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Sams Teach Yourself UNIX in 10 Minutes, Second Edition will help you quickly and easily learn UNIX essentials and review UNIX features and functions.. You will learn to: Get onto the sys

SAMS Teach Yourself Unix in 10 Minutes

By Robert Shimonski

Publisher: Sams Publishing

Pub Date: June 15, 2005

ISBN: 0-672-32764-3

Pages: 256

Table of Contents | Index

If you're in need of a quick, concise tutorial to learn Unix and get on your way, this is it Sams Teach

Yourself UNIX in 10 Minutes, Second Edition will help you quickly and easily learn UNIX essentials and review UNIX features and functions You will master components of UNIX programming through clear, concise learning modules and step-by-step instructions without having to wade through a lot of fluff and theory You will learn to:

Get onto the system and use the command line

•

Move about the file system

•

Create, move, rename and delete files and directories

•

Slice and dice command pipe data

•

Use the vi Editor

•

Print in the UNIX environment

•

And more!

•

Whatever your expertise level, Sams Teach Yourself UNIX in 10 Minutes will get you up and running with UNIX in no time

SAMS Teach Yourself Unix in 10 Minutes

By Robert Shimonski

Publisher: Sams Publishing

Pub Date: June 15, 2005

ISBN: 0-672-32764-3

Pages: 256

Table of Contents | Index

Copyright

About

the

Author

Acknowledgments

We

Want

to

Hear

from

You!

Services Introduction Welcome to

Sams Teach Yourself Unix in

10

Minutes Unix Overview Versions of

Unix Teach Yourself Unix in

10

Minutes How

Do

You

Use

Unix? Getting More Information Who

This

Book Is

For

Author Note

Conventions Used in

This

Book Lesson 1 Getting Started

Practicing with

Unix: It

Really Does Make

Perfect!

Prepare

to

Log

In

The

Login

Process

The

Logout

Process

Shell

Game

Working

Within

the

Shell

Summary

Lesson 2

Getting

Help

Finding

Help

in

Unix

Using

the

Unix

Man

Pages

More

Help

Even

More

Help!

Graphical

Help

(Using

KDE)

Additional

Documentation

Summary

Lesson 3

Interfacing

with

Unix

Graphically

Overview

of

the

X

Window System How

Many

Windows Are

There? X

Window System Functionality Window Placement X

Window System Look

and

Feel

Window Managers Desktop Environments Summary Lesson 4 The

File

System

Explained File

System Design Navigating the

File

System Navigating the

File

System with

the

GUI

Summary Lesson 5 File

System

Navigation Techniques Using

the

find

Finding

Data

with

Other

Unix

Commands

The

grep

Command

Using

the

KDE

Find

Feature

Summary

Lesson 6

Working

with

the

Shell

Working

with

Files

at

the

Unix

Shell

Prompt

Summary

Lesson 7

Reading

Files

The

cat

Command

Making

Output

Readable

with

Pagers

The

tail

Command

Summary

Lesson 8

Text

Editing

Text

Editing

with

The

vi

Editor The

emacs Editor Desktop Environment Tools: KDE's Built-in Editor Summary Lesson 9 Text

and

File

Utilities The

wc

Command The

split

Command The

diff

and

patch Commands Tying It

All

Together: File

Management Skills Test

Summary Lesson 10 Compression and

Archiving Tools

Managing Files

in

Unix

Managing Your

Disk

Usage

Files

in

Unix

The

tar

Command

Using

uuencode/uudecode

Summary

Lesson 11

Managing

Processes

in

Unix

Multitasking

The

ps

Command

The

kill

Command

The

at

and

cron

Commands

Summary

Lesson 12

Input

and

Output

I/O

Redirection

Standard

I/O

Pipes

Summary

Lesson 13

Regular

Expressions

Pattern

Matching

and

Regular

Expressions

Using

and

*

Using

and

^

Using

^

(Again) and

$

Summary Lesson 14 Shell

Scripting Fundamentals Building Unix

Shell

Script Files

Using foreach Using while and

if

Summary Lesson 15 User

Utilities Using chsh

The

passwd Command Using finger and

chfn

Using date

Using uptime Using who

Summary Lesson 16 Modifying Your

Environment Aliases Environment Variables

Using

Dot

Files

Working

with

the

GUI

Summary

Lesson 17

Printing

with

Unix

The

lpr

Command

The

lpq

Command

The

lprm

Command

Summary

Lesson 18

Networking

and

Security

Using

telnet

Using

ssh

Using

rlogin

Using

slogin

Using

ftp

Summary

Lesson 19

Configuring

Permissions

in

Unix

Unix

File

and

Directory

Permissions

Using

ls

-l

chmod

Using

chgrp

Summary

Lesson 20

Unix

Privileged

Commands

Root

Refresher

Single-User

Mode

fsck

shutdown/reboot

Summary

Appendix A

Learn

More

About

Unix:

