HP-UX/Tru64 UNIX System Administration Interoperability phần 6 docx

Performance MonitoringCommands and Utilities Commands and Utilities The HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX operating systems have commands and utilities for monitoring system performance.. The collect

Performance Monitoring

Commands and Utilities

Commands and Utilities

The HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX operating systems have commands and utilities for monitoring system

performance

The collect utility (Tru64 UNIX)

The Tru64 UNIX collect command is a system monitoring tool that records or displays specific operating system data over an extended period of time Any set of the subsystems, such as file systems, message queue, tty, or header can be included in or excluded from data collection You can display data at the terminal, or store it in either a compressed or encompassed data file Data files can be read and manipulated from the command line, or through use of command scripts See the collect(8) reference page for additional

information

The dxsysinfo utility (System Information Utility) (Tru64 UNIX)

This graphical user interface, which runs on Tru64 UNIX, provides general information about the operating system and version, the amount of RAM, and number of CPUs You can use it to monitor CPU activity, in-use memory, available swap space, and file system usage The following illustrates this utility

• Process List Screen

• CPU Report Screen

• Memory Report Screen

• Disk Report Screen

A detailed description of GlancePlus/UX is available in the HP-UX 11i System Administration Handbook and

Toolkit by Marty Poniatowski.

The iostat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

The iostat command supplies statistics on how much I/O the system is performing; a system may be performing poorly because it is I/O bound

The HP-UX operating system and the Tru64 UNIX operating system both offer the iostat command, but they each have a different output Furthermore, there is an option offered only by HP-UX

HP-UX -t reports terminal statistics as well as disk statistics

The Tru64 UNIX implementation allows you to specify a drive parameter to force iostat to display specific drives

The default output of the commands differs greatly Here is the output from the iostat command run on an HP-UX system

Also, note that the Tru64 UNIX implementation only reports on the first two disk drives by default

See the appropriate iostat reference page for more information

The ipcs command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

This utility, which is implemented on both operating systems, displays certain information about active interprocess communication facilities There is only one difference between the two implementations in terms

of options

HP-UX -C corefile allows you to specify a file, which is a core file or a directory created by

savecrash or savecore, instead of /dev/kmem

The default output of the command as implemented in HP-UX corresponds to the command with the -a option under Tru64 UNIX

Performance Monitoring

Commands and Utilities

The output of this command also differs depending on the implementation, as illustrated here

HP-UX

# ipcs

IPC status from /dev/kmem as of Wed Mar 12 15:32:45 2003

T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP

s 0 0x411c05cc ra-ra-ra- root root

s 1 0x4e0c0002 ra-ra-ra- root root

s 2 0x41206998 ra-ra-ra- root root

T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP CREATOR CGROUP NSEMS OTIME CTIME

s 0 0x696e6974 ra-r r root system root system 8 2:35:32 2:35:32

s 1 0x418d02eb ra - root system root system 1 2:35:31 2:35:31

s 2 0x618d0821 ra - root daemon root daemon 1 15:11:47 14:01:18

The lpana command (HP-UX)

This HP-UX utility prints LP spooler performance information, which you can use to optimize the

configuration of the entire printer spooler system

The netstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

Both the HP-UX operating system and the Tru64 UNIX operating system implement the netstat command to displays network statistics There are differences in the options for each version:

HP-UX -g shows multicast information for network interfaces

-v shows additional routing information

Tru64 UNIX -A displays either the address of any protocol control blocks associated with sockets or the

addresses of routing table entries with bitmasks

-b displays the contents of Mobile IPv6 binding cache

Performance Monitoring

Commands and Utilities

-d displays the number of dropped packets

-g displays statistics since the system was last booted

-H displays the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table

-I interface -s displays the DNA Data Link Layer counters (64-bit values) for the specified network interface and the adapter’s status and characteristics

-I interface -c displays the current access filter for the specified network interface.-m displays information about memory allocated to the data structures associated with network operations

-o displays the DNA Data Link Layer counters (old 32-bit values) for the specified network interface and the adapter’s status and characteristics

-R displays the host’s routing tables on each Resource Affinity Domain (RAD), if the system

is NUMA-capable

-t displays timer information

-u displays information about domain sockets (UNIX domain)

-v displays more verbose output

-x displays the status of the IPsec Security Associations (SAs)

-X displays the status of the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Protocol SAs

-z displays the current network interface statistics or protocol statistics, then sets them to zero

OpenView (HP-UX)

