DEFORM-3D Keyword Documentation Part 7 pps

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT Object Object number None Ftype Function type: None 0 = Constant heat capacity None 1 = Temperature dependent heat capacity None 2 = Density dependent heat ca

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Mat Material Group Number NONE

Type kind of hardness of each phase NONE

HDNPHA specifies the hardness of a material (or phase)

The system units are dependent on the user It should be reminded that the units used should

be consist throughout the simulation for accurate interpretation of the results

REMARKS

Users should distinguish the hardness as a material property and the hardness as an object

state variable The hardness as an object state variable is defined by keyword HDNOBJ, which stores the output of the Hardness calculation module HDNEST defines the

computation method used in the Hardness calculation module Note that the hardness of

the object may not be related to the hardness of the material when, for example, the cooling time is used for estimating hardness

Applicable Simulation Modules: Microstructure

Applicable Simulation Modes: Transformation

Applicable Object Types: ALL

HDNRUL

HDNRUL Mat, Type

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Mat Material Number NONE

Type =0 Isotropic NONE

Flow Stress Model #6 Use Hardening

Elasto-Plastic Object ModelTRANS KINEMATIC

OTHER ISOTROPIC

Applicable Simulations Modules: Microstructure Applicable Simulation Modes: Transformation Applicable Object Types: Elasto-Plastic

Cooling Time(Ndata) Distance(Ndata)

Npt Number data for cooling time NONE

DEFINITION

HDNTIM specifies the relation between cooling time and the distance from the water-cooling end of

the specimen It should be noted that the cooling time versus distance is only valid for a specific temperature difference (high-low temperature) DEFORM TM does not interpolate the data if the user puts different data then the operation parameters, the resulting solution might be inaccurate The distance is measured in terms of absolute length and not in terms of Jominy distance unit which is defined as 1/16 inch

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object number None

Ftype Function type: None

0 = Constant heat capacity None

1 = Temperature dependent heat capacity None

2 = Density dependent heat capacity None

3 = Atom dependent heat capacity None

4 = Temperature and Atom dependent heat capacity None

HeatCap Heat capacity None

Ndata Number of temp/heat capacity data pairs None

N1 Number of data pairs for function or temp

Data when method=4 None

N2 Number of data pairs for atom when method=4 None

Temp(i) Temperature of ith data pair None

HeatCap(i) Heat capacity of ith data pair None

Density(i) Density data None

Atom(i) Atom data None

DEFINITION

HEATCP specifies the heat capacity of a particular object

REMARKS

The heat capacity may be specified as a constant value or as a set of

temperature/heat capacity data pairs

If Ftype = 0 use the value HeatCap

If Ftype = 1 use the values Ndata, Temp(i), HeatCap(i) Each temperature/heat capacity pair should be provided on a separate line When temperatures lie within the specified data range, linear interpolation is used to determine the

corresponding heat capacity When temperatures lie outside the specified data range, linear extrapolation is used to determine the corresponding heat capacity

If Ftype = 2 use the operands N1 and Density(i)

If Ftype = 3 use the operands N1 and Atom(i)

If Ftype = 4 use the operands N1, N2, Atom(i) and Temp(i)

The equation for heat capacity is:

HeatCap =  c

where

HeatCap heat capacity

 material density

c material specific heat

Applicable simulation types: Deformation Module Heat Transfer

Non-Isothermal Deformation

Microstructure Module

RELATED TOPICS

Keywords: THRCND

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object1 Object number of first object None

Object2 Object number of second object None

Ftype Function type None

= 0 constant interface heat transfer coefficient

= 1 interface heat transfer coefficient is a function

of time

= 2 interface heat transfer coefficient is a function

of pressure

HeatCoeff Interface heat transfer coefficient when Ftype = 0

Ndata Number of Time/Press interface heat transfer None

coefficient data pairs

Time/Press(i) Time (Ftype = 1), or pressure (Ftype = 2) of ith data pair None

HeatCoeff(i) Interface heat transfer coefficient of ith data pair None

DEFINITION

IHTCOF specifies the heat transfer coefficient at the interface between two

objects

REMARKS

The interface heat coefficient may be specified as a constant, a function of time,

or a function of interface pressure If Ftype = 0, use the operand HeatCoeff If Ftype = 2 or 3, use the operands Ndata, Time/Press, HeatCoeff(i) When Ftype =

2, each data pair should be provided on a separate line, resulting in Ndata lines of Time/Press(i), HeatCoeff(i)

The interface heat transfer coefficient is generally a complex function determined

by the interface pressure, amount of sliding, and interface temperature

INICTC

INICTC Object

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object number to initialize None

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object1 Object number of first object None

