check your vocabulary for ielts manteshwer

ln which country did the number of married people decline significantly overthe five-year period?. ln which country did the number of deaths decrease significantly between 1995 and 19998

AII you need to poss your exoms!

Text @ Macmillan Publishers Limited 2008

Design and illustration @ Macmillan Publishers Limited 2008

First published 2003 by A&C Black

This edition 2008

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.

Page make-up by Anne Sherlock

lllustrated by Julian Littlewood

Cover design by Anne Sherlock

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Although we have tried to trace and contact copyright holders befbre publication, in some cases this has not been possible lf contacted we will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity.

P r i n t e d a n d b o u n d in C h i n a

2012 2011 2010 2009

1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

ii

About this workbook

o

c

.+

c+rF

-iii

40 Confusing words & false friends

44 Useful interview expresslons

75 Science & technologY

78 Food & diet

n

o ct c

A conditionals B conditions C conditioners

3 , l t i s a of the university that you attend an interview

A requirement B requisite C requiem

of the contract

c u r e o d e m o t e o d i s a p p e a r i n c r e a s e p r o m o t e o r e d u c e

s w e l l s w i t c h o t r a n s f o r m

d i s s o l v e renew

s a l a r i e s

1 6 T h e y w a n t e d t o me from lf we y o u , y o u will lose a large

m a n a g e r t o s a l e s p e r s o n part of your salary

1 7 lf y o u w a s h it t o o m u c h , t h e c o l o u r w i l l _ W e w a t c h e d t h e i s l a n d s away

i n t o th e d i s t a n c e

1 8 T h e c o m p a n y d e c i d e d t o the You must t h e b o o k s o n t h e s h e l f

permanent staff with freelancers. w h e n y o u h a v e f i n i s h e d w i t h t h e m

5 0

4 5 40

3 5

3 0 25

2 0

t )

1 0 5 0

5 0

4 5 40

5 0 45 40

3 5

3 0

2 5 20

1 5

1 0 5 0Country 4: Cappadocia

4

Describing & analysing tables

1 ln which two countries was there a considerable discrepancy between married and single people between

4 ln which country did the number of under-18s rise dramatically between 1996 and 2000?

5 ln which country did the number of under-18s increase slightly between 1995 and 2000?

6 I n w h i c h c o u n t r y d i d t h e n u m b e r o f o v e r - 6 5 s g o up sharply b e t w e e n 1 9 9 6 a n d 1 9 9 8 ?

7 ln which country did the number of married people decline significantly overthe five-year period?

8 ln which country did the number of deaths decrease significantly between 1995 and 1999?

9 l n w h i c h tw o c o u n t r i e s w a s th e r e a s l i g h t d e c l i n e i n t h e n u m b e r o f m a r r i e d p e o p l e b e t w e e n 1 9 9 8 a n d

1999?

1 0 ln w h i c h c o u n t r y w a s t h e r e a s h a r p d r o p i n t h e n u m b e r o f u n d e r - l S s b e t w e e n 1 9 9 7 a n d 1 9 9 8 ?

1 1 ln w h i c h c o u n t r y w a s t h e r e a s l i g h t r e d u c t i o n i n t h e n u m b e r o f d e a t h s o v e r t h e f i v e - y e a r p e r i o d ?

12 ln which country was there a significant increase in the number of deaths between 1998 and 2000?

13 ln which country did the number of deaths remain constantover the five-year period?

