Tài liệu tenses table

ago in 1990 yesterday action took place in the past, mostly connected with an expression of time no connection to the present regular: Infinitive+-ed irregular: 2.. Someone was doing som

Tense Signal words Use Form Examples affirmative Examples negative Examples interrogative

Simple

Present

every day sometimes always often usually seldom never first then

Something that happens repeatedly how often something happens one action follows another

things in general with the following verbs (to love, to hate, to think, etc.)

future meaning: timetables, programmes

Infinitive

he/she/it +-s

Iwork.

Heworks.

Igo.

Hegoes.

Idon't work.

Hedoesn't work.

Idon't go.

Hedoesn't go.

DoIwork? Doeshe work?

DoIgo?

Doeshe go?

Present

Progressive

now

at the moment Look!

Listen!

something is happening at the same time of speaking or around it future meaning: when you have

already decided and arranged to

do it (a fixed plan, date)

to be (am/are/is)+

Infinitive+ing

I'mworking.

He'sworking.

I'mgoing.

He'sgoing.

I'm not working.

He isn't working.

I'mnot going.

Heisn't going.

Am I working?

Is he working?

AmIgoing?

Ishe going?

Simple

Past

last

ago in 1990 yesterday

action took place in the past, mostly connected with an expression of time (no connection

to the present)

regular:

Infinitive+-ed

irregular:

2 Spalte

Iworked.

Heworked.

Iwent.

Hewent.

Ididn't work.

Hedidn't work.

Ididn't go.

Hedidn't go.

DidIwork? Didhework? DidIgo? Didhego?

Progressive while

an action happened in the middle

of another action

Someone was doing something at

a certain time (in the past) - you don't know whether it was finished

or not

was/were+

Infinitive+-ing

Iwas working.

Hewas working.

Iwas going.

Hewas going.

Iwasn't working.

Hewasn't working.

Iwasn'tgoing.

Hewasn't going.

Was Iworking? Was heworking? Was Igoing? Was hegoing?

Simple

Present

Perfect

just yet never ever already

so far,

up to now, since for recently

you say that sth has happened or

is finished in the past and it has a connection to the present

action started in the past and continues up to the present

have/has+past participle*

*(infinitive+-ed) or (3rd column of table

of irregular verbs)

I have worked.

He has worked.

Ihave gone.

Hehas gone.

I haven't worked.

He hasn’t worked.

Ihaven't gone.

Hehasn’t gone.

HaveIworked? Has heworked? HaveIgone? Has hegone?

Present Perfect

Progressive

all day the whole day how long since for

action began in the past and has just stopped

how long the action has been happening

emphasis: length of time of an action

have/has+been+

Infinitive+-ing

Ihave been working.

Hehas been working.

Ihave been going.

Hehas been going.

Ihaven't been working.

Hehasn't been working.

Ihaven't been going.

Hehasn't been going.

HaveIbeen working?

Has hebeen working?

HaveIbeen going? Has hebeen

going?

Simple Past

Perfect

already just never

mostly when two actions in a story are related to each other: the action which had already happened

is put into past perfect, the other action into simple past

the past of the Present Perfect

had+past participle*

*(infinitive+-ed) or (3rd column of table

of irregular verbs)

Ihad worked.

Hehad worked.

Ihad gone.

Hehad gone.

Ihadn't worked.

Hehadn't worked.

Ihadn't gone.

Hehadn't gone.

HadI

worked?

Hadhe

worked?

HadIgone? Hadhegone?

Past Perfect

Progressive

how long since for

how long something had been happening before something else happened

had+been+

Infinitive+ing

Ihad been working.

Hehad been working.

Ihad been going.

Hehad been going.

Ihadn't been working.

Hehadn't been working.

Ihadn't been going.

Hehadn't been going.

HadIbeen working?

Hadhebeen working?

HadIbeen going? Hadhebeen going?

will - future

predictions about the future (you think that sth will happen) you decide to do sth spontaneously

at the time of speaking, you haven't made a main clause in type

I of the if clauses

will+Infinitive

I'llwork.

He'llwork.

I'llgo.

He'llgo.

Iwon't work.

Hewon't work.

Iwon't go.

Hewon't go.

WillIwork? Willhe work? WillIgo?

Willhe go?

going to - future

when you have already decided to

do sth in the future what you think what will happen

be (am/are/is)+

going to+Infinitive

I'm going to

work.

He's going to

work.

I'm going togo.

He's going togo.

I'm not going to

work.

He's not going to

work.

I'm not going togo.

He's not going togo.

AmIgoing to work?

Is hegoing to work?

AmIgoing to go?

Ishegoing to go?

Progressive

An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future This action has begun before the certain time

Something happens because it normally happens

will+be+Infinitive

+ing

I'll beworking.

He'll beworking.

I'll begoing.

He'll begoing.

Iwon't be working.

Hewon't be working.

Iwon't be going.

Hewon't be going.

WillIbe working? Willhe be working? WillIbe going? Willhe be going?

Future Perfect

Simple sth will already have happenedbefore a certain time in the future

will+have+past participle*

*(infinitive+-ed) or (3rd column of table

of irregular verbs)

I'll haveworked.

He'll have

worked.

I'll havegone.

He'll havegone.

Iwon't have worked.

Hewon't have

worked

Iwon't have gone.

Hewon't have gone.

WillIhave worked? Willhe have

worked?

WillIhave gone? Willhe have gone?

Future

Perfect

Progressive

sth will already have happened before a certain time in the future

emphasis: length of time of an action

will+have+been+

Infinitive+ing

I'll have been

working.

He'll have been

working.

I'll have been

going.

He'll have been

going.

Iwon't have been working.

Hewon't have been working.

Iwon't have been going.

Hewon't have been going.

WillIhave been working?

Willhehave been working?

WillIhave been working?

Willhehave been working?

Conditional

Simple

sth that might happen main clause in type II of the if clauses

would+Infinitive

Iwould work.

Hewould work.

Iwould go.

Hewould go.

Iwouldn't work.

Hewouldn't work.

Iwouldn't go.

Hewouldn't go.

WouldIwork? Wouldhe work? WouldIwork? Wouldhe work?

Progressive

sth that might happen

emphasis: length of time of an action

would+be+

Infinitive+ing

Iwould be working.

Hewould be working.

Iwould be going.

Hewould be going.

Iwouldn't be working.

Hewouldn't be working.

Iwouldn't be going.

Hewouldn't be going.

WouldIbe working?

Wouldhebe working?

WouldIbe going? Wouldhebe going?

Conditional

Perfect

sth that might have happened in the past

(It's too late now.) main clause in type III of the if clauses

would+have+past participle*

*(infinitive+-ed) or (3rd column of table

of irregular verbs)

Iwould have worked.

Hewould have worked.

Iwould have gone.

Hewould have gone.

Iwouldn't have worked.

Hewouldn't have worked.

Iwouldn't have gone.

Hewouldn't have gone.

WouldIhave worked?

Wouldhe have worked?

WouldIhave gone?

Wouldhe have gone?

Conditional

Perfect

Progressive

sth that might have happened in the past

(It's too late now.)

emphasis: length of time of an action

would+have+been

+Infinitive+ing

Iwould have been working.

Hewould have been going.

Iwould have been going.

Hewould have been going.

Iwouldn't have been working.

Hewouldn't have been going.

Iwouldn't have been going.

Hewouldn't have been going.

WouldIhave been working?

Wouldhe

have been working? WouldIhave been going?

Wouldhe

have been going?

We sometimes use Continuous instead of Progressive Some signal words can be found in more tenses We did not list signal words in the future Always remember what action is described