Động từ tiếng anh thanh hà

C A C DANG THU’C CUA DONG TlT TIENG ANHDong tti dUdc dinh nghia tren cd sd hinh thiic khi co the, va theo cach sU dung cua chung trong cau.. Hinh thuc qua khr phan tii past participle -

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

(Bien soan)

D O N G T IT TIENG ANH

NHA XUAT BAN TIT DIEN BACH KHOA

THANH HA

M ot trong nhCifng kh o k han cua ngUdi hoc tieng

A nh la lam the nao de nam viing ngut phap, trong do hieu va van dung cac loai tijf trong cau X u at phat tii thuc te do chu n g toi bien soan bo sach “D on g tCf tieng

A n h ” nay

Cuon sach la nhCitng kien thtic cd ban ve dong tuf trong tieng A nh, cach sU dung, co kem theo cac vi

du thUc te di kem

De dung cuon sach nay co hieu qua hOn, tot

n h at ban nen do xem ky tting phan trU6c khi do sang

ph an sau

T ron g qua trinh beienoan chac khong tranh khoi thieu sot, rat m ong nhan dUOc y kien dong gop cua cac ban

C A C DANG THU’C CUA DONG TlT TIENG ANH

Dong tti dUdc dinh nghia tren cd sd hinh thiic khi co the, va theo cach sU dung cua chung trong cau.

Trong cac vi du dudi day, nhiing ti* dUdc gach chan

la dong tti

- I go to school

Toi di den trit&ng.

- She sings a song

Cd ay hat mot Bai hat.

- He answered very well.

A nh ay tra Idi rat tot.

Dong tu! co nam hinh thiic nhu sau:

1 Nguyen m iu (base form ) - tti thUdng thay trong

tu! dien

2 Hinh thiic them “e /e s ” (-s form ) ■ thUdng dung d

ngoi thii ba so it

3 Hinh thtic qua kh\i (past tense) - thUdng dung d

qua khii ddn

4 Hinh thuc hien tai phan tu! (-ing participle) -

thUdng dung d thi tiep dien hay trong cac menh de phan tti hien tai

5 Hinh thuc qua khr( phan tii (past participle) -

thu'dng dung d thi hoan thanh hay trong the bi dong, co nhieu dong tijf hinh thuc qua khii va qua khii phan tii giong nhau

Cac dong tu' co hinh thiic qua khu va qua khii phan tvf tan cung bang "ed" rat pho bien trong tieng Anh, goi

la dong tu' co quy tac (regular).

Vi du: watch - watched, look - looked

DONG TU TIENG ANH

Nhiing dong tut khac thuoc dang bat quy tac (irregular), co nghia la hinh thiic cua tiing dong tii

khong theo mot nguyen tac nao Tat ca dong tii deu co

s-form va ing-form va nhulng hinh thiic nay luon luon co

quy tac nen de biet hinh thiic cua moi dong tir tieng Anh, can biet ba hinh thiic cua moi dong tii bat quy tac:

nguyen mau (base form ) - qua khvf (past tense) • qua khti phan tif (p a st participle).

* Chu y: cac dong tii khuyet thieu: “ can, may, must, might, will, should, could ” khong co hinh

thiic d ngoi thii ba so it (-s form ), hien tai phan tii (-ing form ) hoac cac thi qua khii (past tense).

Quy tac sU dung cac dong tii khuyet thieu nay hoan toan khac vdi dong tii.

CAC LOAI DONG TUT

Trong tieng Anh co hai loai dong tii chinh la ngoai dong tii va noi dong tii

1 Ngoai dong tif (transitive verb)

Ngoai dong tii: co the theo sau la mot danh tu lam tan ngU - ten cua ngUdi, vat hay sU vat tiep nhan hanh dong

Vi du:

- She is^leanm g the floor

Co ay dang lau nha.

- We met him at the bank

Chung toi gap anh ay d ngan hang.

- I helped that woman.

Toi da giup ngi/di ph u nit ay.

2 Noi dong tif (intransitive verb)

Noi dong tii': khong co danh tii theo sau no Noi cach khac sau noi dong tii khong cd tan ngii

Toi cam thay met moi.

Noi dong tii dUdc chia thanh hai nhom: dong tii noi (ilinking verb) va dong tit khong noi (not linking verb).

