nam

1428 khdi nghia Lam Sdn th4ng Idi den nam 1527 k h i Mac

Dang Dung ciidp ngoi nha Le

J B I § , m ; i f I I ~

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Hang doc

1 Ddn v i quan doi du6i thdi Le, eo 200 - 800 Hnh

2 Lang det noi tieng thdi Le, xuat hien trong cau ca

dao: "Ai ve Hue Cau det lua, Hue Cau nhuom the"

3 Su ton vinh cua Nha nifdc phong kien Viet Nam doi

v6i nhiJng ngifdi d5 dat bSng each dUng vat nay tai Van

Mieu, CO le ivL ddi vua Le Thanh Tong nam 1484

4 Ten tdng binh nha Minh cung tham gia hoi the Dong Quan nam 1428 v6i Le Ldi cam ket cham dijtt chien tranh

5 Tran danh ngay 3 thang 11 nam 1427 tieu diet hoan toan 10 van quan tiep vien nha Minh do Thoi Tu, Hoang Phiie thong linh

6 Tac gia cua tap Binh Ngo sdch dang Le Ldi

7 Ten tiidng giac bi quan ta tieu diet tai siidn Ma Yen thuoc ai Chi Lang ngay 10 thang 10 nam 1427

8 Hoi the cua Le Ldi va nhiing ngiidi tam phuc nam

1416 de phat dong khcii nghia Lam Sdn

9 Thi c\i thdi xifa thiidng theo kieu "Tam chiidng trieh "

Tijf k h o a : V a n b i a di^tfc N g u y e n T r a i soan thao viet ve tieu s«f L e Ltfi v a cuoc khofi n g h i a L a m S d n , dat tai L a m

Hang ngang

1 N d i Nguyen T r a i d k h i chi si - Thue ngifdi nong dan

phai nop thdi phong k i e n cung "to", "dung"

2 " , le, nghia, t r i , t i n " (Ngu thiCdng cua Nho giao)

-K i n h do -Khong T i i soan nhifng khong n i m trong Ngu -Kinh,

da b i t h a t t r u y e n '

3 " T r a n , Sdn Tho nghe hdi ma mat via L y A n ,

Phifdng C h i n h n i n thd cau thoat t h a n " {Binh Ngo dai cdo

-Nguyen T r a i )

4 "Tien ho ung" (thanh ngii)

5 D d n v i dem thdi gian ve dem ngay xtfa - Con t r a i tvf

18 t u o i trci len theo phap l u a t phong kien p h a i nop thue

t h a n , d i l i n h , lao dich

6 "Ddi vua T h a i To, T h a i Tong Thoc lua day dong

chang buon an" (ca dao ca ngdi canh t h a i b i n h , no d u thdi

Le sd) - Dao quan ciiu vien 5 van quan cua K i e m quoc cong

Moc T h a n h t i e n theo difdng nay sang niidc ta

Hang doc

1 Loai nhac cung d i n h L i i d n g Dang soan ra t h a n g 6

n a m 1437 sau chie'n t h i n g cua khcii nghia L a m Sdn

2 M o t ten tifdng nha M i n h t h a t t r a n trong khcii nghia

L a m Sdn - M o t ddn v i h a n h chinh thdi Le sd

3 N g i i d i xay C\in t r u n g dai cho vua Le Tildng Diic

^ 4 K y t h i cao n h a t do vua triic tiep ra de, cham t h i , hoi

bai - H o i t h d do Le T h a n h Tong l a m T h i e n N a m dong chu,

CO 28 t h a n h vien

5 N i i i ba Ian quan L a m Sdn r u t len de ckm cU vdi giac

t r o n g buoi dau khcii nghia

4 Cha cua Nguyen T r a i , tiifng l a m quan t h d i T r a n

5 Quoc giao cua nxldc t a thdi Le sd

6 Cd quan giao due cao n h a t niidc ta t h d i Le sd, t r e n

Quoc Tii Giam

7 " T h i i n h a t , thijt n h i Pho H i e n " mieu t a sU nhon nhip, phon t h i n h thdi Le sd

4d

8 Ngoi sao t i i d n g t r i f n g cho v a n hoc, difdc vua Le

T h a n h Tong v i v6i tarn long trong sach cua Nguyen T r a i

9 Vd t h i i cua N g u y i n T r a i , l a m L l n g h i hoc si thdi Le

2 Dilc t i n h dau t i e n t r o n g "Tii diLc" cua ngiidi p h u n i i

theo quan niem cua Nho giao

3 Ten goi Thang Long t h d i Le sd

4 ChCfc quan d i i n g hang t h i i txl t r o n g chin pham cap

5 L a n g gom noi tieng ra ddi thdi Le sd

6 Tac pham dia ly dau t i e n cua niidc ta do Nguyen

T r a i bien soan

7 V i vua thijf ba nha Le sd, la vua len ngoi nho t u o i

n h a t cua nha Le va che do phong k i e n Viet N a m

8 D a n h hieu phan anh sU gioi toan hoc cua T r a n g nguyen Lifdng The V i n h

9 Khue Van Cac trong Van M i e u soi bong xuohg ho nay

Tii k h o a : Nien h i e u thiJf h a i c u a L e T h a n h T o n g gkn lien

vdi t e n tuoi c u a ong

B Quan VUdng Thong b i danh t a n tac t a i N i n h K i e u

t a i ndi nay ngay 6 t h a n g 11 n a m 1426 den noi "thay phdi

day noi, thoi de n g h i n t h u "

