Bồi dưỡng hóa học 12

Tinh chat hoa hoc a Phan ihig thuy phan * - Trong dung dich axit: • RCOOR' + HOH :^i===±RCOOH + R'OH Phan ling theo chieu tii trdi sang phdi la phdn ling thuy phdn este, phdn ling th

^ H C V N H VAN UT - HUYNH NHIEN DO QUYEN

PHAM TH! TUfai - PHAM THj HONG THAIVI

Giai thifdng Sach hay Viet Nam

GV Boi dif&ng hoc sinh gidi

B6I D I / O N G

.r _ - _ _ B

N H A X U A T B A N D A I H O C Q U O C G I A H A N O I

N H ^ X U ^ T B f I N Dfil HOC QUOC G i a Hfi NQI

16 H a n g Chuoi - H a i Ba TrtCng - H a N o i

B i e n thoai: Bien tap - Che ban: (04) 39714896

H a n h chinh: (04) 39714899: Tong Bien tap: (04) 39714897

Fax: (04) 39714899

Chiu trdch nhi^m xuat ban:

Gidm doc - Tong bien tap: TS P H A M T H I T R A M

Bien tap: Q U O C T H A N G

Sufa bai: N H A S A C H S A O M A I

Che ban: TlJCfNG V Y

Trinh bay bia: TUCfNG L I N K

Doi tdc lien ket xudt ban:

^et dinh xuat b a n so: 328LK-TN/QD-NXB D H Q G H N

song va nop lu^u chieu quy I n a m 2013

&i noi ddu

Cac b a i t a p a p dung v a nang cao difcfc g i a i c h i t i e t , I d i

g i d i p h u h d p v d i m o i do'i tifdng hoc s i n h , n h a m g i u p cac e m hoc s i n h l a m q u e n v a k h a c s a u k i e n thiJc t h o n g q u a cac b a i

t o a n v a phufdng p h a p g i a i tifng b a i t o a n

Quy e n sach l a t i i l i e u giiip cac e m h o c s i n h I d p 12 n a n g

cao n a n g l\ic t\i hoc d n h a cung nhu! r e n l u y e n de t h a m gia

vao cac d o i t u y e n hoc s i n h g i o i cac c a p V a l a t a i l i e u t h a m khao cho cac giao v i e n t h a m gia giang d a y d cac tru:dng p h o

t h o n g v a giao v i e n t h a m g i a b o i ditdng hoc s i n h g i o i

M a c d u d a co' gang trong qua t r i n h b i e n soan song

k h o n g t h e t r a n h k h o i nhGng t h i e u sot n g o a i y m u o n T a c

g i a i x i n c h a n t h a n h c a m d n cac y k i e n d o n g g o p , x a y d i i n g tijf p h i a b a n doc de I a n t a i b a n sau c u o n sach cd chat l i i d n g tot h d n

Tdc gid

CHl/dNG I

ESTE - LIPIT

A KIEN THLfC C A N N H 6

I E S T E

1 Cong thijtc chung cua mot so este

- Este tgo hdi R-COOH vdi R'OH: R-COO-R'

Neu R va R' no thi este la CnHznOz (n >2)

-, Este tg o bdi R-COOH vdi R '(OH),,: (RCOO)„R'

- Este tgo bdi R(COOH),„ vdi R'OH: R(COOR')^

- Este tgo bdi R(COOH)n, vdi R'iOH),,: Rn(COO)„„,R'„,

2 Ten ggi

Ten niia he thong cua este diigc ggi nhii sau: 'i '

Ten este = Ten goc hidrocacbon cua ancol

+ ten goc axit (doi duoi ic at)

Vi du: CH3COOC2H5 : etyl axetat

CHz^^CH-COO-CHj : metyl acrylat

CH3-OCO-[CH2]4-COO-CH3 : dimetyl adipat

C 1 7 H 3 5 C O O — C H 2

C 1 7 H 3 5 C O O — C H : glixerol tristearat

C 1 7 H 3 5 C O O — C H 2

3 Tinh chat vat li

- Cdc este thiidng it tan trong niidc, nhe hdn niidc, di bay hdi

- Co mill thdm dgc triing

4 Tinh chat hoa hoc

a) Phan ihig thuy phan *

- Trong dung dich axit: •

RCOOR' + HOH :^i===±RCOOH + R'OH Phan ling theo chieu tii trdi sang phdi la phdn ling thuy phdn este,

phdn ling theo chieu tiiphdi sang trdi Id phdn ijtng este hoa Phdn ving

thuy phdn este trong dung dich axit la phdn ling thugn nghich

- Trong dung dich baza: dun ndng este trong dung dich natri hidroxit,

phdn ling tgo muoi cua axit cacboxylic vd ancol Phdn ling nay la

phdn ling mot chieu vd con diiOc ggi phdn ting xd phdng hoa

Bdi DI/ONG H(3A HCIC12 5

RCOOR' + NaOH > RCOONa + R'OH

CH3COOC2HS + NaOH —> CHjCOONa + CzHsOH

Tuy nhien, mot so triidng hap ngoai muoi cua axit cacboxylic khong

tgo ra ancol ma tgo thanh andehit, xeton, muoi cua phenol, hogc chi

tgo thanh mot sdn phdm duy nhdt

CH,COOCH=CH2 + NaOH —> CHjCOONa + CH,-CH=0

CHsCOOCiCHshCH^ + NaOH —> CHjCOONa + (CHjJzC =0

R-COO-R' —> R-CH2OH + R'OH

c) Phan ihig cgng d goc hidrocacbon: Phdn ling cgng vd trtmg hap

khi goc R chiia lien ket n

Chu y: Ngoai cdc phdn ring tren, rieng este cua axit fomic, con c6

phdn iJtng trdng giiang giong nhii andehit

5 Dieu che

a) Este cua ancol

- Thiic hien phdn ling este hda:

RCOOH + R'OH < "^^"^'^ z> RCOOR' + HOH

- W muoi vd ddn xudt halogen cua hidrocacbon

RCOOAg + R'Cl > RCOOR' + AgCU

BO'I oadNG HdA HOC 1 2

b) Este cua phenol Tif halogenua axit va phenolat:

RCOCl + NaOCoHs > RCOOCeH^ + NaCl

- Tir anhidrit axit vd phenol:

(CH3CO)20 + HOCeHs > CHsCOOCgHs + CH3COOH

11 LIPIT

1 Khdi niem va cd'u tgo

- Chat beo (nguon goc dong vat, thitc vat] la este cua glixerol vdi axit beo (axit hHu ca mot idn axit mgch thdng, khdi liigng phdn tit Idn)

Cdc chat beo nay diigc goi chung Id triglixerit

Cong thdc tong qudt cua chat beo: CH2—OCOR1

C H — O C O R 2

CH2—OCOR3

Trong do: Ru R2, Rj cd the gio'ng nhau hogc khdc nhau

+) Mot so' axit beo thitdng gap:

Axit panmitic : C15H31COOH Axit stearic : C^HssCOOH Axit oleic : CiyH33COOH Axit linoleic : CMiCOOH

+] Thitdng gap cdc triglixerit pha tgp (R^ ^ R^ ^R^)

- Trong chat beo, ngoai este cua glixerol vdi axit beo con cd mot liigng nhd axit d dgng tiJ do diigc dgc tritng hdi chi so axit

- Chi so axit cua mot chat beo la so miligam KOH can thiet de trung

hda axit tit do cd trong 1 gam chat bdo

Vi du: Mot chat beo cd chi so axit bd-ng 9 Nghia la de trung hda

1 gam chat beo can 9 mg KOH

- Chi so este cua mot chat beo la so miligam KOH can thiet de thuy

phdn hoan toan litgng este cd trong 1 gam chat beo

- Chi so xd phong hda cua mot chat beo Id so' miligam KOH can thiet

de trung hda axit tii do vd thuy phdn hoan todn litgng este cd trong

1 gam chat beo

2 Tinh chat hda hoc

a) Phdn vtng thuy phdn

- Trong mdi trifdng nitdc hogc axit:

Chat beo khong bi thuy phdn bdi nitdc, khi cd xuc tdc axit hogc enzim chat beo bi thuy phdn thugn nghich cho glixerol vd axit beo:

- Trong moi triidng kiem (phan ling xa phdng hoa) pMn itng thuy

phan xay ra hoan toan:

chat long chat ran

[ I I XA P H O N G vA CHAT G I A T RLTA T O N G HOfP

1 Xa phdng la hdn hap cac muoi Na hoac muoi cua axit beo va mot

so chat phu gia

2 De san xuat xa phdng ngifdri ta c6 the:

- Dun nong chat beo vdi dung dich kiem

- Oxi hoa ankan (parafin) cua ddu mo nhd oxi khong khi, d nhiet do

cao CO muoi mangan xiic tdc roi trung hoa axit bhng NaOH hoQc KOH

3 Chat giqt rvta tong hap la nhffng chat khong phdi Id muoi Na hoac

K cua axit beo nhiing c6 tinh nang gigt riia nhiixd phdng

4 Chat gidt rtia tong hap difcfc sdn xuat ti( cdc sdn phdm cua dau mo

5 Xd phdng hi gidm tdc dung gigt rita trong niidc cvtng con chat gidt

tdy riia tong hap khong bi gidm tdc dung gigt rifa

6 Xd phdng cd liu diem Id khong 1dm hgi da, it gay 6 nhiSm moi

triidng Chat gigt riia tong hap gay hgi da do trong do cd chat tdy

trdng, gay 6 nhiem moi triidng

BAI TAP AP DUNG

lai 1 Ho^n th^nh cdc phiicfng trinh phan ufng theo scf do sau:

C H 4 ) A — ^ B —i51_>C — > E + B

lai 2 Viet phifcfng t r i n h phan ufng thifc hien day bien hda sau (viet cdc

chat d\i6i dang cong thufc cau tao):

^ W C n H i s O e CsHsOsNa C H 4

Biet C 5 H 1 0 O la mot ancol bac ba

ai 3. Viet cong thufc cau tao cac dong phan dcfn chufc, mach hor c6 the c6

cua C4H6O2

ai 4. Viet cong thufc cau tao cdc chat c6 ten sau day:

a) Isopropyl axetat b) Alylmetacrylat

BO'I DI/ONG HdA HQC 12

5- E^ot chdy ho^n toan 7,4 gam este X dcfn chufc thu di/ac 6,72 l i t k h i

CO2 (dktc) va 5,4 gam nU6c

a) Xdc dinh cong thufc phan tuf cua X

b) Dun 7,4 gam X trong dung dich NaOH vCfa du den k h i phan ufng ho^n toan thu diicrc 3,2 gam ancol va mot lugng muoi Z Viet cong thufc cau tao cua X vd tinh khoi lufcfng cua Z

Bai 6 Dot chay hoan toan 1,76 gam mot este X thu diTOc 3,52 gam CO2 va 1,44 gam H2O Xdc dinh cong thufc phan tijf cua X?

Bai 7. E la este ciia mot axit don chufc va ancol don chufc De thuy phan hoan toan 6,6 gam chat E phai dung 34,1 m l dung dich NaOH 10% (d = 1,1 g/ml) Lirgng NaOH nay dung di/ 25% so vdri lufong NaOH phan iJng Hay de xuat cong thufc cau tao dung cua E?

Bai 8. De xa phong hoa 17,4 gam mot este no don chufc c^n dung 300ml dung dich NaOH 0,5M Tim cong thufc phan tuf cua este dem dung

Bai 9 0,05 mol este E phan ufng vi/a du 100 gam dung dich NaOH 6%, ta

thu difcfc 10,2 gam muoi va 4,6 gam rxiau Biet rufou hoac axit tao

thanh E don chufc Hay xac dinh cong thufc cau tao cua E

Bai 10 K h i thiic hien phan ufng este h6a 1 mol C H 3 C O O H va 1 mol

2 C2H5OH, Itfong este thu dufoc lorn nhat la - mol De dat hieu suat CLTC

tj

dai la 90% (tinh theo axit) k h i tien hdnh este hoa 1 mol CH3-COOH

t h i can so mol C2H5OH la bao nhieu? (biet cac phan ufng este hoa thiTc

hien d cung nhiet do)

Bai 11. Tron 1 mol axit axetic vdi 1 mol rUgu etylic K h i s6' mol cac chat

trong hon hop khong thay ddi nufa, nhan thay lUOng este thu dUOc \k

- mol T i n h hkng so can bkng (K)

3

Bai 12 Thuy phan hoan todn 444 gam m6t l i p i t thu difoc 46 gam

glixerol (glixerin) va hai loai axit beo Xdc dinh cong thufc cua hai loai axit beo do

Bai 13. Hay viet phi^ong t r i n h phan ufng cua chat beo c6 cong thufc phan tuf nhtf sau:

c) Vdri H2 du, c6 N i xiic tdc, d nhiet do vd dp suat cao

Bfii DUONG H6A HOC 12 ^

tiii 14. Khi thiiy ph4n a g a m m6t este X thu dUcfc 0,92 gam glixerol, 3,02 gam^

muoi l i n o l e a t CiTHsiCOONa vk m gam n a t r i oleat CnHaaCOONa Tinh

gia t r i cua a, m. V i e t c o n g thijfc cau tao c6 the c6 ciia X

B a i 15 a ) De trung h5a liicfng axit beo tif do c6 trong 14 gam mot mSu

chat beo can 15ml dung dich KOH 0,1M Hay cho biet chi so' axit cua

mau chat beo tren

b) Tinh kho'i lacfng NaOH can thiet de trung h6a 10 gam m p t chfi't b6o

c6 chi so' axit 1^ 5,6

B a i 16. Hay t i n h chi so xk phong h6a cua m6t chS't b6o, biet rkng k h i

x^ ph6ng hoa hoan toan 1,5 gam ch§.'t b^o d6 can 50 m l dung d i c h

K O H 0,1M

B a i 17. Hay tinh khoi lucfng NaOH can de trung hoa axit tii do c6 trong

5 gam chat beo v6i chi so axit bang 7

B a i 18 Hay t i n h chi so' iot cua triolein

B6| DirdNG HOA H0C12

11

b) X&c d i n h cong thijfc cau t a o cua X kho'i l u a n g ciia Z:

B a i 6 T a c6: nco^ = = 0.08 (mol); nn^o = = 0.08 ( m o l )

Do n^Og = i^HgO X c6 do b a t bao h 6 a cua p h a n tuf A = 1

=> X 1^ este no, dofn chufc => X d a n g C n H 2 n 0 2

vay cong thufc p h a n tuf cua este 1^ C^H^Pz •

2 BO'I Di/dNG HdA Hnr

B a i 9 T a c6: nNaOH = ^'^^^ = 0,15 (mol) = Sneste => este 3 chufc

100.40 Theo de b a i , se c6 1 t r o n g 2 c h a t l a dcfn chufc n e n c6 2 truTcfng h o p :

Triidng h^p 1: a x i t d o n chufc rLfcfu b a chufc

V a y cong thufc cau t a o l a (HCOOgCgHs

Trildng hcfp 2: a x i t d a chufc v a rifgfu dcfn chufc

I DUdNG HOA HOC 12

13

a) K h i cho tac dung vdi dung dich KOH d nhiet do cao se xay ra phan

LJfng xa phong hoa triglixerit va ba muoi kali cua ba axit beo tren

b) K h i cho tac dung vdi h c6 dtf t h i c6 phan ufng cong I2 vao cac noi

doi trong goc axit beo khong no

c) K h i cho tac dung vdri H2 diT, xiic tac N i , t°, p t h i c6 phan iJng cong

vao noi doi trong g6c axit beo khong no

Bai 14 So d6: X + NaOH ^ CnHsiCOONa + CnHssCOONa + C3H5(OH)3

3,02

Ta c6: n •Ci,H3,COONa

302 = 0,01 (mol)

