English grammar refresher course

Examples of irregular verbs... Verbs used to “support” other verbs are called helping verbs.. Writing: Verb Forms Present tense verbs - tell what is happening right now.. To form pre

Basics of English

Objective:

•

To learn how to use grammar properly (4)

• To learn how to read and write the correct spelling of words (4)

• To learn how to listen and understand carefully (4)

Examples of irregular verbs

A noun is a word that names a person, place or thing

Examples:

 Person-friend

 Place-home

 Thing-desk

Uses of nouns

 As Direct object: follows the verb and completes its meaning (who or what) Ex: Shelly’s family bought a new car

 As Indirect object: comes between the verb and the direct object (to whom or for whom)

Ex: She gave Tina a big hug

Proper and Common Nouns

 Proper nouns name specific people, places or things

Ex: Cebu, Vietnam, Beyonce

 Common nouns name nonspecific people, places or things

Ex: city, country, singer

Abstract and Concrete Nouns

 Concrete Nouns: can be touched or seen

Ex: house, puppy, chair

 Abstract Nouns an idea, thought or a feeling that cannot be touched

Ex: love, happiness, fear

 A verb tells what something does or that something exists

Examples:

• Tim has shared his apples with us

• Those apples were delicious

• I hope Tim is bringing more apples

tomorrow

• Tim picked the apples himself

 A verb is the action word in a sentence

It tells what the subject does (build,

laugh, express, fasten) or that it exists (is, are, was, were)

Examples:

• Randy raked the leaves into a pile

• I was late to school today

 Sometimes a verb can be two or more words Verbs used to “support” other verbs are called helping verbs

Examples:

• We were listening to music in my room

• Chris has been studying for over 2

hours

Verb Tenses

 Present Tense: I walk

 Past Tense: I walked

 Future Tense: I will walk

Writing: Verb Forms

 Present tense verbs

- tell what is

happening right

now To form

present-tense verbs,

use the “plain” verbs

or use is or are

before the verb and

add ing to the verb

 Future tense verbs

- tell about things that will happen in the future To form future-tense verbs, use will before the verb.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

 Regular verbs – usually ends in –ed

 Irregular verbs- changes completely in the past tense

IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENT

Begin

Speak

Drink

Know

Eat

wear

PAST PARTICIPLE

Has/have/had begun Has/have/had spoken Has/have/had drunk Has/have/had known Has/have/had eaten Has/have/had worn

PAST

Began Spoke Drank Knew Ate wore

“BE” as a Helping Verb

 A helping verb tells when the action of a

sentence takes place The helping verbs be has several forms: am, is, are, was, were and will These helping verbs can be used in all three tenses.

Examples:

Past: Ken was talking We were listening

Present: I am coming Simon is walking They are singing.

Future: I will work The puppies will eat.

In the present and past tense, many verbs can be written with or without the helping verb be When the verb is written with a form of be, add ing Was and is are used with singular subjects Were and are are used with plural subjects.

Examples:

Present tense: Angela sings Angela is singing The children sing They are singing.

Past tense: I studies I was studying They

studied They were studying.

The helping verb “will” is always needed for the future tense, but the “ing” ending is not used with “will”

“Will” is both sigular and plural.

“be” as a linking verb

A linking verb links a noun or adjective in the

predicate to the subject Forms of the verb be are the most common linking verbs Linking verbs can be used in all three tenses.

Examples:

Present: My father is a salesman.

Past: The store was very busy last night.

Future: Tomorrow will be my birthday.

In the first sentence, “is” links the subject (father) with a noun (salesman) In the second sentence, ‘was’ links the subject (store) with an adjective (busy) In the third sentence, ‘will be’ links the subject (tomorrow) with a noun (birthday)