N u m b e r o f unemproyeo

5

How something works

This object has several component parts, most of which are made of plastic A disc inserted into theobject sptns quickly At the same time a thin beam of light strikes the disc and converts digital symbolsinto sounds These sounds can be increased or decreased in volume bv means of a button or dial.(3 words)

Liquid and gas arc compressed in a hard metal tube This can be released by pushing or squeezing

a b u t t o n w h i c h o p e n s a v a l v e W h e n th e l i q u i d - g a s c o m b i n a t i o n / e a y e s t h e t u b e a n d i s m i x e d w i t hoxygen, it rapidly expands (1 word)

This object is mainly made of aluminium As it rnoves forward, air flows over two horizontal sections

As it acce/erates, a vacuumisformed over the horizontal sections and the object is pulled into the air

A sharp blade inside a plastic container rotates very quickly lt chops or grinds anything it touches,which we can then use lo produce soup, sauces and dressing (2 words)

A Thank you for your letter B Thanks a lot for your letter C It was great to hear from you.

3 You recently stayed in a hotel and were very unhappy with the service you received You are now

w r i t i n g to t h e m a n a g e r W h a t d o y o u s a y ?

A I had a horrible time at your hotel recently B I would like to say that I am unhappy about

your hotel C I would like to complain about the service I received at your hotel recently

4 Y o u h a v e s e n t a l e t t e r o f a p p l i c a t i o n t o a c o l l e g e , t o g e t h e r w i t h y o u r c u r r i c u l u m v i t a e w h i c h t h e

c o l l e g e r e q u e s t e d W h a t d o y o u s a y in t h e l e t t e r to e x p l a i n t h a t y o u r c u r r i c u l u m v i t a e is a t t a c h e d ?

A You asked for my curriculum vitae, so here it is B As you can see,l've enclosed my

curriculum vitae C As you requested, I enclose my curriculum vitae

5 Y o u h a v e a p p l i e d f o r a j o b , b u t y o u w o u l d l i k e th e c o m p a n y t o s e n d y o u m o r e in f o r m a t i o n W h a t

d o y o u s a y ?

A I would he grateful if you would send me more information B I want you to send me more

information C Send me some more information, if you don't mind

6 In a letter you have written to a company, you tell them that you expect them to reply What do you say?

A Write back to me soon, please B Please drop me a line soon

C I look forward to hearing from you soon

7 I n a l e t t e r y o u h a v e w r i t t e n , y o u w a n t t h e r e c i p i e n t t o d o s o m e t h i n g a n d a r e t h a n k i n g th e m i n

a d v a n c e o f t h e i r a c t i o n W h a t d o y o u s a y ?

A Thank you for your attention in this matter B Thanks for doing something about it

C I am gratified that you will take appropriate action

8 T h e c o m p a n y y o u w o r k f o r h a s re c e i v e d a n o r d e r fr o m a n o t h e r c o m p a n y a n d y o u a r e w r i t i n g to t h e m

t o a c k n o w l e d g e t h e o r d e r a n d l e t t h e m k n o w w h e n y o u c a n d e l i v e r W h a t d o y o u s a y ?

A About the order you sent on 12 January for B I would like to remind you of the order

you sent on 12 January for C I refer to your order of 12 January

9 In a lette[ you explain that the recipient can contact you if they want more information What do you say?

A Give me a call if you want some more information B If you would like any more

information, please do not hesitate to contact me C If you would like any more information,

why not get in touch?

1 0 Y o u b e g a n a l e t t e r w i t h t h e r e c i p i e n t ' s n a m e (e 9 , D e a r M r P e r r i n ) H o w d o y o u e n d th e l e t t e r ?

A Yours faithfully B Yours sincerely C Best wishes

1 1 You did not begin the letter with the recipient's name (see number 1 above) How do you end the letter?