14 BO'I OUONG H6A HOC 12

=> ne„„33cooNa = 0,02 (mol) => m,_^„^^,„„,^ = 0,02 x 3 0 4 = 6,08 (gam)

0 92 M^: nNaOH = 3ngiixeroi = 3 X = 0,03 (mol)

b) Chi so axit la 5,6 nghia la de trung hoa 1 gam chat beo can 5,6mg

KOH Vay trung h5a 10 gam chat beo cdn 5,6mg x 10 = 56mg KOH

Hay = 0,001 mol KOH

1,5

Bai 17. Theo dinh nghia, chi so axit cua chat beo bkng 7 c6 nghia la muo'n trung hoa lucfng axit beo t i i do trong 1 gam chat beo phai dung 7mg

KOH Vay muon trung hoa axit beo i\i do trong 5 gam chat beo c6 chi

so 7 t h i phai dung 5 x 7 = 35mg KOH, hay ^ ^ m o l K O H

^ M ^ m o l OH" => ^ ^ ^ m o i NaOH ^ khol lifong NaOH c^n d l

56 56

trung hoa axit i\i do trong 5 gam chat beo c6 chi so axit bkng 7 la:

niNaOH = >^ 40g = 25 (mg) = 0,025g/5g chat beo

56

Bai 18. Phan ufng:

(C,,H33COO)3C3H5 + 3I2 (C,,H33COOl2)3C3H,

C B A I T A P N A N G C A O

B a i 1 D e t h u y p h a n h o a n t o a n 0,74 g a m m o t h 6 n h g p este dcfn chufc car,

7 g a m dung d i c h K O H 8% t r o n g nude K h i dun n o n g h 6 n h g p este noj

t r e n v d i a x i t H2SO4 8 0 % s i n h r a k h i X L a m l a n h X , diia ve dieu k i e ^

t h u d n g v a d e m c a n , sau do cho k h i I g i tii tii qua d u n g dich b r o m dy

t r o n g nifdrc t h i t h a y k h o i l i f g n g k h i g i a m 1/3, t r o n g do k h o i l i f g n g rieng

cua k h i g a n nhu k h o n g doi |

a ) T i n h k h o i liTgng m o l cua h o n hgp este, xac d i n h t h a n h p h a n h 6 n hgp

k h i sau k h i da l a m l a n h v a t i n h k h o i l u g n g cua chung

b ) Xac d i n h t h a n h p h a n h o n hgp este b a n dau

c) Neu p h a n ufng de p h a n b i e t 2 este t r e n , v i e t phtfong t r i n h p h a n ufng

B a i 2 L a m b a y h o i m o t chat hufu co A (chufa cac n g u y e n t o C, H , O) diJgc

chat h o i CO t i kho'i d o i v d i m e t a n b a n g 13,5 L a y 10,8 g a m chat A va

19,2 g a m O2 cho vao b i n h k i n , dung t i c h 25,6 l i t ( k h o n g doi) D o t chay

h o a n t o a n A , sau do giuf n h i e t do b i n h 163,8°C t h i ap suat t r o n g b i n h

b a n g 1,26 a t m L a y t o a n bg s a n p h a m chay cho v a o 160 g a m dung dich

N a O H 1 5 % dirge d u n g d i c h B c6 chijfa 41,1 g a m h o n h g p h a i m u o i K h i

r a k h o i dung d i c h c6 t h e t i c h V i l i t (dktc)

a ) Xac d i n h cong thCfc p h a n tii, v i e t cong thufc cau t a o cija A (biet r k n g

k h i cho A t a c d u n g v d i k i e m t a o r a m o t ancol v a 3 muoi)

b ) T i n h V i v a C% ciia cac chat t r o n g dung d i c h B

c) Cho 10,8 g a m A tac d u n g vCra du v d i V2 l i t d u n g d i c h N a O H 3 M t h u

dufgc a g a m hSn hgp m u o i T i n h V2 v a a

B a i 3 T h i i y p h a n h o a n t o a n este A cua m o t a x i t hufu co d o n chufc v a m o t

ancol d o n chufc b a n g lufgng dung dich N a O H vifa du L a m b a y h o i hoan

t o a n dung d i c h sau t h i i y p h a n P h a n h o i do dugc d a n qua b i n h 1 dgng

C U S O 4 k h a n di/ , h o i con l a i dugc ngUng t u h e t va o b i n h 2 d g n g N a da

t h a y CO k h i G b a y ra D S n k h i G qua b i n h dgng CuO dii, n u n g n o n g t h i

6,4 g a m Cu di/gc g i a i phong L u g n g este b a n dau t a c d u n g v d i dung dich

b r o m dif t h i co 32 g a m b r o m t h a m g i a p h a n ufng B r o m c h i e m 65,04%

k h o i lurgng p h a n tuf san p h a m sau k h i cong hgp vao A H a y :

a ) X a c d i n h cong thufc p h a n tijf v a cong thufc cau t a o ciia A

b ) H o a n t h a n h so do p h a n ufng:

^ trung htfp ^ g + NaOH ^ Q _ I _

B a i 4 D u n 20,4 garri m o t hgp chat hufu co A don chufc vdri 300 m l dung dich

N a O H I M t h u durgc m u o i B v a h g p chat hOu co C C t a c d u n g vdri N a dU

cho 2,24 l i t H2 (dktg) B i e t r a n g k h i n u n g muo'i B v d i N a O H t h u dirge

k h i K CO t i k h o i do'i v d i oxi b a n g 0,5 C l a m o t h g p chat d o n chufc k h i h i

oxi h o a b a n g k h o n g k h i t r e n Cu n o n g t a o r a s a n p h a m D k h S n g p h a n

ufng v d i d u n g d i c h AgNOa t r o n g NH3

a ) x a c d i n h cong thufc cau t a o cua B , C, A v a D

b ) Sau p h a n ufng giffa A v a dung dich N a O H t h u dirge F C6 c a n F dtfgc

1 cha't r ^ n T i n h k h o i l u g n g cha't r ^ n nay

c ) T h e m v a o 10,2,gam A m o t cha't G d o n chufc cung chufc h o a hoc v d i A

v d i so m o l n o = 0,5nA Do't chay h 5 n h g p A , G t h u dirge 33 g a m CO2 v a 12,6 g a m H2O X a c d i n h cong thufc p h a n ttf v a cong thufc cau t a o bi§'t

r k n g k h i d u n G v d i dung dich N a O H t a t h u difgc m u o i B t r e n v a m 6 t

s a n p h a m co p h a n ufng v d i AgNOa/NHs

gai 5- Cho v a o b i n h k i n co dung t i c h 500 m l 2,64 g a m m o t este A r o i d e m

n u n g b i n h d e n 273°C, t o a n bg este h o a h o i t h i ap sua't b ^ n g 1,792 atfti

a ) Xac d i n h cong thufc p h a n tuf cua A T i n h n o n g do m o l ciia dung dich

N a O H c a n t h i e t de t h u y p h a n h e t lirgng este n o i t r e n b i e t r a n g t h e t i c h

dung d i c h N a O H l a 50 m l

b ) x a c d i n h cong thufc cau t a o cua A v a t i n h k h o i l i f g n g m u o i t h u dirge sau p h a n ufng ( v d i h i e u suat 100%) t r o n g cac triTomg h g p sau:

- San p h a m t h u dirge sau p h a n ufng la h 8 n h g p 2 m u o i v a 1 rirgu

- San p h a m t h u dirge l a 1 m u o i v a 2 rifgu l a d o n g d 4 n g l i e n t i e p

Bai 6 M o t h o n h g p g o m h a i este d o n chufc, co 3 n g u y e n t o C, H , O L a y 0,25 m o l este n a y p h a n ufng v d i 250 m l dung d i c h N a O H 2 M d u n n o n g

t h i t h u dirge m o t a n d e h i t no m a c h hd vk 28,6 gam h a i m u o i hufu cO Cho

b i e t kho'i l u g n g m u o i n a y hkng 4,4655 I a n k h o i l u g n g m u o i k i a De

p h a n ufng h e t vdri N a O H con dU c a n d u n g 150 m l d u n g d i c h H C l I M ,

p h a n t r a m kho'i l u g n g cua oxi trong* a n d e h i t l a 27,58% X a c d i n h cong

thufc ca'u t a o eua h a i este ' \

Bai 7 M o t h 6 n h g p 2 este d o n chufc dugc n u n g n o n g vqri -mot l u g n g N a O H

viTa dij t a o r a h 6 n h g p dong dang l i e n t i e p v a h o n Hgp muo'ji

a ) D o t chay 2 rUgu t h u duge CO2 v a h o i H2O theo t i l e t h e t i c h 7 : 10

T i m cong thUe p h a n tuf va t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r a m theo s6' m o l c^e rUgu

t r o n g h o n hgp

b ) Cho 2 m u o i t a c d u i j g v d i lugng H 2 S O 4 viTa dii dugc h o n h o p 2 a x i t no

La'y 2,08 g a m h 5 n h g p 2 a x i t (nguyen cha't) cho vao 1 0 0 m l d u n g dich Na2C03 I M Sau p h a n ufng l u g n g Na2C03 d u tac d j j n g v i r a M i j vdi''85 m l

d u n g d i c h H C l 2 M

Xac d i n h cong thufc p h a n tuf eua 2 a x i t V a 2 este big't r ^ n g k h i d o t m 6 i

este deu t h u dugc m o t t h e t i c h k h i CO2 n h o h o n 6 I a n t h e tich hai este

do d cung dieu k i e n t° v a P

B a i 8 A v a B l a 2 chat hUu co d o n chufc eo ciing cong thUc p h a n tuf K h i dot chay h o a n t o a n 10,2 gam h 6 n hgp 2 chat nay^ean 14,56 l i t O2 (dktc), k h i CO2 v a h o i nude jbae-^featth-reo-the- tichaxhu nliavrtdo «f cung dieu k i e n ) BfiiDi/aNGH0AHgci2 T H I / V I E N T I 4 1 N H T H U A N ,7

Mat khdc k h i cho A, B tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH ngUffi ta tha'y:

- A tao dtrgc muo'i cua axit hOfu ca C va riigu D T i kho'i hoi cua C so vdi

H2 Ik 30 Cho hoi rtrou D di qua Qng dUng Cu dun nong dtfcfc chat E

khong tham gia phan uTng trang jgiiong

- B tao ra dirge chat C va D' K h i cho C tac dung vdi H2SO4 di^oc E'

tham gia phan ijfng trang gifong con k h i D' tac dung vdi H2SO4 dac d t°

thich hdp t h i thu diidc 2 anken

Xac dinh cong thufc cau tao cua 2 chat A, B

ai 9 Mot hdp chat hiJu cd X mach hd chi chufa 1 loai nhom chufc difdc di4u

che tii axit no A va rUdu no B Biet:

a) K h i dot chay a gam X thu difdc n^^ = n^j ^ + 0,2 mol, a gam X khi

hda hdi chiem mot the tich bang the tich cua 5,8 gam khong k h i d cung

dieu kien (lay MKK = 29)

b) K h i dot chay 1 mol riidu no B can 2,5 mol O2

c) a gam X tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH vCfa du tao ra 32,8 gam muoi

khan Hay cho biet cong thufc cau tao cua X

ai 10 Cho A la este cua glixerol vdi axit cacboxylic ddn chufc mach hd

Dun nong 7,9 gam A vdi NaOH cho t d i phan ufng hoan toan thu dtfdc

8,6 gam h6n hdp muo'i

Cho h6n hdp muoi tac dung vdi H2SO4 dii diidc hon hdp 3 axit X, Y, Z

trong do X, Y la dong phan ciia nhau, Z la dong dang ke tiep cua Y

Lay mot phan hon hop axit do dem dot chay va cho CO2 thu difoc tac

dung vdi dung dich Ba(0H)2 dii cd 2,561 gam ke't tua

a) T i m cong thi'jfc phan tuf va viet cong thufc cau tao cd the c6 cua A biet

Z CO mach cacbon khong phan nhanh

b) ,Tinh khoi liidng hon hdp axit da bi dot chay

ai 11 Cho 5,7 gam hdn hop 2 este ddn chufc, mach hd dong phan cua

nhau tac dung_vdi 50ml dung dich NaOH Dun nhe, gia suf phan ufng

xay r a hoan toan De trung hoa liJdng NaOH d\i can 50ml dung dich

H2SO4 0,5M ta thu dddc dung dich D

a) Tinh tong so' mol 2 este trong 5,7 gam hdn hdp biet rang de trung

hoa 10 ml dung dich NaOH can 30 ml dung dich H2SO4 0,25M

b) ChiJng cat D diTOc h6n hop 2 rUdu c6 so' nguyen tuf cacbon trong phan

tuf bang nhau Hon hop 2 mau lam mat mau 6,4 gam Br2 trong dung

dich Ne'u cho Na tac dyng vdi h6n hdp 2 riidu thu difdc x l i t H2 (dktc)

Co can phan con lai sau k h i chitog cat D roi cho tAc dung vdi H2SO4 thu

dirge hSn hgp 2 axit H6n hdp nay lam mat mau dung dich chufa y gam

Br2 T i m cong thufc phan tuf cua cac este

c) T i n h X, y va kho'i lifgng mdi rqgu

} Bdi DirflNG HOA HOC 12

ai 12. A Ik axit hOfu ca mach th&ng, B \k ancol dcm chufc bac 1 c6 nh6nh K h i

trung hoa hoan toan A t h i so mol NaOH can trung hoa gap doi so mol A

Khi dd't chay B tao ra CO2 vk H2O c6 t i le s6' mol tqong ufng Ik 4 : 5

Khi cho 0,1 mol A tac dung vdi B hieu suat 73,5 % thu ddgc 14,847 gam

chat hufu CO E

a) Viet cong thufc cau tao cija A, B, E v a g p i ten

b) Tinh khoi liTgng ciia A, B da phan ufng de tao ra lirgng chat E nhq tren

ai 13 Lay 100ml dung dich chufa 2 este A, B don chufc c6 nong do mol chung la 0,8M Cho hon hgp nay tac dung vdi 150ml dung dich NaOH

I M Sau phan ufng thu dirge 2 s a n pham hflu cd la 2 muoi C, D c6 kho'i

M 41

lirong la 10,46 gam (Ti le 2 phan tuf khoi — - = — ) dong thdi thu dirge

Mp 65

1 rirgu E CO khoi lirgng la 2,9 gam Rirgu nay khong ben bien thanh

andehit Sau phan ufng phai diing 200ml dung dich H C l 0,2M de trung hoa NaOH dir Xac dinh cong thufc phan tuf va cong thufc cau tao cua A

va B

Bai 14 Dot chay 17,6 gam mot hon hgp 3 chat A, B, C dgn chufc la dong phan va cho san pham chay Ian lirgt qua binh 1 dirng P2O5, binh 2 dirng

KOH dit t h i khoi lirgng binh 1 tang 14,4 gam va binh 2 tang 35,2 gam

a) Xac dinh cong thufc phan tuf va cong thufc cau tao c6 the cd cua A, B,

C biet r^ng ca 3 chat deu mach hd

b) Lay 17,6 gam hon hgp A, B, C va chia ra lam 2 phan bang nhau

Phdn 1: B i trung hoa bdi 0,5 l i t dung dich NaOH 0,1M d nhiet dp

thirdng {phan ling thuc hien trong thai gian ngdn)

Phan 2: Tac dung vtra du vdi 1 l i t dung dich NaOH 0,1M {dun nong mot

thai gian de phan ilng xdy ra hoan toan). Sau k h i c6 can dirge chat ran D

Hgi E dugc lam ngirng tu va sau khi loai het nirdc chufa trong E con lai

mot chat long c6 khoi lirgng la 2,58 gam Xac dinh cong thufc cau tao

dung cua A, B, C va thanh phan phan tram hon hgp theo khoi lirgng c) Them NaOH dir vao chat rSn D va nung hon hgp nay dirge m6t hon hgp k h i F Tinh t i khoi cua F doi vdi H2