C Phan ruong cong do Nha niicic phong kien tnic tiep quan

ly, hoa Idi t h u hoach diidc d i i trQ trong kho cua trieu (finh

D "Ru n h a u chdi k h i p Long t h a n h Ba miidi sau pho

r a n h r a n h c h i n g sai H a n g Bo, , H a n g Gai H a n g Buom,

H a n g Thiec, H a n g Bai, H a n g Khay" (ca dao ve 36 pho

G Hoc tro triidng Quoc Tvi Giam

H Quan p h u t r a c h v a n de Phat giao thdi Le sd

" L L i doc t e n nhflng ngiidi do dat t r o n g cac k y t h i thdi

xiia hit dau tii thdi vua Le T h a n h Tong

J Ngifdi do dau khoa t h i D i n h

K "Vua hien c6 mang bd coi da yen l a i l a n h "

(Lich sij^ niCdc ta - Ho C h i M i n h )

Tif k h o a : V a n b a n difdc x e m la b a n ' T u y e n ngon doc lap"

Ian th<i h a i c u a d a n toe do N g u y e n T r a i viet

7 N A M - B A C TRI^U, D A N G TRONG - D A N G N G O A l

K h a i q u a t : Giai doan N a m - B^c t r i e u bat d^u t i f n a m

I 1527, Mac Dang D u n g bijfc Le Cung Hoang nhUdng ngoi

cho m i n h , lap nen nha Mac, dong do d T h a n g Long N a m

1533 Nguyen K i m pho Le N i n h len l a m vua, t\ic vua Le

T r a n g Tong (bat dau t r i e u Le T r u n g hUng mot nxldc h a i

vua (cung vua p h u chua), lap l a i nha Le, dong h a n h sd t a i

T h a n h Hoa N a m - Bac t r i e u h i n h t h a n h

m

Phan liet Dang Trong - Dang Ngoai: N a m 1592 nha Mac do Triidc do n a m 1558 Nguyen Hoang x i n vua Le cho vao T h u a n Hoa t r a n t r i , lap nen x i i Dang Trong The phan liet N a m - Bac t r i e u cha'm diit t h i the phan liet Dang Trong - Dang Ngoai xac lap, ton t a i den khdi nghia nong dan Tay Sdn n a m 1771 N a m 1789 the phan liet Dang Trong - Dang Ngoai cham diit N h a Tay Sdn dUdc lap nen

va ton t a i den n a m 1802

Giai doan N a m - Bac t r i e u Dang Trong - Dang Ngoai

la giai doan che do phong k i e n Viet N a m di vao con difdng suy v i , chien t r a n h "noi da xao t h i t " lien mien, k i n h te nong nghiep kem phat t r i e n , Nho giao suy doi The k y

X V n i la "the k y chien t r a n h nong dan" vdi cuoc khdi nghia

nong dan Tay Sdn la Idn n h a t lap vvfdng t r i e u Tay Sdn tien

bo n h i f n g t o n t a i khong difdc bao lau

6 Nam - Bac trieu, Oang Trong - Dang Ngoai 1

G Day la chi gai Nguyen Hoang, vd Trinh Kiem

H "Cung phu chua" (thanh ngiJ)

