Windows 7 all in one for dummies PHẦN 8 doc

626 Working with the Action CenterI talk about Windows Firewall at length in Book VI, Chapter 3.. Book VI Chapter 2Rooting out Rootkits One part of the Action Center bugs me: It makes su

Book VI Chapter 1

attachment — and you didn’t send it In fact, most e-mail malware

these days is smart enough to spoof the From address, so any infected message that appears to come from you probably didn’t Still, some dumb old viruses that aren’t capable of hiding your e-mail address are still around And, if you receive an infected attachment from a friend, chances are good that both your e-mail address and his e-mail address are on an infected computer somewhere Six degrees of separation and all that

If you receive an infected message, look at the header to see whether you can tell where it came from In Outlook 2003 and earlier, open the message and then choose View➪Options In Outlook 2007, you have

to open the message and then click the tiny square with a downward, right-facing arrow in the lower right corner of the Options group A box

at the bottom may (or may not!) tell you who really sent the message, as shown in Figure 1-6

around your computer Filenames such as kournikova.jpg.vbs (a

VBScript file masquerading as a JPG image file) or somedoc.txt.exe (a Windows program that wants to appear to be a text file) should send you running for your antivirus software

Always, always, always have Windows show you filename extensions (see Book II, Chapter 1)

608 Am I Infected?

antivirus product disappears from the notification area (near the clock), something killed it — and chances are very good that the culprit was a virus

manu-facturers For example, Firefox or Internet Explorer works fine with most

Web sites, but you can’t get through to Microsoft.com or Symantec.com

or McAfee.com This problem is a key giveaway for a Conficker infection, but other pieces of malware do it, too

What to do next

If you think that your computer is infected, follow these steps:

Chances are very good that you’re not infected

This advice is particularly important in Windows 7 because of the way

it takes snapshots of Last Known Good system configurations If your machine gets infected and you reboot, and then Windows 7 mistakenly thinks that your infected system is “good,” it may incorrectly update the Last Known Good configuration information Resist the urge to press the Reset button until you exhaust all possibilities

manufacturer’s Web site; then run a full scan of your system.

If you don’t have an antivirus package installed, run — don’t walk — to the next section, and download and install AVG Free antivirus, or follow the instructions there to install Microsoft Security Essentials, the free new kid on the antivirus block

antivirus software manufacturer’s instructions.

If you can’t get into your manufacturer’s Web site, beg, borrow, or steal another PC and log on to the manufacturer’s Web site (see Table 1-1) All the major antivirus software manufacturers have detailed steps on their Web sites to take you through the scary parts

Note that some sites may have news posted hours before other sites — but it’s impossible to tell in advance which will get the story first

site (aumha.net/viewtopic.php?t=4075) and post your problem on the Malware Removal forum.

Make sure that you follow the instructions precisely The good folks at AumHa are all volunteers You can save them — and yourself — lots of headaches by following their instructions to the letter

Book VI Chapter 1

them of the new virus.

Messages about a new virus can outnumber infected messages ated by the virus itself — in some cases, causing more havoc than the virus itself Try not to become part of the problem Besides, you may be wrong

gener-Table 1-1 Major Antivirus Software Vendors’ Sites

Product Company Breaking News Web SiteAVG Anti-Virus GRISoft grisoft.com

F-Secure Antivirus F-Secure f-secure.com/virus-infoKaspersky Antivirus Kaspersky Lab kaspersky.comMcAfee VirusScan Network

Associates us.mcafee.com/virusInfo/default.aspNorton AntiVirus Symantec securityresponse.symantec.comPanda Antivirus Panda pandasecurity.com

Trend PC-cillin Trend Micro antivirus.com/vinfo

In recent years, I’ve come to view the mainstream press accounts of virus

and malware outbreaks with increasing, uh, skepticism The antivirus

com-panies are usually slower to post news than the mainstream press, but the

information they post tends to be much more reliable Not infallible, mind

you, but better We also cover security problems at AskWoody.com

Shunning scareware

A friend of mine brought me her computer the other day and showed me a

giant warning about all the viruses residing on it (see Figure 1-7) She knew

that she needed XP Antivirus, but she didn’t know how to install it Thank

heaven

Another friend brought me a computer that always booted to a Blue Screen

of Death that said

Error 0x00000050 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NON_PAGED_AREA

It took a whole day to unwind all the junkware on that computer, but when I

got to the bottom dreck, I found Vista Antivirus 2009

word-Here’s the crazy part: Most people install this kind of scareware voluntarily One particular family of rogue antivirus products, named Win32/FakeSecSen, has infected more than a million computers; see Figure 1-8.

Book VI Chapter 1

Typically you receive a spam message that invites you to install this

wonder-ful new program named Antivirus something-or-another You figure, hey, it

couldn’t be any worse than the big-name antivirus program you have now —

the one that’s no doubt bugging you every two days to cough up your credit

card number to stay up-to-date — and figure it’s worth a try

Wrong

Some people pick up Antivirus 2009 by clicking a link on a decent,

well-known Web site They just don’t realize that people who run big Web sites

frequently farm out their advertising, and sometimes the ads (which are

delivered independently of the page itself) harbor threatening stuff The

SpywareRemove Web site reports (tinyurl.com/55pjnk) that, not long

ago, Google was showing “sponsored” paid links that pointed directly to the

Antivirus XP 2008 site

The exact method of infection can vary, as will the payloads

If you’ve got it, how do you remove it? For starters, don’t even bother with

Windows Add or Remove Programs Any company clever enough to call

a piece of scum Antivirus 2009 won’t make it easy for you to zap it The

Bleeping Computer site has removal instructions at tinyurl.com/6xxhyz

One of my favorite antimalware industry pundits, Rob Rosenberger, has an

insightful analysis of this type of scareware in the article “Two decades of

virus hysteria contributes to the success of fake-AV scams,” at vmyths

com/2009/03/22/rogue-av

Microsoft has an excellent review of rogue antivirus products in its Security

Intelligence Report Volume 6, available at microsoft.com/sir

Getting Protected

The Internet is wild and woolly and wonderful — and, by and large, it’s

unregulated, in a Wild West sort of way Some would say it cannot be

regu-lated, and I agree Although some central bodies control basic Internet

coordination questions — how the computers talk to each other, who doles

out domain names such as dummies.com, and what a Web browser should

do when it encounters a particular piece of HyperText Markup Language

(HTML) — no central authority or Web Fashion Police exists

In spite of its Wild West lineage and complete lack of couth, the Internet

doesn’t need to be a scary place If you follow a handful of simple, common

sense rules, you’ll go a long way toward making your Internet travels more

like Happy Trails and less like Doom III.