Hewlett-Packard’s OpenView offers a complete portfolio of service-driven management solutions including performance measurement tools OpenView is an optional product which runs on the HP-UX operating system

The HP OpenView Performance Agent for UNIX, previously the HP OpenView MeasureWare Agent for UNIX, captures performance, resource, and transaction data from HP 9000 series servers Using minimal system resources, the software continuously collects, logs, summarizes, and time stamps resource and performance measurement data from applications, databases, networks and operating systems

HP PerfView is an analysis tool that lets you examine data from the HP OpenView Performance Agent for UNIX

The psrinfo and pinfo commands (Tru64 UNIX)

These Tru64 UNIX commands display information about processors including the current state of the processor, how long it has been on line, its processor speed in MHz, and whether or not it has an internal floating point processor

SAM initiates commands to accomplish these tasks; the following provides a correspondence of these facilities

to the commands used

The System Properties facilities displays system data

Disk and Terminal Activity iostat -tInter-Process Communication Facility Status ipcsProcess with Highest CPU Usage top

Performance Monitoring

Commands and Utilities

The sar command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

The System Activity Reporter is a standard utility on HP-UX and is available on earlier versions of Tru64 UNIX with the SVE extension to the operating system There are two sar commands: the system activity reporter (sar) and the system activity report package (sa1, sa2, sadc)

The system activity reporter and the system activity report package have the same differences; they are as follows

HP-UX -A is equivalent to a slightly different set of options

-M reports the per-processor data on a multiprocessor system (similar to the -P option below)

-w reports system swapping and switching activity (similar to the -p and -g options below).Tru64 UNIX -A is equivalent to a slightly different set of options

-g and -p report paging activities (similar to the -w option above)

-k reports kernel memory allocation activities

-r reports unused memory pages and disk blocks

-P processorid reports the activity for a specified processor (similar to the -M option above)

See the appropriate reference page for more information on the sar command

The showmount command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

The showmount command displays the names of all hosts that have NFS file systems mounted This command

is common to both operating systems however there are additional options under Tru64 UNIX

Tru64 UNIX -t nnn specifies a time-out value in seconds; the default is 25 seconds

-T specifies an infinite time-out

The sys_check utility (Tru64 UNIX)

This Tru64 UNIX utility is a system census and configuration verification tool that is also used to aid in diagnosing system errors and problems You can use sys_check to create an HTML report of your system's (hardware and software) configuration and to perform an analysis of the operating system parameters and attributes such as those that tune the performance of the system

A report generated by sys_check provides warnings if it detects problems with any current settings Note that while sys_check can generate hundreds of useful warnings, it is not a complete and definitive check of the health of your Tru64 UNIX system

See the sys_check (8) reference page for additional information.

Performance Monitoring

Commands and Utilities

SysMan Menu (Tru64 UNIX)

The SysMan Menu on Tru64 UNIX provides a means for monitoring various aspects of the operating system These menu items trigger commands to perform monitoring functions as follows

SysMan Station (Tru64 UNIX)

The SysMan Station, which is proprietary to the Tru64 UNIX operating system, lets you monitor a system or cluster and administer system resources You can see how long the system has been running continuously, use the icons in the View windows to check the status of an object, and use the SysMan Station icon in the CDE front panel to monitor the status of the system as a whole You also can launch the SysMan Menu to administer the system or invoke applications directly from the SysMan Station On launching the SysMan Station, the Status Monitor window is displayed giving the administrator the current status of the File systems, Network, Storage, and System attention groups by default An example is shown here

The default attention groups that you can monitor are:

File Systems Any AdvFS or UFS file systems

Network The network and devices, such as tu0, which are connected to the local

host

Storage Storage devices connected to buses and device interfaces

- HardwareView central processor unit (CPU) information psrinfo -v

- Monitoring and TuningView virtual memory (VM) statistics vmstat 1 10View Input/Output (I/O) statistics iostat 1 10

- Support and ServicesCreate escalation report sys_checkCreate configuration report sys_check

Performance Monitoring

Commands and Utilities

System The events associated with the system components

In addition, the Views option menu allows you to display the hierarchical structure of the group in the Views Pane These groups are:

AdvFS File systems Displays a view of all AdvFS domains

Hardware Displays a view of all devices, from the CPU to individual disks

Mounted File systems Displays a view of the file systems that are currently mounted

Physical File systems Displays a view of all UFS and AdvFS file systems available

The time and timex commands (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