A Yours faithfully B Yours sincerely C Best wishes

B L o o k a t t h e s e s e n t e n c e s a n d d e c i d e if t h e y a r e t r u e o r f a l s e

1 F o r m a l l e t t e r s a r e a l w a y s l o n g e r t h a n i n f o r m a l l e t t e r s

2 I n a f o r m a l le t t e r it i s a c c e p t a b l e t o u s e c o l l o q u i a l E n g l i s h , s l a n g a n d i d i o m s

3 ln a formal letter it is acceptable to use contractions (e.9., l've instead of I have)

4 l n a f o r m a l le t t e r y o u s h o u l d i n c l u d e y o u r name and address a t t h e t o p o f t h e p a g e

5 l n a f o r m a l le t t e l y o u s h o u l d a l w a y s w r i t e t h e d a t e in f u l l ( e 9 , 1 A p r i l 2 0 0 0 a n d n o t 1 / 4 / 0 0 )

6 I n a f o r m a l le t t e r , y o u should a l w a y s p u t y o u r full name (e.9., J a m e s H a r c o u r t a n d n o t J H a r c o u r t )

after your signature at the bottom of the letter

B It is often said that knowledge is the key to powe4 and I cannot disagree with this.

C On the one hand, I would experience lots of different cultures

D Unfortunately, another point is thatif I spent a year travelling I would need a lot of money

M In my opinion, starting work and making money is one of the most important things in life

N On the other hand, I could end up suffering ,from culture shock, homesickness and some strange

t r o o i c a l d i s e a s e s

O Furthermore, if I spent a year travelling, I would learn more about the world

P (1 6 ) A l l r i g h t , I' v e made my mind up NoW where's m y n e a r e s t t r a v e l a g e n c y ?

Contrast & com pa rison

A comparison B contrast C compare

b e t w e e n l e m o n j u i c e and lime juice

A By way of contrast B By ways of comparing C By similar means

9 The new model of car is verv t o t h e o l d o n e

the diagram 18 rhe tl$i is

the diagram 19 rhe Jl

Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review

your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible

3 To get a better finish, he swallowed up the two paints together'

4 The firm integrated with its main competitor in the battle to win more customers

5 T h e s u g g e s t i o n s f r o m a l l t h e c o m m i t t e e s w e r e t o o k o v e r in t o t h e m a i n p r o p o s a l

6 The immigrants faced hostility when they were first incorporated into the community

7 A lot of students had problems before they amalgamated into college life

g When the large international c o l l e g e g o t together t h e s m a l l e r s c h o o l , a l o t o f p e o p l e l o s t th e i r jo b s

2 The synthesrs between England and Scotland is over 300 years old

3 l n 2 0 0 3 , t h e t h r e e r e g i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r h e l p i n g h o m e l e s s p e o p l e f o r m e d a n a t i o n a l

b l e n d to h e l p a n d s u p p o r t o n e a n o t h e r

4 B r a s s i s a w e l l - k n o w n a l l i a n c e o f c o p p e r a n d z i n c

5 Water is a coalition of hydrogen and oxygen

6 The plan is a unification of several earlier proposals'

L The merger of ltaly did not occur until the second half of the nineteenth century.

g The company made its fortune by selling a popular union o'f coffee

9 The propose d federation of the Liberal and Labour Parties in the election was cause for much ridicule

10 As a result of the compound with the other company, Flax International became the largest in its field

12

Reason & result

The government raised the income tax rate

The government raised the income tax rate

The government raised the income tax rate

W h e n q u e s t i o n e d , m a n y r a c i s t s c a n n o t g i v e a l o g i c a l

t h e i r a c t i o n s

c u r b in f l a t i o n

c u r b i n g i n f l a t i o n the rapidly rising rate of inflation

t h e i r a t t i t u d e s

P a n i c b u y i n g

He was arrested

T h e fa m i l y w a s fo r c e d t o e c o n o m i s e

The fumes from motor traffic

when the stock market crashed

w a s u n a b l e t o e n r o l l fo r

the course u p s e t t i n g m e l i k e th a t ? h i s l a c k o f r e v i s i o n s t a r t i n g a r i o tits low turnover and poor

sales history i t s a c t i o nwhen the police officers on

t r i a l w e r e a c q u i t t e d a la r g e e a r t h q u a k e ? p e o p l e r a r e l y r e p a y a l o a n s e e k p r o f e s s i o n a l m e d i c a l