612 Getting Protected

Protecting against malware

“Everybody” knows that the Internet breeds viruses “Everybody” knows that really bad viruses can drain your bank account, break your hard drive, and give you terminal halitosis — just by looking at an e-mail message with

Good Times in the Subject line Right.

In fact, botnets and keyloggers can hurt you, but hoaxes and lousy advice abound Every Windows 7 user should follow these tips:

products that promise to keep your computer oh-so-wonderfully safe

Unless the software comes from a reputable manufacturer whom you

trust, and you know precisely why you need it, you don’t want it Don’t

be fooled by products that claim to clean your Registry or clobber nary infections

You may think that you absolutely must synchronize the Windows clock (which Windows 7 does amazingly well, no extra program needed), tune up your computer (gimme a break), use those cute little smiley icons (gimme a bigger break), install a pop-up blocker (both Internet Explorer and Firefox already do that well), or install an automatic e-mail signer (your e-mail program already can sign your messages — read the manual, pilgrim!) What you end up with is an unending barrage of hassles and hustles

soft-ware packages and one of the major antispysoft-ware packages It doesn’t

matter which one — all of them are good Personally, I like free — the free versions of several antivirus products work just as well as the big-name, big-buck alternatives (See Book VI, Chapter 5 for more on antivirus and antispyware software.)

In spite of its name, antivirus software frequently looks for more than just viruses Many 0day exploits can be nipped in the bud, shortly after their appearance, by a recently updated antivirus scan

con-tact the person who sent you the file and verify that she did, in fact, send you the file intentionally After you contact the person who sent

you the file, don’t open the file directly Save it to your hard drive and run your antivirus software on it before you open it

show you the full name of all the files on your computer That way, if

you see a file named something.cpl or iloveyou.vbs, you stand a fighting chance of understanding that it might be an infectious program waiting for your itchy finger

Book VI Chapter 1

easily The return address can be spoofed Even the header information — which you don’t normally see — can be pure fiction Links inside e-mail messages may not point where you think they point Anything you put in

a message can be viewed by anybody with even a nodding interest — to use the old analogy, sending unencrypted e-mail is a lot like sending a postcard

and if you see a charge you don’t understand, question it Log on to all your financial Web sites frequently, and if somebody changed your pass-word, scream bloody murder

Using your credit card safely online

Many people who use the Web refuse to order anything online because

they’re afraid that their credit card numbers will be stolen and they’ll be

liable for enormous bills Or they think the products will never arrive and

they won’t get their money back

If your credit card was issued in the United States and you’re ordering from

a U.S company, that’s simply not the case Here’s why:

company for an item you don’t receive It’s the same law that governs

orders placed over the telephone or by mail A vendor generally has 30 days to send the merchandise, or it has to give you a formal, written chance to cancel your order For details, go to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Web site, ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/

credit/cre28.shtm

$50 per card The minute you notify the credit card company that

some-body else is using your card, you have no further liability If you have any questions, the Federal Trade Commission can help (See ftc.gov/

bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/tech/tec01.shtm.)The rules are different if you’re not dealing with a U.S company and using

a U.S credit card For example, if you buy something in an online auction

from an individual, you don’t have the same level of protection Make sure

that you understand the rules before you hand out credit card information

Unfortunately, there’s no central repository (at least none I could find) of

information about overseas purchase protection for U.S credit card

hold-ers: each credit card seems to handle cases individually If you buy things

overseas using a U.S credit card, your relationship with your credit card

company generally provides your only protection

614 Getting Protected

Some online vendors, such as Amazon.com, absolutely guarantee that your shopping will be safe The Fair Credit Billing Act protects any charges fraud-ulently made in excess of $50, but Amazon says that it reimburses any fraud-ulent charges under $50 that occurred as a result of using its Web site Many credit card companies now offer similar assurances

Regardless, you should still take a few simple precautions to make sure that you aren’t giving away your credit card information:

a company you know In particular, don’t click a link in an e-mail

mes-sage and expect to go to the company’s Web site Type the company’s address into Internet Explorer or Firefox, or use a link that you stored in your Internet Explorer Favorites or the Firefox Bookmarks list

arrived at the company’s site and when the site is using a secure Web page The easy way to tell whether a Web page is secure is to look in the

lower-right corner of the screen for a picture of a lock (see Figure 1-9) Secure Web sites scramble data so that anything you type on the Web page is encrypted before it’s sent to the vendor’s computer In addition, Firefox tells you a site’s registration and pedigree by clicking the icon to the left of the Web address In Internet Explorer, the icon appears to the right of the address

Be aware that crafty Web programmers can fake the lock icon and show

an https:// (secure) address to try to lull you into thinking that you’re

on a secure Web page To be safe, confirm the site’s address in the lower-left corner and click the icon to the left of the address at the top

to show the full security certificate

E-mail is just too easy to intercept And for heaven’s sake, don’t give out any personal information when you’re chatting online

that seems to be from your bank, credit card company, Internet vice provider, or even your sainted Aunt Martha, don’t send sensitive information back by way of e-mail Insist on using a secure Web site

ser-and type the company’s address into Firefox or Internet Explorer.Identity theft continues to be a problem all over the world Widespread availability of personal information online only adds fuel to the flame If you think someone may be posing as you — to run up debts in your name, for example — see the U.S government’s main Web site on the topic at consumer.gov/idtheft

Book VI Chapter 1

Confirm a site’s address. The lock icon indicates a secure site.

Click the icon to see the site’s security certificate

Defending your privacy

“You have zero privacy anyway Get over it.”

That’s what Scott McNealy, CEO of Sun Microsystems, said to a group of

reporters on January 25, 1999 He was exaggerating — Scott has been known

to make provocative statements for dramatic effect — but the exaggeration

comes awfully close to reality (Actually, if Scott told me the sky was blue, I’d

run outside and check But I digress.)