D ong tii noi: theo sau la mot danh tit nen de nham vdi ngoai dong tii, nhUng danh tu! theo sau dong tit noi luon noi ve ngUdi hay vat co vai tro la chu ngut cua dong tii Dong tii noi thUdng dimg la “be”, “become, turn, g et”

Vi du:

- This wallet is Lan’s mother

Cai vi nay la cua me Lan.

- She has becom e a singer.

Co ay da trd thanh ca si.

- He turned out to be my mother’s doctor.

Hod ra ong ay la bac si cua me toi.

Theo sau dong tii noi co the la tinh tu: hay trang tii

mo ta hoac dinh vi cho chu ngi3

Vi du:

- She is very big

Co ay rat beo.

- The building looks solid,

Tod nha trong rat vihig chac.

- The table is over here.

Cai ban d day.

Nhieu dong tit co the la ngoai dong tif hoac noi dong tii tuy theo sU xuat hien cua tan ngfl hay khong

Vi du:

- He draws

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

A nh ay ve (Noi dong tii)

- He draws a picture.

A nh ay ve mot biic tranh (Ngoai dong tit)

Cac tii dien deu phan biet “vt” (verb transitive) hoac

“vi” (verb intransitive).

THI CUA DONG TLT

T h i la thdi gian ma dong tii do de cap tdi: thi hien tai (present), thi qua khii (past), thi tUdng lai (future),

Trong tieng Anh thi cua dong tii dUdc dien ta bang nhieu loai cum dong tii, qua do cac trd dong tii se dUdc ket hdp vdi mot trong nhiing hinh thiic cua dong tii Do

do, van de chu yeu cua ngUdi hoc dong tii tieng Anh khong phai chi la hoc thuoc long nhiing hinh thiic cua dong tii Quan trong la phai nam dUOc sii phiic tap cua cum dong tii tieng Anh, vdi rat nhieu loai khac nhau

THI HIEN TAI

THi HIEN TAI THtf&NG

1 Hinh thtfc

T ron g cau khang dinh, thi hien tai co hai hinh

thiic: nguyen mau (base form ) va ngoi thijt ba so it them

“s/es” (S-form ) Hinh thiic nguyen mau diidc sU dung v6i

nhQng chu ngO “I I we I you / they' Hinh thiic “S- form ” diidc dung v6i cac chu tii “he / she / it” hoac bat

cif cau true danh tii nao ma nhiing tii tren co the thav the

I I we I you / they + V (nguyen mau)

to go: He goes (Anh ay di)

to do: He does (Anh ay lam)

- V tan cung bang “x, ss, sh, ch” thi them “es”

Vi du:

to fix: He fixes (Anh ay siia)

to cross: She crosses (Co ay di qua)

to brush: She brushes (Co ay chai)

to teach: She teaches (Co ay day h oc)

to watch: My little baby watches TV (difa be cua toi xem TV)

- V tan cung bang “v” (difng sau mot phu am) triio'c

khi them “s” phai doi “y ” thanh “ie”

Vi du:

to marry: He marries (Anh ta ci/di)

to study: He studies (Anh ta hoc)

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

nhUng trUdc y 1 a nguyen am thi giii nguyen y, roi them s

to play: He plays (Anh ta chcfi)

* Cac cach phat am khi them “s/es” vao dong tii

nguyen mau: /iz/, Isl, hoac Izl

- Am cuoi phat am la Isl khi dong tii nguyen mau ket thuc bang: I pi, Itl, Ikl, Ifl, / 6/.

- I usually get up early.

Toi thiibng thtic day sdm.

- He goes out with his friend almost every Saturday

afternoon

Anh ta di chcti vdi ban hau het cac chieu this bay.

- Tom always works hard.

Tom luon luon lam viec cham chi.

b Dien ta mot stf that, m ot chan ly, khong thay doi

VI du:

- The sun rises in the East

M at trcti moc d dang Dong.

- The earth revolves around the sun.

Trai dat quay quanh mat trdi.

- W ater boils at 100°C.

Niidc soi d 100°C.

c Dien ta mot nhan dinh, tieu de, Idi hiidng dan

Vi du:

- I bet you don’t know her

Toi citcfc la ban khong biet cd ay.

- First you turn right.

Triidc tien ban ph ai re phai.

d Dien ta lich lam viec, gid tau xe

Vi du:

- My school open at 7 o’clock everyday

Triicfng toi md ciia luc 7 gid hang ngay.

- The bus goes every 10 minu es.