Reference

Index

Copyright

Copyright © 2005 by Sams Publishing

All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004098030

Printed in the United States of America

First Printing: June 2005

08 07 06 05 4 3 2 1

Trademarks

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark

Warning and Disclaimer

Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied The information provided is on an "as is" basis The author and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book

Bulk Sales

Sams Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales For more information, please contact

U.S Corporate and Government Sales

1-800-382-3419

corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com

For sales outside of the U.S., please contact

International Sales

international@pearsoned.com

Credits

Acquisitions Editor

Jenny Watson

Development Editor

Scott Meyers

Managing Editor

Charlotte Clapp

Project Editor

Mandie Frank

Copy Editor

Laura Town

Indexer

Tim Wright

Technical Editor

Christopher Heinz

Publishing Coordinator

Vanessa Evans

Interior Designer

Gary Adair

Cover Designer

Aren Howell

Page Layout

Brad Chinn

About the Author

Robert Shimonski is a well-known networking and security expert consulting out of the Long Island, New York area Rob has authored over 30 books on information technology that include topics specializing in systems engineering with Unix and Microsoft technologies, as well as networking and security design with Check Point and Cisco technologies

Rob has also deployed state-of-the-art technology in hundreds of companies worldwidejust recently designing and implementing a global MPLS network spanning hundreds of sites Rob was fortunate to have been able to keep up with his love for Unix by deploying Linux systems and freeware networking and security tools such

as Ethereal, NMIS, and MRTG, to name a few

Because of Rob's unique blend of Unix- and Linux-related real world experience, Rob has served as a

technical editor and author on countless Unix- and Linux- related articles and books Rob was also the

networking and security expert chosen to help develop and design LinuxWorld Magazine You can view LinuxWorld Magazine at http://www.linuxworld.com To learn more about Roberts's book projects, please visit him at www.rsnetworks.net

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank everyone who helped me create this booka personal thank you to all who went the extra mile when we needed it most The editors, thank you very much for giving me the tools I needed to make this book a reality

Jenny Watson, thank you for presenting me with this project and working with me to develop it My technical editor, Christopher Heinz, and developmental editor, Scott Meyers, for working with me through "crunch time" and being my extra eyes on the printed page

We Want to Hear from You!

As the reader of this book, you are our most important critic and commentator We value your opinion and want to know what we're doing right, what we could do better, what areas you'd like to see us publish in, and any other words of wisdom you're willing to pass our way

You can email or write me directly to let me know what you did or didn't like about this bookas well as what

we can do to make our books stronger

Please note that I cannot help you with technical problems related to the topic of this book, and that due to the high volume of mail I receive, I might not be able to reply to every message

When you write, please be sure to include this book's title and author as well as your name and phone or email address I will carefully review your comments and share them with the author and editors who worked on the book

Email: opensource@samspublishing.com

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Introduction

Welcome to Sams Teach Yourself Unix in 10 Minutes

Unix Overview

Versions of Unix

Teach Yourself Unix in 10 Minutes

How Do You Use Unix?

Getting More Information

Who This Book Is For

Author Note

Conventions Used in This Book

Welcome to Sams Teach Yourself Unix in 10 Minutes

Welcome to Sams Teach Yourself Unix in 10 Minutes If you are new to Unix or just want to learn more about it, you have undoubtedly chosen the perfect companion for your journey Whatever your reasons were for picking up this book, you will be glad that you did, because it is filled with useful information to help you learn Unix This book's mission is to ensure that you walk away with a fundamental understanding of Unix, how to navigate and use it, and how to become more productive with it Another goal of this book is to show

you other avenues for gathering information that will help you continue your education beyond the lessons herein

Unix Overview

Because of growing market share from companies such as Red Hat, Sun, IBM, and Novell, it's no wonder that Unix is becoming more and more of a household name Unix (and Linux, which is Linus Torvald's version of Unix) is now found in most firewall and Web-server-based systems as well as all the way to the desktop for end user productivity and development Unix has deep roots in the computer industry First surfacing in universities and the military, it began to grow more and more in use with the massive development and expansion of the Internet Once Linux was released, the landscape of Unix changed forever Now, Linux (an easier to use version of the Unix operating system) and Unix are both found almost everywhere you look, and

to ignore them is simply impossible

Some common versions of Unix (called distributions, or distros for short) you may have heard of are Sun Solaris, IBM AIX, FreeBSD, Red Hat Linux, SuSE Linux (also known as Novell SUSE), and SCO ACE Although these versions of the Unix operating system have differences, they all share the same thing: a basic Unix kernel that can be openly worked on and developed by anyone with the knowledge to do so In this book, we will focus on the similarities between all versions of Unix so that you can use any one of them and still be productive