I continue to be amazed at Windows users’ odd attitudes toward privacy

People who wouldn’t dream of giving a stranger their telephone numbers

fill out their mailing addresses for online service profiles People who are

scared to death at the thought of using their credit cards online to place an

order with a major retailer (a very safe procedure, by the way) dutifully type

their Social Security numbers on Web-based forms

Windows 7 — particularly through Microsoft Windows Live Essentials — gives

you unprecedented convenience That convenience comes at a price, though:

Everything you do in Windows Live Mail, Messenger, Safety Center — or just

616 Getting Protected

about any commercial site on the Web, for that matter — ends up stored away

in a database somewhere And, as the technology becomes more and more refined, your privacy gets squeezed

I suggest that you follow these few important privacy points:

personal messages? C’mon Sign up for a free Web-based e-mail account, such as Gmail (www.gmail.com), Yahoo! Mail (http://mail.yahoo.com), or Hotmail (www.hotmail.com)

In the United States, with few exceptions, anything you do on a company

PC at work can be monitored and examined by your employer E-mail, Web site history files, and even stored documents and settings are all fair game At work, you have zero privacy anyway Get over it

e-mail account? Why tell a random survey that your annual income is between $20,000 and $30,000? (Or is it between $150,000 and $200,000?) All sorts of Web sites — particularly Microsoft — ask questions about topics that, simply put, are none of their dern business Don’t put your personal details out where they can be harvested

of personal protection you have come to expect in meatspace (real life),

you still have rights and recourses Check out privacyrights.org for some thought-provoking notices

Keep your head low and your powder dry!

Keeping cookies at bay

A cookie is a text file that a Web site stores on your computer Why would

a Web site want to store a file on your computer? To identify you when you come back It’s that simple

Consider the case of D Dummy, D Dummy’s computer, and a Web site that

D Dummy visits — my hometown newspaper’s site, www.phuketgazette

net, in this example The Phuket (pronounced “poo-KET”) Gazette uses

cook-ies to keep track of when readers last visited its Web site so that readers can click a button and see what has happened since the last time they looked at the site Nifty feature

Here’s how cookies come into the picture:

1 D Dummy decides that he wants to look at the Phuket Gazette site, so

he types phuketgazette.net in Firefox (or Internet Explorer) and presses Enter

Book VI Chapter 1

2 D Dummy’s computer starts talking to the Web site “Howdy, y’all!”

(Did I mention that D Dummy’s computer comes from Texas? Details, details.) “I’m D Dummy, and I’d like to take a look at your main page.”

3 The Phuket Gazette site, phuketgazette.net, starts talking back to D

Dummy’s computer “Hey, D Dummy! Have you been here before?”

Actually, the Phuket Gazette site is a whole lot more polite than that, but

you get the idea

4 D Dummy’s computer runs out to its hard drive and looks for a text file

named (bear with me) DDummy@www.phuketgazette.txt It doesn’t find a file, so D Dummy’s computer says to the Web site, “Nope I don’t have any cookies here from y’all.”

5 The Phuket Gazette site pulls off its shoes and socks, starts counting

fingers and toes, and then says to D Dummy’s computer, “Fair enough

I figure you’re user number 1578462 Store that number away, wouldja,

so that I can identify you the next time you come back here? And, while you’re at it, could you also remember that you were last here at 11:36 a.m on December 14?”

6 D Dummy’s computer runs out, creates a new file named DDummy@www

phuketgazette.txt, and puts the values 1578462 and 11:36 a.m

on December 14 in it

The Phuket Gazette site’s main page starts to open on the screen D Dummy

scans the headlines, and then heads off to do some shopping Two hours

(or days or weeks or months) later, dear old D Dummy goes back to www

phuketgazette.net Here’s what happens:

1 D Dummy types phuketgazette.net in Firefox (or Internet Explorer)

and presses Enter

2 D Dummy’s computer starts talking to the Web site “Howdy y’all! I’m D

Dummy, and I’d like to take a look at your main page.” (Texans.)

3 The Phuket Gazette site, phuketgazette.net, says to D Dummy’s

computer, “Hey, D Dummy! Have you been here before?”

4 This time, D Dummy’s computer runs out to its hard drive and finds a

file named DDummy@www.phuketgazette.txt D Dummy’s computer says to the Web site, “Gee whillikers I have a cookie from you guys It says that I’m user number 1578462 and I was last here at 11:36 a.m on December 14.”

5 That’s all the Phuket Gazette Web site needs to know It flashes a big

banner that says “Welcome back D Dummy!” and puts together a button that says “Click here to see everything that’s happened since 11:36 a.m

on December 14.”

618 Getting Protected

Note that the Phuket Gazette site could also keep track of user 1578462 on

the Web site’s own computer — stick an entry in a database somewhere — and accumulate information about that user (The site doesn’t, but it could.)

No doubt you’ve been told that cookies are horrible, evil programs lurking in the bowels of Windows that can divulge your credit card number to a pimply teenager in Gazukistan and then slice and dice the data on your hard drive, shortly before handing you over, screaming, to the Feds In fact, your uncle’s sister-in-law’s roommate’s hairdresser’s and so on probably told you so himself Well, guess what? A cookie is just a text file, placed on your hard drive by a Web page Nothing sinister about it

A cookie can be retrieved only by the same site that sent it out in the first

place So the Phuket Gazette can put cookies on my hard drive, but only the Phuket Gazette can read its cookies There’s a trick, though See the sidebar

“The Doubleclick shtick” for details

A Web site plants a cookie on your computer

Only that Web site can retrieve the cookie

The information is shielded from other Web

sites ZDNet.com (the PCMag Web site) can

figure out that I have been reading reviews of

digital cameras Dealtime.com knows that I buy

shoes But a cookie from ZDNet can’t be read

by Dealtime, and vice versa So what’s the big

deal?

Enter Doubleclick.net, which is now a division

of Google For the better part of a decade, both

ZDNet.com and Dealtime.com have included

ads from a company named Doubleclick.net

Don’t believe it? Use Internet Explorer to go

to each of the sites, press the Alt key, and

select View➪Web Page Privacy Policy (In

Firefox, you can do the same thing if you select

Tools➪Options➪Privacy➪Show Cookies and

watch the bottom of the list.) Unless ZDNet or

Dealtime has changed advertisers, you see

Doubleclick.net featured prominently in each

site’s privacy report

Here’s the trick: You surf to a ZDNet Web page that contains a Doubleclick.net ad Doubleclick kicks in and plants a cookie on your PC that says you were looking at a specific page on ZDNet Two hours (or days or weeks) later, you surf to a Dealtime page that also con-tains a Doubleclick.net ad — a different ad, no doubt — but one distributed by Doubleclick Doubleclick kicks in again and discovers that you were looking at that specific ZDNet page two hours (or days or weeks) earlier