Cii 10 ph ut lai co 1 chuyen xe buyt.

e Dien ta m ot svC viec se dien ra trong ttfctng lai

- Cac pho tif thdi gian chi ttfdng lai di kem:

“tom orrow” , “next w eek” , hoac trong menh de trang nguf chi thdi gian: “w hen” , “as soon as” , “after” ,

DONG TU TIENG ANH

“before” , “till” , “until” ,

Vi du:

- My new cataloge appears two week from today

Ca-ta-lo cua toi se ra mat 2 tuan nila ke tii horn nay.

- The film begins at 8:00

Bo phim se bat dau luc 8:00

- My boy friend comes back from Ho Chi Minh City

tomorrow

N gay mai ban trai cua toi se trd ve tii thanh pho

H o Chi Minh.

- I’ll come and see him before I leave for Ha Noi

Toi se tdi va gap anh ay triidc khi toi rdi di Ha Noi.

THI HIEN TAI TIEP DliN

- Dong tu: tan cung bang tie’/ trufdc khi them “m g”

phai doi “ie” thanh “3/”

- We are doing an English test

Chung toi dang lam Bai kiem tra tieng Anh.

- I am learning French.

Toi dang hoc tieng Phap.

- The boy is playing football.

Cau he dang chcti da bong.

p o n g t it h e n b a n h

■ -

- It is heavily raining now

Luc nay trdi dang miia rat to.

- M y mother is cooking

Me toi dang nau an.

b D iin ta nhiing hanh dong ditc/c lap lai hoac co tinh chat tam thdi.

Vi du:

- Are you playing tennis?

Ban van chcti quan v&t chit.

- My bike has broken down, so I am w alking to

school these days

Xe dap cua toi bi hong, vi vay nhitng ngay nay toi phai di bo di hoc.

c Dien ta mot thdi quen xau (bad habits), thitbng di vdi cac trang tit “constantly”,

- It’s getting dark

Trdi toi dan.

- Mrs Brown is getting thinner and thinner.

Ba Brown cang ngay cang gay.

e Dien ta mot si/ viec chac chan xay ra trong titong lai.

Vi du:

- I am graduating next week

Tdi se tot nghiep vdo tuan tdi.

- W e are going to Ho Chi Minh city tomorrow

Chung toi se den thanh p h o H o Chi M inh vdo ngay mai.

- She is opening her fashion shop next Monday.

Co ay se khai tritcfng ciCa hang thdi trang vdo thU hai tuan tdi.

C h u y: M ot so dong tii khong sU dung dUOc 0 dang tiep dien

- D ong tii chi tinh cam , cam xuc\ want, need, desire,

refuse, forgive, wish, love, hate, adore, like, dislike

- D ong til chi cac hoat dong cua cac gia c quan, suy nghi, y niem: see, hear, smell, notice, recognize,

rem em ber, forget, know, understand, recall, recollect, believe, feel, think

- D ong tit chi quyen sd hiCu: own, possess, belong,

- I am seeing the sights of London

Tdi d a ng di thdm nhiCng cdnh dep cua Ludn don.

- He is seeing me tonight.

A nh ay se gap toi vdo tdi nay.

* “to fe e l” dung dang -ing v6i nghia: “cam thay” (khoe, met, )

- I’m feeling tired today, _ _ _

[ DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN ]

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

Horn nay toi cam thay rat met.

* “to have” dung dang -ing vdi nghia: "dang lam

Toi dang tarn.

* “to think” dung dang -ing vdi nghia: “ suy nghl,

ngam nghl”

VI du:

- W hat are you thinking about?

Ban dang nghl g i vay?

- I don’t know what are you thinking.

Tdi khong biet ban dang nghl gi.

THI HIEN TAI HOAN THANH

- You have seen that movie many times

Ban do xem bo phim nay mot nhieu Ian.

- I think I have met him once before

Toi nghl la toi da gap anh ay mot Ian triidc do.

- There have been many earthquakes in California

Da nhieu Ian dong dat a Calfornia.

- People have traveled to the Moon.

M oi ngittii da du lich ten mat trang.

2 Cach dung.

a Dien ta mot hanh dong, mot suC viec xay ra d mot thdi diem khong xac dinh 6 qua khil.

Vi du:

- The army has attacked that city five times

Quan doi da tan cong vdo thanh ph o do 5 Ian.

- The rain hasn't stopped.

