Polyme Analysis 2010 Part 1 pdf

and complex morphological systems ⇒ analysis of polymer ≠ the small organic materials ⇒ Focus on viscoelastic properties, dynamic mechanical testing... -Tensile, flexural, impact, compre

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA ĐÀ NẴNG

KHOA HOÁ

PHÂN TÍCH POLYME

(POLYMER ANALYSIS)

TS Đoàn Thị Thu Loan

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üIs a branch of polymer science dealing with analysis and characterisation of polymers

üThe complication of macromolecular chains, the dispersion in molecular

weight, tacticity, crystallinity, orientation, composition of polymers etc and

complex morphological systems

⇒ analysis of polymer ≠ the small organic materials

⇒ Focus on viscoelastic properties, dynamic mechanical testing

Polymer analysis

• Instron mechanical tester

Vicker hardness tester

DMA

Melt flow indexer

Torsions Rheometer

-AFM, SEM

-FT-IR

-Pull-out test

Instruments

FT-IR

IR-microscope

GPC ( size exclusion chromatography

SEC)

-Viscosimetry

-X-ray (WAXS and SAXS)

-EM, SEM, TEM, AFM

-Dynamic and static methods for contact

angle measurements.

-Tensile, flexural, impact, compression, hardness tests, -Rheological and viscoelastic properties, stiffness and

modulus, surface tension, permeation and diffusion in polymers, adhesion tests, density

-Surface roughness, -Chemical

composition, -Interface characetrisation

-Molecular weight determination,

-Microstructural characterisation and

compositional analysis,

-Crystallinity,

-Investigation of polymer morphology,

particle size,

-Contact angle and wettability

measurements

Mechanical and Physical Properties

Surface Characterisation

Chemical, Molecular and Structural

Characterisation

Methods of polymer analysis

• GC

pH meter

HPLC

Karl-Fischer titration

Thermogravimetric analyser (TGA)

TGA-FTIR coupled technique

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (ADSC)

Dynamic thermomechanical analyser (DMTA)

Dielectric relaxation

Instruments

Inolab conductivity

meter

Purity and molecular weight of small

molecules, water content

in organic solvents, surface tension measurement, pH

-Melting point, glass transition temperature, free rotation temperature, -Degradation and stability behaviour of polymers

Conductivity, electric

current in solution,

light emitting and

electromagnetic

properties

Miscellaneous (hon tap) Thermal Behaviour

Electrical and Optical

Properties

Methods of polymer analysis

-For quality control

-For predicting service performance

-To generate design data

-To investigate failures

Purpose of polymer analysis

Essential to identify the purpose of testing, because the requirements for each

of the purposes are different

-Precision

-Reproducibility

-Rapidity

Balance of these attributes, according to the purpose of the test

-Complexity

-Automated test

-Nondestructive test -Cost

üNondestructive methods are advantageous and indeed essential when

100% of the output is being tested

üThe tests should be simple and inexpensive, and automation will

probably aid the rapidity of testing

üTests related to product performance are preferred

Quality Control Tests

üThe most important factor is that the tests relate to service conditions

and to aspects of product performance

üshould not be too complex, although rapidity and cheapness are less important than was the case with quality control

üNondestructive tests are not always appropriate when predicting product performance, as it may be necessary to establish the point at which failure

occurs

Tests Predicting Product Performance

üUsually test pieces are of a simple shape and a specified size, whereas

the product may be of a different geometry and size

üData must be presented in a form that enables the designer to allow for

changes in geometry, time scale, etc which implies detailed and

comprehensive understanding of material behavior

üIt follows that data of this type are expensive to produce and that results

are unlikely to be obtained with great rapidity

üHowever, automation may be advantageous, particularly in the case of

tests running for a long time (creep tests)

Tests for Producing Design Data

üSome understanding of the various mechanisms of failure is necessary before suitable tests can be chosen

ü Tests need not be complex but must be relevant

Ex: a simple measurement of product thickness may establish that there has

been a departure from the specified design thickness

üThe absolute accuracy of the test may not be important, but it is essential that

it be capable of discriminating between the good and the bad product

Tests for Investigating Failures