K Bai thd than khoc chong Quang Trung cua cong

chiia Le Ngoc Han

L Mot trong nhiing toi bi x\i tii bSng each that co theo

luat phap phong kien

M Vu k h i ban ra Itfa cua nghia quan Tay Sdn

Hang doc

B Ho Xuan Hiidng gioi lam thd loai chii nay

D Ngiidi d6 Tien si de nhi giap trong ky t h i Hoi, t h i

Dinh, dif6i hang Tam khoi

E Chua Trinh cuoi cung thdi vua Le - chtia Trinh,

difdc phong la an do vUdng, lam chua t ^ thang 9 nam 1786

den thang 9 nam 1787 i

F kinh cdnh gidi la tac pham cua Nguyin Trai

L Chien t h i n g danh tan 29 van quan Thanh cua

Quang Trung

J "Nh6 n\idc dau long con cuoc cuoc Thifdng nha moi

mieng cai gia " (Chieu horn nhd nha - Ba Huyen Thanh

4 Chiic quan dai than ci Phu chiia Trinh dudc dat ra nam 1601 sau chiic Tham tung

5 6ng vua sang suot

6 Theo Idi khuyen cua Nguyen Binh Khiem la: " nhat

dai Van dai dung than", Nguyen Hoang da lap nen x\i Dang Trong tii nam 1558

7 V i vua nha Thanh cho tii6ng Ton Si Nghi d^n quan

sang xam liidc nxidc ta va dai bai nam 1789

8 Bien phap diidc Nha nxidc phong kien dat ra nam

1664 giao cho cac dia phiJdng thong ke dan dinh roi tinh so

thue phai nop cho Nha nifdc trong mot nam

9 NgUdi nSm quyen \\ic cai t r i ca niidc nhifng ve danh

nghia v&n ton siing quyen Itic nha vua

Tijf k h o a : C u o c k h d i n g h i a nong d a n Idn n h a t the ky

A. Danh hieu cua ngUdi do cao nhat ky thi vo thdi vua

Le - chiia Trinh, tiidng dildng tien si ben van

B Giac bi Nguyen Hue danh tan trong tran Rach Gam Xoai Mut nam 1785

-r

C Viang dat Nguyen Hoang tran t r i tiJf nam 1558 i

D Luy do Dao Duy TCf chi huy thiet ke, con goi la liiy

Nhat Le, n^m ci dat Quang Binh

E Ruong vua ban cap cho quan lai lam lifdng bong thay tien liJdng

F Khoa t h i lay ngiJdi d6 ra lam quan cua Dang Trong,

to chiic 9 nam mot Ian, qua 3 triidng

G Loi hat do Dao Duy Ttf sang tao nen tai xxi Dang

J Kinh do cua cac chua Nguyen

K Vua dau tien cua nha Le Trung hifng, c6 ten huy la

Le Ninh

L Tuyen phi diidc chua Trinh Sam sung ai

H a n g doc: T e n a n p h a n a n h sijf suy doi c u a Nho hoc thdi

v u a L e - c h u a T r i n h k h i n a m 1750 ngifdi thi Hifdng c h i c a n nop 3 q u a n tien la di^dc m i e n k h a o h a c h

6 Nam - Bac trieu, Dang Trong - Oang Ngoai 4

D Cd quan p h u trach giao due thdi vua Quang T r u n g

E Bo' vd chiia T r i n h K i e m , la ngiidi da giiip nha Le

T r u n g hung Sau b i hang tUdng nha Mac la DUdng Chap

N h a t dau doc chet

F V u n g dat tu6ng Mac C i i u c6 cong k h a i pha

G Ngoi chua la bieu tUdng cho h i n h a n h x i l Hue, xay dung n a m 1601 thdi chua Nguyen Hoang

H Quan T h a n h b i vua Quang T r u n g danh bai vao

m u n g 5 tet nay !«;•!.< x i

I D a n h hieu dan gian cua Phung KhSc Khoan

J NhUng ngUdi do cao t h d i phong k i e n tii k y t h i H o i

t r ^ len

K Cung chua T r i n h Giang xay dUng de t r a n h set

L T r i e u dai tao the Bkc t r i e u doi nghich v6i N a m t r i e u

cua vua Le

H a n g doc: L o a n do q u a n l i n h gay r a thofi c h u a T r i n h

S a m , T r i n h C a n , T r i n h K h a i vao the k y X V I I I , gop p h a n l a m

Hang ngang •'•>)•" -^

A " con noi" (thanh ngi3) , ,

B Tac pham cua Dang Tran Con diidc nfl si Doan Thi

C Hoc vi cap cho ngiidi t h i Hifdng trung 3 triidng,

tifdng diidng Tu tai ddi Nguyen

D 6 n g vua nha Le rxidc quan Thanh ve "day ma to"

E Cd quan chuyen viec bien soan, chep svi ddi vua Le

-chiia Trinh

F Doi quan canh giii cung dien thdi vua Le - chiia

Trinh

G NQ Do doc gioi song kiem cua vua Quang Trung

H Cac chiia Nguyen deu c6 ten dem nay, trvf chiia

Tien Nguyen Hoang

L "Chieu chieu en lieng Truong May Cam thiCOng bi

vdy trong thanh" (ca dao)

J Lang v6 cua Phu Xuan (Hue ngay nay) ra ddi tii yeu

cau ren luyen binh si thdi 9 chua Nguyen

K Tac pham cua Le Quy Don viet ve xijt Dang Trong

L Nien hieu cua Nguyen Nhac

M Vua thay the Quang Trung, la chong cong chua

Ngoc Binh

H a n g doc: T o n giao dtftfc ngifdi phi^dng T a y t r u y e n ba

vao nxidc ta trong thdi k y dat nxidc c h i a c&t D a n g T r o n g ,

E Tac gia cua tap truyen Truyen ky man luc

F Danh hieu cua Nguyen Binh Khiem ngUdi ddi quen goi

G Ngifdi CO cong khai pha viing dat Sai Gon - Gia

Dinh

m

H V i quan sil gioi cua chua Nguyen Phiic Nguyen, c6

tac pham Ngqa Long ciiOng ngdm

I Chile t\idc cua Nguyen Kim khi pho gia nha Le

J T\idng giac Thanh bi tvL tran ci nii6c ta, c6 mat trong

mot bai thd cua Ho Xuan Hifdng v6i cau: "Ghe mat trong

ngang thay bang tree Kia den Thai thu diing cheo leo"