Miia da tanh.

- Tom has gone to London

Tom da di London.

- I have bought a new skirt

Toi da mua mot chiec vay mdi.

- He has missed two exams

A nh ay da thi tri/cft hai Ian.

b Dien ta mot hanh dong, mot si/ viec bat dau tit qua khu con tiep dien den hien tai va co the keo dai den tan titdng lai.

Vi du:

- I have studied in this school for many years

Tdi da hoc d tri/dng nay nhieu nam qua.

- You have grown since the last time I saw you Ban da triidng thanh hcfn ke tii Ian triidc tdi gap ban.

- My English has really im proved since I moved to Australia

Tieng A nh cua tdi diidc nang cao ke tii khi tdi chuyen den Australia.

- The governm ent has becom e more interested in

arts education

Chinh phii trd nen quan tam hdn den nghe thuat giao due.

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

- She has listened radio for two hours

Cd ay da nghe dai suot hai tieng qua.

c Dien ta mot hanh dong vUa mdi xay ra.

VI du:

- I’ve just had dinner

Toi vita dung bita toi.

- They have gone to Ho Chi Minh City

Ho vita den thanh pho H o C hi Minh.

- I’ve just met Peter at the bank

Toi vita gap Peter d nha bang.

thUdng khong co tii chi thdi gian xac dinh di kem.

- I have bought a new skirt.

Toi da mua chiec vay mdi.

- I bought a new skirt yesterday.

Horn qua toi da mua chiec vay mdi.

- I bought the skirt after all.

Sau cung tdi da mua chiec vay do.

- We haven’t seen that film.

Chung tdi chita titng xem bo phim do.

- We didn’t see that film yesterday.

Horn qua chung tdi khong xem bo phim do.

- Thi hien tai hoan thanh thUdng hay dUdc dung vdi cac trang t\i: since, for, already, yet, just, recently, lately, ever never, nearly, hardly,

THi HIEN TAI HOAN THANH TIEP D liN

1 Hinh thttc.

I I we I you / they have / been +V-ing

he /she /it _ has been +V-ing

Vi du:

- You have been waiting here for two hours

Ban da dai cj day 2 tieng roi.

- Recently, I have been feeling really tired

Gan day, toi hay cam thay met moi.

- She has been w orking at that company for three years

Co ay da lam viec d cong ty do ditdc 3 nam roi.

- W hat have you been doing for the last 30

minutes?

Ban da lam g i trong 30 phut trtfdc.

- James has been teaching at the university since June

Jam es dang day d triidng dai hoc tii thang sau.

2. Cach dung.

a Dien ta mot hanh dong bat dau tai mot thdi diem trong qua khii, keo dai den hien tai va van tiep dien.

- She has been perform ing for two hours.

Co ay bieu dien da hai tieng dong ho.

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

- I’ve been reading for an hour

Toi da doc diidc mot tieng dong ho.

b D iin ta mot hanh dong bat dau tu qua khu, tiep dien den hien tai, da ket thuc tai thdi diem noi.

Vi du:

- He has been playing football all afternoon

Anh ay da chdi bong da cd chieu nay.

- We have been going out all day

Chung toi di chcti cd ngay.

- I’ve been writing all morning.

Toi da viet cd buoi sang nay.

- Lisa has not been practicing her English

Lisa khong con thiic hanh tieng Anh nda.

* Chu y: Nhieu tinh huong co the dUdc dien ta

dong thdi bang thi hien tai hoan thanh va thi hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien Su khac biet la thi hien tai hoan thanh nhan manh vao stf viec, con thi hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien nhan manh vao hanh dong tiep dien

- How long have you studied French?

Ban da hoc tieng Phap bao lau roi?

- How long have you been studying French?

Ban da hoc tieng Phdp diidc bao lau ro i?

- I’ve washed four white shirts this morning

Sang nay toi da giat bon chiec do sc/ mi trdng.

- I've been washing four white shirts this morning Sang nay toi da giat diidc bon chiec do sd mi trdng.

- We have lived here for five months.

Chung toi da song d day ndm thang.

- We have been living here for five months.

Chung toi da song d day diidc ndm thang.

T H I TlfC fN G LA I

THI TLTCTNG LAI THlflJNG

Hinh thvfc.

I / we + shall + V (nguyen mau)

he / she / it /you / they + will + V (nguyen mau)

Vi du:

- I shall go to school late

Toi se den triidng muon.

