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About This Manual This manual describes the similarities and differences between the HP-UX 11i v2 and Tru64 UNIX V5.1A operating systems in terms of System Administration tasks.. Audienc

HP-UX 11i v2 Tru64 UNIX V5.1A

1.0

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technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein

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About This Manual

This manual describes the similarities and differences between the HP-UX 11i v2 and Tru64 UNIX V5.1A operating systems in terms of System Administration tasks

Audience

This manual is intended for experienced UNIX System Administrators, particularly those individuals who maintain both HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX systems, or those who need to transition between these two operating systems

Organization

This document is organized as follows:

• Chapter 1, Introduction

This chapter describes how two systems, one HP-UX 11i v2 and the other Tru64 UNIX V5.1A, are similar

in operation and how they differ

• Chapter 2, System Management Utilities

This chapter is a discussion of the system administration utilities, System Administration Manager (SAM) for HP-UX and SysMan Menu for Tru64 UNIX

• Chapter 4, Crash Dump

Information on how to specify the information that will be saved in the event of a crash on the Tru64 UNIX and HP-UX operating system and how to manipulate the crash data after a crash occurs makes up this chapter

• Chapter 5, Devices

How both operating systems recognize devices through device files, a comparison of the device file naming conventions, and information on the creation of device files is described in this chapter

• Chapter 6, Kernel Configuration

This chapter is a discussion on the building of a kernel in both operating systems and how kernel

parameters are monitored

• Chapter 7, Network Administration

This chapter contains information on the basic configuration of the HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX operating systems that enable them to communicate with other computers on the network, as well as discussions on BIND/DNS, NIS, NFS, and Mail

• Chapter 8, Performance Monitoring

This chapter is a discussion on the methods for monitoring performance on both operating systems

• Chapter 9, Print System

This chapter contains information on how the print system is configured and used in both operating systems

• Chapter 10, Process Management

This chapter describes how HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX manage processes, and a discussion of signals and starting and stopping subsystems from the command line

• Chapter 11, Security

This chapter is a discussion on Industry-Standard UNIX security and extensions of the HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX operating systems that provide additional security features equivalent to a C2-level Trusted Computing Base

• Chapter 12, Software Management

Descriptions of the methods used for installing and managing software, including operating system software are contained in this chapter

• Chapter 13, Storage and File System Administration

This chapter gives information on the file system types available on both operating systems, and a description of file system operations

• Chapter 14, System Startup and Shutdown

This chapter provides the various methods for starting up an HP-UX operating system and Tru64 UNIX system, and for shutting them down

• Chapter 15, User and Group Account Administration

The methods for managing users and groups under SysMan Menu and SAM, as well as the

implementation of passwords, are compared in this chapter

• Appendix B, Recommended Supplemental References

This appendix provides additional references for the system administrator on HP-UX, Tru64 UNIX, and the UNIX operating system and utilities in general

Conventions

We use the following typographical conventions:

audit (5) An HP-UX or Tru64 UNIX reference page The term audit is the name and the number 5

is the section in the HP-UX Reference or the Tru64 UNIX Reference On the web and on the Instant Information CD, it may be a hot link to the reference page itself From the HP-UX command line, you can enter "man audit" or "man 5 audit" to view the

reference page See man(1).

Book Title The title of a book On the web and on the Instant Information CD, it may be a hot link to

the book itself

KeyCap The name of a keyboard key Note that Return and Enter both refer to the same key

Emphasis Text that is emphasized

Emphasis Text that is strongly emphasized

Term The defined use of an important word or phrase

ComputerOut Text displayed by the computer

User Input Commands and other text that you type

Command A command name or qualified command phrase

Variable The name of a variable that you may replace in a command or function or information in a

display that represents several possible values

[] The contents are required in formats and command descriptions

{} The contents are required in formats and command descriptions If the contents are a list

separated by |, you must choose one of the items The name of a variable that you may replace in a command or function or information in a display that represents several possible values

The preceding element may be repeated an arbitrary number of times This convention is

also when used when a portion of computer is omitted because it is irrelevant to the topic discussed

| Separates items in a list of choices

Providing Feedback

HP welcomes your comments and suggestions on this manual Please send your comments and suggestions by e-mail to readers_comment@zk3.dec.com