Unix is a very powerful multitasking operating system Multitasking refers to performing multiple tasks at once; in this context, it more specifically means that a user can run multiple programs simultaneously within one single logon of the system Unix is also a multiuser operating system What this means is that many users can simultaneously (and securely) use the same machine In addition, Unix is open source software, which means that users are free to look at and modify its code This is not the case with proprietary versions of Unix, but most versions are open source, so unless you are working with a specific vendor that does not allow its version of Unix to be altered, it's safe to assume that most versions (especially Linux versions) can be

modified Another powerful tool to unleash with Unix is the power of coding and scripting Entire user communities work with and help develop Unix programs, and this is what keeps the system growing,

developing, and getting better each and every year This is not commonly seen with other proprietary

operating system platform vendors such as Microsoft Most of these vendors release closed source systems, which means you cannot freely write code that works blindly with these systems

There is much more to learn about Unix You are encouraged to find out more about its history and origins on the Web; this way, we can focus more written pages on teaching you how to use Unix (At the end of this book, however, there is a reference section that will help you locate additional information on Unix, its history, and where it is going in the future.) So, now that you know that Unix is rapidly growing in use, let's take a second to understand why this book is so important, how this book should be used, how this book is organized, and how you will learn Unix productively

Versions of Unix

Before we get too involved in this book, there is one thing that needs to be made clear: There are many versions of Unix, also called flavors or distros (short for distributions) In this book, all versions will be referenced as "Unix" unless there is something specific that needs to be said about a certain version or

distribution Since Unix, Linux, and all its cousins are so similar, they are said to be in the same family, but as you know, people in your family don't all look or act the same, do they? Nonetheless, you can think of Unix

as a family of sorts, one with a great heritage, many grandparents, and plenty of recorded history to laugh about

This book (just like the first edition) has been written to be as general as possible and to not favor any one vendor or implementation This way, you can learn in the least confusing way possible; after all, the more complications you are exposed to while learning, the more your learning progress is hindered Again, in this book, Unix is Unix unless otherwise noted

If something in an example doesn't work on your system, don't be alarmedcheck the

online manuals or ask other users of your machine Different versions of Unix

sometimes have slightly different versions of commandsit will be worth your time to

learn how things work on your system as well as how things work on other distributions

of Unix

Teach Yourself Unix in 10 Minutes

In each 10-minute lesson, you are given a small amount of material to master In most cases, the material in each lesson builds on that presented in the previous lesson, so although you can jump around between lessons, you will be best served to start the book at the beginning and move through it in order You can come back and forth as you master each lesson, in case you forget a command or how to do something

This book is divided into seven parts Part I, "Learning the Unix Environment: Baby Steps," covers logging in

to a Unix (or Linux) system so you can begin to learn Unix You will learn how to get into Unix (and Linux)

so that you can work within it Part I also shows you the essentials of how to help yourself, which is important when using any new system

Learning how to find and use documentation is one of the keys to survival when it comes to learning Unix Part II, "Navigating the Unix File System," covers the file system, how to navigate it, and so on Part III, "File System Utilities," explains how to manipulate and work with files as well as how to use some of the tools that come with the system to edit, archive, and compress files Part IV, "Working with the Shell," covers working with the shell and how to use scripts Although you won't become a master of shell scripting overnight, you will start to see how powerful Unix can be if you know how to work with it Part V, "Environment

Customization," covers user utilities as well as how to modify your environment Part VI, "Networking and Communications," is new to the second edition of this book; you will learn how to print with Unix as well as how to set up basic networking and security Part VII, "Tips and Tricks," covers advanced topics and some Linux so that you can work within Linux (since it's easier to get and use) and learn Unix in the convenience of your home or anywhere else you may want to put a new Linux- or Unix-based system

How Do You Use Unix?

Unless you're simply using a Unix machine as a platform for a prepackaged commercial application, most of your interaction with Unix is likely to be textual commands typed at a command-line prompt Most

implementations of Unix do provide a graphical user interface (GUI); however, even when running the GUI, much of what you are likely to do involves typing commands into terminal windows that are available in the GUI We will be covering both in this book, because some versions of Unix install graphically as well as allow you to initially log in to the system graphically This being said, it is imperative to learn the

fundamentals of both methods if you are to progress past the login portion of this book presented in Part I

So, are you worried about minimal graphical help? You shouldn't be; that's why you are reading this book! As previously mentioned, you will learn both graphical and textual methods in this book Dragging and dropping and using a mouse are still options in some Unix systems, but the strength of Unix is at the command line You will see this as you read through each chapter You will be introduced to K Desktop Environment (KDE),