Now consider the consequences if a hundred sites that you visit in an average week all have Doubleclick ads They can be tiny ads — 1 pixel high, or so small that you can’t see them All the information about all your surfing to those sites can be accumulated by Doubleclick and used

to “target” you for advertising, tions, or whatever It’s scary

recommenda-The Doubleclick shtick

Book VI Chapter 1

To understand how cookies can pose problems, you have to take a look at

the kind of information that can be collected about you, as an individual, and

how big of a squeeze it puts on your privacy

When you visit a Web site, the site can automatically collect a small amount

of information about you It can collect these bits and pieces:

your computer on the Internet): For most people with a DSL or cable

connection, your address doesn’t change often, if at all That means a sufficiently persistent data-mining program can (at least in theory) track your activities over long periods

name of your operating system: In other words, the Web site will know

that you’re using Firefox 3 and Windows 7 No biggie

There are other bits and pieces, which you can see by going to the Web site

ShowIPAddress.com (see Figure 1-10)

620 Getting Protected

That isn’t a whole lot of information, but it comes along for the ride every time you visit a Web site You can’t do anything about it When you’re on a site, of course, the site can keep track of which pages you look at, how long you stay at each one, which buttons you click, and other information

In addition, the site you’re visiting can ask you for, quite literally, anything: the size of your monthly paycheck, your mother’s maiden name, telephone numbers, credit card numbers, Social Security numbers, driver’s license numbers, shoe sizes, and your dowdy Aunt Martha’s IQ If you’re game to type the information, the Web site can collect it and store it

That’s where things start getting dicey Suppose that you go to one Web site and enter your e-mail ID and credit card number and then go to another Web site and enter your e-mail ID and telephone number If those two sites share their information — perhaps through a third party — it’s suddenly possible

to match your credit card number and telephone number (Refer to the bar “The Doubleclick shtick” to see where all this is headed.)

side-Microsoft, of course, gathers an enormous amount of information about you

in its Windows registration database, its Live ID database, the Windows Update database, and on and on As of this writing, it doesn’t appear that Microsoft has attempted to correlate the data in those databases Yet.For in-depth, knowledgeable updates on cookie shenanigans, drop by cookie central.com

Reducing spam

Everybody hates spam, but nobody has any idea how to stop it Not the ernment Not Bill Gates Not your sainted aunt’s podiatrist’s second cousin.You think legislation can reduce the amount of spam? Since the U.S CAN–SPAM Act (www.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/canspam.html) became law on January 7, 2003, has the volume of spam you’ve received increased or decreased? Heck, I’ve had more spam from politicians lately than from almost any other group The very people who are supposed to be enforcing the antispam laws seem to be spewing out spam overtime (see Figure 1-11)

gov-By and large, Windows is only tangentially involved in the spam game — it’s the messenger, as it were But every Windows user I know receives e-mail And every e-mail user I know gets spam Lots of it

There are 600,426,974,379,824,381,952 ways to spell Viagra No, really If you use all the tricks that spammers use — from simple swaps such as using the

letter l rather than i or inserting e x t r a s p a c e s in the word, to tricky ones

like substituting accented characters — you have more than 600 septillion different ways to spell Viagra It makes the national debt look positively tiny

Book VI Chapter 1

Spam scanners look at e-mail messages and try to determine whether the

contents of the potentially offensive message match certain criteria Details

vary depending on the type of spam scanner you use (or your Internet

ser-vice provider uses), but in general the scanner has to match the contents of

the message with certain words and phrases stored in its database If you’ve

seen a lot of messages with odd spellings come through your spam

scan-ner, you know how hard it is to see through all those sextillion, er, septillion

variations

Spam is an intractable problem, but you can do certain things to minimize

your exposure:

(or any other e-mail that you didn’t specifically request) Don’t click through to the Web site Simply delete the message If you see some-thing that might be interesting, use Google or another Web browser to look for other companies that sell the same item

622 Getting Protected

sending you messages If you’re on the Costco mailing list and you’re

not interested in its e-mail any more, click the Opt Out button at the bottom of the page But don’t opt out with a company you don’t trust: It may just be trying to verify your e-mail address

Spammers have spiders that devour Web pages by the gazillion, ing around the Web, gathering e-mail addresses and other information automatically If you post something in a newsgroup and want to let people respond, use a name that’s hard for spiders to swallow: woody (at) ask woody (dot) com, for example

message Spammers use both methods to verify that they’ve reached

a real, live address And, you wouldn’t open an attachment anyway — unless you know the person who sent it to you, you verified with her that she intended to send you the attachment, and you trust the sender

to be savvy enough to avoid sending infected attachments

link in an e-mail message Be cautious about Web sites you reach from

other Web sites If you don’t personally type the address in the Internet Explorer address bar, you might not be in Kansas any more

Ultimately, the only long-lasting solution to spam is to change your e-mail address and give out your address only to close friends and business associ-ates Even that strategy doesn’t solve the problem, but it should reduce the level of spam significantly Heckuva note, ain’t it?

Chapter 2: Action Center Overview

In This Chapter

The Windows 7 Action Center may sound like the title of a Grade B movie

or the locus of a local television news program, but it serves a simple and worthwhile purpose: Whenever Windows wants to get your attention, it nags you through the Action Center

The Action Center consolidates security warnings — the purview of the old Windows Vista Security Center, Action Center’s progenitor — with status notifications about updates, backups, and various troubleshooting tips The center’s most important work revolves around security, and that’s why this chapter appears among the security chapters

In theory, the Windows 7 Action Center offers one-stop shopping for all your security needs In practice, it’s a short stop indeed — and taking control of security settings that aren’t accessible through the Action Center can be quite a headache

But, hey, at least you don’t see the notice “There are unused icons on your desktop” every time you boot Windows 7 See, there have been some real improvements since Windows XP

In this chapter, I take you through a brief overview of the Windows Action Center — more details follow in the next few chapters I also explain how the troubleshooting features can uncover unexpected problems — and in some cases, at least, fix them

I also talk about free rootkit scanners Rootkits don’t draw the attention they deserve in the Action Center spotlight — in no small part because getting a rootkit to run in Windows 7 is a major challenge You should none-theless go the extra mile and make sure that your PC hasn’t been subverted (For a description of rootkits, see Book VI, Chapter 1.)

Contents

Chapter 2: Action Center Overview

623

Entering the Action Center 624

Working with the Action Center 625

624 Entering the Action Center

Entering the Action Center

If you go out looking for it, the Windows 7 Action Center sits buried in an obscure corner of the Windows infrastructure But the Security “flag” sits up front and, uh, center The easiest way to get to it: Click the flag down near the system clock and select Open Action Center from the pop-up menu You see the Action Center in all its glory, which, if you’ve been a good Windows custodian, looks like Figure 2-1

The flag can take on three personas:

expecta-tions You may have security messages waiting or troubleshooting tips

available in the Action Center but, on the whole, you’re doing fine and needn’t upset the applecart

Surprisingly, refreshingly, Windows 7 shows you a flag without an lay if you tell it to check for Windows Updates but don’t download them That’s a big, big improvement over earlier versions of Windows, which would go into conniption fits if you prevented Microsoft from reaching into your machine and applying any change it deemed appropriate (See Book VI, Chapter 4 for details.)

your attention, and you should attend to it rather quickly Important

security releases that haven’t been applied fall into this category — at least, updates that Microsoft feels are important — as do hardware problems that leave a piece of your computer out of order

is wrong and you need to check it quickly.

