Root Cause Failure Analysis Part 11 ppsx

Pressure due to a force that is operating in a direction opposite to that being considered, such as that of a fluid flow.. A machine used to increase the pressure of a gas or vapor.. The

Of, on, around, or along an axis (straight line about which an object rotates) or center of rotation Amount by which a gear tooth space exceeds the thickness of the engaging tooth on the operating pitch circles

Pressure due to a force that is operating in a direction opposite to that being considered, such

as that of a fluid flow

The large chamber or room for holding bag filters used to filter gas streams

A machine element that supports a part, such as

a shaft, that rotates, slides, or oscillates in or on

it Three major types are radial or journal, thrust, and guide bearings

A fan that operates where the resistance to gas flow is predominantly downstream of the fan Any condition that marks or describes a limit or

Of continued duration

The arrangement of data in order of time of appearance

Sorting or categorizing by established criteria

A machine used to increase the pressure of a gas

or vapor

When the smaller of two circular, cylindrical, or spherical shapes is centered within the larger one

The liquid product that forms from condensable gases or vapors when they are subjected to appropriately altered conditions of temperature

or pressure

A valve that controls pressure, volume, or flow

direction in a fluid transmission system

Any materials-handling machine designed to move individual articles, such as solids or free- flowing bulk materials, over a horizontal, inclined declined, or vertical path of travel with continuous motion

Gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to chemical processes such as oxidation or the action of a chemical agent

The angular speed at which a rotor becomes dynamically unstable with large lateral amplitudes due to resonance with the natural frequencies of lateral vibration of the rotor Initial current surge that occurs on startup of a piece of equipment, such as a motor

A funnel-shaped device for removing particles from air or other fluids, steam from water, water from steam, and in certain applications to separate particles into two or more size classes Pumping against a closed discharge valve

The mass of a substance per unit of volume

A catch or lever in a mechanism that locks the movement of a part, especially in escapement mechanisms or ratchet devices that permit motion in one direction slowly In a valve, a detent is used to hold the valve in its last position

The difference between the actual value of a controlled variable and the desired or average value

Meter or gauge with a calibrated circular face and a pivoted pointer to give readings

Data having discrete values, as contrasted with continuous analog data Digital data recorders convert continuous electrical analog signals into numbered (digital) values and record these values

Distribute widely

Moving in different directions

A system of enclosed runways

Cylinders having overlapping bores

The pressure that a moving fluid would have if it were brought to rest by isentropic flow against a

pressure gradient; also known as impact pressure, stagnation pressure, and total pressure

The response, measured over time, of a component or system to a forcing function Deals with the motion of a system under the influence of forces, especially those forces that originate outside the system under

consideration

The condition when a disk or wheel has its axis

of revolution displaced from the center so that it

is capable of imparting reciprocating motion

Lateral or axial shaft movement

Entrapment of tiny air bubbles in a fluid Specifies the physical requirements, dimensions and type of coupling needed in a specific application Envelope information includes shaft sizes, orientation of shafts, required horsepower full-range of operating torque, speed ramp rates, and any other data that directly or indirectly affect the coupling

A specific change that occurs at a specified time

To facilitate or speed up a progress

Making an estimate of an unknown quantity based on, but outside the range of known data Someone or something that makes it easier to accomplish a task

A device, usually consisting of a rotating paddle wheel or an airscrew, with or without a casing, for producing currents to circulate, exhaust, or deliver large volumes of air or gas

An abnormal system state

Projecting rim of a mechanical part

The lowest temperature at which vapors from a volatile liquid will ignite momentarily on the application of a small flame under specified conditions

Identical to single-stage, screw-type compressors

or blowers

(1) A cause of an event (2) The cause of each discrete frequency component in a machine train’s vibration signature

chajng corrosion

Resistance to sliding, a property of the interface between two solid bodies in contact Friction wastefully consumes energy and wear changes dimensions

The ideal state of lubrication where the film remains thick and prevents contact between the surface peaks, which is apparent in a microscopic examination of two surfaces; also referred to as thick-jilm lubrication

An expendable device for opening an electric circuit when the current therein becomes excessive The device contains a section of conductor that melts when the current through it exceeds a rated value for a definite period of time

Disk or wheel with teeth around its periphery,

either on the inside edge (i.e., internal gear) or

on the outside edge (Le., external gear), used to provide a positive means of power transmission The gearing system by which power is transmitted from the source to the rotating shaft

or axle

A device for preventing leakage at a machine joint, as where a shaft emerges from a vessel containing a pressurized fluid; also referred to as

A plot with total dynamic head as the vertical

axis and discharge volume or flow as the horizontal axis

known as a rotor,

Something that happens, an event

The difference between the costs of two alternative procedures or operating conditions Indicators

The process of reasoning from particular facts to

a general conclusion

The property of an object by which it remains at rest or in uniform motion in the same straight line unless acted on by some external force

A device for converting direct current into alternating current; it may be electromechanical

or electronic; also known as a DC-to-AC

converter

The profile most commonly used for gear teeth

It does not provide as good a rolling action as the cycloidal profile and, as a result, some sliding between teeth occurs It is less sensitive

to shaft alignment and gear spacing than the cycloidal profile

Energy associated with motion

Viscous streamline flow without turbulence

Of, at, on, or toward the side

The change in vertical distance that occurs when

a system is in operation

The vertical distance present regardless of whether a system is operating or not

See Suction lift

The elevation change, measured from centerline

to centerline

Pertaining to the lengthwise dimension

The ability of a material to lubricate

A series of machines containing both driver and driven components

A shaft inserted through a hole in a component for support

Piping system that either gathers multiple-line fluid inputs into a single intake chamber (intake manifold) or divides a single fluid supply into several outlet streams (distribution manifold)

