5. Các đại từ bất định (Indefinite pronouns) khá rắc rối. Những đại từ như: either, neither, each, every, one, các đại từ có one, body hoặc thing (anyone, no one, someone, anybody, nobody, somebody, anything, everything...) đòi hỏi động từ ở hình thức số ít. One of my closest f riends in the class comes from Singapore. Trong lớp, một trong những người bạn thân nhất của tôi đến từ Singapore. Each of us studies hard. Mỗi một chúng tôi đều học hành chăm chỉ. Cả khi những đại từ này kết hợp với nhau cũng dùng động từ số ít. Anybody and everybody is welcome. Mọi người đều được chào đón. Lưu ý: Khi each theo sau chủ ngữ, thì each không còn ảnh hưởng gì đến động từ nữa. Chẳng hạn, nếu
Trang 1Prefixes
Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing word in order to create a new word with a different meaning For example:
word prefix new word
happy un- unhappy
cultural multi- multicultural
work over- overwork
space cyber- cyberspace
market super- supermarket
Suffixes
Suffixes are added to the end of an existing word For example:
word suffix new word
child -ish childish
work -er worker
taste -less tasteless
idol -ize/-ise idolize/idolise
like -able likeable
Các tiền tố thường gặp:
Anti- Chống lại Anti-war, antisocial Auto- Tự động Auto-pilot, autography Bi- Hai, hai lần Bicycle, bilingual
Ex- Trước đây Ex-wife, ex- smoker Micro- Nhỏ bé Microwave,
microscopic Mis- Tồi tệ, sai Misunderstand,
misinform Mono- Một, đơn lẻ Monotone, monologue Multi- Nhiều Multi-national,
multi-purpose Over- Nhiều, quá mức Overdo, overtired,
overeat Post- Sau Postwar, postgraduate Pre- Trước Pre-war, pre-judge
QUY TẮC CẤU TẠO TÍNH TỪ
Trang 2Pro- Tán thành, ủng hộ Pro-government,
pro-revolutionary Pseudo- Già Pseudo- scientific
Re- Lần nữa, trở lại Retype, reread, rewind Semi- Phân nửa Semi-final, semicircular Sub- Bên dưới Subway, subdivision Under- Thiếu, không đủ Underworked,
undercooked Tiền tố phủ định Ví dụ
Im- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu m hoặc p) Immature, impatient
Ir- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu r) Irreplaceable irregular
Il- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu l) Illegal, illegible, illiterate
In- Inconvenient, inedible
Dis- Disloyal, dissimilar
Un- Uncomfortable, unsuccessful
Bài tập chữa trong video:
Ex1:
A Form the adjective and its antonym by adding appropriate prefixes
attention attract comfort competence formality health offend predict reason rely
B Now use the negative adjectives to fill the blanks
1 My watch is very , so I'm not sure of the correct time
2 if that chair is , try this one over here
3 The atmosphere was very _ and everyone was on first-name terms
4 He was so that he sent everybody the wrong information
5 Was it _ of me to expect them to do so much homework?
6 That terrible make-up makes her look most
7 He was a very pupil and seemed to spend most of the time looking out
of the window
Trang 38 He keeps saying that eating all this fast food is _ , especially if you don't get much exercise
9 He's very _ You never know what he's going to do next
10 I thought It was an remark but apparently she was deeply insulted
Ex2:
A Put one of the prefixes dis-, mis-, en- or un- in front of each of the words in the list below to form verbs
agree load appear lock approve judge behave obey danger sure inform understand large wrap
B Now use the verbs you have formed to complete the sentences Use each verb once only in its correct form
1 I'm afraid you've been _ We never give discounts
2 By _ the photo, we were able to read the words on the note
3 The porter the door and let me in
4 If those children _ once more, they'll go straight to bed!
5 Unfortunately, my father _ of my new girlfriend
6 The money can't just have ! Somebody has stolen it!
7 After they've _ the furniture from the lorry, I'll make them a nice cup of tea
8 I spoke very slowly and clearly so that nobody would what I was saying
9 The soldier was put in prison for a week for orders
10 We all gathered round to watch as she _ the parcel
11 I _ the width of the stream and fell into the water
12 You must always that the car's brakes are on properly before you start working
on the engine
13 We must not use chemicals that will the environment and maybe ruin it for future generations
14 Mandy and I completely about where to go on holiday She wants to go somewhere warm by the sea - and I want to go skiing!