K Quan cong thdi chua Trinh Sam, bi loan kieu binh

K h a i quat: Nam 1802, Nguyin Anh lap nen nha

Nguyen, trieu dai phong kien cuoi cung cua nxidc ta Trieu

Nguyen ra ddi khi che do phong kien Viet Nam noi rieng

va phiidng Dong noi chung dang di vao thdi mat ky Cho

den trxidc khi thiic dan Phap xam lifdc dat niidc nam 1858,

nha Nguyin dat mot so" thanh tiiu trong cac linh vUc kinh

te, van hoa, xa hoi Nhtfng dieu do khong cilu van diidc sii

lac hau va khi thUc dan Phap xam lifdc, nha Nguyen tijfng

biidc nhan nhvfdng roi dau hang giac Dat nii6c rdi vao thdi

ky thuoc Phap Du nam 1884 v6i Hiep \idc Patenotre, Viet

Nam da nam trong tay Phap nhiing txi do den chien tranh

the gidi Ian thvL nhat la giai doan thiic dan Phap phai lien

tuc doi pho v6i nhCtng phong trao yeu nifdc khong ngijfng

dvfdi ngon cd phong kien Do la giai doan thvic dan Phap

hoan thanh cong cuoc binh dinh Viet Nam

6 nha Nguyin

Hang ngang

1 "Chcl bao nhieu dao thuyen khong k h i m Dam may

thSng gian chang t a " (Nguyen Dinh Chieu)

2 Trong thdi gian vi vua nay tai vi, nam 1858 thUc dan

Phap xam lifdc nxidc t a

3 Hoc vi cua ngiidi do ky t h i Hifdng, d\idi bac cxi nhan

4 Tai ndi nay cua Ha Noi dai uy Francis Garnier cua thiic dan Phap bi quan cua Liiu Vinh Phuc tieu diet ngay

21 thang 12 nam 1873

5 Can than ngifdi Phap than t i n cua vua Gia Long,

tiing thay mat ong ky Hiep ifdc 1787 v6i nifdc Phap

6 So vua Txi Diic dung ghi chep nhiing Idi hay cua Thai hau Txi Du

7 Ngay 6 thang 6 nam 1884, Hiep xidc nay difdc ky gom

19 dieu khoan, mang ten ngildi dai dien cua thUc dan Phap

Txi k h o a : L e c u a n h a Nguyen dat r a thdi M i n h Mang, quy

d i n h k h o n g lap T h a i txi, k h o n g lap H o a n g h a u , k h o n g c6

chiifc q u a n T e ti^dng, k h o n g c6 T r a n g n g u y e n

A N h a Nguyen thtfc hien c h i n h sach lic thvfdng bang

bien phap " toa cang"

B V u n g dat thdi thuoc Phap do t r i e u d i n h nha Nguyen

cai quan, khong gom v u n g Bic k y va N a m ky

C NgiJdi CO dijtc h a n h , hoc gioi diidc p h u , huyen cvL len

k i n h hoc nha Quoc hoc t h d i Nguyen

D D a i don xay diing t a i Gia D i n h chong quan Phap

E Cuoc k h 8 i nghia do Nguyen T h i e n T h u a t l a n h dao

hilcing ling phong trao Can Viidng

F C h i n vat due bang dong t h d i N g u y i n c6 tac h i n h cac

n u i , song t i e u bieu cua dat nU6c

G c a n cxi cua cuoc k h & nghia Hudng Khe ci H a T i n h

H Hoc v i cua ngiidi d6 dau khoa t h i H i i d n g thdi

Nguyen, con goi la H i i d n g nguyen

I Ong la ngUdi to chile, l a n h dao cuoc khcii nghia n a m 1821-1827 chong l a i nha Nguyen, diidc n h a n dan ca ngdi trong cau ca dao: "Tren t r d i c6 ong sao Tua Giiia lang T r a

L u CO vua Ba V a n h "