Book VI Chapter 2

In some respects, the Action Center works as a central clearing house for

Windows problems: In many cases, if a Windows program hits a problem,

the program notifies the Action Center and the Action Center talks to you

In other respects, the Action Center takes on a proactive stance: It actively

goes out and checks to see whether something is wrong and reports on its

findings

Working with the Action Center

The Action Center itself consolidates a wide range of settings from many

different parts of Windows — indeed, from places outside of Windows — all

in one place

Watching Security Settings

To see the monitored Security items, click the down arrow to the right of the

Security heading in Figure 2-1 The Action Center monitors the status of the

following elements (see Figure 2-3):

Windows to phone home and check for patches and patches to patches

of patches If you trust Microsoft, you can even allow Windows to patch itself, kinda like getting a license for self-administered lobotomies (See Book VI, Chapter 4 for more about Automatic Updates.)

Fair warning: I firmly believe that automatic updating is for chumps I’ve advised against using automatic updates since the feature first appeared

in Windows Me, a decade ago

626 Working with the Action Center

(I talk about Windows Firewall at length in Book VI, Chapter 3.)

A firewall program insulates your PC (or network) from the Internet At

its heart, the Windows 7 inbound firewall keeps track of requests that originate on your PC or network When data from the Internet tries to make its way into your PC or network, the firewall checks to make sure that one of your programs requested the data Unsolicited data gets dropped; requested data comes through That way, rogues on the Internet can’t break in

Windows 7 also has an outbound firewall, which is basically unusable The Network Firewall line in the Action Center says On even if you don’t have outbound firewall protection

You may be using the Windows 7 Firewall, or you may have a third-party firewall installed It’s possible (but maddening) to run more than one firewall at the same time

program, such as Microsoft Security Essentials, AVG Free, Avira AntiVir, Norton, McAfee, or Trend Micro PC-cillin, for example (See Book VI, Chapter 5 for more about virus protection.)

Book VI Chapter 2

627

Working with the Action Center

computer and tries to determine whether you have spyware/scumware detection and blocking in force Of course, Microsoft Windows Defender appears here — it’s built into Windows 7 itself But you may want to run an additional scum-busting program — two or more can usually run simultaneously without tripping each other up Or you may want to replace Windows Defender with Microsoft Security Essentials, the new free anti-everything-ware program from Microsoft (See Book VI, Chapter

5 for details.)

Internet Explorer As of this writing, at any rate, the Windows Action Center doesn’t tell you squat about any other browsers

like the one shown in Figure 2-4 on the screen I explain how to control UAC in Book II, Chapter 2

like this one

client-server domain networks If you have a problem with your NAP settings, you need to contact your network administrator

All these settings focus on preventing bad stuff outside your PC from getting

inside — a noble goal, to be sure, but the baddies that lurk outside your box

are only part of the problem The other part? You

To get — and keep — your security and sanity in Windows 7, you must

understand how your PC can be attacked and what you can do to forestall

those attacks, both from a computer point of view and by thinking “outside

the box.” (That’s the theme of Book VI, Chapter 1.)

628 Working with the Action Center

Checking Maintenance Settings

To see the general Windows programs that the Action Center monitors, click the down arrow to the right of the Maintenance heading You see the follow-ing options (see Figure 2-5):

Windows Action Center monitors problem reports as they occur and keeps tabs on your reliability history

You can go back and see whether Microsoft has posted any solutions to problems that your computer has reported in the past It’s rare, but it does happen If you want to see which problems your computer has reported, click the link on the left that says View Archived Messages

If you click the View Reliability History link, you see the Reliability Monitor, as shown in Figure 2-6 (I talk about the Reliability Monitor in Book II, Chapter 5.)

about backups in Book II, Chapter 3.)

are available (I talk about Windows Update in Book VI, Chapter 4.)

troubleshooter If you want to go out and check for troubleshooting tips, click the Troubleshooting link at the bottom of the Action Center (I talk about Windows Troubleshooting in Book II, Chapter 5.)

Book VI Chapter 2

Rooting out Rootkits

One part of the Action Center bugs me: It makes sure that you have a firewall

working, that you have an antivirus program running and updated, and that

Windows Defender and/or other scumbusters (such as Microsoft Security

Essentials) are on the lookout for malware

That’s good

But the Action Center doesn’t tackle — doesn’t even consider — one key

security question: Have you scanned for rootkits? Rootkits are programs,

such as Mebroot (also known as Sinowal) or Conficker (also known as

Downadup) that run underneath the Windows radar (For a description of

rootkits, see Book VI, Chapter 1.)

There are several reasons for the apparent oversight:

almost exclusively on Windows XP Windows Vista rates as a tough nut

for rootkit writers to crack Windows 7 goes way beyond Vista, by ting up enormous hurdles that any rootkit would have to clear

Nevertheless, somebody, somewhere, will likely — in fact, given the financial incentives, will almost inevitably — develop a very stealthy piece of malware, probably a rootkit, that will hitch a ride on Windows 7 systems Just because it hasn’t been done doesn’t mean that it won’t be done, if you know what I mean

630 Rooting out Rootkits

Windows in a way that Windows can’t detect Some researchers

con-tend that it’s impossible to create a good rootkit scanner that runs

on Windows If a rootkit scanner doesn’t run on Windows, it would be nearly impossible to have the Windows Action Center reliably track its actions, much less detect its presence

Hairless antivirus manufacturer claims to have a rootkit scanner, but it’s

generally useless — if not completely useless Microsoft’s own Security

Essentials claims to scan for rootkits, but the results to date have been spotty at best

Rootkits represent the way of the future for malware: A lot of money can be made by subverting PCs and turning them into botnets (see Book VI,

Chapter 1) That’s why I strongly recommend, in addition to working with the Windows 7 Action Center, that you scan all your machines specifically for rootkits — if you can find a good scanner

The world of rootkits changes by the hour, so any recommendation I make now will be obsolete by the time the ink dries on this book I suggest that you go to the Windows Secrets Web site (www.windowssecrets.com) and check the list of programs on the main page for a recommended free rootkit scanner

At the moment, my favorite rootkit detector comes from the antivirus ware manufacturer Trend Micro Trend Micro RootkitBuster (see Figure 2-7)

soft-is, as of this writing, still in beta testing and supports only 32-bit versions of Windows 7 By the time you read this chapter, chances are good that it will

be ready for prime time, and it may work with 64-bit versions

Here’s how to download, install, and run the Trend Micro RootkitBuster:

trendmicro.com/download/rbuster.asp

If TrendMicro has moved the RootkitBuster, try searching for trendmicro rootkit at www.google.com.

