The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light. The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light5. T
Trang 1RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE
1 Relative clauses replaced by participles (present and past participles)
a Present participles (Hiện tại phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động.
Ex: a The boy who is playing the piano is Ben The boy playing the piano is Ben.
b We have a house which overlooks the park We have a house overlooking the park
c The man who spoke to John is my brother The man speaking to John is my brother
b Past participles (Quá khứ phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
Ex: a They live in a house that was built in 1890 They live in a house built in 1890
b The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
2 Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases
- To-infinitive được sử dụng sau: the first, the second,… the last, the only và sau hình thức so sánh nhất
Ex: a Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
b The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light. The last person to leave the room must turn off
the light
Rewrite the following sentences using present participle, past participle or to-infinitive:
1 Maxicorp were the only company which replied my letter
2 Do you the man who is talking to my father ?
3 Applications which were sent after 23rd will not be considered
4 We have a lot of exercises which we have to do tonight
5 Studies of her son are the most important thing that she cares about
6 The equipment which belongs to the club is insured
7 George is the first person that we will interview
8 Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings
9 The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in VungTau
10.The trees which were planted last week are growing well
11 The man who is talking to John is from Korea
12 The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting
13 Ann is the woman who is responsible for preparing the budget
14 English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters
15 The books that are on that shelf is mine
16 The children who attend that school receive a good education
17 The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries
18 The sunlight which comes through the window wakes me up early every morning
19 John Quincy Adams, who was born on July 11th 1767, was the sixth president of the United States
20 These are the ancient houses which were built a long time ago
21 The children who attend that school receive a good education
22 We have an apartment which overlooks the park
23 He was the second man who was killed in this way
24 Here are some accounts that you must check
25 He was the first man who reached the top
26 In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonade, which is made of lemon juice water, and sugar
27 Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way
28 I’d be more interested if I had a family that I had to cook for
1 There is someone who is knocking at the door
2 Passengers who travel on planes shouldn’t smoke
3 The photographs which were taken by my son were extraordinary
4 What can you do about a dog which is barking all right?
5 Is there any good place where we can stay tonight?
6 We have an apartment which over looks the park
7 The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light
8 Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London
9 The experiment which was conducted at the university of Chicago was successful
10 The ideas that are presented in that book are interesting
Trang 2Change the relative clause to phrase: Sach gv
1 Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
2 The road that joins the two village s is very narrow
3 Most of the goods that are made in this factory are exported
4 My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out off the house
5 Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia
6 The woman who lived here before us is a romantic novelist
7 The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
8 Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way
9 All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam
10 Simon Bolivar, who was a great South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century
11 Some of the people who have been invited to the party can’t come
12 Ann is the woman who is responsible for the error
13 Mr Jackson, who has been working in the company for over ten years, was nominated as the new director
14 English has an alphabet the consists of 26 letters
15 We noticed a pile of stones which had been left in the road
1 We used to have a room in which we could play music
2 The child will be happier if he has someone that he can play with
3 David was the only person who offered his help
4 We had to sit on the ground because we hadn’t anything that we could sit on
5 She didn’t have anyone to whom she could send cards
6 There is a big yard that your children can play in
7 Emma Thompson is the most famous actress who will appear on stage here
8 We have some picture books that children can read
9 He was the second man who was killed in this way
10 Here are some novels that she should read
Make one sentence from two
1 Astronomy is one of the world oldest sciences It is the study of planets and stars
2 The vegetables are grown without chemicals They are sold in supermarkets
3 People have marched to London They are protesting against pollution
4 The police never found the money It was stolen in the robbery
5 There was a big red car It had been parked outside the house
6 Libya is a leading producer of oil It is a country in North Africa
7 A chemical company has gone bankrupt It employed 4,000 people
8 A new drug may give us eternal youth It was developed at a British university
9 A new motorway is planed It will cost 500 million dollars
10 Some weapons belong to the IRA They are found at a flat in Bristol
Sach Ngu phap Tieng Anh
I/ Reduce relative clause to phrases:
1 The man who is standing there is a clown
2 The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it
3 Benzene, Which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting-point in the manufacture in many dyes, perfumes and explosives
4 My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house
5 The students don’t know how to do the exercises which were given by the teacher yesterday
6 The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of the year 1812
7 The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator
8 All the astronausts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless
9 All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam
10 I saw many houses that are destroyed by the storm
11 The street which leads to the school is very wide
12 The system which is used here is very successful
13 Mr Jackson, who teaches my son, is my neighbor
14 Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London
15 The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam
Trang 316 We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.