h e l p

d i f f e r e n t p e o p l e i ndifferent ways p o o r s t u d e n t a t t e n d a n c e s p e e d i n g t h r o u g h th e t o w n

p e o p l e i n m a n y d i f f e r e n t w a y s

a d o p t a

13

1 Small items of information are very important in a curriculum vitae.

2 I need to have precise information about your new proposals

3 The plan was unable to go ahead because of a small impoftant detailwhich is important in order tomake something happen

4 He demanded to know the small, precise and sometimes unimportant details

5 When you read a piece of text in the exam, you should read it quickly first to get the qeneral idea

6 Before you write an essay, you should plan it first and give a broad description without giving muchdetail

7 Odd features or details which make something different make the world a more interesting place

8 Saying that all seventeen-year-olds take drugs is a bit of a genetalslatement

9 Many cars have very similar typicalfeatures

1 0 T h e h u g e ri s e in c o m p u t e r s a l e s i s a g o o d e x a m p l e o f t h e d i r e c t i o n i n w h i c h te c h n o l o g y i s h e a d i n g

11 Normally, most students sitting the exam manage to pass with a good grade

12 The new library shows a good example of British architecture at its best

Generalisations & specifics GI o 5

lt's very frustrating when a minor technicality puts a stop to your plans

ln the same way, kimchii is a concoction of cabbage, chilli and garlic which is peculiar to Korea

D You should include full details of your past experience

Once you have an outline, you will discover that your work is easier to organise

We must be careful not to make this kind of generalisation

G l t e m i z e e v e r y t h i n g i n o r d e r o f i m p o r t a n c e , b e g i n n i n g w i t h y o u r p a s s p o r t a n d v i s a

H As far as he was concerned, the minutiae could not be overlooked

l Most manufacturers are aware that these characteristics are what help sell their product

J lt also provides us with an accurate illustration of the advances we have made in the last twenty

years

It illustrates his preference for increased automation

O n c e y o u have t h e g i s t , it s h o u l d b e e a s i e r t o u n d e r s t a n d i t

I t e x e m p l i f i e s t h e s t y l e t h a t i s b e c o m i n g i n c r e a s i n g l y p o p u l a r w i t h t o w n p l a n n e r s

ln general, the average result is a B or C

C For example, it is one of the peculiarities of the British system that judges and lawyers wear wigs in

Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review

your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible

15

5 The library is veceslxuily for the use of students and staff.

6 lt's a ilaptarrculy difficult problem which we hope to resolve as soon as possible

7 The advertisement is elcifipcsaly aimed at people over 50

Only or solely In most cases, normally or the main

reason for something

16

Opinion, attitude & belief

2 As far as I am concerning, happiness is more important than money

3 Scientists are convincingly Ihat human degradation of the environment is causing thousands of

soecies to become extinct

of struggle, the moderations have gained control of the party

15 He has very conservatism views and disapproves of change

The Cornucopian government decided to

8, To refuse something which is offered

relations with Utopia

You should never a good job when it's offered to you

9 To decide not to support or be part of a project or activity after you have agreed to do so

We decided todifficulty

when we discovered the company was in financial

10 To state that something is not correct

Before his trial, his lavvyer advised him to embezzling company funds

for the next few weeks as things stand ever since in medieval times

nowadays from now on back in the 1990s over the past six weeks

over the coming weeks and months r in another five years' time one day

in those days a few decades ago lately at this moment in time

at the turn of the century in my childhood / youth at this point in history

by the end of this year for the foreseeable future for the past few months

l a s t c e n t u r y o t h e s e d a y s f r o m 1 9 9 5 t o 1 9 9 8 s o o n e r o r l a t e r

19

Obj ects & actions

2 3 A w i d e r i v e r w i n d i n g th r o u g h th e c o u n t r y s i d e

2 4 T h e s u n tu r n i n g p e o p l e o n a b e a c h b r i g h t r e d

2 5 A n i n c e n s e s t i c k i n t h e e n t r a n c e t o a t e m p l e

2 6 A l u m p o f d r y e a r t h b e i n g ru b b e d b e t w e e n s o m e b o d y ' s f i n g e r s

27 Cold metal as it gets hotter

28 Hot metal as it gets cooler

2"1

7 A F r o m a y o u n g a g e , the idea of travelling w a s k e e n o n m e

B F r o m a y o u n g a g e I w a s k e e n on the idea of travelling

Likes & dislikes

Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review

your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible

-23

The people organising the exam will provide you with a pencil and an eraser.