J Ngay 30 t h a n g 8 n a m 1858 quan Phap danh ndi nay

mci dau cuoc chien t r a n h x a m liidc Viet N a m isk

H a n g doc: Cd q u a n n g h i e n cijfu, b i e n soan l i c h sii thdi

Nguyen, ndi r a dofi c u o n Dai Nam thiic luc. i ( u i , j « ,

1 Dpi quan do L i f u V i n h Phuc chi huy mang la cd nay

2 Cao Ba Quat, Nguyen V a n Sieu la h a i v a n t h a n gioi cua nha Nguyen dildc ngiidi ddi goi la: t h a n h Quat"

3 V u a t h i i 7 cua nha Nguyen t a i v i t h d i gian

4 To chiic diidc thanh lap nam 1912, theo difdng loi

bao dong each mang

5 Hoi chu cua to chvfc Duy Tan hoi, dong doi vua

Nguyen ^

6 Van ban quy dinh nhflng dieu ma moi ngiidi trong

lang phai tuan theo i

7 The nho lam bang nga voi ghi chvfc tif6c, pham ham

cua quan lai dung deo triidc ngUc 4

8 Cong vao Dai Noi kinh thanh Hue

H a n g ngang: P h o n g trao giup v u a cufu ni^dc d i e n r a thofi

gian 1885 - 1896

6 nha Nguyin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Hang doc

1 Phong trao yeu nil6c do Phan Boi Chau va Duy Tan hoi

khdi xiidng, to chile diia ngifdi xuat difdng sang Nhat Ban

2 Hoc vi cao nhat ky t h i Hiidng thdi Nguyen

3 Quoc hieu nii6c ta thdi vua Minh Mang

4 Ten moi ngifdi thiidng goi anh hung Hoang Hoa

Tham cung ten "hum thieng Yen The"

5 Vien quan ngiidi Phap dvfng dau bo may thiic dan Phap cap tinh d cac xii bao ho Bac ky, Trung ky thdi thuoc Phap

6 Tac pham cua Nguyen A i Quoc viet da kich vua Khai Dinh k h i y sang tham Phap nam 1922

7 6ng vua nha Nguyen lam vua chi difdc ba ngay vao thang 6 nam 1883 "

8 Th^n dan phai ky ten nay cua vua

Tii k h o a : Ong v u a n h a Nguyl^n la con v u a T h a n h T h a i ,

1 Thai hau la me vua TiJ Diic, ndi tieng nhan tvf, dilc do

2 T r i thiJtc Nho hoc thdi phong kien

; 1 3 Lich trieu hien chiicfng loai chi la tac pham cua ong

4 Cd quan t h a m mifu cao cap trUc thuoc nha vua c6

nhiem v u du ban nhutng viec trong yeu, giup dd quan sii

cho nha vua; dUdc lap txi nam 1834 thdi M i n h Mang ,

5 Tac pham g^n v6i ten tuoi cua nha giao m u Nguyen

D i n h Chieu

6 Ong cung Lifdng Van Can lap triidng Dong kinh

nghla thuc nam 1907

7 Td bao quoc ngut dau tien b Viet N a m ra ddi t a i Sai

Gon

8 H i n h thiic thong t r i cua bon de quoc thUc dan doi v6i

niJ6c b i xam lifdc

9 Ten ban dau cua cong t r i n h K h i e m lang - ndi an

nghi cua vua T u Diic

Hang doc: To chijfc do Phan Boi Chau, Cifdng De sang

lap nam 1904 theo xu hvfdng each mang t\i san,

6 nha Nguyin

8

93

Hang ngang

1 V i vua nha Nguyen c6 chum thd Dehe thi, Phien he

thi dat ten cho con chau nha Nguyen

2 Vua nay t h a m gia phong trao Can Viidng < • dxi

3 Ba la con do Chieu, chu but td bao NUgidi chung

4 V i Ta quan diidi t r i e u vua Gia Long

5 Ong dUdc moi ngUdi goi la Tam nguyen Yen Do, lam quan du6i trieu Nguyen

6 Hiep vfdc n a m 1883 mang ten dai dien ngUdi Phap

ky hiep ii6c

7 Vua t h i i 9 cua nha Nguyen tai v i thdi gian

1885-1889, noi tieng " n i n h Tay"

8 V i Tong doc giii t h a n h H a Noi va t u ^ n tiet k h i Ha Noi b i quan Phap chiem nam 1883

9 Mot tifcing cua Phan Dinh Phung, c6 tai che tao ra sung

Hang doc: Sau khi khai sang nha Nguyen nam 1802, ong len ngoi vua va lay nien hieu la Gia Long

Hang doc

1 Ong t^ng lam Pho lanh binh nha Nguyen, diidc

nhan dan phong la "Binh Tay Dai Nguyen soai" chong giac

Phap

2 Quoc hieu cua nxidc ta diidc vua Gia Long dat

3 L l dang tCi binh de te trdi, dat va to tien cua vua

chiia k h i th^ng tran, Gia Long thiJc hien le nay nam 1802 j

4 Cuoc khdi nghia nong dan do Hoang Hoa Tham lanh

dao

5 Quan Phap cung v6i quan niidc nay keo sang xam

liidc nxidc ta nam 1858

6 Cuoc khcii nghia d Thanh Hoa nam 1886-1887 hifcing

ling phong trao Can Vifdng

7 Theo hinh phat tan khoc nay thdi phong kien, ngiidi

bi toi nay se bi xeo thit cho den chet, chiu dau ddn cung ciic

8 Con song ndi dien ra tran danh cua nghia quan

Nguyen Trung TriJc danh d i m chien ham Hy vong cua thiic

dan Phap

9 Ong la hoc gia noi tieng, tac gia cua cuo'n sach Viet

Nam phong tuc

Tii khoa: Cuoc khori nghia dai nhat trong phong trao

Can Vifdng, di§n ra nam 1885-1896, do Phan Dinh Phung

1 Thue danh vao dau ngiidi thdi Phap thuoc

2 Hinh thiic dau tranh phat sinh tiJ nhien, khong c6 sii lanh dao, chiia c6 y thiic giac ngo tnidc cuoc bai cong Ba Son thang 8 nam 1925