- Shall we go to the cinema this evening?

Chung ta se di xem phim toi nay chu!?

- My family will leave Ha Noi next month.

Gia dinh tdi se rtii Ha Noi vdo thang sau.

- He will come back soon

Anh ay se quay lai s&m thdi.

- Linda will marry next month

Linda se ket hdn vdo thang tdi.

- I think he will do well.

Tdi nghi anh ay se lam tot.

- He will finish new cataloge next week.

Anh ay se hoan thanh ca-ta-lo mdi vdo tuan tdi.

- They will never come here again.

Ho se khong bao gid den day niia.

DONG TU TIENG ANH

b D ie n ta m o t q u y e t d in h titc th i (im m ed ia tely

a c tio n )

Vi du:

- I’ve forgotten phoning him I’ll do it immediately

Toi quen goi dien cho anh ay Toi se goi ngay lap tiCc.

- I’ll have 2 $ now

Toi se co 2 do-la bay gid.

- I think I’ll get a taxi because I am too tired to walk now

Toi nghl toi se goi tac xi vi toi qua met de di bo

I uc nay.

- Boths shirts are beautiful but I’ll take this one

Cd hai chiec do deu dep nhitng toi se lay chiec nay.

- My mother is calling me and I’ll come back now

Me toi dang goi toi va tdi se ve ngay bay gid.

THI TUTTNG LAI VOI GOING TO

- I am going to buy a new motorbike.

Tdi se mua mot chiec xe may mdi.

- I feel tired I'm going to be ill

Tdi cam thay met Tdi sap om roi.

- She is going to go to school.

Co ay se di tdi triidng.

- He is going to be late

A nh ay se bi muon mat.

2 Cach dung thi ttfOng lai vdi “going to”

a Dien td mot stf viec hay hanh dong chdc chan

se xay ra trong tiidng lai gan.

Vi du:

- I am going to visit my grandparents tomorrow

Toi se den thdm ong ba vdo ngay mai.

- She is going to have a baby.

Co ay sap sinh con.

- It’s going to rain

Trtii sap mita.

- He is going to do this exercise this evening

Toi nay anh ay se lam Bai tap nay.

b Dien td mot y dinh hay ke hoqch chdc chan se lam.

Vi du:

- I am going to marry next week

Toi se ket hon vdo tuan tdi.

- We are going to make a big cake.

Chung ta se lam mot chiec bank Idn.

- She knows what I am going to do.

Co ay biet tdi dinh lam gi.

* Chu y : Phan biet cach dung thi tUOng lai thUdng

va thi tu'dng lai vdi dang “goin g to”

- He is going to be - H e’ll sick if he goes to the rain,

Anh ay sap om

- It is going to rain - It will rain

DONG TUTTIENG ANH

Trdi sap mi/a Trdi se mi/a

- I am going to marry - I’ll marry

Tdi sdp ket hon Tdi se ket hon.

THI TlflJNG LAI TIEP DllN

Chung toi se dang d nha vdo luc 6 gid tdi nay.

- She'll be teaching at this time next week

Gid nay tuan sau cd ay se dang day hoc.

- At 8 o’clock tomorrow he will be working

Vdo luc 8 gid ngay mai anh ay se dang lam viec.

2 Cach dung.

a Dien td mot hdnh dong dang xdy ra tai mot thdi diem trong ti/dng lai.

Vi du:

- I'll be doing my exercise in the evening

Tdi se dang lam Bai tap vdo buoi toi.

- What will you be doing at this time tom orrow0

Vdo gid nay ngay mai ban se dang lam gi?

- 1 11 probably be lying on a beautiful beach at this time next week

Cd the tdi se dang ndm tren mot bai bien dep vdo gid nay tuan sau.

- At that time tomorrow we shall be working

Vdo gid do ngay mai tdi se dang lam viec.

- W hen he comes back from work, his family will be having dinner.

Khi anh ay di lam ve, gia dinh anh ay se dang an toi.

b Dien td mot viec da ditdc dii dinh se lam trong tUdng lai khong xa.

Vi du:

- My family will leave Ha Noi in a few days

Gia dinh toi se rdi Ha Noi trong mot vdi ngay niCa.

- Will you be going to Ho Chi Minh City next

week?

Ban se di thanh ph o Ho Chi Minh tuan tdi chit?

- I’ll be doing my exercises in an hour.