Bai 15. Mot hon hgp X gom 2 este A, B dong phan {khong chica chicc hoa hoc

ndo khdc ngodi chdc este). Dot chay hoan toan X can 2,8 l i t O2 (dktc)

Cho ha'p thu toan bg s a n pham chay vao trong dung dich Ca(0H)2 diT

tao thanh 10 gam ke't tua va kho'i lirgng dung dich giam 3,8 gam

a) Xac dinh cong thufc phan tuf va cac cong thufc cau tao cd the cd cua A

va B

B6| DI/SNG HOA HOC 12

b) Goi Y , Z I k 2 d 6 n g p h d n m a c h hd c6 cung s6' nguy§n tuf C vk O v6i A,

B n h u n g i t hcfn 2 H Cho h 5 n horp p h a n drng v6i N a O H difcfc 2 m u d i va

rUcfu Cac a x i t tao r a 2 muo'i nay la 2 dong d^ng ke" t i e p va c6 mach

cacbon k h o n g p h a n n h a n h Cho 2 a x i t n a y p h a n uTng v d i 6 0 0 m l dung

dich Na2C03 I M ( a x i t t h e m t i f tU) t h i k h o n g c6 CO2 bay ra Sau p h a n

ijfng de tac d u n g h e t v d i l u g n g cacbonat p h a i d u n g 8 0 0 m l dung dich H C l

I M D o t chay h e t 2 a x i t t h u dirge 32,48 l i t CO2 (dktc)

Xdc d i n h cong thufc p h a n tuf va cong thufc cau tao cua 2 axit

T i n h t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r S m theo k h o i Itfgng cua h 6 n hcfp Y , Z

1 1 6 M o t h 6 n h o p X gom 2 chat hufu ccf A , B k h o n g tac d u n g vdi dung

dich Br2 va deu tAc dung v d i dung dich N a O H T i k h o i cua X do'i v d i H2

b a n g 35,6

Cho X tac d u n g h o a n t o a n vdfi dung dich N a O H t h i t h a y p h a i d i i n g

4 gam N a O H , p h a n ufng cho t a m o t rugu don chiifc va 2 m u o l ctia a x i t

hufu cof dcfn chufc N e u cho t o a n bo li/cfng ri/cfu t h u di/gfc tac d u n g v d i N a

da CO 6 7 2 m l k h i (dktc) t h o a t r a

Xac d i n h cong thufc p h a n tijf va cong thufc cau tao cija A , B

, 1 7 M o t h6n hop X gom 3 d6ng p h a n A, B, C m a c h h d deu chuTa C, H ,

0 B i e t 4 g a m h 6 n hcfp X d 136,5°C va 2 a t m c6 cung t h e t i c h v d i 3 gam

p e n t a n d 273°C va 2 a t m

a) Xac d i n h cong thufc p h a n tuf cua A , B , C

b) Cho 36 gam h o n hap tac dung viTa dij v d i dung d i c h N a O H c6 chufa

m g a m N a O H Co can dung dich diicfc chat r a n Y va h 6 n hop Z Z tac

d u n g vira dii v d i dung dich AgNOs/NHa tao r a 108 g a m A g va dung dich

Z' chufa 2 chat hufu ccf D i e n p h a n dung dich Z' v d i d i e n chiic t r o , c6

m a n g ng&n dugc h5n hcfp k h i F ben anot N u n g chat r d n Y v d i N a O H

diT dagc h6n h,ap k h i G D u n G v d i N i xiic tac dUgfc h 6 n hop k h i F' gom

2 k h i CO so m o l b k n g nhau

T r g n Ikn F v d i F' r o i cho qua ni/dc Br2 dif t h i k h o i li/cfng dung dich t a n g

l e n 1,75 gam K h i t r o n Ian F, F' cac chat k h o n g c6 p h a n ufng v d i nhau

1 X^c d i n h cong thufc cau tao cua A , B , C, b i e t r S n g m o i chat chi chufa

NhiX vay cA 2 Ijha nSng diu c6 1 este fomat, k h i d u n n 6 n g v d i H2SO4 b i

p h a n h u y tao r a CO ( M = 28), n g o k i r a con m o t k h i b i h a p t h u b d i nude •

V a y ckc gdc H C O O - va C2H5- p h a i thuoc ve 2 este khdc nhau

H 8 n hop chufa H - C O O - C H 3 (x mol) v^ R - C O O - C 2 H 5 (y mol)

Ta CO : x + y = 0,01 ; x = 2y (do CO = 2 x C2H4 )

y = 0,01/3 va X = 0,02/3

T a c 6 : 6 0 x ^ + (R + 73) x Ml o,74

3 3

=> R = 2 9 ^ C o n g thufc p h a n tuf 1^ : C2H5-COO-C2H5

K h o i l u g n g h d n hop k h i sau p h a n ufng v d i H2SO4 Ik :

28 X 0,01 = 0,28 (gam)

=> 0,02/3 X 60 = 0,4 (gam) H C O O - C H 3 5 4 , 1 % 0,34 (gam) C2H5-COO-C2H5 45,9%

P h a n b i e t 2 este b a n g p h a n ufng v d i dung dich A g N 0 3 t r o n g NH3 :

=> So m o l h o n hop sau p h a n ufng chky \k 0,6 mol

K h i cho CO2 v^o dung dich N a O H

CO2 + N a O H > NaHCOg CO2 + 2 N a O H — ^ NaaCOs + H2O

Do't ch^y A : C^HyO, + (x + | - | ) 0 2 xCOa + | H 2 0

(mol) 0,05 ^ 0,05x

M a : nj,o= o,05x = 0,45 X = 9

=> Cong thufc cua A di/gc viet l a i : CgHyO^ =i> y + 16z = 216 - 108 = 108

^ Cap n g h i e m phii hop: z = 6 vk y = 12 => C T P T ciia A 1 ^ C9H12O6

Theo de ra A tdc dung vdi NaOH cho ancol vk 3 muoi Yky ancol nky c6 ba

nhom chufc - O H va la glixerol, ba axit khdc nhau c6 tong so' cacbon la 6,

vay CO mot axit c6 1 nguyen tijf cacbon, mot axit c6 2 nguyen tCr cacbon va

mot axit c6 3 nguyen ttf cacbon

Cong thdfc cau tao cua A: H 2 C — O C O H

Nong do phan trSm cua dung dich B:

^ d u n g dich B ~ " ^ d u n g dich NaOH " ^ 0 0 ^ " ^ H ^ O

= 160 + 0,45 X 44 + 0,3 x 18 = 185,2 (gam) Phan L f n g : CO2 + NaOH > NaHCOg

C02 + 2 N a O H - )• NasCOg + H2O (mol) y 2y y

x + y = 0,45 fx = 0,3 84x + 106y = 41,1 |y = 0,15

=^ Va = 0,05 (lit)

=^ a = n^HCOONa + "lcH3COONa + " ^ C , H 3 C 0 0 N a = 12,2 (gam)

ai 3 a ) Lap cong thufc phan tuf vk cong thufc cefu tao cua este A:

Goi cong thOfc phan tiuf ciia este A 1^: RCOOR'

Phan Lfng: RCOOR' + NaOH - — — > RCOONa + R'OH (1)

Ta c6: nA = nancoi = 0,2 (mol) = n A chufa 1 lien ket 71 (C=C)

=> Cong thufc phan tLf cua A la: C4H6O4

Cong thurc cau tao cua este A: C H 2 = C H - C O O - C H 3

Vay R \k C3H7 cong thufc cua rifgu C la C3H7OH

Ydi C3H7OH ta CO 2 dong p h a n rtfcru

CH3-CH2-CH2OH CH3-CH2 -CHO + H2O

CH3 -CHOH-CH3 CH3-CO-CH3 + H2O

V i sdn p h a m oxi hoa D k h o n g cho p h a n ijfng vdri AgN03/NH3, D 1^ xeton

CH3-CO-CH3 vk rirgu B la CH3-CHOH-CH3

C6ng thufc caiu tao cua este A: CH3-COO-CH(CH3)2 (axetat isopropyl)

b) Chat r ^ n t h u di/cfc sau p h a n ufng

CH3COOC3H7 + N a O H > C H 3 C 0 0 N a + C3H7OH

(mol) 0.^ 0,2 0,2

=> nNaOH ban diu = 0,3' X 1 = 0,3 (mol)

V a y dif 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1 (mol) N a O H

Sau k h i c6 can dung dich F ta t h u dUgrc chat r ^ n gom 0,1 m o l N a O H

0,2 m o l CHgCOONa (Ri/gu C3H7OH 1^ chat l o n g bay di)

Cong thufc cua A viet gon 1^ C5H10O2

C5H10O2 + ^ 0 2 —> 5CO2 + 5H2O

X + ^ - 1

4 O2 -> xCOa

n CO, = 0,05x = 0,25 =:> X = 5 va n^^ =

0,05x 0,05y

= 0,20

| H 2 0 0,05y

San p h a m G la 1 andehit (ttf 1 rifcfu (e mol) k h o n g ben chuyen t h ^ n h )

Vay cong thufc cau tao cua (G) la C H 3 - C O O - C H = C H - C H 3

C H 3 - C O O - C H = C H - C H 3 + N a O H CHgCOONa + C H 3 - C H = C H 0 H

Ri/gu nay k h o n g ben chuyen t h a n h andehit: C H 3 - C H 2 - C H O

Bat 5 a) Cong thufc p h a n tuf cua este A

Phiicfng phap: A c6 cong thijtc la CJiyO^ (Vdi z = 2, z ^ 4 (dieste), z = 6 (tri este) v.v ) 4 an (x, y, z, nA) va 2 phiidng trinh (2,64 va so mol) thieu 2 phiiOng trinh nen sau khi c6 MA tif cho z = 2,4 tinh x, y, z, v.v

L o a i c6ng thufc C 7 H 1 6 O 2 v i C 7 H 1 6 thuoc C T T Q CnHgn ^ 2 hOp cha't no

t r o n g k h i este p h a i c6 1 noi doi C=0

N6ng dp dung dich NaOH

Este nay c6 2 chuTc este vay phan ufng vdi NaOH theo t i le mol 1 : 2

0,02 mol este A can 0,04 mol NaOH

CM(NaOH) = ^ = 0,8M

0, 05

b) Cong thufc cau tao cua A

Trifcfng i i t f p 1: San pham thu dirge gom 1 rirgu, 2 muoi t h i este phai

phat xuat tCr 1 mgu 2 chiifc 2 axit khdc nhau

RiCOOH, R2COOH, R3(OH)2

Este A ^ ^ R o

/

R 2 C O O

Tdng so cacbon trong Ri, R2, R3 la 5 - 2 = 3 Ri/Ou 2 chufc vay R3 tdi

thieu phai c6 2 nguyen tuf cabon CH2OH-CH2OH:

Ri, R2 con lai 1 nguyen tuf cacbon vay Ri = H (axit 1^ HCOOH) v^ R2 la

CH3- (axit la CH3COOH)

Vay cong thufc cau tao cua este la: H C O O — C H 2

H 3 C — C O O — C H 2

Chii y: Loai triTomg hop R3 c6 3 cacbon vay Ri, R2 khong c6 cacbon n^o

ca, Ri, R2 la H => chi c6 1 mudi la HCOONa (trai vdfi de)

Kho'i liiong 2 muo'i

H C O O — C H 2

u n nr^r^ i u + 2NaOH -> HCOONa + CHgCOONa + (CH20H)2

(mol) 0,02 0,02 0,02

m 2 muoi = 0,02(68 + 82) = 3 (gam)

Trifcfng hcfp 2: San pham thu difOc gom 1 muo'i vk 2 rufOu Vay este ph^t

xuat tCr axit 2 chufc va 2 rirou khac nhau

Axit: Ri(C00H)2, R L T O U : R2OH, R3OH

Ri, R2 va R3 CO tat ca 3 nguyen tuf cacbon R2, R3 phai c6 chufa cacbon

vay chi c6 the R2 la CH3- va R3 la C2H5- Vay Ri se kh6ng c6 cacbon

vay axit la COOH

pal 6 Ta c6: nNaOH = 0,5 (mol) va nHci = 0,15 (mol)

Phan iJng: NaOH + HCl > NaCl + H2O (mol) 0,15 0,15

H N a O H thay phan = 0,5 - 0,15 = 0,35 (mol) > 0,25 (mol) => Mot trong hai mudi 1^ do hop chat phenol tao thanh tiep tuc bi trung hda bdi NaOH

Andehit no, mach hd xuat phat bdi este don chufc nen cung don chufc

Cong thufc tdng qudt la: CnH2nO

Ta c6: ^ = <=> n = 3 (C3H6O) ^ CTCT: CH3-CH2-CHO

14n 72,42

Dat cong thufc tdng quAt cua 2 este la:

RC00-CH=CH-CH3 (a mol) va RCOO-R' (b mol)

Xet hai triTcfng hop sau:

+) Trifcfng hcfp 1: Neu mRcooNa = 4,4655 x mR-pNa

=> 0,25(R + 67) = 4,4655 x 0,1 x (R' + 30) => 2,391R' = R + 220,691 (4)

Giai (3) va (4), ta difgc: R = 1 (-H); R' = 7 (CeHg-)

+; Trifcfng hap 2: Neu m ^ o N a = 4,4655 x mRcooNa => V6 nghiem

v a y CTCT cua 2 este: HC00-CH=CH-CH3

Bai 7 a) X^c d i n h cong thuTc p h a n ttf cua 2 rUcfu

Goi cong thufc cua 2 este A , B l a A : R i C O O R ' i (a mol)

B: RaCOOR'a (b mol)

Este A, B dan chufc n d n a x i t R i C O O H , R2COOH 2 ruau R i ' O H , Rg'Oli

cung dan chufc

^co, •• VH^O = 7 : 10 vay n.^^ : n^^^ = 7 : 10

"coj < "H^O "^^y giong n h a trife/ng horp a n k a n 2 ri/au R ' l O H R'20Ii

deu la rugu no

D l xAc d i n h cong thufc p h a n tuf cua 2 rifgu n a y t a d u n g 1 rugu duy nha t

m = 3 =^ R'aOH 1& C3H7OH

T h a n h p h a n % theo s6 m o l cua h 6 n h g p 2 riigu

C2H5OH + 3O2 > 2 C O 2 + 3H2O (mol) a 2a 3a

n = 2 C 2 H 5 C O O H va m = 1 => C H 3 C O O H

Bfil DUONG H6A HOC 12

Vely cdc cong thufc c6 t h e c6 cua 2 este ijfng vdri m o i cfip nghi§m t r e n

H C O O C 2 H 5 v a C 5 H 1 1 C O O C 3 H 7

CH3COOC2H5 v a C3H7COOC3H7 C2H5COOC2H5 v a CH3COOC3H7

K h i dot chay mSi este CxHy02 t h i n^,^^ = xneste- V a y neu n^^^ < Sn^ste t h i

X < 6, este chufa dvtdi 6 nguyen tijf cacbon V a y ch i c6 cap n g h i e m cuoi

C2H5COOC2H5 v a CH3COOC3H" (so C = 5) l a tho a m a n dieu k i e n t r e n

Bai 8. A chac c h a n l a este con B tac dung vdfi N a O H t a o duoc 2 chat hOfu co

C , D' V a y B cung l a este

K h i d o t chay A , B t a difgc n^^^ = n^^^^

Vay cong thijfc cau tao cua A , B deu chufa 1 l i e n k e t n (cua n h o m C = O)

V a y m a c h cacbon cua A , B k h o n g c6 l i e n k e t n, do do A , B l a este no,