3 Loai linh ngildi Viet do thuc dan Phap to chijtc ci cac tinh trifdc Cach mang thang Tarn

4 Day la giai cap chiem 90% dan so Viet Nam dau the

ky XX, la luc liidng dong dao nhat cua each mang

5 Thanh vien to chiic Tdm tarn xa nem bom am sat

Toan quyen Meclanh tai Sa Dien, Quang Chau, Trung

Quoc thang 6 nam 1924

6 Cuoc bai cong tai xUcfng dong tau nay danh dau

phong trao cong nhan phat trien t\i tvt phat len tii giac

7 "Cao su di d l kho ve Khi di khi ve bung beo" (ca

dao)

8 " cuoc mii6n" la than phan cua ban, co nong thcJi

Phap thuoc

9 To chiic difdc dong chi Ton Diic T h i n g sang lap

H a n g doc: T6( bao r a ngay 21 thang 6 n a m 1925, la cd quan

ngon l u a n c u a to chijfc Viet Nam each mqng thanh nien

2 Phong trao do Hoi Viet Nam each mang thanh nien

thUc hien nam 1928-1929 diia hoi vien vao nha may, ham

mo, don dien song va lao dong cung cong nhan

3 Lanh dao toi cao cua to chiic Viet Nam quoc dan dang

4 Pham vi boat dong cua to chiic Tan Viet each mang dang trong thdi gian ton tai

5 Chi bo cong san dau tien gom 7 dong chi dUdc thanh Islp tai so nha 5D cua pho' nay thuoc Ha Noi

6 Nha t\l san diidc xem la bieu tUdng cua phong trao chan hUng thiidng trifdng cua gi6i t\i san Viet Nam dau

the ky XX, chuyen kinh doanh van tai song, bien va khai thac than ,

7 Hat nhan t i i txidng cua nha each mang Ton Trung Sdn anh hudng manh tdi difdng loi ciiu nxidc cua to chiic Viet Nam quoc dan dang

8 Chiic quan thiic dan Phap dtjtng dau bo may cai t r i

Bic ky thdi Phap thuoc

Hang doc: T h e o Cuang link Chinh tri c u a D a n g ta k h i

t h a n h lap, day l a giai cap nkm v a i tro l a n h dao each m a n g

Viet N a m

67

A. Cuoc khcii nghia dien ra ngay 27 thang 9 nam 1940

tai Lang Sdn, ra ddi doi quan du kich mang ten goi cua

cuoc khcii nghla

B Tong Bi thM cua Dang ta tH nkm 1941-1956

C Anh la doi vien dau tien cua Boi Thieu nien tiin

phong Ho Chi Minh

D Nha t u tai Ha Noi tvfng giam giQ nhieu dong chi

each mang cua Dang ta

E Trong tac pham nay xuat ban nam 1942, Bac Ho

da ghi cf don^ cuoi la: "1945: Viet Nam doc lap"

F. Tac gia bai hat Tien qudn ca dUdc chon lam Quoc ca

Viet Nam tai Dai hoi Quoc dan d Tan Trao

G Vi vua CO cau noi: "Tha lam dan mot nifdc t i i do con

hdn lam vua mot nU6c no le"

H Ten that cua chien si each mang Nguyin Thi Minh Khai

I Ndi dUdc xem la thii do khu giai phong Viet BSc nam 1945

J Tong Bi thu dau tien cua Dang, tac gia ban Luan

ciCcfng Chinh tri

K Dang ta difdc thanh lap tai ndi nay

Hang doc: Quoc ky cua nxidc ta do dong chi Nguyen

Hiifu Tien thiet ke, c6 sao vang nam canh bieu tri/ng cho

"si, nong, cong, thiftfng, binh"

6 1930 - 1945 b

2^

4_

5

Hang ngang: {tvL trai qua phai)

1 Cau nhan dan dap lai Idi Bac Ho khi Ngifdi doc Tuyen ngon doc lap va hoi: "Toi noi dong bao nghe ro khong?" - Cd quan hanh chinh cap Trung ifdng do Bo trUcing diing dau

2 Ndi nay gom cac tinh Cao, BSc, Lang; Ha, Tuyen, Thai - ngon niii difdc Bac dat ten tai Pac Bo, Cao Bang ben dong suo'i Lenin

