Mechanical Estimating Manual Episode 1 potx

Mechanical Estimating Manual Sheet Metal, Piping and Plumbing... Mechanical Estimating Manual Sheet Metal, Piping and Plumbing By Wendes Systems, Inc.. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-

Mechanical Estimating Manual Sheet Metal, Piping and Plumbing

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Mechanical Estimating Manual Sheet Metal, Piping and Plumbing

By Wendes Systems, Inc.

Edited by Joseph D’Amelio

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Mechanical estimating manual : sheet metal, piping, and plumbing/by Wendes Systems, Inc.; edited by Joseph D’Amelio.

p cm

Includes index.

ISBN 0-88173-538-8 (print) ISBN 0-88173-539-6 (electronic)

1 Buildings Mechanical equipment Installation Estimates Handbooks,

manuals, etc I D’Amelio, Joseph II Wendes Systems, Inc.

TH6010.M457 2006

696 dc22

Mechanical estimating manual : sheet metal, piping, and plumbing/by Wendes Systems, Inc.; edited by Joseph D’Amelio

©2007 by The Fairmont Press, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced

or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

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Printed in the United States of America

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While every effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher, authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions.

Quick Reference

Section I—HOW TO PREPARE SHEET METAL AND PIPING ESTIMATES

1 Wendes Guide to Successful Estimating; Principles

2 Systematic and Effi cient Estimating Procedures

3 Sample HVAC Estimate and Forms

Section II—BUDGET ESTIMATING

4 Budget Estimating

Section III—EQUIPMENT ESTIMATING

5 Heating and Cooling Equipment

6 HVAC Units and Air Distribution Equipment

7 Plumbing Fixtures and Specialties

8 Air Pollution and Heat Recovery Equipment

Section IV —SHEET METAL ESTIMATING

9 Sheet Metal Estimating Basics

10 Rectangular Galvanized Ductwork

11 Spiral and Light Gauge Round Ductwork

12 Fiber Glass Ductwork

13 Heavy Gauge Ductwork

14 Sheet Metal Specialties and Acoustical Lining

15 Miscellaneous Labor Operations

Section V—PIPING ESTIMATING

16 Piping Estimating Basics

17 Pressure Pipe and Fittings

18 Valves and Specialties

19 DNVV Pipe and Fittings

Section VI—CONTRACTING FOR PROFIT

20 Markups for Overhead and Profi t

21 Contracting for profi t

22 Computerized Estimating

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Contents

Preface xi

Section I—HOW TO PREPARE SHEET METAL AND PIPING ESTIMATES Chapter 1 Successful Estimating Principles 3