The time command gives a quick indication of system performance by timing a given command and

displaying the real, system, and user time required for the command to stderr The HP-UX operating system and the Tru64 UNIX operating system both implement this command; the options and the output are identical in both implementations

The HP-UX operating system also offers the timex command, which enables you to display total system activity or process accounting data with respect to the command being timed See the timex(1) reference page for more information

The top command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

The top command displays the current top processes on the system, periodically updating the information Raw CPU percentage data is used to rank the processes When you issue this command on an HP-UX operating system, you can specify the delay between screen updates, a specific count of displays, your choice

of user names or user identifiers, and a specific number of processes to be displayed

The top command is not part of the base Tru64 UNIX operating system, but it is distributed as freeware on the Associated Products CD (APCD)

The uptime and w commands (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

Both the HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX operating systems implement the UNIX uptime and w commands, which displays the current time and the amount of time since the system was booted, and the number of users logged in There are differences in the implementations of these commands, however

HP-UX -h suppresses the heading

-l uses the long output format

-s uses the short form of output for displaying terminal information

-u prints only the first line, which describes the overall state of the system; this is the default

-w prints a summary of the current activity on the system for each user

Tru64 UNIX uptime -m displays the Mach factor instead of the load average, which is the default

w -f suppresses the from field

w -h suppresses the system summary and the heading line

w -l prints the information in the long output format

w -m displays the Mach factor instead of the load average, which is the default

w -s prints the information in short format

Performance Monitoring

Commands and Utilities

w -u prints the system summary only, which is equivalent to the uptime command without any options

The output of the uptime command differs only slightly between both operating systems Under HP-UX, the format of the time is given in AM or PM, where Tru64 UNIX displays the time in 24-hour format

15:15 up 183 days, 13:38, 2 users, load average: 0.22, 0.22, 0.25

The vmstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

Although both HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX offer this virtual memory statistics command, the implementation of the command options differs greatly; only the -f option, which reports the number of forks, is identical Here are the options for each:

HP-UX -d reports the disk transfer information, in the form of transfers per second, as a separate

section

-n provides an output format, which separates the default output into distinct virtual memory information and CPU data sections; these are more easily read on an 80-column display device

-S reports the number of processes swapped in and out (si and so) instead of page reclaims and address translation faults (re and at)

-s prints the total number of several kinds of paging-related events from the kernel sum structure that have occurred since boot-up or since vmstat was last executed with the -z option

-z clears all accumulators in the kernel sum structure

Tru64 UNIX -D displays debugging information

-i displays virtual memory statistics (pagesize, procs, memory, pages, intr, cpu)

-M displays information about memory usage by buckets

-p displays statistics for the vm and ubc subsystems for Resource Affinity Domains (RADs).-P displays accumulated statistics about physical memory use

-r rad_id displays virtual memory statistics for the specified RAD only

-R displays information for all RADs

-s displays accumulated statistics along with the page size

-w appends iowait information to the default output

The output of this command varies between the operating systems Here is the default output from this command run on an HP-UX system

Virtual Memory Statistics: (pagesize = 8192)

procs memory pages intr cpu

r w u act free wire fault cow zero react pin pout in sy cs us sy id

3 118 41 14K 9713 6051 182M 20M 75M 223K 30M 9406 20 49 410 0 3 97

9 Print System

To administer the print system, a system administrator must be able to initialize the printer spooler (also known as the LP spooler), add printers, control printer operations, enable or disable printers, start and stop the printer spooler, and remove a printer from the printer spooler, among other tasks

The methods for performing these tasks, and their administrative tools vary greatly between both operating systems, but Tru64 UNIX supports many of the same System V style printer commands as HP-UX

Print System

Commands and Utilities

Commands and Utilities

The administrator of an HP-UX operating system has the option of using SAM (the preferred method) or individual commands to set up and maintain the print system on his or her computer

The administrator of a Tru64 UNIX operating system can use either the lprsetup (the preferred method) or individual commands to set up and maintain the print system Accessing the Print Services from the SysMan Menu under Version 5.1B invokes the lprsetup utility There is also an obsolete command, printconfig, that can be used

The accept command (HP-UX)

This command permits the lp command to accept print requests for each named LP printer or printer class destination queue

The lp command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

This command queues files for printing

The lpadmin command (HP-UX)

This command configures the LP spooler to describe printers, classes, and devices; it can be used to add and remove printers and change the default printer

The lpc command (Tru64 UNIX)