2 P a r e n t s c a n b e made liable f o r t h e i r children,s d e b t s

Parents may be legally responsible for the money their children owe

3 He was obliged to pay back the money that he had won

He had the choice whether or not to pay back the money that he had won

4 Students doing holiday jobs are exempt from paying income tax

Students doing holiday iobs pay a smaller amount of income tax than other peopte

5 The United Nations voted to impose mandatory sanctions on the country.

The United Nations imposed legatly-binding sanctions which had to be obeyed by everyone,without exception

6 The doctors forced him to stop smoking

The doctors asked him to stop smoking

7 ' lt was an emergency and she pressed the red button; there was no alternative

There was nothing else she could do; she had to set off the alarm by pressing the red button

8 Classes on Wednesday afternoons are optional

/t rs necessa ry to attend c/asses on Wednesday afternoons.

9 ltis compulsoryto wear a crash helmet on a motorcycle

It is your choice whether or not to wear a crash helmet when you ride a motorcycle

10 The museum is asking visitors for a voluntary donation of f2

You don't need to pay E2 to visit the museum

B C o m p l e t e t h e s e s e n t e n c e s w i t h a n a p p r o p r i a t e w o r d o r e x p r e s s i o n f r o m t h e e x e r c i s e a b o v e

I n s o m e c a s e s , m o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r m a y b e p o s s i b l e

1 V i s i t o r s t o t h e countrv are t o d e c l a r e a n y e x c e s s t o b a c c o or alcoholimports to the customs officer

2 l ' m afraid I have b u t t o r e s i g n f r o m the committee.

3 l f y o u are caught s p e e d i n g , y o u will be t h e p a y m e n t o f t h e f i n e

4 Attendance at all classes is

end of the course

o

-g o

ft

o

cr tr o

1 The two warring countries

s c h o o l a n d t h e n g o i n g t ouniversity

an agreement for a new lease

its targets - those of free

e d u c a t i o n a n d h e a l t h c a r e

-w i t h i n e i g h t y e a r s his obligations to his current

e m p r o y e r t h e i r q o a l o f b e c o m i n g

m i l l i o n a i r e s t h e i r d r e a m s o f w i n n i n g the

M o n a c o G r a n d P r i x a l o t m o r e t h a n h i s p r e d e c e s s o r

h a d in t h e p r e v i o u s f i v e a compromise over the termsfor oeace

with the Democratic Liberal Party

A abate B abandon C abhor

2 Peace talks between the two countries

A collapsed B collaborated C collared

T h e l a w ensures t h a t r e s p e c t t h e p r i v a c y o f t h e p e o p l e who live ih theii houses.

of restaurants across the country protested at the new government tax that was

n e e d to r e l i n q u i s h t h e o f f i c e s w h e n t h e r u n s o u t at the end of the

p r o t e c t f a m i l i e s w h o a r e thrown out of their homes b e c a u s e t h e v a r e u n a b l e t o

d e f ic i t

1 0 A l o t o f

off their

1 1 T h e

9 T h e y a p p l i e d t o t h e W o r l d Bank f o r a t o h e l p p a y off their balance o f p a y m e n t s

p e o p l e lost their homes when the interest rate rose so much they were unable to pay

ct tr o

5 T h e th e a t r e benefited from a government grant

6 F o l l o w i n g a n o u t b r e a k o f B S E , a of cows has been destroved

Around the world

A C h o o s e the correct geopolitical word in A, B or C to complete each of these sentences

Around the world

5

o

-gL o n

OJ

ct

q oJ

B r a z i l i a n )

- i s h( e 9 , B r i t a i n =

= lcelandic)

Others( e 9 , F r a n c e =

o f s i z e , q u a n t i t y or dimension) or something smalt.