Crux of Successful Contracting 3

Primary Goals of Contracting and Bidding 3

Problems and Causes of Poor Estimating 3

Estimating Competence Required 4

The Eight Facets of the Estimating Diamond 4

Performance Standards for Complete and Accurate Estimates 5

Fundamental Bidding Rules 5

How to Estimate Labor Accurately and Realistically 8

Do Your Homework 9

Use Time Saving Estimating Techniques 9

Apply Valid Overhead and Profi t Markups 10

2 Systematic, Effi cient, Accurate Estimating Procedures 11

Steps in the Estimating Procedure 11

Checking Estimates 12

Scope of Complete Sheet Metal Estimate, Check-off List 16

Heating Equipment Check-off List 17

Cooling Equipment Check-off List 18

End of Bid Factors Check-off List 18

Remodeling Work Check-off List 19

15 Bastards with No Regular Homes 20

3 Sample HVAC Estimate and Forms 23

Overview of Sample Job 23

Purpose of Forms 23

Specifi cations on Sample Job 24

IBM Offi ce Drawing 25

Sample Filled Out Estimating Forms 26

Calculating Labor Costs Per Hour 31

Section II —BUDGET ESTIMATING Chapter 4 Budget Estimating 37

Budget Estimates 37

Semi-Detailed Scope Budget Estimates 37

Detailed Estimates 38

Budget Estimating HVAC Costs and Engineering Loads 38

Budget Estimating Galvanized Ductwork 39

Section III —EQUIPMENT ESTIMATING Chapter 5 Heating and Cooling Equipment 59

Chilled and Hot Water Pumps 60

Hot Water Reheat Coils 61

Electric Duct Heaters 62

Duct Heaters 63

Unit Heaters 63

Gas Fired Cast Iron Boilers 64

Baseboard Heating 65

Infra Red Units 66

Electric Baseboard Heating 66

Wall Heaters 67

DX Evaporator Coils 68

Chilled Water Coils 69

Centrifugal Water Cooled Chillers 70

Reciprocating Chillers 71

Cooling Towers 73

Heat Pumps 74

Condensing Units 75

6 HVAC Units and Air Distribution Equipment 77

Rooftop Units 78

Air Handling Units 80

Self Contained Air Conditioning Units 83

Dampers 87

Louvers 89

Estimating Registers 90

Ceiling Diffusers 91

VAV Terminal Units, Components etc 92

Filter Labor 96

7 Plumbing Fixtures and Specialties 97

8 Air Pollution and Heat Recovery Equipment 101

Air pollution equipment 101

Section IV— SHEET METAL ESTIMATING Chapter 9 Sheet Metal Estimating Basics 109

Requirements of a Profi cient Sheet Metal Estimator 109

Types of Ductwork 111

Procedure for Taking Off Ductwork 112

Types of Ductwork Connections 113

Methods of Figuring Ductwork Weight 114

Methods of Calculating Ductwork Labor .115

Material Data 124

Correction Factors 125

10 Galvanized Ductwork 129

Estimating Galvanized Ductwork by the Piece 129

Estimating Galvanized Ductwork by the Pound 136

Medium and High Pressure Ductwork 142

Automatic Duct Coil Line Fabrication 143

11 Spiral and Light Gauge Round Ductwork 145

Round Duct Gauge Data 146

Furnace Pipe Flexible Tubing and Flues 146

Spiral Pipe and Fittings 147

12 Estimating Fiberglass Ductwork 155

Introduction 155

Fiberglass Ductwork Construction 156

Pricing Sheet Metal Components 158

Estimate Summary and Extension Sheet 158

13 Heavy Gauge Ductwork 159

Types of Industrial Exhaust Ductwork 159

Rectangular Black Iron 159

Round Black Iron Ductwork 166

Rolled Steel Angle Rings 171

Example of Round Black Iron 172

Aluminum 173

Stainless Steel 175

FRP Ductwork 177

FRP Coated Galvanized Ductwork 179

Labor Multipliers for Heavy Gauge Ductwork 180

Air Pollution Estimating 180

14 Sheet Metal Specialties and Acoustical Lining 187

Access Doors, Belt Guards, Drain Pans 187

Flexible Connections, Hoods, Stands and Platforms 188

Roof Hoods 189

Turning Vanes 190

Splitter Dampers 191

Sheet Metal Housings 192

Acoustic Lining 192

15 Miscellaneous Labor Operations 195

Drafting and Sketching Labor 195

Field Measuring and Sketching Labor 196

Estimating Air Testing and Balancing 196

Estimating Ductwork Leak Testing 199

Section V —PIPING ESTIMATING Chapter 16 Piping Estimating Basics 203

Requirements of a Profi cient Piping Estimator 203

Sample Estimate 207

17 Pressure Pipe, Fittings and Insulation 217

Pressure Piping and Fittings Tables for Threaded, Welded, Flanged, Grooved and Associated Labor 218

Copper Tubing, L, K, K Labor and Pricing etc 236

18 Valves and Specialties 253

Bronze #125, #150 Valves 254

Iron #125, #150 Valves 256

Specialty Valves 260

19 DWV Pipe and Fittings 271

Copper Tubing, DWV 272

PVC DWV Schedule 40 274

ABS DWV 278

Cast Iron Hub and Spigot DWV 280

Section VI—CONTRACTING FOR PROFIT Chapter 20 Markups for Overhead and Profi t 287

Understanding and Applying Correct Overhead and Profi t Factors 287

21 Contracting for Profi t 295

What Determines Your Profi tability 295

How to Legitimately Reduce Costs on a Bid 296

Star Method of Reducing Ductwork and Piping Costs 297

22 Computerized Estimating 305

This cost estimating manual, covering labor and

material costs for sheet metal, piping and plumbing

construction work, will save you time and money, and

help get you jobs

It is a clear, practical, comprehensive mechanical

estimating manual, with a tremendous source of valid

labor and price data, formulas, charts, graphs, etc It covers

proven methodology, effi cient procedures, all types of

practical forms, detailed estimating, budget estimating,

and has many sample estimates

It shows you how to produce complete and accurate

sheet metal, piping and plumbing estimates quickly and

easily It contains complete man hours, material costs

and budget costs It is clear, concise, comprehensive and

clearly organized for easy reference and application to

smooth estimating

It is an indispensable guide and source of data for

the various aspects of mechanical estimating, used by

contractors, estimators, owners, and anyone involved with

estimating mechanical costs on construction projects

It also is a great aid to supervisors, mechanics,

builders, general contractors, engineers, and architects for

planning and scheduling work, budget estimating, cost

control, cost accounting, checking change orders, etc

The Mechanical Estimating Manual covers:

• The principles of successful estimating and

contracting, systematic estimating procedures and

sample estimates

• It covers conceptual and scope budget estimating,

as well as fully detailed

• It covers estimating all types of mechanical

equipment; heating and cooling, HVAC units, air

distribution, plumbing fi xtures, specialties, air

pollution and heat recovery equipment

• It covers estimating all types of sheet metal, pressure

pipe and fi ttings, DWV pipe and fi ttings, valves,

specialties, etc

• It covers contracting for profi t, how to correctly

applied overhead and profi t markups to bids, how

to reduce costs to get jobs, computerized estimating,

etc

Preface

Great Need for Valid Labor Figures

There has been a great need for complete and valid man-hour fi gures on ductwork put together in a practical fashion Here is a manual that does just that And combined with complete and valid piping and plumbing labor and cost fi gures, it thoroughly covers the entire realm of mechanical contracting estimating

Based on Twenty Years of Cost Records and Time Studies

The sheet metal labor fi gures contained herein span over twenty years of cost records, labor histories and time studies, not only from the contracting company the author was with during that time period, but also through feedback and verifi cations from other contractors all over the United States and Canada through seminars, consultation and the Wendes estimating system

Optimal Estimating Labor by the Piece or the Pound

Estimating galvanized ductwork by the piece was a major undertaking of countless time studies, cost records and labor histories The time per piece for different sizes and types of ductwork was desperately needed data

by the sheet metal industry for decades It is now fully developed and verifi ed However, for those that still prefer per pound estimating for sheet metal—both per pound and per piece methods are completely and thoroughly covered herein

Piping Labor Tables

The piping tables contain valid labor fi gures which are a consensus of leading successful piping contractors all over the U.S., both large and small—developed and compiled during the past ten years with Wendes Systems piping estimating software owners

Widespread Application of Manual

If you are a contractor or estimator the manual can improve your estimating accuracy, reduce the time spent estimating, aid you in selective bidding and can help get you more jobs

If you are the owner of a contracting company or manager of the estimating department, this manual will serve as your set of company standards The data herein can be adjusted as may be required, to meet your particular productivity rates more precisely The manual can be used for training and controlling of estimating

personnel operations

If you are a project manager, superintendent,

foreman or mechanic, here is as excellent guide for

planning, scheduling, and monitoring work

If you are an engineer, architect, builder or general

contractor, this manual will clarify what is all involved

in mechanical pricing, and give you quick and accurate

budget prices, as well for checking change orders

Man Hour Labor Tables

The key to estimating labor correctly in the sheet

metal and piping industries is to work with man hours

rather than dollar costs Labor is more accurately measured

in hours and is more of a constant than dollars Only after

the labor hours are derived for an estimate should they

be converted in dollars Hence, this manual works with

man hours productivity rates, which can more directly

related to, than dollar fi gures-by anyone anywhere, at

any time, today and next year etc., thus by passing all the

different wage rates in the country, the various union and

non-union rates and the continual adjustments for wage

increases, infl ation etc

Labor Based on Typical Average Mechanic

The labor times recorded in this manual are what the

average mechanic, of average competence and training,

under average conditions, with typical equipment and

tools, with normal motivation and supervision, should be able to do and must in today’s market Where conditions and personnel vary from the typical situation, labor correction factors should be applied Equipment prices, rentals, budget fi gures, materials, sub-contractors, etc., are of course, in dollar fi gures

Labor Tables Priceless

Since it takes endless years of actual experience, a host

of different projects, costly trial and error, a great deal of time, effort, analysis and money to fi nally reach concrete, valid labor times for the infi nite variety of work involved

in mechanical work, the labor tables in the manual can, indeed, be priceless to contractors, estimators, engineers, etc

Manual Directly Applicable to Wendes WinDuct and WinPipe Estimating Systems

Labor tables, price tables, material data, procedures, formulas, etc., all correlate with the Wendes WinDuct and WinPipe estimating systems

This manual gives an overall perspective and detailed understanding of the estimating systems and contractors can switch from manual estimating using this manual to the computer estimating system quickly and easily

Section I

How to Prepare Sheet Metal

and Piping Estimates

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