• 3 L i n h dia phifdng mien n u i do thiic dan Phap dat ra ci

chau, huyen de dan ap nhan dan triidc Cach mang thang

Tam - Cuoc khdi nghia no ra t a i Quang N g a i ngay 11

t h a n g 3 n a m 1945

4 To chile t h a n h lap ngay 3 t h a n g 2 n a m 1930, t r d

t h a n h hxidc ngoat lich s\i cho each mang Viet N a m - Tac

gia bai thcf Hue'thang Tam

5 Cuoc k h d i nghia cua to chile Viet Nam quoc dan

dang ngay 9 t h a n g 2 n a m 1930 - Quang trifdng ndi Bac Ho

doc Tuyen ngon doc lap

6 K h u giai phong, ndi thUc hien 10 chinh sach cua M a t

t r a n Viet M i n h

Tii khoa: To chijfc ra ddi ngay 19 thang 5 nam 1941, c6 ten

day du la Viet Nam doc lap dong minh hoi

1 L a n ndi Bac Ho noi vdi dong chi V6 Nguyen Giap:

"Cho d u phai dot chay ca day T r i l d n g Sdn ciing p h a i quyet gianh cho diidc doc lap", vao t h a n g 7 n a m 1945

2 Ten goi M a t t r a n yeu nifdc n a m 1938 (viet tit)

3 Chien t h i n g cua to chile Viet N a m tuyen t r u y e n giai phong quan cung v6i chien t h i n g Phay K b i t

4 B u t danh cua V6 Nguyen Giap k h i viet Van de dan cay cung v6i T r i i d n g C h i n h

5 H i n h thilc dau t r a n h cua cong n h a n t a m ngilng mot

bo phan hay toan bo cong viec san xuat mang t i n h tap the

de doi hoi quyen Idi hay p h a n doi viec gi

6 Cuoc khcii nghia Do L i i d n g do Doi Cung l a n h dao

ngay 13 t h a n g 1 n a m 1941 dien r a dxidi h i n h thilc nay

7 Bac Ho viet Tuyen ngon doc lap t a i ngoi nha nay

8 Thilc dan Phap h i lUc lildng nay dao c h i n h ngay 9

Hang ngang

1 To chtic phan dong do Nguyen H a i T h a n lanh dao

theo chan quan T\fdng Gidi Thach vao nUdc ta sau Cach

mang thang T a m n a m 1945

2 Ten goi phong tr^o chi vien sttc ngUdi, stic cua cho

N a m Bo sau k h i thuc dan Phap quay trci l a i xam liidc N a m

Bo thang 9 n a m 1945

3 Tudng chi huy cii diem D i e n Bien P h u bi bat song

ngay 7 thang 5 nam 1954 (tieng A n h )

4 Chijfc v u cua cUu hoang Bao D a i trong C h i n h p h u

nvfdc Viet N a m mdi sau Cach mang thang T a m nam 1945

5 l / u the quan ta gianh difdc t a i chien trUdng chinh

Bac Bo sau thang Idi t a i chien dich Bien gidi 1950

6 T h u do niidc ta sau k h i Cach mang thang Tam thanh cong

Hang doc: Ten goi cua nifdc t a sau Cach m a n g t h a n g

2 NgUdi cong dan d i bo phieu bau dai bieu ciia m i n h

vao cac cd quan nha nU6c

3 Loai t i e n cung t i e n "quoc te" difdc bon Tiidng Gidi Thach difa sang nUdc ta t i e u t h u sau Cach mang t h a n g

8 Ngiidi dan dau doan dai bieu Viet N a m dan chu cong hoa t h a m d i i hoi n g h i Geneva n a m 1954

Tvf k h o a : C u o c T o n g t u y e n cijf ngay 6 t h a n g 1 n a m 1946

da b a u diidc 333 dai bieu c u a ba m i e n B a c - T r u n g - N a m vao

cd q u a n lap phap nay

1 "NhiJng ban tay , Ian bom Nhat dinh mci diidng cho

xe ta len chien triidng tiep vien" {Hoan ho chien si Dien

Bien - To Uxiu)

2 NgUdi dai dien nxidc Phap ky Hiep dinh Sd bo ngay 6

thang 3 nam 1946 v6i Chinh phu ta

3 Ten goi Quan doi nhan dan Viet Nam sau Cach

mang thang Tarn nam 1945

4 Van ban Bac Ho ky vdi Chinh phu Phap ngay 14

thang 9 khi tham Phap, n h i m giiip dat nxidc c6 them thdi

gian chuan bi khang chien

74

5 Bo luat dau tien cua midc Viet Nam dan chu cong

hoa ra ddi nam 1946, gom 7 chvfdng, 70 dieu

6 Hanh dong cua de quoc My doi vdi cuoc chien tranh Dong Diidng nam 1946-1954

7 Tran danh mci man chien dich Bien gi6i nam 1950

8 San bay thuoc phan khu Nam ciL diem Dien Bien Phu Hang ngang: Phvfdng tien van tai hufu hieu dung sxic ngvfofi, phii hdp vdi dia hinh doi n u i , giup van chuyen

k h i t a i , Ivfdng thufc, thi^c pham cho chien dich Dien Bien Phu

Hang ngang

A Cil diem Dien Bien Phu diidc quan Phap vi v6i con

vat nay vdi y nghia "bat kha xam pham"

