1. His duty is to design the architecture complex together with his partners. The underlined phrase is used as _____. A. prepositional phrase used as a complement B. infinitive phrase used as a complement C. prepositional phrase used as a modifier D. infinitive phrase used as a modifier 2. “The wind may be strong enough to overturn a building ,or even to lift a very light building off its foundation”. The underline phrase is used as_______________. A. a subjective complement B. an object C. an adverb to modify the adjective D. a modifier of purpose
Trang 1Unit 6: NOUN CLAUSES Other name: Nominal clauses
I Introduction:
- Có chức năng giống như noun phrases: đó là chủ từ (a subject of a clause); túc từ ( an object of a clause); hay túc từ ( a complement of a clause)
II Noun clauses as subject: (NC + V)
- What you are doing seems very difficult
- That many residents of third world countries are dying is well –known
III Noun clauses as objects:
A. Direct objects:(SV + NC)
-You may choose whatever you like
B. Indirect objects:
- I will give whoever comes the message
C. Prepositional objects: (prep + NC)
- This school is different from what it was before
- We are thinking of what we should do next
IV Noun clauses as complements: (S +be + NC)
A. Subjective complements:
-You look as if you slept badly last night
-The problem was that he lost
B. Objective complements:
- That event made him what he is today
- You may call it what you like
C. Adjective complement: (adj + NC)
- I’m not sure whether we can still go
- Aren’t you curious what time the party starts?
* Chúng ta có thể sử dụng các Adj.: glad, certain, sorry, sure, obvious, too bad, unfair, strange, surprising, unfortunate,
2 I’m glad (that) you enjoyed the meal
5 I’m afraid that we haven’t any money
1 I wasn’t sure when the visitors would arrive
D. Noun complements (Noun + NC)
1 The news that he won surprises us all
* Chúng ta có thể sử dụng các Nouns: news, fact, a pity…
2 The news that the plane had crashed came as a terrible shock
Notes:
1 That là subordinating conjunction
2 W-h questions: what, when, where, why, how, who, how often, how long…
3 Main verbs + Noun clauses: accept, advise, announce, answer, argue, arrange, ask, assume( giả sử, thừa nhận), beg (khẩn cầu)
4 ‘Whether’ sau preposition chứ không phải là ‘If’:
We aren’t concerned about whether you like skyscrapers (or not)
5 Có thể bỏ ‘That’ trong trường hợp ‘that-clause’ là object
I don’t believe (that) they can finish building in time
6 Có thể thu nhỏ NC thành infinitives (Reduction of noun clauses to infinitives):
-He told me THAT I should drive = He told me To Drive
- He asked me if I would help = He asked me To Help
- I’m not sure how I can help = I’m not sure How To Help
Trang 2Exercise 1 : * In each of the following, select the One correct answer
1 I talked to Bob two weeks ago I thought he wanted to know about my cat, but I misunderstood him He asked me where _, not my cat
A is my hat B my hat was C my hat is D was my hat
2 “ The people in the apartment upstairs must have a lot of children.”
“ I don’t know how many _ , but it sounds like they have a dozen “
A children do they have B do they have children
C children they have D they have children
3 Do you know _ ? I myself have no idea
A how many years the earth is B how old the earth is
C how long is the earth D how much time has been the earth
4 “There’s too much noise in this room I can’t understand what _.”
“Neither can I.”
A is the professor saying B is saying the professor
C that the professor is saying D the professor is saying
5 When I was little, my father gave me some advice He said talk to strangers
A I shouldn’t B that shouldn’t C don’t D that I don’t
6 “I didn’t expect Ann’s husband to be here at the opera with her “
“I’m surprised, too Ann must have insisted that _ with her.”
A he come B he comes C he came D he had come
7 “ Ms Wright, can you give me a little extra help typing some letters today ?”
“ Sorry, I can’t The boss has an urgent report for me to write She demanded that it _on her desk by 5 P.M today “
8 “Did you tell where _ us this evening?”
“Yes, I did I can’t understand why she is late “
A should she meet B she to meet C she meets D to meet
9 A fortune-teller predicted _ inherit a lot of money before the end of the year
A that I would B that I C what I will D what I
10 “ Bill Frazer seems like a good person for the job, but we don’t know why he left his last job” “I know why He told me _a serious policy disagreement with his boss last January “
A If he’d had B he’d had C what he’d had D that what he’d had
11 “ It is true that you fell asleep in class yesterday and began to snore ?”
“ Unfortunately, yes _ is unbelievable ! I’m very embarrassed “
A That I could do such a thing it B That I could do such a thing
C I could do such a thing it D I could do such a thing
12 “ Officer, can you tell me how to get to Springfield ?”
“ Sure What part of Springfield _ to go to ? “
Trang 313 “ Is it true _ the law says there is no smoking in restaurants in this city ?”