It’s in a Zip file

your desktop.

Book VI Chapter 2

You may have to jump through one or more User Account Control dialog boxes

RootkitBuster appears (refer to Figure 2-7) There’s no installer

RootkitBuster can take 10 or 20 minutes or more, but in the end it reports any suspicious items it finds

Items button, go back to the download site and click the Readme link

The Readme material may tell you about potential problems.

This step may prevent you from shooting yourself in the foot Deleting the wrong Registry entry or file can be disastrous for your computer, so make sure that you know what you’re doing before you click Delete

Run RootkitBuster — or whichever rootkit detector you use — from time to

time, and see what comes up

Book VI: Securing Windows 7

632

Chapter 3: Windows Firewall

In This Chapter

around them

A firewall is a program that sits between your computer and the

Internet, protecting you from the big, mean, nasty gorillas riding

around on the information superhighway An inbound firewall acts like a

traffic cop that, in the best of all possible worlds, allows only “good” stuff into your computer and keeps all the “bad” stuff out on the Internet, where

it belongs An outbound firewall prevents your computer from sending bad

stuff to the Internet, such as when your computer becomes infected with a virus or has another security problem

Windows 7 includes a usable (if not fancy) inbound firewall It also includes

a snarly, hard-to-configure, rudimentary outbound firewall, which has all the social graces of a junkyard dog Unless you know the magic incantations, you never even see the outbound firewall — it’s completely muzzled until you dig into the Windows 7 doghouse and teach it some tricks

Everybody needs an inbound firewall, without any doubt Outbound firewalls are useful, but they can be quite difficult to understand and maintain If you figure that you need an outbound firewall, try to use the one in Windows 7, and when you (inevitably) throw your hands up in disgust, take a look at Microsoft’s competitors This chapter helps you through the minefield

Comparing Firewalls

The Windows 7 inbound firewall works reasonably well It lacks many of the fancy features you can find in competing firewalls, but for most folks, it’s good enough One big bonus: The Windows 7 inbound firewall works hand

in hand with Windows network settings (see Book VII)

Peeking into Your Firewall 638

Making Inbound Exceptions 640

Coping with the Windows 7 Outbound Firewall 648

634 Comparing Firewalls

On the other hand, the Windows 7 outbound firewall doesn’t hold a candle

to any of the commercially available firewalls Here’s why:

settings that help you get started without being tripped up by the most common outbound traffic By contrast, the Windows 7 outbound fire-

wall has exactly zero built-in settings

traffic and then ask you to block or allow specific programs The

firewall remembers your responses and, over time, reduces its level of intrusiveness The Windows 7 outbound firewall, on the other hand, doesn’t ask, doesn’t learn, and doesn’t care If you’ve told Windows 7

to block something in particular, it doesn’t get out of your PC; if you haven’t told Windows 7 to block something, it goes through

buttons and menus may be overly cute or convoluted, but at least they try to organize the outbound settings in a reasonable fashion As you

can see in the section “Coping with the Windows 7 Outbound Firewall,” later in this chapter, Microsoft has done almost nothing to make the Windows 7 outbound firewall easy to use Quite the contrary: The inbound and outbound firewalls look like they came from two different planets — which they did

Microsoft says that it disabled the Windows 7 outbound firewall because corporate customers demanded it That seems mighty disingenuous to me because companies running Active Directory pull all the strings on their users’ desktops anyway I think Microsoft had many reasons for making the outbound firewall so infernally hard to use, not the least of which is the fact that enforcing almost any kind of outbound firewall would’ve driven

Microsoft’s support demands through the roof

Most modern routers and wireless access

points include significant firewalling

capabil-ity It’s part and parcel of the way they work,

when they share an Internet connection among

many computers

Routers and wireless access points add an

extra step between your computer and the

Internet That extra jump — named Network Address Translation — combined with innate intelligence on the router’s part can provide an extra layer of protection that works indepen-dently from, but in conjunction with, the firewall running on your PC

Hardware firewalls

Book VI Chapter 3

635

Understanding Windows 7 Firewall’s Basic Features

Many people in the software business feel that an outbound firewall is a

must: It’s the only way to tell whether your computer has been taken over,

and it starts spraying your personal information to all corners of the

Internet I’m just ornery enough to disagree: I find outbound firewalls

confus-ing, intrusive, and at most minimally effective It’s kinda like trying to steer a

boat by looking at its wake

If you’re worried about monitoring the Internet traffic going out of your

computer, though, there’s no reason to spend a heap of money — or lose

all your computer cycles — on one of those giant

antivirus-antispyware-firewall packages Instead, look into Comodo Personal Firewall (personal

firewall.comodo.com), which draws good reviews Or, try ZoneAlarm

Free Firewall (zonelabs.com) They’re both absolutely free, and they

work just as well as the high-priced spread

Understanding Windows 7 Firewall’s Basic Features

All versions of Windows 7 ship with a decent, capable — but not foolproof —

stateful firewall named Windows Firewall (WF) (See the nearby sidebar,

“What’s a stateful firewall?”)

The WF inbound firewall is on by default Unless you change something,

Windows Firewall is turned on for all connections on your PC For example,

if you have a LAN cable, a wireless networking card, and a modem on a

spe-cific PC, WF is turned on for all of them The only way Windows Firewall gets

turned off is if you deliberately turn it off or if the network administrator on

your Big Corporate Network decides to disable it by remote control or install

Windows service packs with Windows Firewall turned off

At the risk of oversimplifying a bit, a stateful

firewall is an inbound firewall that remembers

A stateful firewall keeps track of packets of

information coming out of your computer and

where they’re headed When a packet arrives

and tries to get in, the inbound firewall matches

the originating address of the incoming packet

against the log of addresses of the outgoing

packets to make sure that any packet allowed

through the firewall comes from an expected

location

Stateful packet filtering isn’t 100 percent proof And, you must have some exceptions so that unexpected packets can come through for reasons discussed elsewhere in this chapter

fool-But a stateful firewall is quite a fast, reliable way to minimize your exposure to potentially destructive probes from out on the big, bad Internet

What’s a stateful firewall?