A x i t v a nfgfu t a o r a A , B cting l a h o p chat no

+) X a c dinh cong thu'c cua A , B

Phiidng phdp: Ta xdc dinh cong thu'c cdu tao cua axit C va rMu D, ti(

do viet cong thifc cdu tgo cua este

T i k h d i d^n^ = 30 =^ M c = 2 x 30 = 60

Do C l a a x i t no, C co cong thufc CnHgn + i - C O O H

H a y 14n + 46 = 60 => n = 1 v a C l a CH3COOH

A , B CO cung cong thufc p h a n tiJf la CnH2n02 n e n k h i do't chay h 5 n h o p

A , B CO t h e x e m nhtf d o t chay 1 chat duy n h a t co cung cong thufc phan

V a y A , B co cung cong thufc p h a n tuf l a C5H10O2

+) X a c dinh cong thu'c cau tao cua A

A l a este cua C H 3 C O O H vay A co cong thufc l a CH3COOR, C5H10O2 v a y

K h i x a p h o n g hoa este A , t a duoc vdri C3H7 m a c h t h ^ n g

CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + N a O H -> CH3COONa + CH3CH2CH2OH

Rifcfu E t h u dufoc l a rtfcfu bac 1, chat n a y k h i b i o x i h o a t r e n Cu n u n g

n o n g cho a n d e h i t

CH3CH2CH2OH + IO2 ^ — > CH3CH2CHO + H2O

A n d e h i t co p h a n ting t r a n g gifong, t r a i vofi de vay l o a i trLfomg h o p nay

H3C— COO—CH—CH3

CH3

+) X a c dinh cong thifc cau tao ciia B

B k h i b i x a p h o n g h o a t a o r a C v a D' D ' l a riJgu v i k h i b i khuf nifdfc (bcfi H2SO4) cho r a a n k e n va y C l a m u d i R C O O N a

V(Ji H2SO4, muo'i n a y co p h a n ufng

2 R C 0 0 N a + H2SO4 > 2 R C 0 0 H + Na2S04

A x i t R C O O H CO p h a n ufng t r a n g gifomg vay a x i t nay l a H C O O H

B l a este cua H C O O H v a co cau t a o l a H C O O R , vcfi cong thuTc p h a n tii

la C5H10O2 t a t h a y ngay R l a C4H9 v a ri/cfu D ' l a C4H9OH

V d i C4H9OH t a CO 3 dong p h a n (rifcfu bac 1 , 2 v a 3) t a chon cong thufc ca'u tao nao m a k h i b i khuf nu'cfc t a t h u diicfc 2 a n k e n

Ttiy theo H tdch r a v6i O H ( d l tab H g O ) 1^ d C i hay C 3 , t a se diTgrc 2 anken:

Bai 9 X l a 1 este ca chufa 1 h a y nhieu chiifc este

Gia sijT cong thufc cua X l a C x H y O z

Phitcfng phap: De biet chiia 1 hay nhieu chvtc este ta tim 1 he thitc

giQa y va X

+) N e u y = 2x => 1 l i e n k e t n (1 chufc este)

y = 2x - 2 => 2 l i e n k e t n (2 chufc este)

Chti y: K h o n g c6 l i e n k e t C = C do axit A v a ri/gu B t a o r a X deu l a hgfp

chat no vay X 1^ 1-este no ,

Goi t = nx ufng vofi a gam X

+) Cong thu-c cua B

D l CO t h e CO X l a 1 dieste, axit A c6 t h e don chufc h a y da chufc

• A CO 2 chufc axit OnH2n(OOOH)2

X se l a 1 dieste mach vong

Loai trirdng hop n a y v i theo de X l a 1 este mach h d

A l a don axit ROOOH Cong thufc cau tao cua este X l a :

RCOO—CH2 RCOO—CH2

Vaiy R l a CH3 v a axit A 1^ CH3COOH

Do do cong thufc cau tao cua X 1^:

H3C—COO—CH2

HO—CHo

I HO—CH2

H3C—COO—CH2

Bai 10 a) Gid stjT X, Y, Z c6 cong thufc Ik RjCOOH, R2COOH vk R'COOH

vdri Ri = R2 = R (vi X, Y dong phan) va R' = R + 14 (do Z la dong dang

ke tiep cua Y (hcfn Y mot -CH2-)

Vay cong thijfc cau tao cua este A xuat phat tU 3 axit tren va glixerol la:

Goi a = nA, phan uTng phong hoa cho ta 3 muoi vdri so mol moi mudi

deu bhng a

mA = a(Ri + R2 + R' + 173) = 7,9 hay a(2R + R' + 173) = 7,9 (1)

Kh6'i ItfOng 3 mudi

Y dong dang vdi Z nen cung c6 mach t h i n g CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH

X dong phan vdri Y c6 mach phan nhanh:

b) H5n hgfp 3 mudi vdri H2SO4

2C3H7-COONa + H2SO4 > 2C3H7-COOH + Na2S04

2C3H7-COONa + H2SO4 > 2C3H7COOH + Na2S04 2C4H9COONa + H2SO4 > 2C4H9COOH + Na2S04

Do so' mol 3 mudi bang nhau, so mol 3 axit X, Y, Z cung bang nhau

Goi X sd mol m6i axit trong hon hop daoc dem dd't chay

C3H7-COOH + 5O2 ~ — > 4CO2 + 4H2O (mol) x • 4x

C3H7-COOH + 5O2 — > 4CO2 + 4H2O (mol) x 4x

C4H9-COOH + 6,502 ^—-^ 5CO2 + 5H2O

0,001(88 + 88 + 102) = 0,278 (gam)

Bai 11 a) Este A: RCOORi' (a mol) B: R2COOR2' (b mol)

Tinh nNaOH trong 50 ml dung dich NaOH (diia tren 10 m l dung dich NaOH trung hoa 30 m l dung dich H2SO4 0,25M) va nNaOH du

Suy ra nNaOH phan ufng vdfi este

HNaGH = n2 este => a + b = 0,05 (mol)

B6| DliflNn H f i i H f i r 19 as

b ) ma este = M ( a + b) = 5,7 => M A = M B = 1 1 4

R i + R ' l = R2 + R'2 = 7 0

2 rugru vk axit d4u l ^ m mat mau rnidc Br2 vSy trong 2 rUcru cung nhij

trong 2 axit phai c6 i t nhat 1 chat khong no

2 rtfou axit c6 cCing so nguyen tijf cacbon vay 2 axit cung c6 cung s6'

nguyen tuT cacbon (do 2 este nay dong phan)

Cong thuTc chung cua 2 este: CnHsn + 2 - 2kCOOCniH2m + 1 - 2k'

(k, k' so lien ket n c6 tren gdc R , R') ta c6

R + R ' = 70 7(n + m) - (k + k') = 34

k + k ' = l = ^ n + m = 5

n , m phai > 2 (vi vdi 1 cacbon, khong the c6 2 riidu, 2 axit khac nhau)

k = 0, k' = 1 C2H5COOC3H5 (goc CO noi doi trong R ' O H phai t o i thieu

CO 3 nguyen ttf cacbon t h i r i i O u mdi ben)

k = 1, k' = 0 ^ C2H3COOC3H7

C 2 H 5 C O O - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 ; propionat propennil

C H 2 = C H - C O O C 3 H 7 ; acrilat propil

c) 2 rtrgu la C3H5OH hay C H 2 = C H - C H 2 0 H va C3H7OH chi c6 rifou dau

'* l a m mat mau n U d c Br2 vay

a) Theo de bai, ta c6: n A : nNaOH = 1 : 2 => A la axit hai chufc

Goi cong thufc tong quat cua A la R(C00H)2

Vi ancol 1^ ancol bac hai c6 nhdnh n§n B c6 cong thufc cau tao la:

H 3 C — C H — C H 2 — O H • ai^'^ol isobutylic

C H 3

h^n iJfng este \k:

H,SO, R(C00H)2 + nC4H90H ^

Cong thufc cau tao cua A : HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH: axit adipic

=> Cong thufc cSi'u tao cua E:

H O O C — C H 2 — C H 2 - C O O — C H 2 - C H - C H 3

C H 3

Isobutylhidro adipat

+ ) K h i n = 2 = > R = 0=> CTCT cua A: HOOC-COOH: axit oxalic

Cong thufc ca'u tao c u a E:

+) X6t trifcfng hcfp 3: Loai v i nNaOH khong du thuy phan so mol este

Bai 13 a) ChiJtng minh rdng 1 trong 2 este A, B cd chvta goc benzen bang

each so sdnh so mol NaOH phan ling vdi tong so mol este

Neu HNaOH > n2 este t h i 8 6 CO 1 este phan ijfng v6i NaOH theo t i le mol

1 : 2, este n^y c6 dang R - C O O - C e H s

A: RiCOOR'i (a mol)

B: RgCOOR'a (b mol) vdi R'2=C6H5

Phan dfng giufa A, B vdi NaOH (mol)

RiCOOR'i + NaOH

a a

R 2 C O O R ' 2 + 2NaOH

^mol) b 2b DU8NG HdA HOC 12

Tii (1) (2) ^ a = 0,05 (mol) A; b = 0,03 (mol) B

Chi c6 este A phan ufng cho ra rifcfu E

Phan ufng xa ph6ng h6a A, B chi cho ra 2 mudi vSy b^t bu6t trong 3

mudi RiCOONa, RgCOONa va R'aONa c6 2 mudi gidng nhau

Yky Ri trung vdi R2

-Khdi iLfgtng 2 mudi: m2 muol = niRcooNa + ^n\om

+) Cong thtfc cau tao cua A va B

A este cua axit C H 3 C O O H va rirgu C H 3 - C H = C H 0 H c6 cong thufc cau tao

la: C H 3 - C O O - C H = C H - C H 3

B este cua axit CH3COOH va phenol nSn B c6 cong thufc cau tao \k:

H3C—COO

B6I DUSNG HOA HOC 12

pai 14 a) Cong thufc phan tuf cua A, B, C

A, B, C la dong phan nen c6 cung CTPT P 2 O 5 hut nude

(P2O5 + 3H2O > 2H3PO4)

14,4 N§n mjj^o = 14,4 (gam) => mn = KOH hut CO2 n§n:

m^Q = 35,2 (gam) => mc =

= 1,6 (gam)

3.35,2

11 = 9,6 (gam) Kh6ng c6 nguyen t d n^o khac ngoai oxi

Suy ra: mo = 17,6 - (1,6 + 9,6) = 6,4 (gam)

12x y 16z 9,6 1,6 6,4 hay r96^ x _ y _ z 16 r64^

112; [ l e j

X

^ 8 = 16 = — hay — = — = - = n 4 - ^ 2 4 1 C T N la (C,H^O)„

Vi A, B, C dorn chufc, sd nguyen tuf oxi chi c6 the b^ng 1 (rLfgu, ete,

andehit, xeton) hay bkng 2 (axit, este)

+) K h i z = 1 => Cong thufc phan tuf la C2H4O Chi c6 the c6 1 c6ng thiJc cafu tao 1^ CH3-CHO (loai vi phai c6 3 dong phan)

+) K h i z =.2 => C4H8O2

Vay c6 lien ket n A, B, C chi c6 the la axit hay este

Axit CH3CH2CH2COOH CH3-CH(CH3)-COOH

Este HCOOC3H7 CH3COOC2H5 C2H5COOCH3

Co 3 triidng hop: +) Trufcfng hcfp 1: 3 este

+) Triicfng hgp 2: 1 axit, 2 este +) Trtrdng hop 3: 2 axit, 1 este

PhiTOng phdp: de chon tritdng hcfp dung, ta difa tren so mol NaOH

phdn ling d nhiet do thitdng va khi dun nong va tren khoi liidng 2,58 gam cua chat long

HNaOH d t° thifdng: 0,5.0,1 = 0,05 (mol)

n N a O H k h i dun nong: 1 x 0,1 = 0,10 (mol)

+) Trififng hcfp 1: A, B, C deu 1^ este

Do este gan nhtr khSng phan ufng vdi NaOH trong thdi gian ng^n, ta loai trifdng hcfp n^y

Bfii Di/flNG HOA HOC 12 3 9

+) Trirtfng hap 2; 1 a x i t , 2 este

So' m o l a x i t = so' m o l N a O H p h a n ufng cf t° thLfomg = 0,05 m o l

So' m o l a x i t + so m o l 2 este = nNaOH p h a n ufng k h i d u n n o n g = 0,10 m o l

n2 este = 0,10 - 0,05 = 0,05 (mol)

2 este k h i x ^ p h b n g h o a cho r a 2 muo'i v a 2 rtfcfu V a y k h i E bay len

g o m 2 rtfcfu v a nifdc Sau k h i l o a i h e t ntfdc con l a i h 6 n hcfp 2 riXcfu v a i

t o n g so' m o l b k n g so' m o l 2 este (0,05 mol)

M 2 r u a u = = 51,6

0,05

Mrugu 1 < 51,6 < Mri,cru2

Rtfcfu n a n g n h a t t r o n g ttf 3 este HCOOC3H7, CH3COOC2H5 va

C2H5COOCH3 \h C3H7OH CO M = 60 > 51,6 Cac rtfgu k i a C2H5OH ( M = 46)

=> a = 0,015 (mol) CH3OH v a b = 0,035 (mol) C3H7OH

CH3OH p h a t xua't ttf este C2H5COOCH3

V a y h o n hcfp k h i d a u g o m : 0,1 (mol) C3H7COOH =i> 5 0 %

0,03 (mol) C2H5COOCH3 => 1 5 % 0,07 (mol) HCOOC3H7 3 5 %

Chu y: Do A , B , C c6 cung cong thufc p h a n tuf (cung M ) n e n t h a n h p h a n

p h a n t r a m theo k h o i Itfcfng cung l a t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r a m theo so m o l

+) TrttUng hap 3: 2 a x i t , 1 este

n2 axit = H N a O H d nhiet do thifdng = 0,05 ( m o l )

neste + Haxit = nNaOH a nhift dp cao = 0,10 ( m o l )

:=> neste = 0,10 - 0,05 = 0,05 ( m o l )

V i c h i C O 1 este, p h a n ufng vdri N a O H c h i cho r a 1 rtfcfu C 3 H 7 O H ,

C 2 H 5 O H , C H 3 O H

0 B6I Dt/dNG HdA HOC 12

Do Mnrau = = 51,6 khac vdfi M cua 3 rtfcfu t r e n , v d y t a l o a i t r t f d n g

0,05 hcfp n a y

Tom lai chi c6 triidng hap 2 la dung

c) Sau p h a n ufng xa p h o n g h o a , t a dufcfc 3 m u o i C3H7COONa (0,05 m o l ) ,

C H s C O O N a va H C O O N a ( p h a t xua't ttf 2 este)

Khi n u n g 3 muo'i nay vdi N a O H , t a c6:

CsHTCOONa + N a O H > CgHgt + Na2C03 (mol) 0,05 0,05

CH3COONa + NaOH > C H 4 t + Na2C03

Bai 15 a ) C o n g thufc p h a n tuf va cong thufc ca'u t a o cua A , B

A , B la d o n g p h a n n e n c6 ctmg cong thufc p h a n tuf

T a de y r k n g n^^^^ = nj.^^ V a y h o p chat A , B nay c h i chufa 1 l i e n k e t n

Do A , B c h i chufa este n e n A , B c h i c6 t h e chufa 1 chufc este n § n c6 2

n g u y e n tuf oxi

C o n g thtfc p h a n tuf cua A , B la C x H 2 x 0 2

C x H 2 x 0 2 + O 2 — > X C O 2 + X H 2 O B61 Dl/flNG H6A HOC 12 41

T a c6: n„ = = 0,125 (mol)

22,4

^o, 3x - 2 0,125

' neo^ 2x 0,1

Vay cong thufc p h a n tijf cua A, B la C4H8O2

C o n g thufc cau tao c6 the c6 cua A, B:

HCOOCgHv, CH3COOC2H5, C2H5COOCCH3 '

b ) Y va Z C O cung so nguyen tijf C va O nhi/ng i t h o n 2 nguyen tuf H

Vay cong thufc p h a n tuf cua Y va Z la C4H6O2

- Y, Z p h a n ufng v d i N a O H cho m u o i va rufcfu vay Y, Z c h i c6 the l a axit

hoac este

- Y va Z k h o n g t h e cung 1^ este v i sii xa p h o n g h 6 a 2 este d o n g p h ^ n

p h a i cho 2 rtfgfu t r o n g k h i do de cho b i e t p h a n ufng c h i cho r a 1 rifgru

V a y Y p h a i l a este, Z l a a x i t

Vdri cong thufc p h a n tuf C4H6O2 hay CnHsn + 2 - 4O2, Y v ^ Z c6 2 l i e n k e t TI

vay Y va Z 1^ este hoac a x i t k h o n g no (c6 1 n o i d o i C=C)

Z c h i C O t h e l a : C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - C O O H hay C H 3 - C H = C H - C 0 0 H hay

C H 3 - C ( C H 3 ) = C - C O O H (loai v i theo de m a c h cacbon k h o n g p h a n n h d n h )

Y l a este c6 cong thufc cau tao l a C H 2 = C H - C O O - C H 3

H a i a x i t n a y p h a n ufng vdri Na2C03 m a k h 6 n g c6 k h i CO2 bay r a n g h l a

\h p h a n ufng m d i d e n g i a i doan tao r a N a H C 0 3

C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 H + Na2C03 > C H 2 - C H - C 0 0 N a + N a H C O g

C3H5COOH + Na2C03 C 3 H 5 C 0 0 N a + N a H C O a

z m o l z m o l z m o l

2 t r t f d n g h g p c6 th§' c6: Na2C03 p h a n ufng vifa du hoac dif Na2C03

B6I DUflNG H6A HOC 12

+ ) T r i f d n g hofp N a z C O ^ p h a n i J n g vijfa d u

T a c6: n^^^^^^ = y + z = n^^^.^^ = 0,6 (mol)

So m o l H C l can t h i e t de p h a n ufng vdri N a H C 0 3

H C l + N a H C 0 3 > N a C l + CO2 + H2O (mol) (y + z) (y + z) nnci = y + z = 0,6 (mol)

N a H C 0 3 + H C l > N a C l + C 0 2 t + H2O (mol) (y + z) (y + z)

^ nnci C h u n g = 1,2 - 2(y + z) + y + z = 0,8 (mol)

Bai 16 A, B k h o n g tac d u n g vdfi dung d i c h Brg, vay A, B 1^ h g p chat no

A, B tac d u n g v d i N a O H cho r a ri/gu va m u o i , vay A, B 1^ a x i t hay este

+) Trtfofng hgfp A , B deu la este

A, B p h a i C O cong thiJc R i C O O R vk R2COOR (cung R M p h a n ufng v<Ji

N a O H c h i cho r a m o t rufou duy n h a t )

R i C O O R + N a O H > R i C O O N a + R O H (mol) a a a a

R2COOR + N a O H > R 2 C 0 0 N a + R O H

(mol) b b b b

661DI/8NG H6A HOC 12, • 4 3

= 71,2

m 4 10/3 8/3 2 4/3 +) V d i n = 1 , m = 4, ta c6:

A : CH2O2 CO cong thufc cau tao Ik: H C O O H

B: C4H8O2 CO 4 cong thufc cau tao la:

HCOOCH2CH2CH3 HCOOCH(CH3)2 CH3COOC2H5 C2H5COOCH3 +) Vdri n = 4, m = 2, t a c6:

A: C4H8O2 v d i 2 c6ng thufc cau tao cua axit

C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2-COOH va CH3-CH(CH3)-COOH B: C2H4O2 c6 cong thufc cau tao l a : HCOOCH3

Bdl DUdNG HOA HOCI2

ai 17 a ) Phifcfng phdp: Ta tinh MA = MB = Mc de cd mot he thvtc giffa x,

y, z (CMyOz) Cho z= 1, 2, tinh x, y

X vk pentan k h o n g d cung t° n e n t a dufa ve cung dieu k i e n t° = 273°C,

p = 2 a t m DUa ve dieu k i e n t " , P nay, t h e t i c h m d i cua h o n horp X l a :

M B = Mc) Vori cong thufc 1^ C^HyO^, t a c6: 12x + y + 16z = 72

1 phifong t r i n h , 3 a n n e n t a Ian lucft cho z = 1 , 2 Suy r a x, y

Iky cong thufc p h a n tuf la C3H4O2

b) De chon giufa 2 cong thufc C4H8O va C3H4O2 t a diia t r e n t i n h chat la

X tac dung v d i N a O H cho r a chat r a n (muo'i) v a hoi c6 chufa andehit (tCr rifou k h o n g ben bien t h a n h )

Do do A, B, C phai c6 2 nguyen tCf oxi vk cong thufc phan tuf dung la C3H4O2

Cong thufc cau t a o C3H4O2 thuoc cong thufc t o n g quat l a C„H2n + 2 - 4O2

nen A, B, C c6 2 l i g n k e t TT

Vay CO 3 cong thufc cau tao:

A : C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 H (axit k h o n g no) B: H - C 0 0 - C H = C H 2 (este k h o n g no) C: C H O - C H 2 - C H O (2 chufc andehit) Loai C H 3 - C O - C H O v i c6 2 loai n h o m chufc

b b

Vay chat ran Y gom 2 mudi C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 N a v^ HCOONa, con h6n

hop hori Z chufa 2 andehit CH3CHO va CHO-CH2-CHO

Vdri dung dich AgNOa/NHs, 2 andehit cho phan ijfng: (thu gon)

Dung dich Z' chijfa 2 chat hOfu ccf la CH3COONH4 va CH2(COONH4)2

K h i dien phan d anot ta c6 phan ijfng oxi hoa 2 anion

Meu la triidng hap 7; a = b - a b = 2a (2)

/ z

y a y hon hgp X chufa: 0,125 mol C H 2 = C H - C 0 0 H

0,25 mol H - C 0 0 C H = C H 2 0,125 mol CHO-CH2-CHO

c = 0,292 va b am loai triJcfng hgfp nay

c) nNaOH = a + b - 0,375 (mol) => mNaOH = 0,375 x 40 = 15 (gam)

A7

CHl/dNG I I

CACBOHIORAT

A KIEN THLfC CAN NH6

L GLUCOZa

1 Tinh chat cua ancol da chvtc:

a) Tdc dung vdi Cu(OH)2:

O nhiet do thifdng, glucozd da phdn vtng vdi Cu(OH)2 cho phifc dong

glucoza CU(CBHUOB)2 titang tii nhiiglixerol

2C6Hi20e + Cu(OH)2 > (CBHi20e)2Cu + 2H2O

b) Phdn ling tao este:

Glucoza CO the tao este chiia 5 goc axit axetic trong phdn tit khi tham

gia phdn itng vdi anhidrit axetic [CHsCOJzO khi c6 mat piridin

2 Tinh chat cua andehit dOn ch^c:

a) Oxi hoa glucozd bang dung dich AgNOj trong amoniac (phdn ling

trdng bgc):

Dung dich AgNOj trong NH3 dd oxi hoa glucoza tao thanh muoi amoni

gluconat vd bgc kim logi bdm vdo thanh dng nghiem

HOCH2[CHOH]4CHO + 2AgN03 + 3NH3 + H2O —>

HOCH2[CHOH]4COONH4 + 2Agi + 2NH4NO3

Amoni gluconat b) Oxi hoa bdng Cu(OH)2:

HOCH2lCHOH]4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH —>

HOCH2[CHOH]4COONa + Cu^ol (do ggch) + 3H2O

natri gluconat c) Khiiglucoza bdng hidro:

CH20H[CHOH]4CHO + H2 —> CH20H[CHOH]4CH20H

sobitol

3 Phan ling len men: Khi cd enzim xiic tdc, glucoza trong dung dich

len men cho ancol etylic vd khi cacbonic:

CoHM > 2C2H,OH + 2C02"[ •

ll SACCAROZa - C , 2 H 2 2 0 „

1 Phan iJtng cua ancol da chvtc v&i mot so hidroxit kim logi:

Trong dung dich, saccaroza phdn itng vdi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dich ddng saccarat mau xanh lam Saccaroza tdc dung vdi vdi sifa cho cai^xi sacarat tan trong nifdc Tinh chat nay du'cfc dp dung trong qua trinh sdn xudt vd tinh che difdng

2 Phdn ihig thuy phan:

C,2H220u + H2O > CaHj20o + CoH,20r,

glucoza fructoza Phdn ii'ng thuy phdn saccaroza cQng xdy ra khi c6 xuc tdc enzim

III TINH BOT, (CeHu,Os)n

1 Phan vtng thuy phan:

Dun nong tinh bot trong dung dich axit vd ca lodng se thu diiac glucoza-

(CrMwO,}n + nH20 > nCoH,20,

Trong ca the ngitai vd dong vat, tinh hot bi thuy phan tgo thanh glucoza nhd cdc enzim

2 Phdn vtng mau v&i iot:

Do cdu tgo mgch d dgng xodn cd 16 rong, tinh bot hap thu iot cho mail xanh luc Khi dun nong thi mau xanh bi mat, de ngugi thi mau xanh xudt hien

IV XENLULOZa

1 Phan vfng thiiy phan

(CoH^oOs),, + nH20 ^"'"^ > nCBHj20B

glucoza

2 Phdn ii'ng este hoa vdi axit nitric:

[CsHy02(OH)3]n + SuHNOj , ^ " • " • ^ ^ " 4 d a c , [c,Hy02(ON02)3]n + 3nH20

xenluloza trinitrat Xenluloza trinitrat rat de chdy vd no mgnh khong sinh ra khdi nen no du'gc dimg 1dm thudc sung khong khdi

B.BAI TAP AP DUNG

^ ^ i 1 Viet cac phan tfng theo sof do chuyen ddi sau day:

Saccaroza canxi saccarat saccarozcf glucozo n/gfu etylic

axit axetic —> natri axetat metan andehit fomic

^ai 2 Viet phi/ang t r i n h phan ufng theo scf do tao thanh va chuy§'n hoa tinh hot sau day:

, 0 CO2 — ( C e H i o O s X , — ^ C12H22OU — ^ C6H12O6

— C 2 H 5 O H

B a i 3 H a y n h a n b i e t cac h o p chat t r o n g m o i day sau day hkng phLfcfng

p h d p h o a hoc:

a) FructozO, phenol

b) Glucozcr, g l i x e r o l , metanol

c) Fructozcf, fomandehit, etanol

Bai 4 T r i n h bay each n h a n biet cac hgfp chat t r o n g dung d i c h cua m 5 i day

sau day b a n g phi/ang p h a p hoa hoc:

a) Glucozcf, g l i x e r o l , etanol, a x i t axetic;

b) Fructozor, g l i x e r o l , etanol;

c) Glucozcf, fomandehit, etanol, axit axetic »

Bai 5 D u n g m o t h o a chat l a m thuo'c thtf de p h a n b i e t d u n g d i c h cac hoa

c h a t t r o n g cdc day sau hkng p h u o n g p h a p hoa hoc

a) D u n g d i c h saccarozcf, mantozcf

b) Rtfcfu etylic, diictng cu cai, difdng m a c h n h a

Bai 6 C h i d u n g 1 thuo'c thtf, hay p h a n b i e t cac d u n g d i c h chat r i e n g biet:

Saccarozcf, mantozo, etanol va f o m a l i n

Bai 7 Dot chay hoan toan 0,171 gam mot chat difcmg ngiicfi ta diicfc 0,264 gam

CO2 va 0,099 gam H2O Phan tijf Itfcfng cua no bang 342 Neu cho 0,171 gam

chat dUofng do tac dung vdi dung dich axit clohidric, roi cho san pham

glucozcf t h u difgc tac dung vcfi dung dich AgNOg t r o n g amoniac t h i t h u di/oc

0,108 gam bac Hay cho biet cong thijfc phan ttf va cong thtfc cau tao cua

• chat diicfng do

B a i 8 H o n hcfp m g a m gom glucozcf va fructozcf t^c d u n g vdri li/cfng diT dung

d i c h AgNOs/NHs tao r a 4,32 gam Ag C u n g m g a m h o n h o p n a y tac

d u n g VLfa h e t v d i 0,8 gam Br2 t r o n g d u n g d i c h n\J6c H a y t i n h so mol

ciia glucozcf va fructozcf t r o n g h o n hop b a n dau

Bai 9, T h u y p h a n h o a n t o a n 62,5 gam dung dich saccarozo 1 7 , 1 % trong

m 6 i t r U d n g a x i t t a t h u diTcfc d u n g d i c h X Cho AgNOa/NHs vao dung

d i c h X va d u n n h e t h u dtfOc k h o i li/ofng bac l a bao nhieu?

Bai 10 NgUcfi t a d u n g 1 t a n k h o a i chufa 7 5 % hot va bot n a y c6 chufa 209f

nUdfc de l a m rtfou Kho'i lifcfng r i e n g cua rUgfu l a 0,8 g/ml T i n h t h e t i c h

mgu 95°' dieu che diicfc

Bai 11 Cho m gam t i n h bot l e n men t h a n h ancol etylic vdri hieu suat 8 1 %

T o a n bo CO2 s i n h r a h a p t h u hoan t o a n vao dung d i c h C a ( 0 H ) 2 t h u

diiac 550 ga m k e t t u a va dung dich X D u n n o n g dung dich X l a i t h u

t h e m 100 gam k e t t u a nOfa Xac d i n h k h o i l u o n g t i n h bot dem dung

p a i 12 LUOng m u n ctfa (chufa 5 0 % Ik xenlulozo) cfin 1^ bao n h i e u de sdn

x u a t 1 t a n C2H5OH, b i e t h i e u suat ca qua t r i n h d a t 70%

Bai 13- T i e n h a n h thuy phan 324 gam t i n h bot c6 xuc tAc axit vdi hieu suat cua

phan iing 75% Hay t i n h k h o i li/gmg glucozo t h u diTcfc sau p h a n ufng

Bai 14- B o t chay h o a n t o a n 0,01 m o l m o t cacbohidrat X t h u dugc 5,28 gam

CO2 va 1,98 g a m H2O

a) T i m cong thufc p h a n tuf cua X, b i e t r k n g t i le k h o i lifong H v^ O

t r o n g A l a : m n : mo = 0,125 : 1

b) Xac d i n h cong thufc cau tao va goi t e n X, bi6't r k n g 1,71 gam chat X

t h u y p h a n v d i d u n g d i c h a x i t clohidric r o i cho t a t ca san p h a m t h u

difoc t^c d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h AgNOg t r o n g N H 3 d u t h u dtfcfc 1,08 gam

bac B i e t p h a n ufng xay r a h o a n t o a n Bai 15 D o t chay h o a n t o a n 0,855 gam m o t cha't difdng t h i t h u dvtac

1,32 gam 0 0 2 va 0,495 gam H2O P h a n tijf k h o i cua di/Cfng tr§n gap 1,9 I a n p h a n tuf k h o i glucozcf T i m cong thufc cua difdng

HifdNG DAN GIAI

Bai 1 P h a n ufng:

C12H22O11 + Ca(0H)2 > C12H22O11.CaO.H2O C12H22O11.CaO.H2O + CO2 > C12H22O11 + C a C O g ^ + H2O C12H22O11 + H2O > C6H12O6 + CsHiaOe

(Glucoza) (Fructoza)

C6H12O6 3,^"gc > 2C2H5OH + 2 C 0 2 t C2H5OH + O2 Z^-Sc > CH3COOH + H2O

c) - D u n g Cu(0H)2 de n h a n bie't fructozcf (cac chat khac k h o n g p h a n dng)