The line printer control command features a number of arguments with which you can control the printer operation:

help Prints a one-line description of the specified lpc command argument If an argument

variable is not specified, the list of arguments is displayed

abort Terminates an active lpd daemon and then disables printing This prevents the lpr or lp

command from starting a new lpd daemon

check Examines the printer description file and other components of the printing environment for

potential configuration errors for each named printerclean Removes any temporary files, data files, and control files (for example, files that do not form

a complete printer job) from the specified print spooling directory

disable Turns off the specified print spooling queue This prevents the lpr or lp command from

entering new jobs in the queue

down message Turns off the specified print queue, disables printing, and enters the specified message in

the printer status file You do not need to quote the message because remaining arguments are treated the same as echo You can use the down argument to take down a printer and inform users If a printer is down, the lpq command indicates that the printer is down.enable Enables spooling for the specified printers This enables the lpr or the lp command to enter

print jobs in the spooling queue

exit Exits from lpc

quit Exits from lpc

Print System

Commands and Utilities

restart Attempts to start a new lpd daemon for the specified printer This argument is useful if

some abnormal condition causes the daemon to terminate unexpectedly and leave jobs in the queue If this occurs, the lpq command indicates that no daemon is present If a daemon

is hung, you must kill the process, then restart the daemon by using the restart argument.start Enables printing and starts a spooling daemon for the specified printer

status [printer] Displays the status of the specified printer daemon and queue The status argument shows

if the queue is enabled, if printing is enabled, the number of entries in the queue, and the status of the printer's lpd daemon If a printer name is not supplied, information about all printer daemons and queues is displayed

stop Stops a spooling daemon after the current job is complete and disables printing

topq [printer] Puts print jobs in the queue in the specified order You can specify the print jobs by also

specifying a request_ID variable or a username variable

up Enables all printing and starts a new printer daemon Cancels the down argument

The lpfence command (HP-UX)

This command defines the minimum required priority for the spooled file to be printed

The lpmove command (HP-UX)

This command moves print requests, which were queued by the lp command, from one printer to another

The lprsetup utility (Tru64 UNIX)

The Tru64 UNIX lprsetup utility features the following options:

add Adds a printer

modify Modifies an existing printer’s characteristics

delete Deletes a printer

exit Exits the lprsetup utility

view Displays the current /etc/printcap file entry for the printer

quit Exits the lprsetup utility

Help Displays online help about the lprsetup utility

The lpsched command (HP-UX)

This command schedules print requests originated with the lp command; lpsched is invoked by /sbin/rc, which creates a background process that runs until lpshut is executed

The lpshut command (HP-UX)

This command shuts down the line printer scheduler

The lpstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX)

Without specified options, the lpstat command displays the status of all requests made by the lp and lpr commands See the appropriate reference page for more information on these options

Print System

Commands and Utilities

The HP-UX version of the lpstat utility supports the XBD specification, Section 10.2, Utility Syntax

Guidelines, except the option-arguments are optional and cannot be presented as separate arguments

The printconfig utility (Tru64 UNIX)

The Tru64 UNIX printconfig utility is used for adding, modifying, and deleting printer entries in the

/etc/printcap file Its main window is shown in Figure 9-1 on page 194

Figure 9-1 Tru64 UNIX printconfig Main Window

The reject command (HP-UX)

This command permits the lp command to reject subsequent print requests for each named destination queue; printing requests that are already queued continue to be processed

The HP-UX SAM utility allows you to control various aspects of printer configuration and operation

Selecting the Printers and Plotters icon in SAM’s main window opens the SAM Printers and Plotters Window

Figure 9-2 SAM Printer and Plotters Window

Selecting the LP Spooler icon in the SAM Printer and Plotters window opens the LP Spooler Window

Print System

Commands and Utilities

Figure 9-3 SAM LP Spooler Window

Selecting the Printers and Plotters icon in the LP Spooler window opens the Printers and Plotters dialog box

Print System

Commands and Utilities

Figure 9-4 SAM Printers and Plotters Dialog Box

Print System

Initializing the Printer Spooler

Initializing the Printer Spooler

Initializing the printer spooler consists of adding a printer to the printer spooler, accepting print requests for the printer, enabling the printer, and turning on the printer spooler

Under the HP-UX operating system, you can choose to perform these steps individually using HP-UX commands or you can use SAM to add a printer and all these functions are done automatically See the

HP-UX manual titled Managing Systems and Workgroups for information on planning a printer