B Tran danh md man chien dich Dien Bien Phu

ngay 13 thang 3 nam 1954

C To chijfc nay c6 ten day du la Hoi Lien hiep quoc dan

Viet Nam, hdp nhat v6i Viet Minh ngay 3 thang 3 nam 1951

D "Doc anh ganh chi tho Deo Lung L6 anh ho chi

hat" (Hoan ho chien si Dien Bien - To Hutu)

E Ky s\i CO tai che tao vu khi c6 ten do Bac Ho dat cho

Ten that la Pham Quang L l

F ChiJtc vu cua Bac Ho trong Chinh phu nMdc Viet Nam

dan chu cong hoa sau Cach mang thang Tam

G Chien dich dien ra ngay 10 thang 12 nam 1951 den

ngay 25 thang 2 nam 1952 tai tinh Tay Bkc, pha tan am

mxiu phan cong cua thiJc dan Phap

H Sau Cach mang thang Tam, thiic dan Phap nup

bong sau lUng liic liidng quan nxidc nay de xam lUdc nii6c

ta lan thii hai

I. Mot sang kien de giai quyet nan doi sau khi Cach

mang thang Tam thanh cong

J. Cao uy Phap tai Dong Dutdng tH nam 1947 thay

D'Argenlieu (tieng Anh)

K Phong trao xoa nan mu chQ, diet giac dot

L Tong chi huy quan doi vien chinh Phap d Dong

Difdng nam 1953-1954, c6 ke hoach quan s\i hai bu6c

mang ten minh (tieng Anh)

M Bac Ho doc Ldi keu ggi toan quoc khdng chien ngay 19

thang 12 nam 1946 tai lang nay cua Ha Dong, Ha Tay

(nay thuoc Ha Noi)

N Phai doan co van quan sii My lap tai Viet Nam thang

9 nam 1950 de giiip thiic dan Phap (tieng Anh, viet tat)

Hang doc: Hiep dinh ket thuc chin nam khang chien

chong Phap (ten hiep dinh ghi b^ng tieng Anh),

A Bien phap khac phuc nguon ngan sach trong r6ng sau

Cach mang thang Tam ben canh boat dong Tudn le vdng

B TrUdc khi sang tham nxidc Phap thang 5 nam 1946,

Bac Ho dan quyen Chu tich nU6c Huynh Thiic Khang ve

each doi pho v6i giac la: "Di , ring van bien"

C Chien dich thu dong 1947 cua thUc dan Phap tan cong ndi nay

D Chien si nhd dong doi chat dijtt canh tay hi thiidng de tiep tuc chien dau trong chien dich Bien gidi 1950

E Con deo tren diidng so 4 danh dau chien thang cua quan ta trong chien dich Viet Bac 1947

F T i n h the cua nvf6c ta sau Cach mang t h a n g Tarn

difdc n h a n d i n h la " N g h i n can treo "

G D a i hoi Dang Ian t h i i I I n a m 1951 diidc to chile t a i

xa V i n h Quang thuoe huyen nay cvia t i n h Tuyen Quang

H Sii hy sinh cua anh ngay 9 thang 1 nam 1951 dkn den

ngay truyen thong Hoc sinh - Sinh vien miing 9 thang 1

I B i danh eiia chien dich Bien gi6i 1950

J Song chia c i t dat niidc sau Hiep d i n h Geneva 1954

K " N a m mifdi sau ngay dem khoet n i i i , , m\ia dam,

cdm v i t " (Hoan ho chien siDien Bien - To'HQu)

Hang doc: Chien dich dien r a trong nam mxidi sau

ngay dem (ngay 31 thang 3 den ngay 7 thang 5 nam 1954),

tieu diet va bat song 16.200 ten giac Phap

1. Loai may bay nem bom r a t h i e n dai cua M y t r o n g

chien t r a n h pha hoai H a N o i 12 ngay dem n a m 1972

(tieng A n h , viet tat)

4 Chien t h ^ n g A p B i c mci r a phong trao " A p Bic,

giet giac lap cong"

5 D i a danh thuoc diidng 9 Quang T r i , la ndi danh pha

ac liet cua may bay M y n a m 1968

6 Chien si dau tien cua Viet N a m l a i may bay va tieu diet B52 cua M y n a m 1972

7 DUdng chien liidc chi vien cho mien N a m difdc md vao t h a n g 5 n a m 1959

8 Chien lildc " mot phia" difdc M y va tay sai ap dung tai m i e n N a m Viet N a m n a m 1954-1960

Ta khoa: Phong trao Dong khdi nam 1960 no ra dau tien

d tinh nay, danh dau sii that bai cua chien Irfdc "chien tranh mot phia" cua My - nguy