636 Understanding Windows 7 Firewall’s Basic Features

In extremely unusual circumstances, malware (viruses, Trojans, whatever) have been known to turn off Windows Firewall

You can change WF settings for inbound protection relatively easily When you make changes, they apply to all connections on your PC On the other hand, WF settings for outbound protection make the rules of cricket look like child’s play

WF kicks in before the computer is connected to the network Back in the not-so-good old days, many PCs got infected between the time they were connected and when the firewall came up

WF also has an inbound “lockdown” mode By selecting two fairly find Block All Incoming Connections check boxes (see Figure 3-1), you can lock down your computer so that it accepts only incoming data that has been explicitly requested by programs running on your computer Any attempt by outside programs to communicate with your computer are rebuffed

easy-to-To see your Block All Incoming Connections check boxes, choose Start➪ Control Panel➪System and Security➪Windows Firewall, then on the left click the link to Change Notification Settings

Book VI Chapter 3

637

Speaking Your Firewall’s Lingo

down your PC prevents you from connecting A lockdown even shuts down

any connection to other computers or printers (or other shared devices) on

the network That’s helpful if you’re connecting in an airport and don’t want

other travelers to get at your Shared Documents folder But it’s a real pain

in the neck in your home or office

If you hear about a new worm making the rounds, you can easily lock down

your computer for a day or two and then go back to normal operation when

the worm stops ping-ponging over your company’s network (or your home

network, for that matter) You might need to deselect a Block All Incoming

Connections check box long enough to print on a shared printer or to get at

some data on your network, but you’ll be essentially impenetrable whenever

the Block All Incoming Connections check boxes are selected If you’re

con-necting to a strange network (say, using a wireless connection at a coffee

shop or in a hotel), you can lock down while logged on and sip your latté

with confidence

Speaking Your Firewall’s Lingo

At this point, I need to inundate you with a bunch of jargon so that you

can take control of Windows Firewall Hold your nose and dive in The

con-cepts aren’t that difficult, although the lousy terminology sounds like it

was invented by a first-year advertising student Refer to this section if you

become bewildered when wading through the WF dialog boxes

As you no doubt realize, the amount of data that can be sent from one

com-puter to another over a network can be tiny or it can be huge Comcom-puters

communicate with each other by breaking the data into packets (small

chunks of data with a wrapper that identifies where the data came from and

where it’s going)

On the Internet, packets can be sent in two different ways:

sending the packets doesn’t keep track of which packets were sent, and the computer receiving the packets doesn’t make any attempt to get the sender to resend packets that vanish mysteriously into the bowels of

the Internet UDP is the kind of protocol (transmission method) that can

work with live broadcasts, where short gaps wouldn’t be nearly as ruptive as long pauses, while the computers wait to resend a dropped packet

The sending computer keeps track of which packets it is sent If the receiving computer doesn’t get a packet, it notifies the sending com-puter, which resends the packet Almost all communication over the Internet these days goes by way of TCP

638 Peeking into Your Firewall

Every computer on a network has an IP address, which is a collection of four

sets of numbers, each between 0 and 255 For example, 192.168.1.2 is a common IP address for computers connected to a local network; the com-puter that handles the Dummies.com Web site is at 208.215.179.139 You can think of the IP address as analogous to a telephone number

Peeking into Your Firewall

When you use a firewall — and you should — you change the way your computer communicates with other computers on the Internet This section explains what Windows Firewall is doing behind the scenes so that when it gets in the way, you understand how to tweak it (You find the ins and outs

of working around the firewall in the “Making Inbound Exceptions” section, later in this chapter.)

When two computers communicate, they need not only each other’s IP

address but also a specific entry point called a port — think of it as a

tele-phone extension — to talk to each other For example, most Web sites respond to requests sent to port 80 There’s nothing magical about the number 80; it’s just the port number that people have agreed to use when trying to get to a Web site’s computer If your Web browser wants to look at the Dummies.com Web site, it sends a packet to 208.215.179.139, port 80.Windows Firewall works by handling all these duties simultaneously:

through the firewall if they can be matched with an outgoing packet

In other words, WF works as a stateful inbound firewall

Windows Firewall allows packets to come and go on ports 139 and

445, but only if they came from another computer on your local work and only if they’re using TCP Windows Firewall needs to open

net-those ports for file and printer sharing (See the later section “Using Public and Private Networks” for details about different network types.)

WF also opens several ports for Windows Media Player if you’ve chosen

to share your media files, as you might within a HomeGroup (see Book VII, Chapter 1), for example

network, Windows Firewall automatically opens ports 137, 138, and 5355 for UDP, but only for packets that originate on your local network.

packets to come in on a specific port and the Block All Incoming Connections check box isn’t selected, WF follows your orders You

might need to open a port in this way for online gaming, for example

Book VI Chapter 3

639

Using Public and Private Networks

they’re sent to the Remote Assistance program (unless the Block All Incoming Connections check box is selected), as long as you created

a Remote Assistance request on this PC and told Windows 7 to open your firewall (see Book II, Chapter 5) Remote Assistance allows other

users to take control of your PC, but it has its own security settings and strong password protection Still, it’s a known security hole that’s enabled when you create a request

at specific programs Usually, any company that makes a program

designed to listen for incoming Internet traffic (Skype is a prime ple, as are any instant messaging programs) adds its program to the list

exam-of designated exceptions when the program is installed

it’s simply ignored Windows Firewall swallows it without a peep

Conversely, unless you’ve changed something, any and all outbound traffic goes through unobstructed

Using Public and Private Networks

Windows 7 helps simplify things a bit by providing three different

collec-tions of security settings — actually, inbound Windows Firewall settings —

each identified with a prototypical type of network (see Figure 3-2):

640 Making Inbound Exceptions

under your control (such as the kind you might set up following the instructions in Book VII, Chapter 2) You can let your hair down a little when you’re on a private network When you connect to a new net-work and identify it as a home network, Windows 7 lets you set up a HomeGroup or connect to an existing HomeGroup That’s a bit like hand-ing you the keys to the house (See Book VII, Chapter 1 for details.)

establish a HomeGroup over a work network Use a work network ever you want to connect to a network and share things such as an Internet connection or specific folders or printers, but you don’t want

when-to share things like your music collection or your personal Documents folder

Internet cafés, hotels — where a very real chance exists that somebody else connected to the network could go snooping, or may try to shove infected files into your Public folder When you connect to a new net-work, if you tell Windows 7 that it’s a public network, Windows 7 knows that it shouldn’t make your PC visible on the network and that you don’t want to share printers and the like Most of the time, you use public net-works to connect to the Internet — and that’s it