- D u n g p h a n ufng t r a n g bac de p h a n b i e t fomandehit v d i etanol

ai 4 a ) T r i c h m 6 i c h a t m o t i t l a m m l u thtf

N h i i n g quy t i m I a n lifgt vao cac m a u thtf t r e n

- M S u thijf l a m quy t i m hoa do 1^ a x i t axetic

- B a m a u thtf c6n l a i k h o n g c6 h i e n tiigng

Cho Cu(0H)2 I a n lucft vao ba mAu thuf con l a i

- M l u thuf k h o n g c6 h i e n tUcfng g i la etanol

- H a i mSu thijf con l a i tao dung dich m a u x a n h , sau do dun nhe h a i

c) Cho giay quy t i m vao cac dung d i c h chiifa cac hoa chat t r e n , dung

d i c h nao chuyen m a u quy t i m t h a n h do la a x i t axetic Sau do, cho

Cu(0H)2 v^o ba m a u thtf con l a i

- M a u thijf tao d u n g d i c h m a u x a n h la glucoza

- H a i mSu thtf con l a i khong c6 hien ttfomg gi la: H C H O va C 2 H 5 O H

D u n n o n g h a i mSu thuf nay, m a u thtf tao k e t t u a do gach la H C H O ,

con l a i l a C2H5OH

i 5 a ) Cho AgNOa t r o n g dung dich NH3 vao 2 ong n g h i e m chufa

saccaroza va mantozcf r o i dun nong, ong n g h i e m nao c6 bac k i m l o a i

b a m vao t h a n h ong n g h i e m t r o n g sang b o n g ( p h a n ufng t r a n g gi/ong)

la ong n g h i e m chufa mantozcf, con dung d i c h t r o n g o n g n g h i e m k i a

k h o n g p h a n ufng la saccarozof

b) Dif&ng cu cai chufa saccarozcf, dtf&ng m a c h n h a chufa mantoza Cho 3 dung d i c h t r e n vao 3 ong n g h i e m chufa Cu(OH)2 va dun nong, ong

n g h i e m cho dung d i c h m a u x a n h l a m la ong n g h i e m chufa saccaroza,

6 n g n g h i e m c6 k e t t u a m a u do gach chufa dtforng m a c h n h a , con ong

n g h i e m k h o n g c6 h i g n ttfcfng g i chufa rtfOu etylic

2C12H22O11 + Cu(0H)2 > Cu(Ci2H2iOii)2 + 2H2O

P h a n t ^ mantozcf (dtforng m a c h nha) do h a i goc glucozcf l i e n k e t v 6 i nhau

qua nguyen tijf oxi V i n h o m " - 0 H " hemiaxetal a goc glucozcf thuf 2 con

ttf do n e n t r o n g dung dich, goc nay m d vong tao r a n h o m - C H = 0 nen

tAc d u n g vdfi Cu(0H)2 k h i dun nong cho CU2O k e t tiia m a u do gach

Bai 6. C h o n thuoc thuf C u ( 0 H ) 2 / 0 H '

- D u n g Cu(0H)2 nguoi n h a n r a saccarozcf va m a n t o z d (do tao phufc t a n

m a u x a n h l a m ) ( n h o m 1)

- Con etanol va f o m a l i n k h o n g p h a n ufng ( n h o m 2)

- Cho m a u thuf d m o i n h o m tac d u n g vcfi Cu(0H)2 c6 dun n o n g

- C h a t p h a n ufng, tao k e t tiia do gach la mantozor (doi vcfi n h o m 1) va

f o m a l i n (doi v d i n h o m 2)

Tif do suy r a chat con l a i of m 5 i n h o m

Bai 7 T a c6: mc = ^ ^f^"^ = 0,072 (gam); me = = 0,011 (gam)

11 y

mo = 0,171 - (0,072 + 0,011) = 0,088 (gam) Goi cong thufc dtfcfng la C x H y O z t a c6:

C o n g thufc p h a n tuf ciia dtfcfng: C12H22O11

C12H22O11 l a saccarozcf hoac mantoz o k h i tac d u n g v d i d u n g dich H C l dun n o n g va t h u y p h a n deu cho r a glucozcf

P h a n ufng t r a n g gtfofng cua glucozo:

X6t phdn lifng thuy ph^n:

C12H22O11 + H2O ^^—^ > C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

Saccarozd glucoza fructoza

C12H22O11 + H2O ) 2C6H12O6

Mantozcf glucozcf

V a y chat dudng can t i m l a saccarozcf

Sai 8 P h a n i l n g : CgH.^Og + Ag^O > CgH.^O, + 2 A g ;

Ci2H220n + H2O — ) C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

Saccarozcf glucozcf fructoza

0 , 8 1 162n X 7,5 x 44 , ,

= > X = = 750 (gam)

0,81 X 8 8 n

Bai 12. Goi x \k so m o l xenlulozcf:

(CeHioOs),, + nHaO > nC6Hi206 (glucozcf) CeHiaOe ) 2 C 2 H 5 O H + 2CO2

ai 14 a ) D a t c 6 n g thufc p h a n tii ciia c a c b o h i d r a t X Ik CJi O ,

Cong thufc p h a n tuT X: C12H22O11

b) Cha't X t h u y p h a n t r o n g dung dich H C I , san p h a m sau p h a n iJng

t h a m gia p h a n uTng t r a n g bac, san p h a m la glucoza

C H 2 0 H [ C H O H ] 4 C H O + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH ^

CH20H[CHOH]4COONH4 + 2 A g l + S N H g t + H2O

(gam) 180 216

(gam) 0,9 , 1^08

Cong thufc p h a n tuf \k Ci2H220n c h i Ik saccarozcy v i k h i b i t h u y p h a n

t r o n g m o i tri/cjng cho glucozor vk fructozcf K e t l u a n n a y phu h g p v6i

=> m = 1,71 g a m (phu h o p v d i k h o i liTcfng de b a i cho)

li 15 T a c6: mc = ^ x m c o , = 0,36 (gam); mH = ^ x mn^o = 0,055 (gam)

Bdl Ol/dNG HdA HOC 12

C BAI TAP NANG CAO

Bai 1. D o t chay hoan toan 0,171 gam m o t chat dufirng ngufiri t a ducfc 0,264 gam

CO2 va 0,099 gam H2O Phan t\i lugng cua no bang 342 Neu cho 0,171 gam

chat difcfng do tac d u n g v d i dung dich a x i t clohidric, r o i cho san p h a m glucozo t h u diiOc tac d u n g v 6 i dung dich AgNOs t r o n g amoniac t h i t h u

diJgrc 0,108 g a m bac H a y cho biet cong thufc p h a n tuf v a cong thufc ca'u

tao cua chat diicfng do

Bai 2 T i n h k h o i lurgng ancol etylic t h u difcfc tiT:

a) Mot t a n ngo chufa 65% t i n h bot, hieu suat phan ling len m e n dat 80%

b) M o t t a n m u n ciia chufa 50% xenlulozo, hieu suat cua ca qua t r i n h

t h u y p h a n xenlulozo v a l e n m e n glucozo t h a n h rtfofu d a t 70%

Bai 3 T i n h k h o i liicfng glucozo tao t h a n h k h i t h u y p h a n :

a) 1kg b o t gao c6 80% t i n h h o t con l a i la t a p chat t r o

b) 1kg m u n cifa c6 50% xenlulozo, con l a i la t a p chat t r o c) 1 k g saccarozo

Gia t h i e t rSng cac p h a n ufng x a y r a hoan toan

Bai 4. Tif 10kg gao nep (c6 80% t i n h h o t ) , k h i l e n m e n se t h u dtfoc bao nhieu l i t con 96° ? B i e t r k n g hieu suat cua qua t r i n h l e n m e n d a t 80%

va con 96° c6 k h o i luTcfng r i e n g D = 0,807 g/ml

Bai 5 M o t n h a m a y t i e n h a n h l e n m e n glucozo de t h u difou rUcfu De dieu che 1 l i t dung dich ancol etylic 4 0 ° (d = 0,8 g/ml), h i e u suat H = 80%

t h i k h o i li/gng glucozo can la bao nhieu?

Bai 6, NgLfdi t a d u n g 1 t a n khoai chufa 75% bot v a b o t n a y c6 chufa 20%

nudrc de l a m nfOu K h o i liiong r i e n g ciia vxian la 0,8 g/ml T i n h t h e t i c h

rifcfu 95° dieu che dugc

Bai 7 Cho m g a m t i n h b o t l e n m e n t h a n h ancol etylic vdri h i e u suat 8 1 %

Toan bo C O 2 s i n h r a h a p t h u hoan toan vao dung dich C a ( 0 H ) 2 t h u

Mac 550 g a m k e t t u a v a dung dich X D u n n o n g dung dich X l a i t h u

t h e m 100 g a m k e t t u a niJa Xac d i n h k h o i li/ong t i n h b o t d e m dung

Bai 8. Lufong m u n ciia (chufa 50% l a xenlulozo) can la bao n h i e u de s a n xuat

1 t a n C2H5OH, biet h i e u suat ca qua t r i n h d a t 70%

Bai 9 T a i m o t n h a m a y san xuat ru'Ou d Quang N g a i , cuf 12 t a n t i n h bot se san xuat di/gc 1,8 t a n etanol H o i hieu suat cua qua t r i n h dieu che riigu cua n h k m a y tren?

;B4i 10. De s a n xuat ancol etylic, ngtfcri t a d u n g nguyen lieu l a m u n c\ia va

v6 bao t i f g5 chufa 50% xenlulozo N e u m u o n dieu che' 1 t a n ancol etylicj hieu suat q u ^ t r i n h l a 70%, t h i k h o i li/gng nguyen lieu m a n h a m a y can d u n g l a bao nhieu?

Bfil DU8NG H 6 A H O C 12

[ 11. T i n h kho'i l u g n g glucozcf d e m l e n m e n , b i e t rkng k h i cho t o ^ n b6

b ) Xac d i n h cong thufc cau tao goi t e n X, b i e t r a n g 1,71 g a m chat X

t h i i y p h a n vcfi dung d i c h a x i t clohidric r o i cho t a t c a s a n p h a m t h u dtfgc

tac d u n g v d i d u n g dich AgNOs t r o n g NH3 d n t h u dtfgc 1,08 gam bac

B i e t p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n toan

i 13 D o t cha y h o ^ n t o a n 0,0855 gam m o t cacbohidrat X San p h a m dLfOc

dSn vao ntfdfc v o i t r o n g t h u diioc 0,1 g a m k e t t i i a v a dung d i c h A, dong

t h ^ i k h o i l u g n g dung d i c h t a n g 0,0815 gam D u n n o n g dung dich A l a i

difcrc 0,1 g a m k e t t i i a nufa

a ) T i m cong thdc p h a n tijf cua X, b i e t r a n g k h i l a m bay h o i 0,4104 gam

X t h u diicfc t h e t i c h k h i d u n g hkng the t i c h 0,0552 g a m h 6 n ho p h o i

ri/gu etylic v a a x i t fomic d o t r o n g cijng dieu k i e n

b ) Xac d i n h cong thufc cau tao ciia X, b i e t rkng 3,42 gam cha't X tac

d u n g V L f a du v d i 2 5 0 m l C H 3 C O O H 0,32M

i 14. Saccarozo c6 t h e tao r a e s t e chufa 8 gdc a x i t axetic t r o n g p h a n tuf

C o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua e s t e n a y l a gi?

i 15. D o t chay h o a n t o a n 16,2 gam m o t cacbohidrat X t h u d i T o c 13,44 l i t

k h i CO2 (dktc) v a 9 gam nifdc

a ) T i m cong thufc don g i a n n h a t ciia X v a X thuoc l o a i cacbohidat nao

d a hoc?

b ) D u n 16,2 gam xenlulozo t r o n g dung dich a x i t t h u duoc d u n g dich Y

Cho Y tac d u n g v d i l i i g n g d i i dung dich AgNOa/NHs t h u dtr0c bao n h i e u

g a m Ag G i a suf h i e u sua't ciia qua t r i n h b a n g 80%

i 16, Cho 4 cha't hOfu c o X, Y , Z, T , oxi hoa h o a n tokn tUng cha't deu cho

cung k e t qua: cuf tao r a 4,4 gam CO2 t h i k e m theo 1,8 gam H2O va can

m o t t h e t i c h oxi vi^a d i i n g b a n g t h e t i c h CO2 t h u duoc T i l e p h a n ti(

k h d i cua X) Y , Z, T b a n g 6 : 1 : 3 : 2 va s o n g u y e n t u cacbon t r o n g m o i

cha't k h o n g n h i e u h o n 6 Xac d i n h cong thufc p h a n tuf cua X, Y , Z, T

1 17. D e m 1000 t a ' n b o n g c h u f a 9 5 % xenlulozor t h i T c h i e n p h a n ufng hoa

e s t e v d i a n h i d r i t axetic, t r o n g d o ^6 3 0 % xenlulozo t a o t h a n h diaxetat

xenlulozof, 6 0 % xenlulozo t a o t h a n h t r i a x e t a t xenlulozo T i n h k h d i l i r g n g

h d n h o p s a n p h a m t h u d i r g e

Bdi OI/SNG H6A HOC 12

p^i 18. H 6 a t a n h o a n t o a n 3,42 gam h o n h o p saccarozcf, m a n t o z o vac nUdc, pha l o a n g t h a n h 100 m l 1/10 dung dich nay l a m ma't m a u vifa du 10 m l dung d i c h nufdrc b r o m 0,05M T i n h h a m lufgng % theo k h d i Itrgng h o n hgp dau N e u d u n n o n g dung dich k h i c6 m a t H C l d e n p h a n ufng t h i i y

p h a n h o a n t o a n r o i m d i cho tac d u n g v d i dung d i c h nifdc b r o m t h i 10 m l dung d i c h l a m ma't m a u bao n h i e u m l dung d i c h b r o m 0 , 0 5 M ?

pal 19- H o a t a n 4,32 g a m h o n hgp m a n t o z o va glucozo vao ni/dc, p h a loang

t h a n h 100 m l d u n g dich La'y 10,0 m l dung d i c h thifc h i e n p h a n ufng

t r a n g bac tao t h a n h 324 m g A g k e t tiia N e u dem t h u y p h a n h o a n t o a n

h o n hgp trufdc k h i dem t r a n g bac t h i 10,0 m l d u n g d i c h t r e n se tao r a

C12H22O11 la saccarozcf hoac mantoz o k h i tdc d u n g v d i d u n g dic h H C l dun n d n g l a t h i i y p h a n deu cho r a glucozcf

P h a n ufng t r a n g giicfng ciia glucozo:

C H 2 0 H - ( C H O H ) 4 - C H O + 2 A g N 0 3 + 3NH3 + H2O

CH20H-(CHOH)4-COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag4

ng„eo.a = JnAg = i X ^ = 0,0005 (mol)

V a sd m o l difdng: = 0,0005 (mol) — Ilglucozo

342

X e t p h a n ufng t h i i y p h a n :

C12H22O11 + H2O "'-^^ ) C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

Saccaroza glucoza fructoza

C l 2 H 2 2 0 i i + H2O > 2C6H12O6

Mantoza glucoza

V a y cha't dudng can t i m la saccarozO

I DUflNG H6A HOC 12 5 9

B a i 2 a ) T a c6: mtinh bot = 1 t a n 6 5 % = 0 , 6 5 t a n = 6 5 0 k g

(C6Hio05)„ + n H a O > nCeHiaOe

1 6 2 n kg 1 8 0 n kg 650kg " ^ C e H i a O e = 7 2 2 , 2 2 (kg)

Vi qua trinh len men dat 80% nen:

500kg X

m p „ n = ^ = 555,55 (kg) C6H12O6 162 X n

555 55 X 70 Hieu suat 70% => mcgHi^Og t^ifc te = ' - ^ = 388,9 (kg)

C e H i a O e — " " " " " > 2 C 2 H 5 O H + 2 C O 2 (2)

180kg ^ 92kg 388,9kg ^ ?