Object2 Object number of second object None

FuncTyp Function type None

= 0 constant electric resistance

= 1 electric resistance is a function of temperature

= 2 electric resistance is a function of pressure

ElcRst Electric resistance when FrictType = 0 0.0

Ndata Number of Time/Prs electric resistance data pairs None

Time/Prs(i) Time (Ftype = 1), or pressure (Ftype = 2) of ith data pair None

ElcRst(i) Electric resistance of ith data pair None

ITRMTH

ITRMTH Itype

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Itype Iteration method 1

To compensate for the risk of solution divergence with the Newton-Raphson method, Newton-Raphson has been paired with the direct iteration method using the sequence Newton-Raphson/direct iteration/Newton-Raphson/direct iteration until convergence is achieved When a solution has not converged within the maximum number of iterations using Newton-Raphson, the simulation will switch

to the direct iteration method for the maximum number of iterations (ITRMXD) If the solution still has not converged, the simulation will switch back to Newton-Raphson for ITRMXD iterations If the solution still has not converged, the

simulation will switch one last time to direct iteration for ITRMXD iterations

A schematic representation of the direct iteration method is shown in Figure A.2 .Direct iteration requires more iterations to achieve convergence than Newton-Raphson, but is less likely to develop convergence problems The method should only be chosen if it appears that a simulation has been having problems

converging using Newton-Raphson This can be discerned after a simulation run

by checking the ProblemID.MSG file If the file shows that the iteration method switched between Newton-Raphson and direct iteration for many of the time steps, future runs should specify direct iteration as the iteration method

Iteration summaries for each deformation step are recorded in the ProblemID.MSG file

A detailed description of the Newton-Raphson and direct iteration methods can be found in Metal Forming and the Finite-Element Method [1]

Applicable simulation types: Isothermal Deformation

ITRMXD

ITRMXD MaxIteration

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

MaxIteration Maximum iterations per deformation time step 200

If direct iteration is specified as the iteration method, MaxIteration iterations will be performed If the solution has not converged, another MaxIteration will be

performed If the solution still has not converged, the simulation will terminate, and

a message will be written to the ProblemID.MSG file

Iteration summaries for each deformation step are recorded in the

ITRMXT MaxIteration

MaxIteration Maximum iterations per heat transfer time step 200

DEFINITION

ITRMXT limits the number of iterations per heat transfer time step

REMARKS

ITRMXT specifies the maximum number of iterations which can be performed during a heat transfer

time step If convergence has not been achieved by MaxIteration the simulation will terminate

Typically heat transfer problems converge in 2-5 iterations

Iteration summaries for each heat transfer step are recorded in the ProblemID.MSG file

Applicable simulation types: Heat Transfer

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Matr Material Group NONE

Itype Type of Curve

=1 Data Entry 1

N1 number of distance NONE

N2 number of atom content NONE

DEFINITION

JOMINY defines the jominy curve for a mixture material group The jominy curve

is a determination of the hardness in the Jominy specimen at a specific distance from the cool end Therefore, the jominy curve is useful in determining the

hardenability of a material as a function of the distance from the water-cooled end The hardenability of the material is estimated by using the data specified in

HDNTIM and cooling time calculated in the heat transfer analysis

SYSTEM UNITS: JOMINY(ARBITRARY), DISTANCE (ARBITRARY),

ATOM(WT%)

Note: The units for Jominy and Distance are arbitrary but should be self-consist The distance units in the cooling curve HDNTIM and the Jominy curve must match

KFREAD

KFREAD number

filename

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

number dummy number used to denote order file loading None

(optional)

filename Filename of keyword file to load None

DEFINITION

KFREAD loads a keyword file automatically into the preprocessor during a

multiple operations run

RELATED TOPICS

Multiple Operations

KFWRIT

KFWRIT

filename

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

filename Filename of keyword file to write None

LATENT

LATENT i

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

i Parameter deciding whether phase transformation with

latent heat is considered or ignored 0

i = 0 Phase transformation with latent heat is ignored

i = 1 Phase transformation with latent heat is considered

DEFINITION

LATENT indicates if latent heat calculation is required during heat transfer

calculation This keyword has not been enabled in the present version

REMARKS

LATENT is not currently implemented in version 4.0

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object number None

LocNum Local definition number None

UsrRtn User routine number None

PrsType Type of pressure definition None

=0 constant

=1 function of time

FricType Friction type None

= 1 constant shear factor friction

= 2 Coulomb friction

= 3 Constant Tau

FricFuncType Function type 0

This keyword work in conjunction with ECCDEF to define the pressure and friction

on a specific surface polygon Note that if the object is rigid, friction defined here has higher priority than the friction defined as inter-object data

If the data is of constant type, only the constant value is given in the data list If tabular data is used to describe any of the above variables, the number of data sets

is listed followed by the data set

Applicable Simulation Modules: Deformation

Applicable Object Types: ALL except rigid

LOCTMP

LOCTMP Object, Iwin, UsrRtn, Ttype, Ctype, Etype, Htype, Itype

Followed by Data

OPERAND DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

Object Object number None

Iwin Heat exchange window index None

UsrRtn User routine No None

Etype Type of environmental temperature definition None