A condition that can result from a mechanical or force imbalance Mechanical imbalance occurs when there is more weight on one side of a centerline of a rotor than on the other Force imbalance can result when there is an imbalance

of the centripetal forces generated by rotation or when there is an imbalance between the lift generated by the rotor and gravity

Any physical or mental process by which a result is produced

Testing technique that can be used to measure the cause-and-effect relationship between variables in electric motors

Engagement or working contact of teeth of gears

or of a gear and a rack

An event that is expected to occur

Having a slanted direction or position at an angle that is neither a right angle nor a multiple

of a right angle

The physical requirements and dimensions of a specific application

An aperture or hole

An electronic circuit that converts energy from a direct-current source to a periodically varying electric output

A quantity that is constant under a given set of conditions but may be different under other conditions

Pertaining to or located at or near the surface of

of the pitch circle measured in inches

pneumatic

positive displacement compressor

Pertaining to or operated by air or other gas

A device that confines successive volumes of fluid within a closed space in which the pressure

of the fluid is increased as the volume of the closed space is decreased

positive displacement pump

predictive maintenance

A device in which a measured quantity of liquid

is entrapped in a space, its pressure is raised, and

then it is delivered

The practice of using actual operating conditions

of plant equipment and systems to optimize total plant operation It relies on direct equipment monitoring to determine the actual mean-time-to- failure or loss of efficiency for each machine train and system in a plant This technique is used in place of traditional run-to-failure programs

Add fluid to a pump to enable it to begin pumping

The probability of an event is the ratio of the number of times it occurs to the large number of trials that take place

The comparative relation between things in size, amount, etc (i.e., ratio)

A device installed in a fluid piping system (gas

or liquid) to eliminate or even out the fluid-flow pulsations caused by reciprocating compressors, pumps, and such

A machine that draws a fluid into itself through

an entrance port and forces the fluid out through

an exhaust port

Statement that provides confirmed background

or support data needed to accurately define an event or forcing function

Describes something that can be expressed as a quantity or a number

Having to do with quantity

Either of the concentric pair of steel rings of a ball or roller bearing

Radiating from or converging to a common center

A line segment joining the center and a point on the outside of a circle or sphere

Responses to an event are essentially simultaneous with the event itself

Responses to an event that essentially are simultaneous with the event itself

The action of moving back and forth alternately

To occur again or at intervals

See Gearbox

and the environment, which is regulated by the EPA and state and local governments

Discipline dealing with the probability that a component part, equipment, or system will satisfactorily perform its intended function under given circumstances, such as environmental conditions, limitations as to operating time, and frequency and thoroughness of maintenance for a specified period of time

A large amplitude vibration in a mechanical

system caused by a small periodic stimulus of the

same or nearly the same period as the natural vibration period of the system Higher levels of input energy can result in catastrophic, near instantaneous failure of the machine or structure

A cylinder mounted in bearings used for such functions as shaping, crushing, moving, or printing work passing by it

The speed at which a bearing's roller turns in its races

root cause

rotor

The true source of a problem or event

Any rotating part of a machine

runout Axial or radial looseness A measure of shaft

wobble caused by being off center

saturation point or pressure The pressure of a thermodynamic system, at a

given temperature, where the vapor of a substance is in equilibrium with that substance's pure liquid or solid phase

Parallel scratches, lines, or grooves

A means of preventing migration of fluids, gases, or particles across a joint or opening The fixed, pressure-containing portion of a valve that comes into contact with the moving portions

of that valve

For a pump, it is the rate at which liquid leaks from the discharge side to the suction side For a conveyor, it is the amount of material that bypasses the system

An electrically energized coil of insulated wire that produces a magnetic field within the coil The ratio of a material’s density to the density of some standard material (i.e., water at 60°F or air

at standard temperature and pressure); also

known as relative density

Motionless

Pressure of a fluid due to the head of fluid above some reference point

The pressure exerted in a nonoperating system

A device that separates and removes condensate automatically from steam lines

The head, in feet, that a pump must provide on the inlet side to raise the liquid from the supply well to the level of the pump; also known as the

suction head

synchronize

three-phase alternating current Alternating current delivered through three

wires, with each wire serving as the return for the other two and with the three current components differing in phase successively by one-third cycle, or 120 electrical degrees Make to occur at the same time

throttle A choking device to regulate flow of a fluid

A system failure in a fault-tree analysis; it can he either a broad, all-encompassing failure or a failure of a particular component

A moment/force couple applied to a rotor such as

a shaft to sustain acceleratiodload requirements

A twisting load imparted to shafts as the result of induced loadslspeeds

A straining action produced by couples that act normal to the axis of a member, identified by a twisting deformation

The total pressure required to overcome all downstream resistance at a given flow

An electrical component required when a different input or output voltage is needed for proper operation of equipment

An event such as an impact or change in speed

or process parameter that varies in time A temporary phenomenon occurring in a system prior to reaching a steady-state condition Motion of fluids in which local velocities and pressures fluctuate irregularly, in a random manner

Testing technique that can be used to measure the cause-and-effect relationship between variables

It uses principles similar to those of vibration analysis to monitor the noise generated by plant machinery or systems to determine their actual operating condition Ultrasonics is used to monitor the higher frequencies (i.e., ultrasound) that range between 20,OOO Hz and 100 kHz Depressuring or emptying a process unit Casting on the backside of the impeller that reduces the pressure acting on the fluid behind the impeller

Data item or symbol that can assume any of a set

of values