17 Customers who complain about the service should see the manager
18 The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
19 My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm
20 The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals
II/ Replace the relative clause by an infinitive or infinitive phrase:
1 We had a river in which we could swim
2 The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with
3 I have some letters that I must write
4 If she had a family that she had to cook for, she would be more interested
5 I haven’t anyone that I can go with
6 We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything that we could sit on
7 I wish I had a box that I could keep my letters in
8 She hadn’t anyone to whom she could sends cards
9 Have you got a key that can unlock this door?
10 There are six letters which have to be written to day
11 The is a bench that your children can sit on
12 We have some picture books that children can read
13 He was the second man who was killed in this way
14 Here is the novel that she should read
15 The man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable
III/ Replace the To-infinitive phrases by relative clauses:
1 Lady Astor was the first woman to take her seat in Parliament
2 The last student to be interviewed was John
3 I was the only person to see the difficulty
4 The last person to leave the room must turn out the lights
5 The air-hostess was the only person to survive the crash
6 Jim was the first boy to reach the top
7 He was the first man to leave the burning building
8 We had a lake to swim in
9 Here is an application form for you to fill in
10 I have some letters to type right now
Sach TA 11
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences, using a present participial phrase:
1 The man who spoke to John is my brther
2 The boy who is playing the piano is Ben
3 Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
4 The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
5 The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
6 The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood
7 We have an apartment which overlooks the park
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences, using a past participial phrase
1 The Sport Games which were held in India in 1951 were the first Asian Games
2 The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting
3 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
4 They lie in a house that was built in 1980
5 The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary
6 The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful
7 They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences, using an infinitive phrase
1 Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space
2 John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain
3 The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light
4 The first person that we must see is Mr Smith
5 This is the second person who was killed in that way
Trang 46 The first person who catched the ball will be the winner.
1 present, scientists are trying to find out the most suitable energy
2 Nuclear power can provide us _ great source of energy
3 Do you know where this kind of energy comes _?
4 Oil, coal, and natural gas are
a solar system b nuclear power c hydropower d fossil fuels
5 energy uses natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind, or water for power and fuel, rather than oil, coal, or nuclear power
a Alternative b Solar c Hydroelectricity d Electricity
6 Water energy is used to create electricity.
7 Nuclear power is cleaner than coal
8 The sun releases large amounts _ energy everyday
9 The solar energy can change electricity
10 We do not have plenty energy as we think
11 How long will it be before the world’s fuel supplies are exhausted?
a got rid of b used up c put up with d gone out
12 The potential of alternative sources of energy is great
a ability to achieve b solar system c use d heat
13 There is of solar energy that we cannot make use of
14 The seas store and release it gradually during cold periods
15 I pulled off the sheets which covered the furniture
a to cover b covered c that covering d covering
16 The nuclear power plant that was completed last year will come to operate tomorrow
a completing b to complete c completed d which completed
17 We have a lot of important documents on energy to read
a that we have to read b for reading c we read d which we read
18 The solar panel _ on the roofs of the house can get enough energy for the whole family
19 It may take thousands years to form a kind of energy
20 Finding out a new source _ energy is the aim of many scientists
21 We may have a lot of energy if we can make use _ the energy from the sun
22 energy is one that comes from sun
Trang 5a Wind b Wave c Nuclear d Solar
23 _ heat comes from deep inside the earth
24 Solar energy is not only plentiful but also infinite.
25 Our building was cut off so we had to stop working
26 Solar energy does not make the environment
27 most of our present energy comes from fossil fuels
Sach BT TA 11
2 a electricity b geothermal c alternative d radiation
3 a available b potential c unlimited d infinite
5 a ecologist b fertilizer c dangerous d scientist
1 Oil, coal, and natural gas are fuels made from decayed material from animal or plants
2 We could make better of our energy resources
3 Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.