Toi se lam Bai tap trong mot gid niia.

- She’ll be going to the supper market later

Co ay dinh mot lat niia se di sieu thi.

- Michael will be performing in London next

month

M ichael se bieu dien d Ludn don thang tdi.

THI TITOTNG LAI HOAN THANH

- When you arrive I'll have gone to bed

Khi ban den, toi se da di ngu roi.

- I'll have finished this course next month

DONG TiTTltNG ANH

Tdi se hoan thanh khoa hoc vdo tuan tdi.

- H e’ll have played football to 8 o’clock

A nh ay se chcti bong da den 8 gid.

2 Cach dung.

a Dien td mot viec bat dau tii triidc va se hoan thanh tai m ot thdi diem d titctng lai.

Vi du:

- I’ll have finished the essay in two months

Toi se hoan thanh Bai tieu luan trong hai thang.

- Next week is Tom and M ary’s 24th wedding

anniversary They will have been maried for 24th years

Tuan tdi se la ki niem ngay ciidi Ian thu: 24 cua Tom va Mary Luc do ho da lay nhau diidc 24 ndm roi.

- I shall have spent all my money before the end of

Cd ay se viet xong ba Bai hat vdo cuoi ndm nay.

- By the end of the month, I’ll have been here for

two years

Vao cuoi thang nay, toi se d day diidc hai ndm.

b Dien td mot viec se hoan thanh va co lien quan tdi mot viec khac d tiictng lai.

- W hen you arrive, w e’ll have had lunch.

K hi ban den, chung toi se dung xong biia toi.

- I’ll have met him before he leaves.

Tdi se gap anh ay triidc khi anh ay di.

DONG TUT TIENG ANH THI O L A KHLT

THI QUA KHI/THU0NG

1 Hinh thtfc thi qua khvf thUOng.

S + V-ed

Quy tac them “erf” vao dong tit nguyen mau:

- Dong tii tan cung bang “e” cam, chi can them “rf”

- Dong tii tan cung bang mot nguyen am va mot

phu am trudc khi them “ed” phai gap doi phu am cuoi.

- Dong tii tan cung bang phu am va "y” , trudc khi

them “ed” thi doi “y ” thanh “i

Cac cach phat am duoi “erf”

“E d" du'Oc phat am theo ba: Itl, Idl, I id!

- Sau Itl, Idl am cuoi “e” dUdc phat am la lidl.

- Cac trvfdng hop con lai am cuoi “ed" dUOc phat am

* Chu y: Vdi dong tu: bat qui tac, hinh thiic qua

khuf thUOng hoan toan khac vdi dong tif nguyen mau

Do do, phai hoc thuoc long cac dong tu: bat qui tac (Xem phan phu luc)

DONG TIT TIENG ANH

■ -2 Cach dung

a Dien td mot hdnh dong hay mot tinh huong da xdy ra trong qua khii.

- Pho tu: chi thdi gian qua khii di kem: yesterday,

last week, a month ago, (Nhieu triidng hdp khong co pho tu: ma hieu qua van canh)

Vi du:

- Did you call Debbie?

Ban da goi cho Debbie chiia?

- I met her in the supermarket yesterday.

Tdi da gap co ay d sieu thi ngay hdm qua.

- We were sorry to hear about the accident.

Chung toi rat buon khi nghe ve vu tai nan.

- He made me do it all again

Anh ay da khien toi phai lam lai no.

■ She washed her car.

Vi du:

- I often stayed up late

Tdi thi/cfng thiic khuya.

■ We always went to school on time.

Chung tdi luon den triidng dung gia.

■ He usually came to work by car.

Anh ay thu’dng xuyen di lam bang o to.

- Sometimes I woke up early.

Thinh thoang toi thiic day s&m.

- She studied French when she was a child.

Cd ay hoc tieng Phap khi con nho.

c Dien td nhiing viec lam ke tiep nhau trong qua khit.

- He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into

the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00

Anh ay rtii san bay luc 8 gid, lam thu tuc khach san luc 9 gid, va gap gd moi ngittii luc 10 gid.

- Mrs Young came home, take off her coat and

cooked

Ba Young ve nha, thay do va nau an.

QUA KHUTTIEP DIEN

1 Hinh thufc.

we / you/ they were + V-ing

I / he / she / it _ was + V-ing

Vi du:

- She was cooking in the kitchen

Co ay dang nau an trong bep.