“Yes That law was passed last year “
14 prompt is important to our boss
C If a person is D Whether or not a person is
15 The mystery movie was clever and suspenseful The audience couldn’t guess _ committed the murder until the surprise ending
A who he B who had C that who D that
16 How do you like your new school? tell me _
A who in your class is B who your class is in
C who is in your class D your class who is in
17 “ What do you recommend _ about this tax problem ?”
“ I strongly suggest that we consult an expert as soon as possible “
A do we do B we will do C we do D should we do
18 The college does not grant degree simply to _ pays the cost of tuition; the student must satisfy the academic requirements
A whoever B who C whomever D whoever that
19 “ What are you going to buy in this store ?”
“ Nothing _ want is too expensive “
A That I B What I C That what I D What do I
20 “ Does anybody know _ on the ground ?”
“ Your guess is as good as mine “
A how long this plane will be B how long will be this plane
C how long will this plane be D that how long this plane will be
21 “ This restaurant is very expensive ! “
“It is, but order _ want Your birthday is a very special occasion ”
A what is it you B what do you C whatever you D whatever you do
22 Why did Beth ask you _ a bicycle?
A that If you had B do you have C that you had D if you had
23 “ What did your grammar teacher want to talk to you about ?”
“ I did badly on the last test She _ study for it “
A said why didn’t I B asked why didn’t I
C said why I didn’t D asked why I didn’t
24 “ Why are you staring out the window ? What _ about ?” - “ Nothing “
A you are thinking B you think C are you thinking D do you are thinking
25 “ I can’t decide what colour I want for my bedroom What do you think ?”
“ You should choose _ colour you want You’re the one who will have to live with it “
A whichever that B what C however D that what
Trang 426 “ Did you remember to tell Marge she should bring to the meeting tomorrow ?”
“Oh, my gosh! I completely forgot! I’m sorry.”
27 " My aunt has been feeling bad since Uncle George died Is it because she’s depressed ?” -“ I think so _ can cause debilitating physical symptoms is a medical fact.”
C That depression D It is that depression
28 There was an earthquake on the coast yesterday Fortunately, there was no loss of life
However, because of the danger of collapsing sea walls, it was essential that the area
_ evacuated quickly
29 _ saying was so important that I asked everyone to stop talking and listen
A What the woman was B The woman was
C That the woman was D What was the woman
30 “This cake is terrible What happened?”
“It’s my grandmother’s recipe, but she forgot to tell me how long it.”
A did I bake B Should I bake C do I bake D to bake
Exercise 2 : * Identify the noun clause in the following sentences and describe the function of each
1 He said he was dissatisfied with my work
2 He announced that he was going to retie from the Civil Service
3 I have no idea why she left
4 He was in doubt about whether he should accept the post
5 There has been no news about when the lecture will arrive
6 Take care how you cross these busy streets
7 The thought that she might lose her job worried Mrs Brown
8 He expressed a hope that you would soon be well again
9 Is there any certainty that they will carry out their undertakings?
10 There was unmistakable evidence that Jimmy had been eating the Jam
11 Instructions were given that warm clothing should be distributed to the floor victims
12 Jane said she wished to earn her own living
13 What is done deliberately is quite clear
14 Many people are wondering when inter-planetary travel will become possible
15 We greatly regret that we were obligated to refuse your invitation
16 Can you explain to me where he lives?
17 What you are attempting is really too difficult for you
18 The hospital will greatly appreciate all you can do for the patients
19 We were greatly amused by what you told us
20 It seems that he is not coming to the party after all
Trang 5Exercise 3 : * Convert the noun clause in (ex.2) into noun phrases
• He said he was dissatisfied with my work. He expressed dissatisfaction with my work
• Take care how you cross these busy streets Take care how to cross these busy streets
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. _ 11. _ 12. _
Exercise 4: Further reading
LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Low-rise residential buildings include the smallest buildings produced in large quantities Single-family detached houses, for example, are in the walk-up range of one to three stories and typically meet their users' needs with about 90 to 180 square metres (about 1,000 to 2,000 square feet) of enclosed floor space Other examples include the urban row house and walk-up apartment buildings Typically these forms have relatively low unit costs because of the limited purchasing power of their owners The demand for this type of housing has a wide geographic distribution, and therefore most are built by small local contractors using relatively few large machines (mostly for earth moving) and large amounts of manual labour at the building site The demand for these buildings can have large local variations from year to year, and small builders can absorb these economic swings better than large organizations The building systems developed for this market reflect its emphasis on manual labour and its low unit costs A proportion of single-family detached houses are “factory-built”; that
is, large pieces of the building are prefabricated and then transported to the site, where considerable additional work is required to complete the finished product
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