a boundless b unlimited c uncountable d inflexible
4 Many newer cars have a much lower fuel
a consuming b consumer c consummation d consumption
5 We should develop such sources of energy as solar energy and nuclear energy
a tradition b alternative c revolutionary d surprising
Replace the relative clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase:
1 He was the first man who left the burning building
2 The last person who leaves the room must turn out the lights
3 The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with
4 Here are some accounts that you must check
5 My brother is the only one who realized the danger
6 The queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde
7 We had a river in which we could swim
8 She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards
9 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
10 The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable
11 I wish we had a garden that my children could play in
12 I have some homework that I must do tonight
13 Have you brought a book that Kevin can read
14 She is the only woman who was appointed to the broad
15 The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with
Change all of the adjective clauses to adjective phrases Use participles:
1 Only a few of the movie that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children
2 The couples who live in the house next door are both college professors
3 A knuckle is a point that connects a finger to the rest of the hand
4 Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth’s fresh water
5 Only a small fraction of the eggs that are laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood
6 Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way
7 None of the pedestrians who were walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man who was slumped in the door way
8 Food that passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube which is called the esophagus
9 Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild
Trang 610 The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons that featured Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse
11 The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture
12 I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel
Choose the answer that best completes each sentence:
1 The guest on our show is the youngest golfer _ the Open
2 I have a message for people by the traffic chaos
3 Emma Thompson is the most famous actress on the stage here
4 The boy in the accident was taken to hospital
5 The captain was the last the sinking ship
6 Melanie was the only person a letter of thanks
7 Who were those people outside?
8 We noticed a pile of stones in the road
9 A lorry _ concrete pipes has overturned
10 Near the White House is another famous landmark the Washington Monument
11 I live in a pleasant room the garden
a to overlook c overlooked c which overlooking d overlooking
12 The food in this supermarket is very good
13 To plant rice, farmers, _, set young plants in the mud
a they wade with bare feet in the water b who water wading in their bare feet
c wading in the water in their bare feet d whose bare feet wading in the water
14 A fine tomb, , marks the grave of the poet Chaucer
a which in the fifteenth century was erecting b erected in the fifteenth century
c erecting in the fifteenth century d being erected in the fifteenth century
15 I had just one reply Abco was the company to reply to my letter
16 At last I’ve found the information that I was looking
17 Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman governor in the United States
A who elected b to be elected c was elected d her election as
18 Pioneers, in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally self-sufficient
19 Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building on the campus of Princet on University
20 _ in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as black gold because of the large profit it brought
a Discovering b which was discovered c Discovered d That when discovered
21 Neil Armstrong, person to set foot on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and powdery
a the first b to be the first c was the first d as the first
22 Lady Astor was the first woman her seat in Parliament
23 Hydroelectric power is produced by the fall of water _ in a dam
24 Coal was the first fuel _ the earth’s outer atmosphere
Trang 7a reach b reaches c that reaches d is reached
25 The energy _ by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps.Sach TN TA
a that is producing b which produces c producing d produced
26 Johnny was the last applicant for aposition in that energy station
a to interview b which is interviewed c interviewing to be interviewed
27 Is there any oil ?
28 I have something interesting
29 Scientists will find ways our supplies of coal, oil, and gas
a to increase b increasing c that is increasing d increased
30 The heat from the sun is infinite
31 A survey on alternative sources of energy out by those scientists will be reported to the public next week
32 I do not think nuclear power is the only energy _
33 They are against nuclear power because they think of the nuclear disaster _ in Japan in World War II
34 We have a lot of things _ for our project
35 Do you think the beautiful young girl over there?
36 Just imagine what would happen to a nuclear power station by terrorists?
37 The instructions _ by Professor Johnson helped us know more about the danger of energy pollution
38 The printing press _ by Gutenburg in Germany has changed forever the process of writing
39 Air is necessary to the of all living things
40 Do you know the woman toward us?
41 The people _ for the bus in the rain are getting wet
42 I come from a city _ in the southern part of the country
43 That was the year _ I was born
44 Water energy _ electricity
a used to create b is used to create c is used to creating d used for creating
45 The sun releases large amounts of energy every day
A a large amounts of b lot of c great deal of d lots of
46.Solar energy, air, and water are resources because there is an unlimited supply
47 The scientists the causes of cancer are making progress
a are researching b researching c who are researching d b&c are correct