ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

INVERSION in QUESTIONS Đ o ng trong câu h i ảo ngữ trong câu hỏi ữ trong câu hỏi ỏi Ex: She goes to school.. Đ o ng là hình th c ảo ngữ là hình thức ữ là hình thức ức đ o ngảo ngữ là hì

INVERSION IN ENGLISH

1 INVERSION in QUESTIONS (Đ o ng trong câu h i) ảo ngữ trong câu hỏi) ữ trong câu hỏi) ỏi)

Ex: She goes to school -> Does she go to school?

She is the General Director -> Is she the General Director?

She has seen the Grand Canyon -> Has she seen the Grand Canyon?

2 INVERSION with CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( Câu đi u ki n) ều kiện) ện)

a Câu đk loại 1:

(Lưu ý: Dùng SHOULD để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)

Ex: Should she come late she will miss the train

INVERSION

WHEN???

HOW???

WHAT???

Đ o ng là hình th c ảo ngữ là hình thức ữ là hình thức ức

đ o ngảo ngữ là hình thức ược vị trí thông c v trí thông ị trí thông

thường của chủ từ và ng c a ch t và ủa chủ từ và ủa chủ từ và ừ và

đ ng t trong m t câu.ộng từ trong một câu ừ và ộng từ trong một câu

Đ o ng đảo ngữ là hình thức ữ là hình thức ược vị trí thông c dùng đ ể

nh n m nh m t thành ấn mạnh một thành ạnh một thành ộng từ trong một câu

ph n hay ý nào đó trong ần hay ý nào đó trong câu

If S + V(s/es), S + will/can/may + V

 Should + S+ V, S + will/can/may + V

b Câu đk loại 2:

(Lưu ý: Dùng WERE TO để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)

Ex: If I were you I would work harder =Were I you

If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her

c Câu đk loại 3 :

Ex: If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam

= Had my parents not encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam

Bài tập áp dụng:

Rewrite the following sentences:

1 If it hadn’t been for hot weather, we would have had a wonderful holiday Had ………

2 If I knew her I would invite her to the party

Were ………

3 If they lived in Nha Trang now, they would go swimming

Were ………

4 If Mary had studied hard, she would have passed the exam

Had ………

5 If the police had found out, I would have been in trouble

Were………

3 INVERSION with NO và NOT:

No + N + auxiliary V + S + Verb (inf) Not any + N+ auxiliary V + S + Verb (inf)

If S + V(ed), S + would/could/might + V

 Were + S/ Were + S+ to V, S + would/could/might + V

If S + had + V 3 ED , S + would/could/might + have + V 3 ED

 Had+S+V 3 ED , S + would/could/might + have + V 3 ED

Ex: No money shall I lend you from now on

= Not any money shall I lend you from now on

4 INVERSION with NEGATIVE ADVERBS ( Các tr ng t ph đ nh) ạng từ phủ định) ừ phủ định) ủ định) ịnh)

Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever, : hiếm khi mà

Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary V + S+ V

Ex: Never in mid-summer does it snow.

Hardly ever does he speak in the public.

Little does she know about Vietnamese history.

(She knows little about Vietnamese history.)

5 INVERSION with ONLY

Only one

Ex: Only one did I meet her

ĐN

Only later

Only in this way

Only in that way

Ex: Only in this way could the problem be solved

Only then

Ex: Only then was he able to recognize that he would be in trouble.

Only after

Ex: Only after all guests had gone home could we relax.

+ N/ V-ing

ĐN Only by

Ex: Only by practicing English everyday can you speak

it fluently

Only with

Ex: Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car.

Only when

Ex: Only when her friends told me did I know she had ĐN

been well-known.

Only when I understand her did I like her

+ clause

Only if

Ex: Only if you try your best to study will you realize

your dream

time/

place

ĐN

6 INVERSION with “NO” PHRASES

a At no time: Không bao giờ

Ex: The result of the match was never in doubt

=> At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt

b On no condition

On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N: Dù b t c lý do gì cũng không ất cứ lý do gì cũng không ứ lý do gì cũng không

Ex: On no condition shall we accept their proposal

On no account should you be late for the exam.

c Under/ in no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không

Ex: Under no circumstances should you lend him the money

d For no reason: Chẳng có lí do gì

Ex: For no reasonwill you play truant

e In no way: Không sao có thể

Ex: In no way could I agree with you.

f No longer: Không còn nữa

Ex: No longer does he smoke 20 cigarettes a day.

g By no means: Hoàn toàn không

Ex: By no means does he intend to criticize your idea

7 INVERSION with ADVERBIAL PHRASES of PLACE/ ORDER

a Here/ there … + V ( chia theo ch ng ) + S ủ định) ữ trong câu hỏi)

b First/ second/ third…….+ V ( chia theo ch ng ) + S ủ định) ữ trong câu hỏi)

c In front of/ behind/ under/ over/ across …… + N (PLACE)

d Away/ down/ in/ off/ out/ round/ up ………



First comes the ambulance then comes the police.

In front of the park stood a nice house.

Away went the criminal.