1 a minute amount of dust

2 a minuscule piece of cloth

m u s t h a v e blown into the camera a n d s c r a t c h e d t h e f i l m

5 Villages along the coast were destroyed when

swept houses into the sea

Size, quantity & dimension

7 One of the Roman emperor Nero's greatest excesses was to build

conta i n i n g a I most 1,000 pictu res by the controversia I photog ra pher

to do, so took the phone off the hook, made himself some coffee

Sha pe & f eatu res

4 curved, with a smooth surface

5 f l a t , w i t h w o r d s and dotted lines

Emphasis & misunderstanding

t't

o

CF

c o

Our teacher explained that it was crucially

important to pace ourselves while revisinq

f o r t h e e x a m

At the People's Party conference, the accent

w a s o n y o u t h u n e m p l o y m e n t

Prominent trade unionists have called for a

boycott of imported goods

It is of crucial importance that we make

m o r e u s e o f technology i f w e a r e t o m a k e

progress

T h e g o v e r n m e n t w i l l h a v e t o s i t up andtake note of what these important peoplehave to say

She emphasised the fact that panicking

w o u l d o n l y m a k e m a t t e r s w o r s e The leader gave prominence to the need to

c r e a t e b e t t e r jo b o p p o r t u n i t i e s

W e c o n s i d e r p r o g r e s s i n t h i s f i e l d t o b eextremely impoftant

He put great stress on the maxim that 'All

9 w i t h a n a p p r o p r i a t e w o r d o r e x p r e s s i o n f r o m

i s p o s s i b l e

a a

o f a over the tickets

points in his letter lt's not very clear

t h e m e a n i n g o f m y s p e e c h , c r e a t i n g t h e f a l s e i m p r e s s i o n t h a t I w a s a r a c i s t

t h a t s o c i a l i s m a n d c o m m u n i s m w e r e th e s a m e t h i n g , wrongly,t h a t h e w a s in n o c e n t

1 T h e p o p u l a t i o n o f t h e c o u n t r y h a s tr e b l e d in the last 25 years,

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of people living in the country

2 Unemployment has dropped by about 2o/o every year for the last six years

There has been a steady decrease in the number of people out of work

6 l t i s n o w m u c h e a s i e r t o i m p o r t g o o d s in t o t h e country t h a n i t w a s a f e w y e a r s a g o

There has been a tightening up of border controls

7 W e ' r e in c r e a s i n g o u r s t o c k s o f c o a l b e f o r e t h e w i n t e r b e g i n s

We're running down our stocks of coal ,

8 Prices have gone up by about 4o/o ever! year since 1998

There has been a constant rise in the rate of inflation

9 The pass rate for the exam was 3% lower this year than it was last year

There has been a sharp fall in the pass rate

34

There has been marked progress in her English.

17 People live in better houses, drive nicer cars and eat higher-quality food than they did twenty

f't

o ct c

-o

-35

3 The army slowly advanced,leaving a trail of devastation in its path.

4 They agreedto meet to discuss the future of the organisation.

5 The minister attacked his party's policies in a speech in parliament

6 The apartments blocks they built were the ugliest in the city

7 He complicated matters by rewriting the original proposal

8 They contrnued with their plans to assassinate the king when he opened the parliament

9 He deposited f7,000 - half his college fees for the forthcoming year

10 Relations between the two countries have improved considerably in the last year

1'1 He permitted us to present our petition directly to the President

12 The members of the commune were punrshed for their part in the revolution

set

l o w e r e d rejected

36