- We were watching the film.

Chung tdi dang xem phim.

- He was going to work

A nh ay dang lam viec.

- They were m eeting in the room.

H o dang hop d trong phong.

- I was playing tennis

Tdi dang chcti quan vdt.

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

2 Cach dung.

a Dien td mot sU viec, hdnh dong dang dien ro

vdo thdi diem nhat dinh trong qua khil.

Vi du:

- Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner

Toi dang an toi luc 6 gid hom qua.

- My family was living in Ho Chi Minh City last

- I was cutting the grass in the garden.

Toi dang cat co trong vitdn.

- They were working in the field at that time.

Luc do, ho dang lam viec d ngoai dong.

b Dien td mot hdnh dong dang dien ra trong qua khil thi cd mot hdnh dong khac cat ngang

(hanh dong dang dien ra dung qua khu tiep dien hanh dong kia dung qua khu thUdng).

Vi du:

- I was watching TV when she called

Khi co ay goi, toi dang xem TV.

- I came back from school, my mother was cooking

Toi di hoc ve khi me toi dang nau an.

- What were you doing when the earthquake started?

Ban dang lam g i khi dong dat xdy ra?

c Dien td nhiing hdnh dong dong thdi xdy ra

trong qua khi/.

VI du:

- I was studying while he was making dinner

Tdi dang hoc trong khi anh ay lam cdm toi.

- W hile Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.

Khi Ellen doc, Tim xem ti-ui.

- They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time

Ho viia an toi, vita ban ve ke hoqch, va co mot thdi gian rat vui ve.

THI QUA KHUTHOAN THANH

- We were not able to get a hotel room because we

had not booked in advance

Chung tdi da khong tim diidc phong nao trong khdch san vi chung toi khong dat triidc.

- W hen I came, he had gone home

Khi toi den, anh ay da ve nha roi.

- The man was a stranger to me I had never seen him before

Ngildi dan ong do la mot ngiidi xa la vdi toi Toi chiia bao gid gap ong ay triidc kia.

2 Cach dung.

T hi q u a k h ii h o a n th a n h diicfc d u n g d e d ien td

DONG TU TIENG ANH

m o t sii v ie c x d y ra triid c m o t sU v ie c khac

tr o n g q u a khii.

Vi du:

- I no longer had my car He had sold it

Toi khong con xe niia Toi da ban no roi.

■ I had never seen such a beautiful beach before 1

Tdi khong cd tien vi tdi da bi mat vi.

- Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times

Tony biet rat nhieu ve Istanbul vi anh ay da den thdm thanh pho nay nhieu Ian.

- She only understood the movie because she had read the book

Cd ay hieu ro bo phim vi cd ay da doc sach roi.

THi QUA KHI/HOAN THANH TIEP MEN

Ban da chd d do hem hai gid khi cd ay den.

- They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived

Ho da noi chuyen hefn mot gid triidc khi Tony den.

- She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

Co ay da lam viec d cong ty khoang 3 ndm khi no

- How long had you been studying Turkish before

you moved to Ankara?

Ban da hoc d Tho N hi K y bao lau triidc khi ban chuyen

den Ankara ?

- I had not been studying Turkish very long

Tdi da hoc d Tho N h i Ky rat lau.

- Jack was tired because he had been jogging.

Jack da qua met vi anh ay da chay bo nhieu.

DONG TUT TIENG ANH CACH DUNG DONG Tl/BE, DO VA HAVE

Cac dong tii “be”, “do” va “have” v£ia la nhiing dong tii thUdng, viia co the la trd dong tii.

HiNH THUC CUA DONG T I/' BE"

1 Hinh thufc cua dong tii “be”,

a “ Be” la dong tii duy nhat trong tieng Anh co tarn hinh thufc.