Bài t p áp d ng: ập áp dụng: ụng:

=> On ………

a Đ oảo ngữ trong câu hỏi) ngữ trong câu hỏi) v i ới SO

“So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that + clause”

Ex: So dark is it that I can't write

So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself

So difficult was the exam that few student pass it

b Đ o ảo ngữ trong câu hỏi) ngữ trong câu hỏi) v i SUCH ới

“Such + to be + Danh t + ừ + that + clause”

· Ex: Such is the moment that all greats traverse

(Th t là th i kh c tr ng i l n lao) ật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao) ời khắc trở ngại lớn lao) ắc trở ngại lớn lao) ở ngại lớn lao) ại lớn lao) ớn lao).

Such is the stuff of dreams

(Th t là m t gi c m vô nghĩa) ật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao) ột giấc mơ vô nghĩa) ất cứ lý do gì cũng không ơ vô nghĩa).

L u ý: Th ưu ý: Thường khi gặp “so great, so much + Noun” ưu ý: Thường khi gặp “so great, so much + Noun”ờ ng khi g p “so great, so much + Noun” ặp “so great, so much + Noun” thì ta dùng đ o ng v i ảo ngữ trong câu hỏi) ữ trong câu hỏi) ới

“such”

The problem is so great that everybody is concerned of it

=> Such ………

Adverbial phrases + Main verb + subject

There is so much uncertainty that I will not invest my money

=> Such ………

a

NO SOONER

HARDLY

SCARELY

BEARLY

+ had + S + Vp2

than when when when

clause

V a m i thì đã ừ và ới thì đã

Ex: 1 The company had no sooner launched its new product than it went

bankrupt

=> No sooner ………

2 I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang

=> Hardly ………

3 She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep

=> Scarely ………

b Not only but also không những…….mà còn…

Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V…

hoặc Not only + trợ động to + S +V + but + S + also V

Ex: Not only is he good at E but he also draws very well

Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly

Not only does he study well, but also he sings well

c Đảo ngữ với until/ till

Until/ till + clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V

Ex: I won't come home till 10 o'clock

=Not until/ till 10 o'clock that I will come home

= It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home

I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home

= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key

d Đảo ngữ với No where

No where+ Au+ S+V Ex: No where in the VN is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country

No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home

No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country

EXERCISE:

I Rewrite the following sentences:

1 She not only passed the exam but also got a prize (Not only)

………

2 The Picasso painting was so expensive that nobody could buy it (So)

3 Women in developed countries no longer bear many children

No longer

4 John didn't celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing

Not until

5 He never suspected that she was a witch

At no time

6 I have never seen such a mess in my life

> Never ……… ………

7 Public borrowing has seldom been so high

> Seldom ………

8 The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property

> In no way ……….………

9 The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony

> No sooner ……….…

10 Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face

> Only when ……….…………

11 The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances

> Under no circumstances ……… ………

II Choose the best answer:

1 No sooner ……… down than the phone rang

A I had sat B do I sit C had I sat D was I sitting

2 Never ……… a greater day in the history of mankind

A did there be B was there C there was D there has been

3 At no time ………… That he was the killer.

A I didn’t suspect B was I suspect C I had suspected D did I suspect

4 Little ……… that I knew his secret

A did John know B John did know C was John know D John knew

5 Not until ……… Her did I realize how beautiful she was

6 Not only ……… my keys, I’ve lost my wallet, too

A I have lost B are I lost C I did lose D have I lost

7 Rarely ……… about the environment enough to give up their car

A do people care B people care C are people care D care people

8 Only when …… may vehicles cross the train tracks

A is the green light on B the green light is on

C did the green light be on B on is the green light

9 Seldom ……… such a rude person!

A have I met B I have met C did I met D am I meeting

10 Only after doing his chores ……… to go to meet his friends

11 No sooner had we started the picnic the rain began pouring down!

12 Hardly attack people

13 Not until the end of the 19th century become a scientific discipline

A plant breeding has B did plant breeding C plant breeding had D has plant breeding

14 Had she worked harder last summer, she

A wouldn't have been sacked B wouldn't have sacked

15 he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came

A No longer has B No sooner had C Not until had D Hardly had

16 Only when you grow up the truth

A you will know B you know C do you know D will you know

17 , he would have learned how to read

A If he has been able to go school as a child

B If he could go to school as a child

C Were he able to go to school as a child

D Had he been able to go to school as a child

18 _, they would have had what they wanted

A If they arrived at the fair early

B Had they arrived at the fair early

C Unless they arrived at the fair early enough

D Supposing they were arriving at the fair early

19 _ that she burst into tears

A Her anger was such

B So angry she was

C She was so anger

D Such her anger was

20 Canada does not require that U.S citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and _

A Mexico doesn’t, too

B so does Mexico

C Mexico doesn’t, either

D neither is Mexico

III Complete the sentences so that the meaning remains the same:

1 Photographs are not permitted under any circumstances

Under ………

2 We’ve never faced such a serious problem as this

Never………

3 I only realized it was Vanessa when she removed her hat

Only ………

4 The audience didn’t laugh at any point during the show

At………

5 As soon as Patrick had finished the e-mail, he sent it

No ………

6 It wasn’t clear who was going to win the match until the last few minutes

Not ………

7 Dennis passed his driving test and had an accident almost immediately afterwards Hardly ………

8 I didn’t learn the result of the match until I read the evening paper

Only …….………

9 The president will not resign under any circumstances

Under ………