Hieu sua't 70% ^ m ^ ^ H ^ O H thuc t ' = —^^00 = ^^^'^^

0,5 X 180m ^ _ 162m

c ) Phan ufng: C12H22O11 + H 2 O — — — > C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

(2)

m 162n

Vi hieu suat qua trinh len men dat 80% nen:

Bai 6 P h a n ufng: (CeHioOsX, + nHgO —> nCsHiaOg

CgHiaOe hl^^lJ^ 2C2H5OH + 2 C 0 2 t (CsHioOsXi > nCgHisOe > 2nC2H50H

Khoi lugng bot trong khoai: ^ -lO*^ = 75.10" (g)

The tich raau nguyen chat: ^^'^'^ = 42,55.10" (ml)

0,8

The tich mgu 95°: ^^'^^"^^^ 100 = 44,8 lO" (ml) = 448 (lit)

95

lai 7 Phan ijfng:

CO2 + Ca(0H)2 ^ CaCOa^ + H2O

(gam) 162n 88n

7 , 5 x 4 4 (gam)

Bai 11 Phan uTng:

CeRnOe 3o"3gc > 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Theo de, ta c6 he phi/cfng trinh: •

84x + 106y

1050 + 44(x + y )

X + 2y = 2 Giai he 2 phiicfng t r i n h ta c6: x = 1 va y = 0,5

Tdng so moi C O 2 = 1,5 (moi)

Theo (1) so moi CeHiaOe = 0,75 (moi)

Khoi liiong glucozcr hi len men = 0,75 x 180 = 135 (g)

Tii lap luan tren ta c6 x = 12; y = 22

b) Chat X thuy phan trong dung dich H C l , san pham sau phan ufng

tham gia phan ufng trang bac, san pham la glucozo

C H 2 0 H [ C H O H ] 4 C H O + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH >

C H 2 0 H [ C H O H ] 4 C O O N H 4 + 2 A g i + SNHgt + H 2 O

(gam) 180 216

(gam) 0,9 1,08

Cong thufc phan tuf la C12H22O11 chi la saccarozcf v i k h i b i thuy phan

trong moi trqcfng cho glucozcr va fructozo Ket luan nay phu hop vdi

duf kien de bai cho

• C12H22O11 + H 2 O > C6H12O6 + C 6 H 1 2 O 6

fructozcf glucoza

(gam) 342 180 180

(gam) m : o,9

=> m = 1,71 gam (phu hop vdi kho'i lugng de bai cho)

«oi 1 3 a ) D a t c o n g thufc p h a n tuf c u a c a c b o h i d r a t 1^ C x H y O z

y z

4 2 O2 - > X C O 2 + ^ H 2 O

C O 2 + Ca(0H)2 > CaCOa^ + H 2 O

(gam) 44 100 (gam) 0,044 0,1

Ca(HC03)2 CaCOg^ + H 2 O + C O g t

(gam) 162 100 (gam) 0,162 0,1

2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 > Ca(HC03)2

(gam) 88 162 (gam) 0,088 0,162

Tong khoi li^gng CO2: 0,044 + 0,088 = 0,132 (gam)

Cong thufc phan tuf X: ( C i 2 H 2 2 0 i i ) n

Phan i\i khoi cua rirou etylic va axit fomic la b^ng nhau (M = 46 gam)

nen k h i thay doi khoi liiong moi chat trong h6n hop, khong dan den thay doi so moi trong h5n hop

Theo de bai ta c6: 0,01 moi X tac dung vcfi 0,08 moi axit C H 3 C O O H

1 moi X tac dung vdi 8 moi axit C H 3 C O O H

Vay trong cong thdc cau tao cua X c6 8 nhom - O H Do chinh l a dudng

saccarozo hoac diicrng mantozo Cong thufc cau tao cua di/dng s a c c a r o z O

v& mantozo (xem SGK)

^filOl/8NGHnAHnri»

ai 14 Saccarozcf c6 cong thdfc ph&n tuf: C12H22O11

Do tao este 8 chufc nen trong phan ttf saccarozcf c6 8 nhom O H , nen c6

the Viet C12H22O11 = Ci2Hi403(OH)8

^ este: Ci2Hi403(OCOCH3)8 = CssHggOig

Cong thufc nguyen cua X : (CeHioOs)^, va X thuoc loai polisaccarit

b) Phan ufng: (C6Hio05)n + nHgO ) nCgHiaOe

Vi H = 80% nen mAg thu dirge thitc té = -^QQ

ai 16 Goi c6ng thufc tong qudt cua X, Y, Z, T la CxHyỘ^

Ta c6: n

= 1 7 , 2 8 (gam)

"^'^ = 0,1 (mol); riH 0 = ^ = 0,1 (mol)

Phucfng trinh hoa hoc cua phan iJfng dot chay:

CxHyÔ + ' y

x + - —

4 2 (mol) x + — — y z

4 2

O2 - > X C O 2 + ^ H a O

ax 0,5ay Theo phaang trinh hoa hoc tren ta c6: xa = 0,5ay => y = 2x

y z

X + -^^ = xa

4 2

(1) Thay y = 2x vao (1) ta c6: x + 0,5x - 0,5z = x => x = z

Cong thufc tong quat cua cAc hap chat hufu cof X, Y, Z, T la: CJl2xỘ

Ma Mx : M Y : Mz : M T = 6 : 1 : 3 : 2 Mx 16n nhgit My nho nhat vi X

khong quA 6 nguyen tuf C nen Y chi c6 the c6 1 C

Vay X la CeiiM; Y: C H 2 O ; Z: CsHsOg; T : C2H4O2

ai 17 Phifotng trinh phan ufng hoa hoc:

3ai 18- Ban dau chi c6 mantoza phan ufng vdi brom

R-CHO + Bra + H 2 O > R-COOH + 2HBr

Ta c6: nmantoza = 10 X 0,05 X 0,01 = 5.10^^ (mol) hay khoi lifcfng mantoza

= 1,71 gam, chiem 50% khoi liforng h6n hcfp daụ

Khi dun nong dung dich vdri HCl ca saccaroza, mantoza dau bi thuy phan

t"

Saccaroz0 + H 2 O > Glucoza + Fructoza

t"

( C i 2 H 2 2 0 i i + H 2 O > C6H12O6 + C6H12O6)

Mantoza + H 2 O > Glucoza + glucoza

(C12H22O11 + H 2 O > C6H12O6 + C6H12O6)

Do vay so mol B r 2 phan ufng la = 2nn,antozo + nsaccarozo = 1,5.10"^ mol

=i> the tich dung dich nufdc brom 0,05 M tham gia phan ufng la: 30 ml

Bai 19 Ban dau chi c6 mantoza, glucoza phan ufng trang bac theo t i le 1 : 2

> C6H11O7NH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3)

Khi thuy phan: Mantoza + H 2 O > Glucoza + glucoza

(C12H22O11 + H 2 O — > C6H12O6 + C6H12O6)

Trong thi nghiem 1: so mol mantoza la x, glucoza la y trong 10 m l dung

dich, ta c6: 2(x + y)108 = 0,324 Mat khac: 10(342x + 180y) = 4,32 x = 1.10"^ mol va y = 5.10'* mol

Trong thi nghiem 2: sau k h i thuy phan so mol glucozo trong 10,0 ml la

2,5.10-3 mol khoi luang Ag tao ra: 108 x 2 x 2,25.10-' = 0,54 gam

A7

- Metylamin va propylamin cung nhii nhieu amin khdc khi tan trong

mtdc da phan ling vdi mtdc tiidng tit NH3, sinh ra ion OH~

CH3NH2 + H2O ^==± [CH^NH^r + OHT

- Anilin va cdc amin thOni phdn ihig rat kern vdi mtdc

CeHsNH^ + HCl > [CcHsNH^rcr anilin phenylamoni clonia

Cd the so sdnh tinh bazO cua cdc amin nhit sau:

I AMINO AXIT

1 Tinh chat Iit&ng tinh:

HOOC-CH2NH2+ HCl > HOOC-CH2~NR,Cr H2N-CH2COOH + NaOH > H2N-CH2-COONa + H2O

2 Tinh axit - bazd cua dung dich amino axit: Trong dung dich,

glyxin CO tinh can bang:

H2N-CH2-COOH ^=±

imjCHz-coQ-=> khong lam doi man quy tim

Glutamic cd can bang:

HOOC—CH2CH2CH—COOH T ^ -OOC—CH2CH2CH—C00-+ /f^

NH2 N^Hg

=> 1dm quy tim hda hong

Tinh axit-baza cua nhom cacboxyl va amoni: (HzNJhRfCOOHJa

+) Khi a = b; dung dich (HzNJaRfCOOHJa cd moi tritdng trung tinh +) Khi a > b: dung dich (HzWtRiCOOHJa cd moi triidng axit

+) Khi a < b: dung dich [H2N)i,R(COOH]a c6 moi tritdng bazd

3 Phan vtng rieng cua nhom -COOH: phan vtng este hoa

NH2CH2 COOH + C2HSOH , ^, H2NCH2COOC2HS + H2O Thiic ra, este hinh thdnh du'di dang mudi:

C I H g N - C H , - C O O C H ,

4 Phan vtng trUng ngitng: Khi dun ndng cdc z - hoqc w -amino axit

tham gia phdn u'ng trimg ngitng tqo ra polime thuoc loqi poliamit

nH2N-[CH2]5-COOH —^ (-NH-lCHzls-CO-],, + nHzO

III PEPTIT VA PROTEIN

Chu y: Peptit cd the bi thuy phdn khong'hodn todn thdnh cdc peptit

ngdn hdn nhd xiic tdc axit hoqc bazd va dqc biet nhd cdc enzim cd tdc dung xuc tdc dqc hieu vao mot lien ket peptit nhat dinh nao dd

b) Phan vtng mau biure: trong moi tritdng kiem, Cu[OH)2 tdc dung vdi

peptit cho hdp chat mau tim

B PROTEIN

- Titdngtit nhiipeptit, protein bi thuy phdn nhd xuc tdc axit, bazd hoqc enzim sinh ra cdc chudi peptit va audi cimg thdnh cdc a-amino axit -Protein cd phdn ling mau biure vdi Cu(OH)2

IV KHAINIEM VE ENZIM VA AXIT NUCLEIC 1- Enzim

a) Khai niem: enzim Id nhQng chat hdu het cd ban chat protein, cd khd ndng xiic tdc cho cdc qua trinh hda hoc, dqc biet trong cd the sinh vat

b) Dqc diem cua xuc tdc enzim: cd hai dqc diem:

~Hoqt dong xuc tdc cua enzim cd tinh chon Igc rat cao

- Td'c do phdn ling nhd xuc tdc enzim rat Idn

2 Axit nucleic o) Khai niem: Axit nucleic Id polieste cua axit photphoric va pentozd

(monosaccarit cd 5C); mdi pentozd Iqi lien ket vdi mot bazd nitd (dd

Jd cdc hdp chat di vdng chiia nitd difdc ki hieu Id A, X, G, T, U)

b) Vai tro cua axit nucleic:

- Axit nucleic c6 vai tro quan trong nhdt trong cac boat dong song CUQ

cd the, nhii siJ tong hdp protein, sif chuyen cdc thong tin di truyen

- ADN chiia cdc thong tin di truyen

- ARN chu yeu nim trong te bao chat, no tham gia vao qua trinh giaj

ma thong tin di truyen

B BAI TAP AP DUNG

Bai 1 Viet phifcfng t r i n h hoa hoc theo so do chuyen ddi sau :

Canxi cacbua > axetilen

a) Viet cong thufc cSu tao cua A, B, C, D, E (dang doi xufng)

b) Viet c^c phLforng trinh hoa hoc bieu dien cdc chuyen doi trgn

Bai 3 Co 4 binh mat nhan dirng rieng biet cdc chat: metanol, glixerol,

dung dich glucozo, dung dich anilin Bkng phtfong phdp h6a hoc hay

nhan biet tiTng chat Viet phifong trinh hoa hoc

Bai 4 Trinh hky phifong phdp h6a hoc phan biet t t o g chat trong cdc

nh6m sau:

a) CH3NH2 ; NH2-CH2-COOH ; CHaCOONa

b) C6H5NH2; CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH; CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH; CH3-CHO

Jai 5 Dung m6t hoa chat, hay phan biet cdc dung dich: 16ng trdng trufng,

- glucozo, glixerol va ho tinh bot

Jai 6 C6 4 dung dich trong lo mat nhan: 16ng trdng trufng, xd ph6ng,

glixerol, ho tinh b6t Bkng phifong phdp hoa hoc hay nhdn big't cdc

cha't trong 4 lo ma't nhan tren

5ai 7 So sdnh tinh baza cua cdc hop chd't sau: C 2 H 5 N H 2 , C 6 H 5 N H 2 , N H 3

!ai 8 Cho cdc cha't sau:

(1) Amoniac (2) Anilin

(3). p-Nitroanilin (4) p-Metylanilin ' (5) Metylamin (6) Dimetylamin

Hay sdp x6'p theo kha ndng tdng dan tinh bazo cua cdc chat da cho tr&n? f

p ^ i 9. Chon c a u t r a Idi d u n g : s^p x e p cAc c h a t s a u t h e o c h i e u t d n g c u a

t i n h b a z O tii t r a i q u a p h a i

(1) C H 3 - C 6 H 4 - N H 2

(III)

CI-N H ,

cdc phiTOng trinh phan ufng

Bai 10 X la mot hop chat hufu c6 mach hd chufa cdc nguy^n t6 C, H , N

trong do N chiem 23,72% X tac dung v6i dung dich HCl theo t i le mol

1 : 1 Xdc dinh cong thufc phan tuf, viet cong thufc cau tao c6 the c6 cua

X, ghi ten va cho biet bac amin cua t t o g chat

Bai 11 Biet Z la mot a-amino axit no chi chufa nhom - N H g va m6t

nh6m - C O O H Cho 15,1 gam Z tac dung vdri dung dich HCl du, thu difoc 18,75 gam muo'i cua Z Hoi cong thufc phan tuf cua Z Id gi?