- Nguyen mau: be

- Hien tai dung vdi ngoi thii nhat so* it “I” : am

- Hien tai dung vdi ngoi thii ba so it “he / she / it”: is

- Hien tai dung vdi ngoi thii nhat, thu hai, thii ba

so nhieu “you / we / they” : are

- Qua khii dung vdi ngoi thii nhat va ngoi thii ba so

it “I / he

/she /it”: was

- Qua khxi dung vdi ngoi thii nhat, thii hai va thif

ba so nhieu

“you / we / they” : were

- Hien tai phan tifin g -form ” : being

- Qua khii phan tii “past participle” : been

b Cach chia cua dong tfr “be” ;

We

shall beHe

She

It

HeSheIt

will beWe

You

They

are

WeYouTheywere

Tiep di§n

am being 1

HeSheIt

1We

shall have beenYou

HeSheIt

will have beenHe

She

It

has been

Hoan thanh

tiep di§n Khong dung

c Ket hop nhufng hinh thufc cua “be” vdi “ n’t”

Trong tieng Anh noi, nhiing dong tu1 hoac cum dong tijf d dang phu dinh thu'dng difdc stf dung tieu tu! hay

cach rut gon “n’t" (hinh thvfc viet day du la “not”) Trong nhieu cau true cau ngudi ta co the sti dung “n't" hoac

“not" ma khong can thay doi trat tii tii trong cau: trong mot so cau co sU khac biet ve vi tri tu: Dung “n't" trong

DONG TU TIENG ANH

van noi hoac than mat (iinformal); Dung “not” trong v&n

viet hoac trang trong (formal).

Is” , “are”, “was” va “were” ket hdp vdi “n't” de hinh thanh thiic rut gon la “isn't” , “aren't”, “wasn't” va

“weren't” Khi phat am doc la: / izntl, la:ntl, r w

Hinh thiic “am ” khong di vdi “n't” trong tieng Anh

chuan Vi no gay nen kho khan khi sii dung cau hoi phu

dinh vdi dong tit “be" va chu tu: “7” Mot so' ngUdi dung Aren't IT' nhung cau true nay khong phai d dau cung chap nhan la tieu chuan, nen da so dung “Am I notT

hoac khong thi tranh cach dung nay

Hinh thiic day du “he is not" co the dUdc noi theo

hai cach “he's not” hoac “he isn’t” Tudng tu, ta co “you're not” hoac “you aren’t “w e’re not” hoac “we aren’t

“they're not” hoac “they aren’t” Hinh thiic “I am not” chi

co mot dang rut gon la ‘T m not”

2 “ B e” la dong tii thUdng (ordinary verb).

Khi “be” la dong tu: trong cau, no gan nhu luon co chiic nang la mot tii noi (linking verb) va dUdc theo sau bdi: (1) danh tii, (2) tinh tii, (3) trang tii

Difdi day la cach sii dung “be” trong bon: cau

khang dinh, cau phu dinh, cau hoi kh^ng dinh va cau hoi phu dinh

Bo cua toi la cong nhan.

- My daughter will be a teacher in some years

Con ga i toi se la giao vien trong may ndm tdi.

- Robert Frost was America's favorite poet.

R obert Frost la nha van M y diicfc yeu thick.

- They were never on time

H o khong bao gid dung gid.

b Cau phu dinh (Negative statement).

S + be + not + com plem ent _

Vi du:

- He wasn't widely accepted in this country at first

Luc dau no khong diidc chap nhan rong rai d dat nitdc nay.

- I am not a very good reader

Tdi khong phai la mot doc gid gioi.

- We are not English.

Chung tdi khong phai la ngittii Anh

- She is not at home

Co ay khong d nha.

- M ary is not very big.

M ary khong beo lam.

c Cau hoi khang dinh (Positive Question).

Be + S + com plem ent?

Vi du:

- Is your brother taller than you?

A nh trai ban cao hcfn ban a?

- Is Heitor in class this morning?

Sang nay H eitor co d Idp khong?

- Are you happy now?

Hien gid anh co hanh ph uc khong?

- Are they tired?

Ho co met khong?

- Is she Mary?

Co ay cd phai la M ary khong?

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

d Cau hoi phu dinh (Negative Question).

Be + S + not + com plem ent?

hoac

Be + n’t + S + com plem ent?

Vi du:

- Is the boy not handsome?

Anh ay khong dep trai sa o ?

- Aren't they happy?

Ho khong hanh phiic a?

- Isn’t she beautiful?

Co ay khong dep sa o?

- Are you not a pupil?

Ban khong phai la hoc sinh a?

- I’m working now

Tdi dang lam viec.

- The children were playing fooball

Bon tre dang chcti bong da

- My sister is working in the garden.

Chi gai tdi dang lam vitdn

- I wasn t having dinner at 6 o’clock yesterday

Luc 6 gid toi qua tdi khong dang an ccftn.

- Isn't Tom writing now0

Hien gib Tom khong dang viet sao?