1 Introduction

Identifying the Version of the Operating System 24

Key Points 25

UNIX Products 27

Third Party Software 34

Documentation 35

Reference Pages (Manual Pages) 35

Online Help 36

2 System Management Utilities Graphical Utilities 38

HP-UX System Administration using SAM 38

Tru64 UNIX System Administration using SysMan 42

General System Administration Commands 47

The ioscan command (HP-UX) 47

The hwmgr command (Tru64 UNIX) 48

Extending System Administration to Other Users 49

Restricted SAM under HP-UX 49

Division of Privileges under Tru64 UNIX 49

The sudo command 50

System Management Products 51

HP ServiceControl Manager (HP-UX) 51

HP OpenView (HP-UX) 51

HP Insight Manager (Tru64 UNIX) 51

3 Archiving Commands and Utilities 54

Boot Disk Archive 54

File Archive 56

Archiving Strategies 62

4 Crash Dumps Background Information 64

Crash Dump Types 65

HP-UX Memory Page Classes 65

Tru64 UNIX Full and Partial Crash Dumps 65

Calculating Dump Space 67

Crash Dump Configuration 68

HP-UX Crash Dump Configuration 68

Tru64 UNIX Crash Dump Configuration 70

Runtime Crash Dumps 73

Commands and Utilities 75

The Configure System Dump utility (Tru64 UNIX) 75

The crashconf command (HP-UX) 75

The crashdc utility (Tru64 UNIX) 75

The crashutil command (HP-UX) 76

The Create Dump Snapshot utility (Tru64 UNIX) 76

The expand_dump command (Tru64 UNIX) 76

The kdbx command (Tru64 UNIX) 76

The Kernel Tuner Graphical User Interface (Tru64 UNIX) 76

The kctune command (HP-UX) 77

The libcrash library (HP-UX) 77

SAM (HP-UX) 77

The savecrash command (HP-UX) 77

The savecore command (Tru64 UNIX) 77

The sysconfig command (Tru64 UNIX) 78

5 Devices Devices and Device Special Files 80

Devices 80

System Initialization 80

Device Special Files 80

Major and Minor Device Numbers 82

Device File Naming Conventions 85

HP-UX 85

Tru64 UNIX 87

Creating Device Special Files 90

Modifying the Kernel to Add a Device 91

Commands and Utilities 92

The diskinfo command (HP-UX) 92

The dmesg command (HP-UX) 92

The dsfmgr command (Tru64 UNIX) 92

The hwmgr command (Tru64 UNIX) 92

The insf command (HP-UX) 92

The ioscan command (HP-UX) 93

The lsdev command (HP-UX) 93

The lssf command (HP-UX) 93

The MAKEDEV shell script (Tru64 UNIX) 93

The mknod command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 93

The mksf command (HP-UX) 94

The model command (HP-UX) 94

The rmsf command (HP-UX) 94

The scsimgr command (Tru64 UNIX) 94

SAM (HP-UX) 95

6 Kernel Configuration Location of the Kernel File 98

Building the Kernel 99

HP-UX Kernel Configuration 99

Building the Tru64 UNIX Kernel 99

Commands and Utilities 101

HP-UX Kernel Configuration Commands and Utilities 101

Tru64 UNIX Kernel Configuration Commands and Utilities 102

7 Network Administration Networking Topics 106

NFS Services 106

Host Name Resolution 106

Internet Protocol Address Resolution 107

Network Routing 107

Mail Services 107

Configuring Basic Network Services (HP-UX) 108

Configuring NIC cards and Routing (HP-UX) 108

Setting Up the Hosts File (HP-UX) 112

Setting Up the Hosts Equivalency File (HP-UX) 115

Setting Up the System as a DHCP Server (HP-UX) 118

Configuring Basic Network Services (Tru64 UNIX) 119

Domain Name Service Configuration 135

Configuring a BIND Master Server (HP-UX) 135

Configuring a DNS Server (Tru64 UNIX) 141

Networked File Systems Configuration 147

Configuring NFS (HP-UX) 147

Configuring NFS (Tru64 UNIX) 151

Network Information Service Configuration 155

NIS Structure 156

Configuring NIS (HP-UX) 156

Configuring NIS (Tru64 UNIX) 159

NIS+ 162

Mail Configuration 163

Installing and Configuring Mail (HP-UX) 163

Configuring Mail (Tru64 UNIX) 164

Maintenance Commands and Utilities 171

The hostname command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 171

The ifconfig command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 171

The lanadmin command (HP-UX) 173

The lanscan command (HP-UX) 173

The linkloop command (HP-UX) 173

The named command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 174

The niffd command (Tru64 UNIX) 174

The ndd command (HP-UX) 174

The netfmt command (HP-UX) 174

The nettl command (HP-UX) 174

The netstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 174

The ping command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 175

The traceroute command (Tru64 UNIX) 176

8 Performance Monitoring Types of Performance Monitoring 178

Performance Monitoring Tasks 179

Monitoring Disks and Terminals 179

Monitoring the Interprocess Communication Facility 179

Monitoring Network Activity 179

Monitoring Processors 179

Monitoring Processes 180

Monitoring System Activity 180

Monitoring Virtual Memory Activity 180

Commands and Utilities 181

The collect utility (Tru64 UNIX) 181

The dxsysinfo utility (System Information Utility) (Tru64 UNIX) 181

GlancePlus/UX (HP-UX) 182

The iostat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 182

The ipcs command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 182

The lpana command (HP-UX) 183

The netstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 183

OpenView (HP-UX) 184

The psrinfo and pinfo commands (Tru64 UNIX) 184

SAM (HP-UX) 185

The sar command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 186

The showmount command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 186

The sys_check utility (Tru64 UNIX) 186

SysMan Menu (Tru64 UNIX) 187

SysMan Station (Tru64 UNIX) 187

The time and timex commands (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 188

The top command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 188

The uptime and w commands (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 188

The vmstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 189

9 Print System Commands and Utilities 192

The accept command (HP-UX) 192

The lp command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 192

The lpadmin command (HP-UX) 192

The lpc command (Tru64 UNIX) 192

The lpfence command (HP-UX) 193

The lpmove command (HP-UX) 193

The lprsetup utility (Tru64 UNIX) 193

The lpsched command (HP-UX) 193

The lpshut command (HP-UX) 193

The lpstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 193

The printconfig utility (Tru64 UNIX) 194

The reject command (HP-UX) 194

SAM (HP-UX) 195

Initializing the Printer Spooler 198

Adding a Printer 199

Adding a Local Printer 199

Adding a Remote Printer 203

Adding a Networked (TCP/IP) Printer 208

Controlling Printer Operations 213

Controlling the Flow of Print Requests 213

Assigning the Printer Priorities 214

Enabling and Disabling a Printer 216

Enabling a Printer 216

Disabling a Printer 216

Starting and Stopping the Print Spooler 218

Starting the Print Spooler 218

Stopping and Restarting the Print Spooler 218

Removing a Printer from the Printer Spooler 220

HP-UX 220

Tru64 UNIX 221

Managing Printers through Printer Classes 222

Creating a Printer Class 222

Removing a Printer from a Printer Class 222

Removing a Printer Class 223

10 Process Management Assigning Priorities 226

Time-Share Priorities 226

Real-Time Priorities 226

Signals 229

Killing Processes 230

Job Control 231

The cron Facility 232

Process Management Commands and Utilities 233

The fuser command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 233

The iostat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 233

The nice command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 233

The kill command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 233

The killall command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 233

Process Tuner (Tru64 UNIX) 234

The ps command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 234

The renice command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 234

The sar command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 234

The top command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 235

The vmstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 235

SAM (HP-UX) 236

SysMan (Tru64 UNIX) 238

11 Security Compliance 240

Identification and Authentication 241

System Boot Authentication 241

Limited Superuser Access 241

Authentication Mechanisms 242

Login Controls 243

Passwords 243

NIS Support 243

Access Control Lists 244

Kerberos Support 244

Directory-based Authentication and Name Resolution 244

Audit and System Integrity 246

Audit 246

Buffer Overflow Protection 246

Network Security 247

Network-based Intrusion Detection 247

Secure Socket Layer 247

Generic Security Service Application Program Interface 247

Internet Protocol Security 247

Secure Shell (SSH) 247

Security Documentation 248

12 Software Management Installing Software 250

Performing an HP-UX Cold Installation 252

Performing a Tru64 UNIX Full Installation 252

Viewing Installed Software on an HP-UX System 253

Viewing Installed Software on a Tru64 UNIX System 253

Software Patches 255

Installing HP-UX Patches 255

Installing Tru64 UNIX Patches 255

Software Licensing 257

Commands and Utilities 258

The dupatch utility (Tru64 UNIX) 258

The lmf utility (Tru64 UNIX) 258

Ignite-UX (HP-UX) 258

SAM (HP-UX) 258

SD-UX (HP-UX) 259

The setld command (Tru64 UNIX) 259

The swacl command (HP-UX) 259

The swagent command and the swagentd daemon (HP-UX) 260

The swconfig command (HP-UX) 260

The swcopy command (HP-UX) 260

The swinstall command (HP-UX) 260

The swlist command (HP-UX) 260

The swreg command (HP-UX) 261

The swremove command (HP-UX) 261

The swverify command (HP-UX) 261

13 Storage and File System Administration

File System Types 264

Traditional File Systems 264

Log-Based (Journaled) File Systems 265

Cluster File System 265

Compact Disc File Systems 265

Networked File Systems 266

Loopback or File-on-File File Mounting Systems 266