Bai 12 Cho h6n hop hai amin don chufc no Lay 1,52 gam hon hop tr6n

tdc dung vdri 200ml dung dich HCl thi dtfOc 2,98 gam muoi

a) Tinh tdng so' mol hai amin va nong do mol cua dung dich HCl b) Neu so mol hai amin bdng nhau Hay tim cong thufc hai amin

Bai 13 Xac dinh cong thtfc phan ttf cua mot amin, biet t i le giufa so' mol cua

X v6i HCl Id 1 : 3 Khi dot chay thu difoc 3,08 gam CO2 vd 0,99 gam nifdc

Bai 14 a) Cho 17,7 gam mot ankyl amin X tdc dung vdi dung dich FeCls dif

thu di/gc 10,7 gam ket tua Xdc dinh cong thufc cua X

b) Dot chdy hoan toan 6,2 gam mot amin no, don chufc Y thi can vifa

du 10,08 lit oxi (dktc) Tim cong thufc phan tuf cua Y

Bai 15 Viet cong thufc cau tao va goi ten cdc dong phan cua cdc hop cha't

CO cong thufc phan tuf C4H11N

HlfdNG D A N GlAl

Bai 1 Phan ufng:

CaC2 + 2 H 2 O > C2H2 + Ca(0H)2,

C 2 H 2 + 2 H 2 ^ ^ C2He C2H6 + HON02ioang — ' - ^ ^ ^ - ^ C2H5NO2 + H 2 O

- Cho AgNOs t r o n g dung dich amoniac v^o 4 m a u thuf chufa 4 chat tren

wk dun nong, m a u thtf nao cho phan ufng t r a n g bac la dung dich glucozo

- Cho 3 m a u t h i f con l a i tac dung vdfi Cu(0H)2 m a u thijf nao cho dung

dich mku x a n h l a m 1^ glixerol

- Cho Tuidc b r o m vao h a i mSu thuf con l a i , m a u thijf nao cho k e t tua

t r ^ n g \k anilin^ mSu thuf k h o n g c6 h i e n tLfomg g i x a y r a 1^ metanol

Hoc s i n h tii v i e t cac phifcfng t r i n h hoa hoc

{ a i 4

a) T r i c h m 6 i dung dich m o t i t l a m mSu thijf

- N h u n g quy t i m I a n liiat vao cAc mku thtf: '

- M a u thijf k h o n g c6 h i e n ti/gng g i l a : N H 2 - C H 2 - C O O H

- H a i mku thtf con l a i l a m quy t i m hoa xanh l a : CH3NH2, CHsCOONa

D u n g dua t h u y t i n h n h u n g vao dung dich h a i chat n ^ y r o i dtfa l a i gan

m i e n g o n g n g h i e m chufa H C l dac, mku nao c6 h i e n tuong k h o i t r d n g

1^: CH3NH2, con l a i la CHgCOONa

C H 3 N H 2 + H O H C H 3 N H 3 " + O H "

C H 3 C O O - + H O H C H 3 C O O H + O H "

b ) T r i c h m 6 i chat m o t i t l ^ m mku thuf

- D i j n g Cu(0H)2 de n h a n biet glixerol v i tao dung dich mku xanh

- D u n g Cu(0H)2 dun nong de n h a n biet C H 3 C H O v i tao k e t t u a do gach

- D u n g niidc b r o m di nhkn biet CeHgNHa v i tao k e t t u a t r ^ n g

(phan ling cdc em xem d phan li thuyet)

Bdi DI/ONG HHA H n r 17

p a i 5 Cho 4 chat t r e n tac dung vdri Cu(OH)2 trong m o i trUcfng k i e m v a dun

n6ng, t a n h a n thay ong nghiem chtfa ho t i n h bot k h o n g phan ufng, ong nghiem chufa glixerol cho dung dich mau xanh l a m , 6ng nghi§m chufa

glucozcr cho k e t tua CU2O mau do gach, ong nghiem chufa long trSng trufng

CO mau t i m dac trttog (HS tU viet cdc phuang trinh hoa hoc)

Litu y: Vdi long trdng tntng, Cu(OH)2 dd phan ling vdi cdc nhdm peptit (-CO-NH-) cho sdn phdm cd mau tim

Bat 6

- N h o v a i giot dung dich axit n i t r i c dac vao o n g n g h i e m dt/ng cac dung dich t r e n , c h i c6 m o t chat t r o n g o n g n g h i e m c6 k e t tiia v a n g la long t r a n g trufng

Goc - C 6 H 4 - O H ciia m o t so n h o m amino axit t r o n g p r o t e i n da p h a n dng vdri H N O 3 cho gdc mcJi m a n g n h o m - N O 2 c6 m a u vang

- C 6 H 4- O H + 2 H N O 3 > - C 6 H 2 ( N 0 2 ) 2 0 H i + 2 H 2 O

(mau vang)

- Cho 3 chat con l a i tac dung vori Cu(0H)2 chat nao t r o n g o n g n g h i e m hoa t a n Cu(0H)2 cho dung dich m a u x a n h l a m l a glixerol, 2 chat con

l a i k h o n g tac dung (HS tU viet phuang trinh hoa hoc)

- De p h a n biet xa phong v a ho t i n h bot, cho dung dich i o t vao 2 o n g

n g h i e m de n h a n r a ho t i n h bot (dung dich m a u xanh), chat t r o n g o n g

n g h i e m c5n l a i k h o n g p h a n tfng la xa phong

Bai 7

C 2 H 5 N H 2 > H - N - H > < ^ ^ h Q H ,

T i n h bazcr g i a m d a n Bai 8

- V 6 n g benzen h u t electron m a n h hcfn nguyen tuf H n e n cac a m i n

thcfm CO t i n h bazof yeu hcfn N H 3

- Goc m e t y l - C H 3 day electron m a n h hcfn nguyen tuf H n e n c^c a m i n

CO n h o m - C H 3 c6 t i n h bazcf m a n h hcfn N H g

- Trong cac a m i n t h o m , nhom nitro -NO2 c6 lien k e t doi \k n h o m the hut

electron n e n l a m giam k h a nang k e t hcfp H^ cua cap electron t i i do ciia

- N H 2 , do do p - n i t r o a n i l i n c6 t i n h bazcf yeu nhat {Hoc sinh tU sdp xep) Bai 9 T r a t ttr sap xep l a : H < H I < I V < I

c a c n h 6 m h u t electron l a m g i a m t i n h bazcf cua a n i l i n N h o m -NO2 h u t

electron m a n h han clo r a t nhieu Cac n h o m day electron ( - C H 3 ) l ^ m

t a n g t i n h baza cua a n i l i n

7 3

B a i 1 0 V i X c h i chdfa cac nguyen to C, H , N n e n no la m o t a m i n , v i tac

d u n g v d i R C l t h e o t i le m o l 1 : 1, tijfc l a p h a n tuf c h i chiJa m o t n h 6 m

chufc a m i n , n g h i a la c6 1 n g u y e n tuf N t r o n g p h a n tuf:

y 3 1 (loai) 19 (loai) 7 (hcfp li)

V a y cong thufc p h a n tuf cua X 1^ C3H9N

C o n g thufc cau tao cua X :

C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - N H 2

C H 3 - C H - N H 2

CH3

C H 3 - C H 2 - N H - C H 3 CH3 - N - CH3

C „ H 2 „ > i N H 2 + H C l (mol) b ->

P h a n tuf Itfong cua h a i a m i n :

I b) K h i h a i a m i n c6 s6' m o l b k n g nhau:

G o i n 1& so n g u y e n tuf C t r o n g a m i n thuf h a i :

t T a C O - 1 5 = => n = 2 a m i n thuf h a i \k C2H7N (vdi cong thufc

B6I DUONG HdA HOC 12

an

75

3 08 Theo de b a i t a c6: n = a n = — = 0,07 ( m o l )

^ 4,4

' 2 n - 3 ^ 0,99

18 = 0,055 ( m o l )

G i a i phifong t r i n h t r e n t a difcfcia = 0,001; n = 7

V a y cong thufc p h a n tijf cua X la C7H11N3

lai 14 a ) Goi cong thufc t d n g quat cua a m i n la CnHgn + 1NH2

3C„H2„ , 1NH2 + 2 H 2 O + FeClg -> F e ( 0 H ) 3 i + 3C„H2„ , 1 + NHg^Cl

(mol) 0,3 < - 0,1

17,7 0,3 = 59 => n - 3

V a y cong thuTc cua a m i n la C3H7NH2

b) G p i cong thufc t o n g quat cua a m i n no, don chufc l a C„H2n+3N

v a y c h i c6 cac hcfp chat no, m a c h h d

- Co 4 nguyen tuf cacbon, 1 nguyen ttf n i t o n e n m a c h cacbon c6 t h e la

m a c h 4, 3 va 2 Co 1 nguyen tuf n i t o n e n c6 t h e la c^c a m i n bac I , I I , I I I

BAI TAP NANG CAO

- • 1 Cho hSn h o p k h i X gom d i m e t y l a m i n va 2 hidrocacbon ke t i e p nhau

^ ^ \ r o n g cung 1 day d o n g dang L a y 100ml h 5 n hop X t r o n vcri 3 0 0 m l O2 (oxi l a y diJ) D o t chay hoan t o a n hSn hop The t i c h cac k h i va h o i t h u dtftfc la 4 3 5 m l Sau k h i cho hSn hop do qua H2SO4 dac the t i c h k h i la 185ml K h i con l a i cho d i qua dung dich K O H dac t h i t h e t i c h k h i con

l a i la 4 5 m l Cac t h e t i c h k h i deu do d cung dieu k i e n D i m e t y l a m i n k h i dot chay tao r a N2 dorn chat

a) Xac d i n h cong thufc p h a n tuf va goi t e n h a i hidrocacbon

b) T i n h t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r a m theo the t i c h cac chat t r o n g h o n hop A

Bai 2 D o t chay h o a n t o a n 15 gam h 6 n hop X g o m 1 a m i n dcfn chufc no A va

1 rifgu don chufc no B b a n g lirqng O2 duf H S n hcfp k h i sau p h a n ufng cho qua b i n h I difng H2SO4 dac r o i qua b i n h I I d i i n g dung d i c h K O H dac t h i

k h o i l u g n g b i n h I I t a n g 30,8 gam H 6 n h q p k h i con l a i c6 t h e t i c h la 11,2 l i t (dktc) va c6 t i k h o i h o i so v 6 i H2 b a n g 15,6

a) T i m cac cap cong thufc p h a n tuf t h i c h hop cua A , B

a) Xac d i n h cong thufc ca'u tao ciia A , B, t i n h dp t a n g k h o i l i i g n g b i n h I

T i n h t h e t i c h d u n g d i c h N a O H I M p h a i dCing de t r u n g hoa h e t H C l dii

4. D o t chay h o a n t o a n 0,012 m o l chat hufu ccf A m a c h h d can dCing 5,04 l i t k h o n g k h i Sau p h a n ufng cho t o a n bo san p h a m chay g o m CO2,

H2O, N2 ha'p t h u h o a n t o a n vao b i n h diJng d u n g d i c h B a ( 0 H ) 2 dii t h a y

k h o i Itrgng b i n h t a n g l e n 2,34 gam va c6 7,092 g a m ke't t u a K h i t h o a t

r a k h o i b i n h c6 t h e t i c h 4,1664 l i t B i e t r a n g A vi^a tac d u n g difoc v d i

H C l viia tac d u n g du'qc v d i N a O H Xac d i n h cong thufc cau tao cua A

(Cac t h e t i c h k h i do d dieu k i e n t i e u chuan, k h o n g k h i gom c6 2 0 % oxi

va 8 0 % n i t o theo t h e t i c h , coi n h i i N2 k h o n g b i nifdc h a p t h u )

Bai 5. Do't chay h o ^ n tokn 3 0 g a m h 6 n h g p X gom 1 a m i n d a n chufc n o A

ancol d a n chufc no B b k n g lucfng O2 diX. H o n h a p k h i sau p h a n iJfng c h o

qua b i n h I d U n g H2SO4 dac r o i qua b i n h I I d U n g dung dich K O H dac t h i

k h o i l u g n g cua b i n h I I t a n g 61,6 gam H S n h g p k h i c o n l a i c6 t h e tich

lai 6 C h o X 1^ m o t a m i n d O n chufc, Y chufa cac n g u y e n to' C, H , C I v a 2

chufa C, H , O Cac chat X v a Y c6 cung k h o i Itrang p h S n ttf

T r o n X , Y , Z theo t i le m o l 1 : 1 : 1 dLfgc h 6 n h g p A v ^ theo t i le 1 : 1 : 2

di/gc h 6 n h g p B D o t chay h e t 2,28 gam A dugc 3,96 g a m CO2, 1,71 gam

H2O v a h 5 n h g p k h i D X d o t chay t a o r a N2 con Y t a o r a CI2 Cho h§n

hgp D d i qua Sng d i i n g b o t A g n u n g n o n g de h a p t h u h e t CI2 t h a y khoi

lifgng d n g n ^ y t a n g l e n 0,71 gam De t r u n g h o a 2,28 g a m A c a n lOGml

dung d i c h H C l 0 , 1 M ; con de t r u n g h o a 2,28 g a m B c a n 7 9 , 7 2 m l dung

d i c h H C 1 0 , l M

a) Xac d i n h cong thufc p h a n tijf ciia X , Y , Z

b) V i e t cong thufc cau t a o ciia Z b i e t r a n g k h i h i d d r o h o a Z t a t h u dugc

rifgu n - p r o p i n i c

a i 7 M o t hSn h g p X g o m 2 amino a x i t A v a B c6 t d n g so m o l l a 0,05 mol,

c h i chufa t d i da 2 n h o m - C O O H (cho m o i a x i t ) Cho m g a m h 5 n h g p X

tac d u n g v d i 5 6 m l dung d i c h H2SO4 0 , 5 M Sau p h a n ufng p h a i d i j n g 6 m l

dung dich N a O H I M de tac dung he't v d i H2SO4 du

- h 6 n h g p X tac d u n g v d a du v d i 2 5 m l dung dich Ba(0H)2 0,6M Sau

2

k h i CO c a n t h u difgc 4,26 gam muo'i

D o t chay h o a n t o a n — h 6 n h o p X v a cho s a n p h a m qua nifdc v o i dtf t h i

4

t h u dijgc 3,25 g a m k e t tua A c6 so nguyen tuf cacbon n h o h a n B n h i / n g

c h i e m t i le m o l I d n h o n B

a ) V i e t p h u o n g t r i n h p h a n ufng dudi d a n g t d n g quat

b) T i m cong thdc cau tao m a c h t h i n g c6 t h e c6 cua.A, B

c) T i n h t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r a m theo k h o i li/gng cua A , B b a n dau

ii 8 H o n h g p X g o m 2 amino a x i t d o n chufc A , B Cho X tac d u n g v d i

1 1 0 m l dung d i c h H C l 2 M Sau do de p h a n d n g h e t v d i cac chat c6 t r o n g

dung dich t h u dirge c a n 140ml dung dich K O H 3 M

B6| HfiA HOC

jVlac k h d c n§u ddt chdy cung m o t l u g n g h o n hgp do r 6 i cho tokn ho s a n

p h a m chay qua dung dich N a O H dac, k h o i l u g n g b i n h n a y t a n g t h e m 32,8 gam

M

a) Xac d i n h cong thdc p h a n t d biet r k n g t i so ^ = 1 , 3 7

b) xac d i n h thanh p h d n p h a n t r a m theo so' m o l ciia h 6 n h g p ban ddu

c) V i e t p h a n d n g t r u n g n g U n g Cac p h a n d n g deu x a y r a h o a n t o a n

Bai 9, M o t h o n h g p X g o m h a i a m i n o a x i t A v a B c6 t d n g so m o l l a 0 , 1 m o l , chi chda t d i da 2 n h o m - C O O H (cho m o i a x i t ) C h o 0 , 1 m o l h o n h g p X tac d u n g v d i 112 m l dung dich H2SO4 0,5M Sau p h a n d n g p h a i d i i n g

a) H g p cha't nao c6 1 n h o m chdc thoa m a n dieu k i e n ciia bai t o a n

b) H a i h g p cha't deu di/gc t a o r a t d m o t a x i t hufu eg d a n ehde, ^dc dung dugc v d i N a O H , k h o n g tae d u n g v d i N a H a i h g p chat do l a ^?

Bai 1 1 A m i n o a x i t C eo k h a n a n g tac d u n g di/gc v d i H2SO4 theo t i le m o l

2 : 1 K h i la'y m o t l u g n g C de t r u n g hoa bang d u n g dich H C l 0 , 5 M t h i

p h a i d i j n g he't 5 0 m l , dung dich D M u d n t r u n g h o a d u n g d i c h D can

5 0 m l dung d i c h N a O H 2 M

Iljikva) T i m cong thdc p h a n t d cua a m i n o a x i t C, b i e t r k n g k h i d o t chdy

H|hoan t o a n C bang k h o n g k h i (chda - the t i c h l a O2) t h i :

" = V , H , o = 1 7 , 5 : 4 : 3

b) V i e t cong thdc cau t a o cua a m i n o a x i t C '

12 A la m o t a m i n o a x i t t r o n g p h a n t d ngoai cac n h o m cacboxyl va

a m i n o k h o n g c6 n h o m chdc ndo khac 0,1 m o l A p h a n d n g viia he't v d i

100 m l dung d i c h H C l I M t a o r a 18,35 g a m m u d i M a t khac 22,05 gam^

A k h i tac d u n g vdri m o t l u g n g N a O H dU tao r a 28,65 g a m m u d i k h a n |