There’s a fourth kind of network, which you encounter only when you plug

into a big company domain network Domain networks are Big Corporate

Networks — client/server “domains.” If you take your laptop to the office and plug it in to a Big Corporate Network, Windows 7 recognizes the fact and automatically puts in place all the security that comes along for the ride Unlike when you use home, work, or public networks, you don’t get to tell Windows 7 which kind of network you’re using when you connect into a domain

I go into more detail about connecting to networks, setting the network type, and changing network types in Book VII, Chapter 1

Making Inbound Exceptions

Firewalls can be absolutely infuriating You may have a program that has worked for a hundred years on all sorts of computers, but the minute you install it on a Windows 7 machine with Windows Firewall in action, it just stops working, for absolutely no apparent reason

You can get mad at Microsoft and scream at Windows Firewall, but when you do, realize that at least part of the problem lies in the way the firewall has to work (See the “Peeking into Your Firewall” section, earlier in this

Book VI Chapter 3

641

Making Inbound Exceptions

chapter, for an explanation of what your firewall does behind the scenes.) It

has to block packets that are trying to get in, unless you explicitly tell the

firewall to allow them to get in

Perhaps most infuriatingly, WF has to block those packets by simply

swal-lowing them, not by notifying the computer that sent the packet Windows

Firewall has to remain “stealthy” because if it sends back a packet that

says, “Hey, I got your packet but I can’t let it through,” the bad guys get an

acknowledgment that your computer exists, they can probably figure out

which firewall you’re using, and they may be able to combine those two

pieces of information to give you a headache It’s far better for Windows

Firewall to act like a black hole

Allowing designated programs to bypass the firewall

Some programs need to “listen” to incoming traffic from the Internet; they

wait until they’re contacted and then respond Usually, you know whether

you have this type of program because the installer tells you that you need

to tell your firewall to back off

If you have a program that doesn’t (or can’t) poke its own hole through the

Windows Firewall, you can tell WF to allow packets destined for that specific

program — and only that program — in through the firewall You might want

to do that with a game that needs to accept incoming traffic, for example, or

for an Outlook extender program that interacts with mobile phones, or for a

program that hooks directly into the Internet, like The Onion Ring (see Book

V, Chapter 2 for a description)

Here’s how to poke a hole in the inbound Windows Firewall:

These settings don’t apply to incoming packets of data that are received

in response to a request from your computer; they apply only when a packet of data appears on your firewall’s doorstep without an invitation

642 Making Inbound Exceptions

Book VI Chapter 3

643

Making Inbound Exceptions

listed in the Allow Programs list, select the check boxes that spond to whether you want to allow the unsolicited incoming data when connected to a home or work network and whether you want to allow the incoming packets when connected to a public network.

It’s rare indeed that you would allow access when connected to a public network but not to a home or work network

fire-wall, click the Change Settings button at the top and then click the Allow Another Program button at the bottom.

You have to click the Change Settings button first and then click Allow Another Program It’s kind of a double-down protection feature that ensures you don’t accidentally change things

Windows Firewall goes out to all common program locations and finally presents you with a list like the one shown in Figure 3-5 It can take a while

browse to the program’s location Select the program and click Open.

The program you chose appears on the Add a Program list (refer to Figure 3-5)

644 Making Inbound Exceptions

Realize that you’re opening a potential, albeit small, security hole The program you choose had better be quite capable of handling packets from unknown sources If you authorize a renegade program to accept incoming packets, the bad program could let the fox into the chicken coop If you know what I mean

In Figure 3-5, I choose PokeMeThrough.exe and click Add

The program appears on the Allow Programs list In Figure 3-6, PokeMeThrough.exe shows up on the list

incoming data while you’re connected to a home or work network or

a public network Then Click OK.

Your poked-through program can immediately start handling inbound data

In many cases, poking through the Windows Firewall doesn’t solve the whole problem You may have to poke through your modem or router as well — unsolicited packets that arrive at the router may get kicked back according

to the router’s rules, even if Windows would allow them in Unfortunately, each router and the method for poking holes in the router’s inbound firewall differs Check the site portforward.com/routers.htm for an enormous amount of information about poking through routers

Book VI Chapter 3

645

Making Inbound Exceptions

Opening specific ports

Windows Firewall lets you open specific ports, so the inbound firewall stops

monitoring incoming data on those ports

Adding a port to the exceptions list is inherently less secure than adding a

program Why? Because the bad guys have a hard time guessing which

pro-grams you left open — they have a whole lot of propro-grams to choose from —

but probing all ports on a machine to see whether any of them let packets go

through is comparatively easy

Still, you may need to open a port to enable a specific application When you

select the check box to allow Remote Desktop, for example, you’re opening

port 3389 (Remote Desktop lets others — typically, system administrators —

work directly on your computer.) That’s the security price you pay for

enabling programs to talk to each other

Follow these steps to open a port:

then click Windows Firewall.

You see the main Windows Firewall control window (refer to Figure 3-3)

You see the Windows Firewall sanctum sanctorum, shown in Figure 3-7.

646 Making Inbound Exceptions

click the New Rule link.

Windows Firewall shows you the New Inbound Rule Wizard, as shown in Figure 3-8

Figure 3-8:

Open a port

by using the

Rule Wizard

Most first-time firewallers are overwhelmed by

the idea of opening a port Although you need

to treat ports with care — an open port is a

security threat, no matter how you look at it —

sometimes you truly need to open one Usually,

you get a phone call like this:

“Dude My game won’t hook up with your

game You got a firewall or somethin’?”

“Uh, yeah I’m running Windows Firewall.”

“Pshaw, man If you want to play Frumious

Bandersnatch, you gotta open ports 418, 419,

420, an’ 421.”

“Does Frumious use UDP or TCP?”

“What’s TCP? Some kinda disease? I dunno,

man I just read in the instruction book that ya

gotta have 418, 419, 420, an’ 421 open Don’tcha ever read the manual, dude?”

At that point, you guess that Frumious Bandersnatch uses TCP (that’s the most common choice), you run through Windows Firewall to liberate the four ports, and you have the game working in 30 seconds flat

In general, if you need to open a port, the documentation for the program (game, torrent downloader, file sharer) will tell you Assuming you read the frumious manual

After you’re done playing the game or ring files, you should consider shutting down the port A well-written game or file-sharing program won’t let any creepy-crawlies into your computer, but bugs can and do happen

transfer-How do you know when you have to open a port?