Operations on Traditional File Systems 267

Creating File Systems 267

Mounting and Unmounting File Systems 267

Extending File Systems 267

Checking and Repairing File Systems 267

Tuning File Systems 267

Dumping and Restoring File Systems 268

Listing File Names and File System Statistics 269

Displaying Free Space in a File System 269

Copying and Converting File Systems 269

Log-Based File Systems 270

Licensing Strategies 270

Differences between JFS and AdvFS 270

Operations on Log-Based File Systems 272

Creating File Systems 272

Mounting and Unmounting File Systems 272

Extending File Systems 272

Dumping and Restoring File Systems 272

Listing File Names and File System Statistics 272

Displaying Free Space in a File System 273

Creating and Partitioning Disks 274

Disks under HP-UX 274

Disks and Disk Partitions under Tru64 UNIX 274

Mounting Disks 275

Using SAM to Mount Disks 275

Using the SysMan Menu to Mount Disks 276

Using the mount Command to Mount Disks 278

Mounting CD-ROMs 278

Monitoring Disks 279

HP-UX 279

Tru64 UNIX 279

Software Storage Managers 280

HP-UX Logical Volume Manager 280

HP-UX Veritas Volume Manager 280

Tru64 UNIX Logical Storage Manager 281

Swap Space 283

Commands and Utilities 286

The dcopy command (HP-UX) 286

The defragment command (Tru64 UNIX) 286

The df command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 286

Disk Configuration utility (diskconfig) (Tru64 UNIX) 286

The disklabel command (Tru64 UNIX) 287

The edquota command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 287

The extendfs command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 287

The extendfs_hfs and extendfs_vxfs commands (HP-UX) 287

The fixfdmn command (Tru64 UNIX) 287

The fsadm, fsadm_hfs, and fsadm_vxfs commands (HP-UX) 287

The fsck command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 288

The fsck_hfs and fsck_vxfs commands (HP-UX) 288

The fsclean command (HP-UX) 288

The fsdb command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 288

The fsdb_hfs and fsdb_vxfs commands (HP-UX) 288

The mkdir command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 288

The lv* commands (HP-UX) 288

The mkfdmn command (Tru64 UNIX) 289

The mkfset command (Tru64 UNIX) 289

The mkfs command (HP-UX) 289

The mount command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 289

The mount_hfs and mount_vxfs commands (HP-UX) 289

The newfs command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 289

The newfs_hfs and newfs_vxfs commands (HP-UX) 289

The pfs_mount command (HP-UX) 289

The pv* commands (HP-UX) 290

The quotacheck command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 290

System Information utility (dxsysinfo) (Tru64 UNIX) 290

The swapon command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 290

The swapinfo command (HP-UX) 290

The tunefs command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 290

The umount command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 290

The vdf command (Tru64 UNIX) 291

The vg* commands (HP-UX) 291

The voldiskadm utility (Tru64 UNIX) 291

The vol* commands (Tru64 UNIX) 291

The vxdiskadm command (HP-UX) 292

The vxtunefs command (HP-UX) 292

The vx* commands (HP-UX) 293

14 System Startup and Shutdown Normal Startup 296

HP-UX 296

Tru64 UNIX 297

Interactive Boot 299

HP-UX 299

Tru64 UNIX 300

Run Levels 302

System Shutdown 303

The shutdown command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) 303

Graphical Utilities 303

15 User and Group Account Administration Password Rules 308

User Accounts 309

User Account Data 309

User Identifiers 310

Default umask Values 311

Commands and Utilities 311

Adding a User Account 314

Modifying a User Account 317

Deleting a User Account 322

User Templates 324

Group Accounts 325

Group Identifiers 325

Commands and Utilities 325

Creating a Group Account 328

Modifying a Group Account 331

Deleting a Group Account 336

A File System Hierarchies HP-UX Files 340

Tru64 UNIX Files 344

B Recommended Supplemental References UNIX References 350

HP-UX Documentation 351

Tru64 UNIX Documentation 352

Index 353